BhG 1.1

Śrīdharaḥ -

iha khalu sakala-loka-hitāvatāraḥ parama-kāruṇiko bhagavān devakī-nandanas tattvājñāna-vijṛmbhita-śoka-moha-bhraṃśita-vivekatayā nija-dharma-parityāga-pūrvaka-para-dharmābhisandhinam arjunaṃ dharma-jñāna-rahasyopadeśa-plavena tasmāc choka-moha-sāgarād uddadhāra | tam eva bhagavad-upadiṣṭam arthaṃ kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ saptabhiḥ śloka-śatair upanibabandha | tatra ca prāyaśaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇa-mukhād viniḥsṛtān eva ślokān alikhat | kāṃścit tat-saṅgataye svayaṃ ca vyaracayat | yathoktaṃ gītā-māhātmye -

gītā sugītā kartavyā kim anyaiḥ śāstra-vistaraiḥ | yā svayaṃ padmanābhasya mukha-padmād viniḥsṛtā || iti |

tatra tāvad dharmakṣetre ity ādinā | viṣīdann idam abravīd ity antena granthena śrī-kṛṣṇārjuna-saṃvāda-prastāvāya kathā nirūpyate | tataḥ param āsamāptes tayor dharma-jñānārthe saṃvādaḥ | tatra dharma-kṣetra ity ādinā ślokena dhṛtarāṣṭrena hastināpura-sthitaṃ sva-sārathiṃ samīpasthaṃ sañjayaṃ prati kurukṣetra-vṛttānte pṛṣṭhe sañjayo hastināpurasthito 'pi vyāsa-prasāda-labdha-divya-cakṣuḥ kurukṣetra-vṛttāntaṃ sākṣāt paśyann iva dhṛtarāṣṭrāya nivedayāmāsa | dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ādinā |

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāceti | dharmakṣetra iti | bhoḥ sañjaya | dharmakṣete dharma-bhūmau kurukṣetre | dharma-kṣetra iti kurukṣetra-viśeṣaṇam | eṣām ādi-puruṣaḥ kaścit kuru-nāmā babhūva | tasya kuror dharma-sthāne māmakā mat-putrāḥ pāṇḍu-putrāś ca yuyutsavo yoddhum icchantaḥ samavetāḥ militāḥ santaḥ kim akurvata kiṃ kṛtavantaḥ ||1||

Viśvanāthaḥ -

iha khalu sakala-śāstrābhimata-śrīmac-caraṇa-saroja-bhajanaḥ svayaṃ bhagavān narākṛti-para-brahma-śrī-vasudeva-sūnuḥ sākṣāc-chrī-gopāla-puryām avatīryāpāra-paramātarkya-prāpañcika-sakala-locana-gocarīkṛto bhavābdhi-nimajjamānān jagaj-janān udhṛtya sva-saundarya-mādhuryāsvādanayā svīya-prema-mahāmbudhau nimajjayāmāsa |

śiṣṭa-rakṣā duṣṭa-nigraha-vrata-niṣṭhā-mahiṣṭha-pratiṣṭho 'pi bhuvo bhāra-duḥkhāpahāra-miṣeṇa duṣṭānām api sva-dveṣṭṝṇām api mahā-saṃsāra-grāsībhūtānām api mukti-dāna-lakṣaṇaṃ parama-rakṣaṇam eva kṛtvā svāntardhānottara-kāla-janiṣyamāṇān anādy-avidyā-bandha-nibadnhana-śoka-mohādyākulān api jīvān uddhartuṃ śāstra-kṛn-muni-gaṇa-gīyamāna-yaśaś ca dhartuṃ sva-priya-sakhaṃ tādṛśa-svecchā-vaśād eva raṇa-mūrdhany udbhūta-śoka-mohaṃ śrīmad-arjunaṃ lakṣyīkṛtya kāṇḍa-tritayātmaka-sarva-veda-tātparya-paryavasitārtha-ratnālaṅkṛtaṃ śrī-gītā-śāstram aṣṭādaśādhyāyam antarbhūtāṣṭādaśa-vidyaṃ sākṣād vidyamānīkṛtam iva parama-puruṣārtham āvirbhāvayāmbabhūva |

tatrādhyāyānāṃ ṣaṭkenan prathamena niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ | dvitīyena bhakti-yogaḥ | tṛtīyena jñāna-yogo darśitaḥ | tatrāpi bhakti-yogasyātirahasyatvād ubhaya-saṅjīvakatvenābhyarhitatvāt sarva-durlabhatvāc ca madhyavartīkṛtaḥ | karma-jñānayor bhakti-rāhityena vaiyarthyāt te dve bhakti-miśre eva sammatīkṛte |

bhaktis tu dvividhā kevalā pradhānībhūtā ca | tatrādyā svata eva parama-prabalā | te dve karma-jñāne vinaiva viśuddha-prabhāvatī akiñcanā ananyādi-śabda-vācyā | dvitīyā tu karma-jñāna-miśrety akhilam agre vivṛtībhaviṣyati |

athārjunasya śoka-mohau kathambhūtāv ity apekṣāyāṃ mahābhārata-vaktā śrī-vaiśampāyano janamejayaṃ prati tatra bhīṣma-parvaṇi kathām avatārayati dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca iti | kurukṣetre yuyutsavo yuddhārthaṃ saṅgatā māmakā duryodhanādyāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca yudhiṣṭhirādayaḥ kiṃ kṛtavantas tad brūhi | nanu yuyutsava iti tvaṃ bravīṣy evāto yuddham eva kartum udyatās te tad api kim akurvateti kenābhiprāyeṇa pṛcchasīty ata āha dharmakṣetra iti | kurukṣetraṃ deva-yajanam iti śrutes tat-kṣetrasya dharma-pravartakatvaṃ prasiddham |

atas tat-saṃsarga-mahimnā yady adharmikāṇām api duryodhanādīnāṃ krodha-nivṛttyā dharme matiḥ syāt | pāṇḍavās tu svabhāvata eva dhārmikās tato bandhu-hiṃsanam anucitam ity ubhayeṣām api viveke udbhūte sandhir api sambhāvyate | tataś ca mamānanda eveti sañjayaṃ prati jñāpayitum iṣṭo bhāvo bāhyaḥ | ābhyantaras tu sandhau sati pūrvavat sakaṇṭakam eva rājyaṃ mad-ātmajānām iti me durvāra eva viṣādaḥ | tasmād asmākīno bhīṣmas tv arjunena durjaya evety ato yuddham eva śreyas tad eva bhūyād iti tu tan-manorathopayogī durlakṣyaḥ |

atra dharma-kṣetre iti kṣetra-padena dharmasya dharmāvatārasya saparikara-yudhiṣṭhirasya dhānyasthānīyatvam | tat-pālakasya śrī-kṛṣṇasya kṛṣi-bala-sthānīyatvam | kṛṣṇa-kṛta-nānā-vidha-sāhāyyasya jala-secana-setu-bandhanādi-sthānīyatvam | śrī-kṛṣṇa-saṃhārya-duryodhanāder dhānya-dveṣi-dhānyākāra-tṛṇa-viśeṣa-sthānīyatvaṃ ca bodhitaṃ sarasvatyā ||1||

Baladevaḥ --

atha sukha-cid-ghanaḥ svayaṃ bhagavān acintya-śaktiḥ puruṣottamaḥ sva-saṅkalpāyatta-vicitra-jagad-udayādi-viriñcy-ādi-sañcintya-caraṇaḥ sva-janmādi-līlayā sva-tulyān sahāvirbhūtān pārṣadān praharṣayaṃs tayaiva jīvān bahūn avidyāśārdūlīvadanād vimocya svāntardhānottara-bhāvino 'nyānuddidhīrṣur āhava-mūrdhni svātma-bhūtam apy arjunam avitarkya-sva-śaktyā samoham iva kurvan tan-moha-vimārjanāpadeśena saparikara-svātma-yāthātmyaika-nirūpikāṃ sva-gītopaniṣadam upādiśat |

tasyāṃ khalv īśvara-jīva-prakṛti-kāla-karmāṇi pañcārthā varṇyante | teṣu vibhu-saṃvid īśvaraḥ | aṇu-saṃvij jīvaḥ | sattvādi-guṇa-trayāśrayo dravyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | traiguṇya-śūnyaṃ jaḍa-dravyaṃ kālaḥ | puṃ-prayatna-niṣpādyam adṛṣṭādi-śabda-vācyaṃ karmeti |

teṣāṃ lakṣaṇāni | eṣv īśvarādīni catvāri nityāni | jīvādīni tv īśvara-vaśyāni | karma tu prāg-abhāvavad anādi vināśi ca | tatra saṃvit-svarūpo 'pīśvaro jīvaś ca saṃvettāsmad-arthaś ca - vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma, yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit, mantā boddhā kartā vijānātmā puruṣaḥ, ity ādi śruteḥ | so 'kāmayata bahu syām, sukham aham asvāpsaṃ na kiñcid avediṣam ity ādi śruteś ca | na cobhayatra mahat-tattva-jāto 'yam ahaṅkāraḥ |

tadā tasyānutpatter vilīnatvāc ca | sa ca sa ca kartā bhoktā siddhaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarva-vit kartā boddhā iti padebhyaḥ | anubhavitṛtvaṃ kahlu bhoktṛtvaṃ sarvābhyupagatam | so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā iti śrutes tūbhayos tat pravyaktam | yadyapi saṃvit-svarūpāt saṃvettṛtvādi nānyat prakāśa-svarūpād raver iva prakāśakatvādi, tathāpi viśeṣa-sāmarthyāt tad-anyatva-vyavahāraḥ | viśeṣaś ca bheda-pratinidhir na bhedaḥ | sa ca bhedābhāve 'pi bheda-kāryasya dharma-dharmi-bhāvādi-vyavahārasya hetuḥ |sattā satī bhedo bhinnaḥ kālaḥ sarvadāstīty ādiṣu vidvadbhiḥ pratītaḥ | tat-pratīty-anyathānupapattyā - evaṃ dharmān pṛthak paśyaṃs tān evānuvidhāvati iti śrutyā ca siddhaḥ | iha hi brahma-dharmān abhidhāya tad-bhedaḥ pratiṣidhyate |

na khalu bheda-pratinidhes tasyāpy abhāve dharma-dharmi-bhāva-dharma-bahutve śakye vaktum ity anicchubhir api svīkāryāḥ syuḥ ta ime 'rthāḥ śāstre 'smin yathāsthānam anusandheyāḥ | iha hi jīvātma-paramātma-tad-dhāma tat-prāpty-upāyānāṃ svarūpāṇi yathāvan nirūpyante | tatra jīvātma-yāthātmya-paramātma-yāthātmyopayogitayā paramātma-yāthātmyaṃ tu tad-upāsanopayogitayā prakṛtyādikaṃ tu paramātmanaḥ sraṣṭur upakaraṇatayopadiśyate |

tad-upāyāś ca karma-jñāna-bhakti-bhedāt tredha | tatra śruta-tat-tat-phalanair apekṣeṇa kartṛtvābhiniveśa-parityāgena cānuṣṭhitasya sva-vihitasya karmaṇaḥ hṛd-viśuddhi-dvārā jñāna-bhaktyor upakāritvāt paramparayā tat-prāptāv upāyatvam | tac ca śruti-vihita-karma hiṃsā-śūnyam atra mukhyam | mokṣa-dharme pitā-putrādi-saṃvādāt hiṃsāvat tu gauṇaṃ viprakṛṣṭatvāt tayos tu sākṣād eva tathātvam |

nanu, tathānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā hṛd-viśuddhyā jñānodayena muktau satyāṃ bhaktyā ko viśeṣaḥ | ucyate, jñānam eva kiñcid viśeṣād bhaktir iti | nirṇimeṣa-vīkṣaṇa-kaṭākṣa-vīkṣaṇa-vadanayor antaraṃ cid-vigrahatayānusandhir jñānaṃ tena tat sālokyādiḥ | vicitra-līlā-rasāśrayatayānusandhis tu bhaktis tayā kroḍīkṛta-sālokyādi-tad-varīvasyānanda-lābhaḥ pumarthaḥ | bhakter jñānatvaṃ tu "sac-cid-ānandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tiṣṭhati" iti śruteḥ siddham |

tad idaṃ śravaṇādi-bhāvādi-śabda-vyapadiṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭam | jñānasya śravaṇādyākāratvaṃ cit-sukhasya viṣṇoḥ kuntalādi-pratīkatvavat pratyetavyam iti vakṣyāmaḥ | ṣaṭ-trike 'smin śāstre prathamena ṣaṭkeneśvarāṃśasya jīvasyāṃśīśvara-bhakty-upayogi-svarūpa-darśanam | tac cāntar-gata-jñāna-niṣkāma-karma-sādhyaṃ nirūpyate | madhyena parama-prāpyasyāṃśīśvarasya prāpaṇī bhaktis tan-mahima-dhī-pūrvikābhidhīyate | antyena tu pūrvoditānām eveśvarādīnāṃ svarūpāṇi pariśodhyante | trayāṇāṃ ṣaṭkānāṃ karma-bhakti-jñāna-pūrvatā-vyapadeśas tu tat-tat-prādhānyenaiva | carame bhakteḥ pratipatteś coktis tu ratna-sampuṭordhva-likhita-tat-sūcaka-lipi-nyāyena |

asya śāstrasya śraddhāluḥ sad-dharma-niṣṭho vijitendriyo 'dhikārī | sa ca sa-niṣṭha-pariniṣṭhita-nirapekṣa-bhedāt trividhaḥ | teṣu svargādi-lokān api didṛkṣr niṣṭhayā sva-dharmān hary-arcana-rūpān ācaran prathamaḥ | loka-saṃjighṛkṣayā tān ācaran hari-bhakti-nirato dvitīyaḥ | sa ca sa ca sāśramaḥ | satya-tapo-japādibhir viśuddha-citto hary-eka-niratas tṛtīyo nirāśramaḥ | vācya-vācaka-bhāvaḥ sambandhaḥ | vācya ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ | vācakas tad-gītā-śāstraṃ tādṛśaḥ so 'tra viṣayaḥ | aśeṣa-kleśa-nivṛtti-pūrvakas tat-sākṣāt-kāras tu prayojanam ity anubandha-catuṣṭayam | atreśvarādiṣu triṣu brahma-śabdo 'kṣara-śabdaś ca baddha-jīveṣu tad-deheṣu ca kṣara-śabdaḥ | īśvara-jīva-dehe manasi buddhau dhṛtau yatne cātma-śabdaḥ | triguṇāyāṃ vāsanāyāṃ śīle svarūpe ca prakṛti-śabdaḥ | sattābhiprāya-svabhāva-padārtha-janmasu kriyāsv ātmasu ca bhāva-śabdaḥ | karmādiṣu triṣu citta-vṛtti-nirodhe ca yoga-śabdaḥ paṭhyate | etac chāstraṃ khalu svayaṃ bhagavataḥ sākṣād vacanaṃ sarvataḥ śreṣṭhaṃ -- gītā sugītā kartavyā kim anyaiḥ śāstra-vistaraiḥ | yā svayaṃ padmanābhasya mukha-padmād viniḥsṛtā || iti pādmāt |

dhṛtarāṣṭrādi-vākyaṃ tu tat-saṅgati-lābhāya dvaipāyanena viracitam | tac ca lavaṇākara-nipāta-nyāyena tan-mayam ity upodghātaḥ |

iti tāvad bhagavad-arjuna-saṃvādaṃ prastautuṃ kathā nirūpyate| dharmakṣetre ity ādibhiḥ sapta-viṃśatyā | tad-bhagavataḥ pārtha-sārathyaṃ vidvān dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ sva-putra-vijaye sandihānaḥ sañjayaṃ pṛcchatīty āha | janmejayaṃ prati vaiśampāyanaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāceti | yuyutsavo yoddhum icchavo māmakā mat-putrāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca kurukṣetre samavetāḥ kim akurvateti |

nanu yuyutsavaḥ samavetā iti tvam evātthya tato yudherann eva punaḥ kim akurvateti kas te bhāva iti cet, tatrāha - dharmakṣetra iti | "yad anu kurukṣetraṃ devānāṃ deva-yajanaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ brahma-sadanam ity ādi-śravaṇād dharma-prarohi-bhūmi-bhūtaṃ kurukṣetraṃ prasiddham | tat-prabhāvād vinaṣṭa-vidveṣā mat-putrāḥ kiṃ pāṇḍavebhyas tad-rājyaṃ dātuṃ niścikyuḥ | kiṃ vā, pāṇḍavāḥ sadaiva dharma-śīlā dharma-kṣetre tasmin kula-kṣaya-hetukād adharmād bhītā vana-praveśam eva śreyo vimamṛśur iti | he sañjayeti vyāsa-prasādād vinaṣṭa-rāga-dveṣas tvaṃ tathyaṃ vadety-arthaḥ | pāṇḍavānāṃ māmakatvānuktir dhṛtarāṣṭrasya teṣu droham abhivyanakti | dhānya-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dhānyābhāsānām iva dharma-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dharmābhāsānāṃ tvat-putrāṇām apagamo bhāvīti dharma-kṣetra-śabdena gīr-devyā vyajyate ||1||

BhG 1.2

saṃjaya uvāca

Śrīdharaḥ - sañjaya uvāca dṛṣṭvety-ādi | pāṇḍavānām anīkaṃ sainyaṃ vyūḍhaṃ vyūha-racanayā adhiṣṭhitaṃ dṛṣṭvā droṇācārya-samīpaṃ gatvā rājā duryodhano vakṣyamāṇaṃ vacanam uvāca ||2||

Viśvanāthaḥ - vidita-tad-abhiprāyas tad-āśāṃsitaṃ yuddham eva bhavet | kintu tan-manoratha-pratikulam iti manasi kṛtvā uvāca dṛṣṭveti | vyūḍhaṃ vyūha-racanayāvasthitam | rājā duryodhanaḥ sāntarbhayam uvāca | paśyaitām iti navabhiḥ ślokaiḥ ||2||

Baladevaḥ - evaṃ janmāndhasya prajñā-cakṣuṣo dhṛtarāṣṭrasya dharma-prajñā-vilopān mohāndhasya mat-putraḥ kadācit pāṇḍavebhyas tad-rājyaṃ dadyād iti vimlāna-cittasya bhāvaṃ vijñāya dharmiṣṭhaḥ sañjayas tvat-putraḥ kadācid api tebhyo rājyaṃ nārpayuṣyatīti tat-santoṣam utpādayann āha dṛṣṭveti | pāṇḍavānām anīkaṃ sainyaṃ vyūḍhaṃ vyūha-racanayāvasthitam | ācāryaṃ dhanur-vidyā-pradaṃ droṇam upasaṅgamya svayam eva tad-antikaṃ gatvā rājā rāja-nīti-nipuṇaḥ vacanam alpākṣaratvaṃ gambhīrārthatvaṃ saṅkrānta-vacana-viśeṣam | atra svayam ācārya-sannidhigamanena pāṇḍava-sainya-prabhāva-darśana-hetukaṃ tasyāntar-bhayaṃ guru-gauraveṇa tad-antikaṃ svayam āgatavān asmīti bhaya-saṅgopanaṃ ca vyajyate | tad idaṃ rāja-nīti-naipuṇyād iti ca rāja-padena ||2||

BhG 1.3

Śrīdhara: tad eva vacanam āha paśyaitām ity ādibhiḥ navabhiḥ ślokaiḥ | paśyety ādi he ācārya | pāṇḍavānāṃ mahatīṃ vitatāṃ camūṃ senāṃ paśya | tava śiṣyeṇa drupada-putreṇa dhṛṣṭadyumnena vyūḍhāṃ vyūha-racanayādhiṣṭhitām ||3||

Viśvanātha: drupada-putreṇa dhṛṣṭadyumnena tava śiṣyeṇa sva-vadhārtham utpanna iti jānatāpi tvayāyam adhyāpita iti tava manda-buddhitvam | dhīmateti śatror api tvattaḥ sakāśāt tvad-vadhopāya-vidyā gṛhītety asya mahābuddhitvaṃ phal-kāle 'pi paśyeti bhāvaḥ ||3||

Baladeva: tat tādṛśaṃ vacanam āha paśyaitām ity ādinā | priya-śiṣyeṣu yudhiṣṭhirādiṣu snehātiśayād ācāryo na yudhyed iti vibhāvya tat-kopotpādanāya tasmiṃs tad-avajñāṃ vyañjayann āha etām iti | etām atisannihitāṃ prāgalbhyenācāryam atiśūraṃ ca tvām avigaṇayya sthitāṃ dṛṣṭvā tad-avajñāṃ pratīhīti, vyūḍhāṃ vyūha-racanayā sthāpitāṃ | drupada-putreṇeti tvad-vairiṇā drupadena tvad-vadhāya dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ putro yajñāgni-kuṇḍād utpādito 'stīti | tava śiṣyeṇeti tvaṃ sva-śatruṃ jānann api dhanur-vidyām adhyāpitavān asīti tava manda-dhītvam | dhīmateti śatros tvattas tvad-vadhopāyo gṛhīta iti tasya sudhītvam | tvad-apekṣyakāritaivāsmākam

BhG 1.4-6

Śrīdhara: atrety ādi | atra asyāṃ camvām | iṣavo bāṇā asyas te kṣipyante ebhir iti iṣāsāḥ dhanūṃṣi | mahānta iṣvāso yeṣāṃ te maheṣvāsāḥ | bhīmārjunau tāvad atrātiprasiddhau yoddhārau | tābhyāṃ samāḥ śūrāḥ śauryeṇa kṣātra-dharmeṇopetāḥ santi | tān eva nāmabhir nirdiśati yuyudhānaḥ sātyakiḥ | kiṃ ca dhṛṣṭaketur iti | vikrānto yudhāmanyur nāmaikaḥ | saubhadro 'bhimanyur draupadeyāḥ draupadyāṃ pañcabhyo yudhiṣṭhirādibhyo jātāḥ putrāḥ prativindhyādayaḥ pañca | mahārathādīnāṃ lakṣaṇam -

amitān yodhayed yas tu samprokto 'tirathas tu saḥ | caikena yo yudhyet tan-nyūno 'rdha-rathaḥ smṛtaḥ || iti ||4-6||

Viśvanātha: atra camvām | mahāntaḥ śatrubhiś chettum aśakyā iṣvāsā dhanūṃṣi yeṣāṃ te | yuyudhānaḥ sātyakiḥ | saubhadro 'bhimanyuḥ | draupadeyā yudhiṣṭhirādibhyaḥ pañcabhyo jātāḥ prativindhyādayaḥ | mahārathādīnāṃ lakṣaṇam -

amitān yodhayed yas tu samprokto 'tirathas tu saḥ | caikena yo yudhyet tan-nyūno 'rdha-rathaḥ smṛtaḥ || iti ||4-6||

Śrīdhara: nanv ekena dhṛṣṭadyumnenādhiṣṭhitālpikā senāsmadīyenaikenaiva sujeyā syād atas tvaṃ mā trāsīr iti cet tatrāha atreti | atra camvāṃ mahāntaḥ śatrubhiś chettum aśakyā iṣvāsāś cāpā yeṣāṃ te | yuddha-kauśalam āśaṅkyāha bhīmeti | yuyudhānaḥ sātyakiḥ | mahāratha iti yuyudhānīdānāṃ trayāṇām | nara-puṅgava iti purujid-ādīnāṃ trayāṇām | yudyeti vikrānta iti yudhāmanyoḥ | vīryavān ity uttamaujasaś ceti viśeṣaṇam | saubhadro 'bhimanyuḥ | draupadeyā yudhiṣṭhirādibhyaḥ pañcabhyaḥ kramād draupadyāṃ jātāḥ prativindhya-śrutasena-śrutakīrti-śatānīka-śrutakarmākhyāḥ pañca-putrāḥ | ca-śabdād anye ca ghaṭotkacādayaḥ | pāṇḍavās tv atikhyātatvāt na gaṇitāḥ | ye ete saptadaśa gaṇitāḥ, ye cānye tat-pakṣīyās te sarve mahārathā eva | atirathasyāpy upalakṣaṇam etat | tal-lakṣaṇaṃ coktam -

amitān yodhayed yas tu samprokto 'tirathas tu saḥ | caikena yo yudhyet tan-nyūno 'rdha-rathaḥ smṛtaḥ || iti ||4-6||

BhG 1.7

Śrīdhara: asmākam iti | nibodha budhyasva | nāyakā netāraḥ | saṃjñārthaṃ samyag jñānārtham ||7||

Viśvanātha: nibodha budhyasva | saṃjñārthaṃ samyag jñānārtham ||7||

Baladeva: tarhi kiṃ pāṇḍava-sainyād bhīto 'sīty ācārya-bhāvaṃ sambhāvyāntarjātām api bhītim ācchādayan dhārṣṭyenāha - asmākam iti | asmākaṃ sarveṣāṃ madhye ye viśiṣṭāḥ paramotkṛṣṭā budhyādi-bala-śālino nāyakā netāraḥ | tān saṃjñārthaṃ samyak jñānārthaṃ bravīmīti | pāṇḍava-premṇā tvaṃ cen no yotsyase, tadāpi bhīṣmādibhir mad-vijayaḥ setsyaty eveti tat kopotpādanārthaṃ dyotyam ||7||

BhG 1.8-9

Śrīdhara: tān eṣāha bhavān iti dvābhyām | bhavān droṇaḥ | samitiṃ saṃgrāmaṃ jayatīti tathā | saumadattiḥ somadattasya putro bhūriśravāḥ | anye ceti mad-arthe mat-prayojanārthaṃ jīvitaṃ tyaktum adhyavasitā ity arthaḥ | nānā anekāni śastrāni praharaṇa-sādhanāni yeṣāṃ te | yuddhe viśāradā nipuṇā ity arthaḥ ||8-9||

Viśvanātha: saumadattir bhūriśravāḥ | tyakta-jīvitā iti jīvita-tyāgenāpi yadi mad-upakāraḥ syāt tadā tad api kartuṃ pravṛttā ity arthaḥ | vastutas tu mayaivaite nihatāḥ pūrvam eva nimitta-mātraṃ bhava savyasācin iti bhagavad-ukter duryodhana-sarasvatī satyam evāha sma || 8-9||

Baladeva: bhavān iti | bhavān droṇaḥ | vikarṇo mad-bhrātā kaniṣṭhaḥ | saumadattir bhūriśravāḥ | samitiñjayaḥ saṃgrāma-vijayīti droṇādīnāṃ saptānāṃ viśeṣaṇam | nanv etāvanta eva mat-sainye viśiṣṭāḥ kintv asaṅkhyeyāḥ santīty āha anye ceti | bahavo jayadratha-kṛtavarma-śalya-prabhṛtayaḥ | tyaktety-ādi karmaṇi niṣṭhā jīvitāni tyaktuṃ kṛta-niścayā ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ ca teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ mayi snehātirekāt śauryātirekād yuddha-pāṇḍityāc ca mad-vijayaḥ siddhyed eveti dyotyate ||8-9||

BhG 1.10

Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ? ata āha - aparyāptam ity ādi | tat tathābhūtaiḥ vīrair yuktam api bhīṣmeṇābhirakṣitam api asmākaṃ balaṃ sainyaṃ aparyāptaṃ taiḥ saha yoddhuṃ asamarthaṃ bhāti | idam eteṣāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam sat paryāptaṃ samarthaṃ bhāti | bhīṣmasyobhaya-pakṣapātitvāt asmad-balaṃ pāṇḍava-sainyṃ pratyasamartham | bhīmasyika-pakṣapātitvāt pāṇḍavānāṃ balaṃ samartham ||10||

Viśvanātha: aparyāptam aparipūrṇam | pāṇḍavaiḥ saha yoddhuṃ akṣamam ity arthaḥ | bhīṣmeṇātisūkṣma-buddhinā śastra-śāstra-pravīṇenābhito rakṣitam api bhīṣmasyobhaya-pakṣapātitvāt | eteṣāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ tu bhīmena sthūla-buddhinā śastra-śāstrānabhijño 'pi rakṣitam paryāptaṃ paripūrṇam | asmābhiḥ saha yuddhe pravīṇam ity arthaḥ ||10||

Baladeva: nanv ubhayoḥ sainyayos taulyāt tavaiva vijayaḥ katham ity āśaṅkya sva-sainyādhikyam āha aparyāptam iti | aparyāptam aparimitam asmākaṃ balam | tatrāpi bhīṣmeṇa mahā-buddhimatātirathenābhirakṣitam | eteṣāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ balaṃ tu paryāptaṃ parimitam | tatrāpi bhīmena tuccha-buddhinārdharathenābhirakṣitam | ataḥ siddha-vijayo 'ham ||10||

BhG 1.11

Viśvanātha: tasmād yuṣmābhiḥ sāvadhānair bhavituvyam ity āha ayaneṣu vyūha-praveśa-mārgeṣu yathā-bhāgaṃ vibhaktāḥ svāṃ svāṃ raṇa-bhūmim aparityajyaivāvasthitā bhavanto bhīṣmam evābhitas tathā rakṣantu yathānyair yudhyamāno 'yaṃ pṛṣṭhataḥ kaiścin na hanyate | bhīṣma-balenaivāsmākaṃ jīvitam iti bhāvaḥ ||11||

Baladeva: athaivaṃ mad-ukti-bhāvaṃ vijñāyācāryaś ced udāsīta tadā mat-kārya-kṣatir iti vibhāvya tasmin sva-kārya-bhāram arpayann āha ayaneṣv iti | ayaneṣu sainya-praveśa-vartmasu yathābhāgaṃ vibhaktāṃ svāṃ svāṃ yuddha-bhūmim aparityajyāvasthitā bhavanto bhavad-ādayo bhīṣmame evābhito rakṣantu yuddhābhiniveśāt pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataś cāpaśyantaṃ taṃ yathānyo na vihanyāt tathā kurvantv ity arthaḥ | senāpatau bhīṣme nirbodhe mad-vijaya-siddhir iti bhāvaḥ |

ayam āśayaḥ - bhīṣmo 'smākaṃ pityāmahaḥ | bhavāṃs tu guruḥ | tau yuvām asmad ekānta-hitaiṣiṇau viditau | yāvakṣa-sadasi mad-anyāyaṃ vidantāv api draupadyā nyāyaṃ pṛṣṭau nāvocatāṃ mayā tu pāṇḍaveṣu pratītaṃ snehābhāsaṃ tyājayituṃ tathā niveditam iti ||11||

Śrīdhara: tad evaṃ bahu-māna-yuktaṃ rāja-vākyaṃ śrutvā bhīṣmaḥ kiṃ kṛtavān | tad āha tasyety ādi | tasya rājño harṣaṃ kurvan pitāmaho bhīṣma uccair mahāntaṃ siṃha-nādaṃ vinadya kṛtvā śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau vāditavān ||12||

Baladeva: evaṃ duryodhana-kṛtāṃ sva-stutim avadhārya sa-harṣo bhīṣmas tad-antar-jātāṃ bhītim utsādayituṃ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmāv ity āha | siṃha-nādam ity upamāne karmaṇi ceti pāṇini-sūtrāt ṇamul | cāt kartary upamāne ity arthaḥ | siṃha iva vinadyety arthaḥ | mukhataḥ kiñcid anuktvā śaṅkha-nāda-mātra-karaṇena jaya-parājayau khalv īśvarādhīnau tvad-arthe kṣatra-dharmeṇa dehaṃ tyakṣyāmīti vyajyate ||12||

BhG 1.13

Śrīdhara: tad evaṃ senāpateḥ bhīṣmasya yuddhotsavam ālokya sarvato yuddhotsavaḥ pravṛtta iy āha tata ity ādinā | paṇavā mārdalāḥ | ānakāḥ gomukhāś ca vādya-viśeṣāḥ | sahasā tat-kṣaṇam evābhyahanyanta vāditāḥ | sa ca śaṅkhādi-śabdas tumulo mahān abhūt ||13||

Viśvanātha: tataś cobhayatraiva yuddhotsāhaḥ pravṛtta ity āha tata iti | paṇavā mārdalāḥ | ānakāḥ paṭahāḥ | gomukhā vādya-viśeṣāḥ ||13||

Baladeva: tata iti | senāpatau bhīṣme pravṛtte tat-sainye sahasā tat-kṣaṇam eva śaṅkhādayo 'bhyahanyanta vāditāḥ | karma-kartari prayogaḥ | paṇavādayas trayo vāditra-bhedāḥ | sa śabdas tumula ekākāratayā mahān āsīt ||13||

BhG 1.14

Śrīdhara: tataḥ pāṇḍava-sainye pravṛttaṃ yuddhotsāham āha tata ity ādibhiḥ pañcabhiḥ | tataḥ kaurava-sainya-vādya-kolāhalānantaraṃ mahati syandane rathe sthitau santau śrī-kṛṣṇārjunau divyau śaṅkhau prakarṣeṇa dadhmatur vādayāmāsatuḥ | ||12||

Baladeva: atha pāṇḍava-sainye pravṛttaṃ yuddhosavam āha tata iti | anyeṣām api ratha-sthitatve saty api kṛṣṇārjunayoḥ ratha-sthitatvoktis tad-rathasyāgni-dattatvaṃ trailokya-vijetṛtvaṃ mahā-prabhavatvaṃ ca vyajyate ||14||

BhG 1.15-18

Śrīdhara: tad eva vibhāgena darśayann āha pāñcajanyam iti | pāñcajanyādīni nāmāni śrī-kṛṣṇādi-śaṅkhānām | bhīmaḥ ghoraṃ karma yasya saḥ | vṛkavat udaraṃ yasya sa vṛkodaro mahā-śaṅkhaṃ pauṇḍraṃ dadhmāv iti | ananteti | nakulaḥ sughoṣaṃ nāma śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau | sahadevo maṇipuṣpakaṃ nāma | kāśyaś ceti | kāśyaḥ kāśirājaḥ | kathambhūtaḥ | paramaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ iṣvāso dhanur yasya saḥ | drupada iti | he pṛthivīpate dhṛtarāṣṭra ||15-18||

Viśvanātha: pāñcajanyādayaḥ śaṅkhādīnāṃ nāmāni | aparājitaḥ kenāpi parājetum aśakyatvāt | athavā cāpena dhanuṣā rājitaḥ pradīptaḥ ||15-18||

Baladeva: pāñcajanyam ity ādi pāñcajanyādayaḥ kṛṣṇādi-śaṅkhānām āhvayāḥ | atra hṛṣīkeśa-śabdena parameśvara-sahāyitvam | pāñcajanyādi-śabdaiḥ prasiddhāhvayāneka-divya-śaṅkhavattvam | rājā bhīmakarmā dhanañjaya ity ebhir yudhiṣṭhirādīnāṃ rāja-sūya-yājitva-hiḍimbādi-nihantṛtva-digvijayāhṛtānanta-dhanatvāni ca vyajya pāṇḍava-senā-sūtkarṣaḥ sūcyate | para-senāsu tad-abhāvād apakarṣaś ca | kāśya iti | kāśyaḥ kāśirājaḥ | parameṣvāsaḥ mahā-dhurdharaḥ | cāparājito dhanuṣā dīptaḥ | drupada iti | pṛthivīpate he dhṛtarāṣṭreti tava durmantraṇodayaḥ kula-kṣaya-lakṣaṇo ' narthaḥ samāsata

BhG 1.19

Śrīdhara - sa ca śaṅkhānāṃ nādas tvadīyānāṃ mahābhayaṃ janayāmāsety āha sa ghoṣa ity ādi | dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ tvadīyānāṃ hṛṇḍayāṇi vyadārayat vidāritavān | kiṃ kurvan | nabhaś ca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo 'bhyanunādayan pratidhvanibhir apūryan ||19||

Viśvanātha - Nothing.

Baladeva - sa iti | pāṇḍavaiḥ kṛtaḥ śaṅkha-nādo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ bhīṣmādīnāṃ sarveṣāṃ hṛṇḍayāṇi vyadārayat | tad-vidāraṇa-tulyāṃ pīḍām ajanayad ity arthaḥ | tumulo 'titīvraḥ abhyanunādayan pratidhvanibhiḥ p”ryann ity arthaḥ | dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ kṛtas tu śaṅkhādinādas tumulo 'pi teṣāṃ kiñcid api kṣobhaṃ nājanayat tathānukter iti bodhyam ||19||

BhG 1.20-23

Śrīdhara - etasmin samaye śrī-kṛṣṇam arjuno vijñāpayāmāsety āha atha ity ādibhiḥ caturbhiḥ ślokaiḥ | atheti athānantaraṃ vyavasthitān yuddhodyogena sthitān | kapidhvajo 'rjunaḥ ||20||

Viśvanātha - Nothing.

Baladeva - evaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ yuddhe bhītiṃ pradarśya pāṇḍavānāṃ tu tatrotsāham āha atheti sārdhakena | atha ripu-śaṅkha-nāda-kṛtotsāha-bhaṅgānantaraṃ vyavasthitān tad-bhaṅga-virodhi-yuyutsayāvasthitān dhārtarāṣṭrān bhīṣmādīn kapidhvajo 'rjuno yena śrī-dāśarather api mahānti kāryāni purā sādhitāni tena mahāvīreṇa dhvajam adhitiṣñhitā hanumatānugṛhīto bhaya-gandha-śūnya ity arthaḥ | he mahīpate pravṛtte pravartamāne | hṛṣīkeśam iti hṛṣīkeśaṃ sarvendriya-pravartakaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ tad idaṃ vākyam uvāceti | sarveśvaro harir yeṣāṃ niyojyas teṣāṃ tad ekānta-bhaktānāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ

BhG 1.21-23

Śrīdhara - tad eva vākyam āha senayor ubhayor ity ādi | yāvad etān iti | nanu tvaṃ yoddhā na tu yuddha-prekṣakas tatrāha kair mayety ādi | kaiḥ saha mayā yoddhavyam | yotsyamānān iti dhārtarāṣṭrasya duryodhanasya priyaṃ kartum icchanto ye iha samāgatāḥ tān ahaṃ drakṣyāmi yāvat | tāvad ubhayoḥ senayor madhye me rathaṃ sthāpayety anvayaḥ ||21-23||

Viśvanātha - Nothing.

Baladeva -arjuna-vākyam āha senayor iti | he acyutedi svabhāva-siddhād bhakta-vātsalyāt pāramaiśvaryāc ca na cyavase smeti tena tena ca niyantirto bhaktasya me vākyāt tatra rathaṃ sthitaṃ kuru nirbhaya tatra ratha-sthāpane phalam āha yāvad iti | yoddhu-kāmān na tu sahāsmābhiḥ sandhiṃ cikīrṣūn | avasthitān na tu bhītyā pracalitān |

nanu tvaṃ yoddhā, na tu yuddha-prekṣakas tatas tad-darśanena kim iti cet tatrāha kair iti | asmin bandhūnām eva mitho raṇodyoge kair bandhubhiḥ saha mama yuddhaṃ bhāvīty etaj-jñānāyaivaa madhye ratha-sthāpanam iti |

nanu bandhutvād eet sandhim eva vidhātsyantīti cet tatrāha yotsyamānān iti na tu sandhiṃ vidhāsyataḥ | avekṣe pratyemi | durbuddheḥ kudhiyaḥ svajīvanopāyānabhijñasya yuddhe na tu durbuddhy-apanayane | ato mad-yuddha-pratiyogi-nirīkṣaṇaṃ yuktam iti ||21-23||

BhG 1.24-25

Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam | ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ukta ity ādi | uḍākā nidrā tasya īśena jita-nidreṇa arjunena evam uktaḥ san | he bhārata, he dhṛtarāṣṭra senayor madhye rathānām uttamaṃ rathaṃ hṛṣīkeśaḥ sthāpitavān | bhīṣma-droṇa iti mahīkṣitāṃ rājñāṃ ca pramukhataḥ sammukhe rathaṃ sthāpayitvā | he pārtha etān kurūn paśyeti śrī-bhagavān uvāca ||24-25||

Viśvanātha: hṛṣīkeśaḥ sarvendriya-niyantāpy evam ukto 'rjunenādiṣṭaḥ | arjuna-vāg-indriya-mātreṇāpi niyamyo 'bhūd ity aho prea-vaśyatvaṃ bhagavata iti bhāvaḥ | guḍākeśena guḍā yathā mādhurya-mātra-prakāśakās tat tathā svīya-sneha-rasāsvāda-prakāśakā akeśā viṣṇu-brahma-śivā yasya tena akāro viṣṇuḥ ko brahmā īśo mahā-devaḥ | yatra sarvāvatāri-cūḍāmaṇīndraḥ svayaṃ bhagavān śrī-kṛṣṇa eva premādhīnaḥ sann ājñānuvartī babhūva | tatra guṇāvatāratvāt tad-aṃśāḥ viṣṇu-brahma-rudrāḥ katham aiśvaryaṃ prakāśayantu | kintu svakartṛkaṃ sneha-rasaṃ prakāśyaiva svaṃ svaṃ kṛtārthaṃ manyanta ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrī-bhagavatā para-vyoma-nāthenāpi dvijātmamajā me yuvayor didṛkṣuṇā iti |

yad vā, guḍāko nidrā tasyā īśena jita-nidrenety arthaḥ | atrāpi vyākhyāyāṃ sākṣān māyāyā api niyantā yaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ sa cāpi yena premṇā vijitya vaśīkṛtas tenārjunena māyā-vṛttir nidrā varākī jiteti kiṃ citram iti bhāvaḥ | bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ pramukhataḥ pramukhe sammukhe sarveṣāṃ mahīkṣitāṃ rājñāṃ ca | pramukhataḥ iti samāsa-praviṣṭe 'pi pramukhataḥ-śabda ākṛṣyate ||24-25||

Baladeva: tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjayaḥ prāha evam iti | guḍākā nidrā tasyā īśaḥ sva-sakha-śrī-bhagavad-guṇa-lāvaṇya-smṛti-niveśena vijita-nidras tat-parama-bhaktas tenārjunenaivam uktaḥ pravartito hṛṣīkeśas tac-citta-vṛtty-abhijño bhagavān senayor madhye bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitāṃ bhū-bhujāṃ ca pramukhataḥ sammukhe rathottamaṃ agnidattaṃ rathaṃ sthāpayitvovāca he pārtha samavetān etān kurūn paśyeti | pārtha-hṛṣīkeśa-śabdābhyām idaṃ sūcyate matipitṛ-svasṛ-putratvāt tvat-sārathyam ahaṃ kariṣyāmy eva tvaṃ tv adhunaiva yuyutsāṃ

BhG 1.26

Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ pravṛttam ity āha tatrety ādi | pitṝn pitṛvyān ity arthaḥ | putrān pautrān iti duryodhanādīnāṃ ye putrāḥ pautrāś ca tān ity arthaḥ | sakhīn mitrāṇi | suhṛdaḥ kṛtopakārāṃś ca apaśyat |

Viśvanātha: duryodhanādīnāṃ ye putrāḥ pautrāś ca tān |

Baladeva: evaṃ bhagavatokto 'rjunaḥ para-senām apaśyad ity āha tatreti sārdhakena | tatra para-senāyāṃ pitṝn pitṛvyān bhūriśravaḥ-prabhṛtīn, pitāmahān bhīṣma-somadattādīn, ācāryān droṇa-kṛpādīn, mātulān śalya-śakuny-ādīn, bhrātṝn duryodhanādīn, putrān lakṣmaṇādīn, pautrān naptṝn, lakṣmaṇādi-putrān, sakhīn vayasyān drauṇi-saindhavādīn, suhṛdaḥ kṛtavarma-bhagadattādīn | evaṃ sva-sainye 'py upalakṣaṇīyam | ubhayor api senayor avasthitān tān sarvān samīkṣyety anvayāt ||26||

BhG 1.27

Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ kṛtavān ity āha tān iti | senayor ubhayor evaṃ samīkṣya kṛpayā mahatyā āviṣṭaḥ viṣaṇṇaḥ san idam arjuno 'bravīt | ity uttarasya ardha-ślokasya vākyārthaḥ | āviṣṭo vyāptaḥ ||27||

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: atha sarveśvaro dayāluḥ kṛṣṇaḥ saparikarātmopadeśena viśvam uddidhīrṣur arjunaṃ śiṣyaṃ kartuṃ tat-sva-dharme 'pi yuddhe mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni iti śruty-arthābhāsenādharmatām ābhāsya taṃ saṃmohaṃ kṛtavān ity āha tān samīkṣyate kaunteya iti svīya-pitṛ-svasṛ-putratvoktyā tad-dharmo moha-śokau tadā tasya vyajyete | kṛpayā kartryā ity ukteḥ | svabhāva-siddhasya kṛpeti dyotsyate | ataḥ parayeti tad-viśeṣaṇam | aparayeti vā cchedaḥ sva-sainye pūrvam api kṛpāsti para-sainye tv aparāpi sābhūd ity arthaḥ | viṣīdann anutāpaḥ vindan | atrokti-viṣādayor aika-kālyādy-ukti-kāle

BhG 1.28-29

Śrīdhara: kim abravīd ity apekṣāyām āha dṛṣṭvemān ity ādi yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | he kṛṣṇa yoddhum icchataḥ purataḥ samavasthitān svajanān bandhu-janān dṛṣṭvā madīyāni gātrāṇi karacaraṇādīni sīdanti viśīryante | kiṃ ca vepahtuś cetyādi | vepathuḥ kampaḥ | romaharṣaḥ romāñcaḥ | sraṃsate nipatati | paridahyate sarvataḥ santapyate ||28-29||

Baladeva: kaunteyaḥ śoka-vyākulaṃ yad āha tad anuvadati dṛṣṭvemam iti | svajanaṃ sva-bandhu-vargaṃ jātāv eka-vacanaṃ sa-gotra-bāndhava-jñāti-bandhu-sva-svajanāḥ samāḥ ity amaraḥ | dṛṣṭvāsavthitasya mama gātrāṇi kara-caraṇādīni sīdanti śīryante pariśuṣyatīti śramādi-hetukāc choṣād atiśayitvam asya śoṣasya vyajyate | vepathuḥ kampaḥ | romaharṣaḥ pulakaḥ | gāṇḍīva-bhraṃśenādhairyaṃ tvag-dāhnea hṛd-vidāho darśitaḥ ||28-29||

BhG 1.30

Śrīdhara: api ca na śaknomīty ādi | viparītāni nimittāni aniṣṭa-sūcakāni śakunāni paśyāmi ||30||

Viśvanātha: viparītāni nimittāni dhana-nimittako 'yam atra me vāsa itivan nimitta-śabdo 'yaṃ prayojana-vācī | tataś ca yuddhe vijayino mama rājya-lābhāt sukhaṃ na bhaviṣyati, kintu tad-viparītam anutāpa-duḥkham eva bhāvīty arthaḥ ||30||

Baladeva: api ceti avasthātuṃ sthiro bhavituṃ mano bhramtīva ceti daurbalya-mūrcchayor udayaḥ | nimittāni phalāny atra yuddhe viparītāni paśyāmi | vijayino me rājya-prāptir ānando na bhaviṣyati kintu tad-viparīto 'nutāpa eva bhāvīti | nimitta-śabdaḥ phala-vācī kasmai nimittāyātra vasasi ity ādau tathā pratīteḥ ||30||

BhG 1.31

Śrīdhara: kiṃ ca na cety ādi | āhave yuddhe svajanaṃ hatvā śreyaḥ phalaṃ na paśyāmi | vijayādikaṃ phalaṃ kiṃ na paśyasīti cet tatrāha na kāṅkṣa iti ||31||

Viśvanātha: śreyo na paśyāmīti dvāv imau puruṣau loke sūrya-maṇḍala-bhedinau | parivrāḍ yoga-yuktaś ca raṇe cābhimukhe hataḥ || ity ādinā hatasyaiva śreyo-vidhānāt | hantus tu na kim ap sukṛtam | nana dṛṣṭaṃ phalaṃ yaśo rājyaṃ vartate yuddhasyety ata āha na kāṅkṣa iti ||31||

Baladeva: evaṃ tattva-jñāna-pratikūlaṃ śokam uktvā tat-pratikūlāṃ viparīta-buddhim āha na ceti | āhave svajanaṃ hatvā śreyo naiva paśyāmīti | dvāv imau puruṣau loke sūrya-maṇḍala-bhedinau | parivrāḍ yoga-yuktaś ca raṇe cābhimukhe hataḥ || ity ādinā hatasya śreyaḥ-smaraṇāt hantur me na kiñcic chreyaḥ | asvajanam iti vā cchedaḥ asvajana-vadhe 'pi śreyaso 'bhāvāt svajana-vadhe punaḥ kutastarāṃ tad ity arthaḥ |

nanu yaśo-rājya-lābho dṛṣṭaṃ phalam astīti cet tatrāha na kāṅkṣa iti | rājyādi-spṛhā-virahād upāye vijaye mama pravṛttir na yuktā, randhane yathā bhojanechā-virahiṇaḥ | tasmād araṇya-nivasanam evāsmākaṃ ślāghya-jīvanatvaṃ bhāvīti ||31||

BhG 1.32-35

api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte |

Śrīdhara: etad eva prapañcayati kiṃ no rājyena ity ādi sārdha-dvayena | ta ime iti | yad-artham asmākaṃ rājyādikam apekṣitam te ete prāṇa-dhanāni tyaktvā tyāgam aṅgīkṛtya yuddhārtham avasthitāḥ | ataḥ kim asmākaṃ rājyādibhiḥ kṛtyam ity arthaḥ |

nanu yadi kṛpayā tvam etān na haṃsi tarhi tvām ete rājya-lobhena haniṣyanty eva | atas tvam evaitān hatvā rājyaṃ bhuṅkṣveti | tatrāha etān ity ādi sārdhena | ghnato 'pi asmān mārayato 'pi etān | apīti | trailokya-rājyasyāpi hetoḥ tat-prāpty-artham api hantuṃ necchāmi | kiṃ punar mahīmātra-prāptaya ity arthaḥ ||32-35||

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: govindeti | gāḥ sarvendriya-vṛttīḥ vindasīti tvam eva me manogataṃ pratīhīty arthaḥ | rājyādy-anākāṅkṣāyāṃ hetum āha yeṣām iti | prāṇān prāṇāśāṃ dhanāni9 dhanāśām iti laksaṇayā bodhyam | sva-prāṇa-vyaye 'pi sva-bandhu-sukhārthā rājya-spṛhā syāt teṣām apy atra nāśa-prāpter apārthaiva yuddhe pravṛttir iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tvaṃ cet kāruṇikas etān na hanyās tarhi te sva-rājyaṃ niṣkaṇṭakaṃ kartuṃ tvām eva hanyur iti cet tatrāh etān iti | māṃ ghnato 'pi hiṃsato 'py etān hantum ahaṃ necchāmi | trailokya-rājyasya prāptaye 'pi kiṃ punar bhū-mātrasya |

nanv anvayān hitvā dhṛtarāṣṭra-putrā eva hantavyā, bahu-duḥkha-dātṝṇāṃ teṣāṃ ghāte sukha-sambhavād iti cet tatrāha nihatyeti | dhārtarāṣṭrān duryodhanādīn nihatya sthitānāṃ naḥ pāṇḍāvānāṃ kā prītiḥ prasannatā syān na kāpīti acira-sukhābhāsa-spṛhayā ciratara-naraka-hetu-bhrāṛho na yogya iti bhāvaḥ | he janārdaneti yady ete hantavyās tarhi bhūbhārāpahārī tvam eva tān hahi pareśasya te pāpa-gandha-sambandho na bhaved iti vyajyate ||32-35||

BhG 1.36

Śrīdhara: nanu ca agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || iti smaraṇād agni-dāhādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir hetubhir ete tāvad ātatāyinaḥ ātatāyināṃ ca vadho yukta eva | ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || iti vacanāt |

tatrāha pāpam evety ādi-sārdhena | ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstram | tac ca dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | yathoktaṃ yājñavalkyena smṛtyor virodhe nyāyas tu balavān vyavahārataḥ | artha-śāstrāt tu balavān dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || iti | tasmād ātatāyinām apy eteṣām ācāryādīnāṃ vadhe 'smākaṃ pāpam eva bhavet | anyāyyatvād adharmatvāc caitad vadhasya amutra ceha vā na sukhaṃ syād ity āha svajanam iti ||36||

Viśvanātha: nanu agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || iti | ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || ity ādi-vacanād eṣāṃ vadha ucita eveti | tatrāha pāpam iti | etān hatvā sthitān asmān | ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstraṃ dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | yad uktaṃ yājñavalkyena artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti smṛtam || iti | tasmād ācāryādīnāṃ vadhe pāpaṃ syād eva | na caihikaṃ sukham api syād ity āha svajanam iti ||36||

Baladeva: nanu agnido garadaś caiva śastra-pāṇir dhanāpahaḥ | kṣetra-dārāpahārī ca ṣaḍ ete hy ātatāyinaḥ || ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād evāvicārayan | nātatāyi-vadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaścana || ity ukter eṣāṃ ṣaḍ-vidhyenātatāyināṃ yukto vadha iti cet tatrāha pāpam iti | etān hatvā sthitān asmān pāpam eva bandhu-kṣaya-hetukam āśrayet | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ ātatāyinam āyāntam ity ādikam artha-śāstraṃ mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni iti dharma-śāstrāt durbalam | artha-śāstrāt tu balavad dharma-śāstram iti sthitiḥ || iti smṛteḥ | tasmād durbalārtha-śāstra-balena pūjyānāṃ droṇa-bhīṣmādīnāṃ vadhaḥ pāpa-hetur eveti | na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmīty ārabhyoktam upasaṃharati tasmād iti | pāpa-sambhavāt | daihika-sukhasyāpy abhāvāc cety arthaḥ | na hi gurubhir bandhu-janaiś ca vināsmākaṃ rājya-bhogaḥ sukhāyāpi tu anutāpāyaiva sampatsyate | he mādhaveti śrīpatis tvam aśrīke yuddhe kathaṃ pravartayasiīti bhāvaḥ ||36||

BhG 1.37

Śrīdhara: nanu tavaiteṣām api bandhu-vadha-doṣe samāne sati yathaivaite bandhu-vadha-doṣam aṅgīkṛtyāpi yuddhe pravartate | tathaiva bhavān api pravartatāṃ kim anena viṣādenety ata āha yadyapīti dvābhyām | rājya-lobhenopahataṃ bhraṣṭa-vivekaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ te ete duryodhanādayo yadyapi doṣaṃ na paśyanti, tathāpi asmābhir doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhir asmāt pāpāt nivartituṃ kathaṃ na jñeyaṃ nivṛttāv eva buddhiḥ kartavyety arthaḥ ||37-38||

Viśvanātha: nanv ete tarhi kathaṃ yuddhe vartante | tatrāha yadyapīti ||37-38||

Baladeva: nanu āhūto na nivarteta dyūtād api raṇād api viditaṃ kṣatriyasyeti kṣatra-dharma-smaraṇāt tair āhūtānāṃ bhavatāṃ yuddhe pravṛttir yukteti cet tatrāha yadyapīhi dvābhyām | pāpe pravṛttau lobhas teṣāṃ hetur asmākaṃ tu lobha-virahān na tatra pravṛttir iti | iṣṭa-sāvadhānatā-jñānaṃ khalu pravartakam | iṣṭaṃ cāniṣṭān anubandhi-vācyam | yad uktam -

phalato 'pi ca yat karma nānārthenānubadhyate | kevala-prīti-hetutvāt tad-dharm iti kathyate || iti |

tathā ca śyenenābhicaran yajeta ity ādi śāstrokte 'pi śyenādāv ivāniṣṭānubandhitvād yuddhe 'smin naḥ pravṛttir na yukteti | āhūta ity ādi śāstraṃ tu kula-kṣaya-doṣaṃ vinā bhūta-viṣayaṃ bhāvi | he janārdaneti prāgvat ||37-38||

BhG 1.39

Śrīdhara: tam eva doṣaṃ darśayati kula-kṣaya ity ādi | sanātanāḥ parasparāprāptāḥ | uta api avaśiṣṭaṃ kṛtsnam api kulam adharmo 'bhibhavati vyāpnotīty arthaḥ ||39||

Baladeva: doṣam eva prapañcayati kula-kṣaya iti | kula-dharmāḥ kulocitā agni-hotrādayo dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ kula-paraspara-prāptāḥ praṇaśyanti kartur vināśāt | utety apy arthe kṛtsnam ity anena sambadhyate | dharme naṣṭe saty avaśiṣṭaṃ bālādi-kṛtsnam api kulam adharmo 'bhibhavati satīty arthaḥ ||39||

BhG 1.40

Viśvanātha: praduṣyantīti | adharma eva tā vyabhicāre pravartayatīti bhāvaḥ ||40||

Baladeva: tataś cādharmābhibhavād iti | asmad-bhartṛbhir dharmam ullaṅghya yathā̆akula-kṣaya-lakṣaṇe pāpe vartitaṃ, tathāsmābhiḥ pātivratyam avajñāya durācāre vartitavyam iti durbuddhi-hatāḥ kula-striyaḥ praduṣyeyur ity arthaḥ ||40||

BhG 1.41

Śrīdhara: evaṃ sati saṅkara ity ādi | eṣāṃ kula-ghnānāṃ pitaraḥ patanti | hi yasmāt luptāḥ piṇḍodaka-kriyā yeṣāṃ te tathā |

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: kulasya saṅkaraḥ kula-ghnānāṃ narakāyaiveti yojanā | na kevalaṃ kula-ghnā eva narake patanti, kintu tat-pitaro 'pīty āha patantīti hir hetau | paṇḍādi dātṝṇāṃ putrādīnām abhāvād vilupta-piṇḍādi-kriyā santas te narakāyaiva patanti ||41||

BhG 1.42

Śrīdhara: ukta-doṣam upasaṃharati doṣair iti dvābhyāṃ | utsādyante lupyante | jāti-dharmā varṇa-dharmāḥ kula-dharmāś ceti ca-kārād āśrama-dharmādayo 'pi gṛhyante ||42||

Viśvanātha: doṣair iti | utsādyante lupyante ||42||

Baladeva: ukta-doṣam upasaṃharati doṣair iti dvābhyāṃ | utsādyante vilupyante | jāti-dharmāḥ kṣatriyatvādi-nirbandhanāḥ | kula-dharmās tv asādhāraṇāḥ | ca-śabdād āśrama-dharmā grāhyāḥ ||42||

BhG 1.43

Śrīdhara: utsanneti | utsannāḥ kula-dharmā yeṣām iti utsanna-jāti-dharmānām apy upalakṣaṇam | anuśuśruma śrutavanto vayam | prāyaścittam akurvāṇāḥ pāpeṣu niratā narāḥ | apaśāt-tāpinaḥ kaṣṭān nirayān yānti dāruṇān || ity ādi vacanebhyaḥ ||43||

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: utsanneti | jāti-dharmādīnāṃ upalakṣaṇam etat | anuśuśruma śrutavanto vayaṃ guru-mukhāt | prāyaścittam akurvāṇāḥ pāpeṣu niratā narāḥ | apaśāt-tāpinaḥ kaṣṭān nirayān yānti dāruṇān || ity ādi vākyaiḥ ||43||

BhG 1.44

Śrīdhara: bandhu-vadhādhyavasāyena santy upamāne āha aho batetyādi | svajanaṃ hantum udyatā iti yat etan-mahat-pāpaṃ kartum adhyavasāyaṃ kṛtavanto vayam | aho bata mahat kaṣṭam ity arthaḥ ||44||

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: bandhu-vadhādhyavasāyenāpi pāpaṃ sambhāvyānupapannāha aho iti | bateti sandehe ||44||

BhG 1.45

Śrīdhara: evaṃ santaptaḥ san mṛtyum evāśaṃsamāna āha yadi mām ity ādi | apratīkāraṃ tuṣṇīm upaviṣṭaṃ māṃ yadi haniṣyanti tarhi tad-dhananaṃ mama kṣemataram atyantaṃ hitaṃ bhavet pāpāniṣpatteḥ ||45||

Viśvanātha: Nothing.

Baladeva: nanu tvayi bandhu-vadhād vinivṛtte 'pi bhīṣmādibhir yuddhotsukais tva-vadhaḥ syād eva tataḥ kiṃ vidheyam iti cet tatrāha yadi mām ity ādi | apratīkāram akṛta-mad-vadhādhyavasāya-pāpa-prāyaścittam | kṣemataram atihitaṃ prāṇānta-prāyaścittenaivaitat pāpāvamarjanam | bhīṣmādayas tu na tat-pāpa-phalaṃ prāpsyanty eveti bhāvaḥ ||45||

BhG 1.46

Śrīdhara: tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam uktvety ādi | saṅkhye saṅgrāme rathopasthe rathasyopari upāviśat upaviveśa | śokena saṃvignaṃ prakampitaṃ mānasaṃ cittaṃ yasya saḥ ||46||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyām arjuna-viṣādo nāma prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

Viśvanātha: saṅkhye saṅgrāme | rathopasthe rathopari |

Baladeva: tataḥ kim abhūd ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam utveti | saṅkhye yuddhe rathopasthe rathopari upāviśat upaviveśa | pūrvaṃ yuddhāya pratiyoddhṛ-vilokanāya cotthitaḥ san ||

Bhagavadgita 2

BhG 2.1

śrīdharaḥ : dvitīye śoka-saṃtaptam arjunaṃ brahma-vidyayā | pratibodhya hariś cakre sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam | tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca - taṃ tathety ādi | aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule īkṣaṇe yasya taṃ tathā, ukta-prakāreṇa visam arjunaṃ prati madhusūdana idaṃ vākyam uvāca ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : ahiṃsā paramo dharmo bhikṣāśanaṃ cety evaṃ-lakṣaṇayā buddhyā yuddha-vaimukhyam arjunasya śrutvā svaputrāṇāṃ rājyam apracalitam avadhārya svastha-hṛdayasya dhṛtarāṣṭrasya harṣa-nimittāṃ tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity ākāṅkṣām apaninīṣuḥ saṃjayas taṃ pratyuktavān ity āha vaiśampāyanaḥ |

kṛpā mamaita iti vyāmoha-nimittaḥ sneha-viśeṣaḥ | tayāviṣṭaṃ svabhāva-siddhyā vyāptam | arjunasya karmatvaṃ kṛpāyāś ca kartṛtvaṃ vadatā tasyā āgantukatvaṃ vyudastam | ataeva viṣīdantaṃ sneha-viṣayī-bhūta-svajana-vicchedāśaṅkā-nimittaḥ śokāpara-paryāyaś citta-vyākulī-bhāvo viṣādas taṃ prāpnuvantam | atra viṣādasya karmatvenārjunasya kartṛtvena ca tasyāgantukatvaṃ sūcitam |

ataeva kṛpā-viṣāda-vaśād aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule darśanākṣame cekṣaṇe yasya tam | evam aśru-pāta-vyākulī-bhāvākhya-kārya-dvaya-janakatayā paripoṣaṃ gatābhyāṃ kṛpā-viṣādābhyām udvignaṃ tam arjunam idaṃ sopapattikaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vākyam uvāca na tūpekṣitavān | madhusūdana iti | svayaṃ duṣṭa-nigraha-kartārjunaṃ praty api tathaiva vakṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||1||

evam arjuna-vairāgyam upaśrutya sva-putra-rājyābhraṃśāśayā hṛṣyantaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭram ālakṣya sañjaya uvāca taṃ tatheti | madhusūdana iti tasya śokam api madhuvan nihaniṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||1||

BhG 2.2

śrīdharaḥ : tad eva vākyam āha śrī-bhagavān uvāca kuta iti | kuto hetos tvā tvāṃ viṣame saṅkaṭe idaṃ kuśalaṃ samupasthitam ayaṃ mohaḥ prāptaḥ, yata āryair asevitam | asvargyam adharmyam ayaśaskaraṃ ca ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva bhagavato vākyam avatārayati kutas tveti |

samagasyeti pratyekaṃ sambandhaḥ | mokṣasyeti tat-sādhanasya jñānasya | iṅganā saṃjñā | etādṛśaṃ samagramaiśvaryādikaṃ nityam apratibandhena yatra vartate sa bhagavān | nitya-yoge matup | tathā-

atra bhūtānām iti pratyekaṃ sambadhyate | utpatti-vināśa-śabdau tat-kāraṇasyāpy upalakṣakau | āgati-gatī āgaminyau sampadāpadau | etādṛśo bhagavac-chabdārthaḥ śrī-vāsudeva eva paryavasita iti tathocyate |

idaṃ svadharmāt parāṅmukhatvaṃ kṛpā-vyāmohāśru-pātādi-puraḥ-saraṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-garhitatvena malinaṃ viṣame sa-bhaye sthāne tvā tvāṃ sarva-kṣatriya-pravaraṃ kuto hetoḥ samupasthitaṃ prāptam ? kiṃ mokṣecchātaḥ ? kiṃ vā svargecchātaḥ ? iti kiṃ-śabdenākṣipyate | hetu-trayam api niṣedhati tribhir viśesaṇair uttarārdhena | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam asevitam | sva-dharmair āśaya-śuddhi-dvārā moks icchadbhir apakva-kaṣāyair mumukṣubhiḥ kathaṃ sva-dharmas tyājya ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāsādhikārī tu pakva-kaṣāyo 'gre vakṣyate | asvargyaṃ svarga-hetu-dharma-virodhitvān na svargecchayā sevyam | akīrtikaraṃ kīrty-abhāva-karam apakīrtikaraṃ vā na kīrtīcchayā sevyam | tathā ca mokṣa-kāmaiḥ svarga-kāmaiḥ kīrti-kāmaiś ca varjanīyam | tat kāma eva tvaṃ sevasva ity aho anucitaṃ ceṣṭitaṃ taveti bhāvaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : kaśmalaṃ mohaḥ | viṣame 'tra saṅgrāma-saṅkaṭe | kuto hetoḥ | upasthitaṃ tvāṃ prāptam abhūt | anārya-juṣṭaṃ supratiṣṭhita-lokair asevitam | asvargyam akīrtikaram iti pāratrikaihika-sukha-pratikūlam ity arthaḥ ||2||

baladevaḥ : tad vākyam anuvadati śrī-bhagavān iti |

iti parāśaroktaiśvaryādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir nityaṃ viśiṣṭaḥ | samagrasyety etat ṣaṭsu yojyam | he arjuna ! idaṃ sva-dharma-vaimukhyaṃ kaśmalaṃ śiṣṭa-nindyatvān malinaṃ kuto hetos tvāṃ kṣatriya-cūḍāmaṇiṃ samupasthitam abhūt ? viṣame yuddha-samaye | na ca mokṣāya svargāya kīrtaye vaitad-yuddha-vairāgyam ity āha anāryeti | āryair mumukṣubhir na juṣṭam sevitam | āryāḥ khalu hṛd-viśuddhaye svadharmān ācaranti | asvargyaṃ svargopalambhaka-dharma-viruddham | akīrti-karaṃ kīrti-viplāvakam ||2||

BhG 2.3

śrīdharaḥ : klaibyaṃ mā sma gama iti | tasmāt he pārtha ! klaibyaṃ kātaryaṃ mā sma gamaḥ | na prāpnuhi | yatas tvayi etan nopapadyate yogyaṃ na bhavati | kṣudraṃ tucchaṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ kātaryaṃ yuddhāya uttiṣṭha, he parantapa śatru-tāpana ! ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bandhu-senāvekṣaṇa-jātenādhairyeṇa dhanur api dhārayitum aśaknuvatā mayā kiṃ kartuṃ śakyam ity ata āha klaibyam iti | klaibyaṃ klīb-bhāvam adhairyam ojas-teja-ādi-bhaṅga-rūpaṃ mā sma gamo mā gā | he pārtha pṛthā-tanaya! pṛthayā deva-prasāda-labdhe tat-tanaya-mātre vīryātiśayasya prasiddhatvāt pṛthā-tanayatvena tvaṃ klaibyāyogya ity arthaḥ | arjunatvenāpi tad-ayogyatvam āha naitad iti | tvayi arjune sākṣān-maheśvareṇāpi saha kṛtāhave prakhyāta-mahā-prabhāve nopapadyate na yujyata etat-klaibyam ity asādhāraṇyena tad-ayogyatva-nirdeśaḥ |

nanu na ca śaknomy avasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ iti pūrvam eva mayoktam ity āśaṅkyāha kṣudram iti | hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ manaso bhramaṇādi-rūpam adhairyaṃ kṣudratva-kāraṇatvāt kṣudraṃ sunirasanaṃ vā tyaktvā vivekenāpanīyottiṣṭha yuddhāya sajjo bhava | he parantapa ! paraṃ śatruṃ tāpayatīti tathā saṃbodhyate hetu-garbham ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : klaibyaṃ klīb-dharmaṃ kātaryam | he pārtheti tvaṃ pṛthā-putraḥ sann api gacchasi | tasmān mā sma gamaḥ, mā prāpnuhi, anyasmin kṣatra-bandhau varam idam upapadyatām, tvayi mat-sakhau tu nopayujyate |

nanv idaṃ śauryābhāva-lakṣaṇaṃ klaibyaṃ mā śaṅkiṣṭhāḥ | kintu bhīṣma-droṇādi-guruṣu dharma-dṛṣṭyā viveko 'yaṃ dhārtarāṣṭreṣu tu durbaleṣu mad-astrāghātam āsādya martum udyateṣu dayaiveyam iti tatrāha kṣudram iti | naite tava viveka-daye, kintu śoka-mohāv eva | tau ca manaso daurbalya-vyañjakau | tasmāt hṛdaya-daurbalyam idaṃ tyaktvā uttiṣṭha | he parantapa ! parān śatrūn tāpayan yudhyasva ||3||

baladevaḥ : nanu bandhu-kṣayādhyavasāya-doṣāt prakampitena mayā kiṃ bhāvyam iti cet tatrāha klaibyam iti | he pārtha ! devarāja-prasādāt pṛthāyām utpanna ! klaibyaṃ kātaryaṃ mā sma gamaḥ prāpnuhi | tvayi viśva-vijetari mat-sakhe 'rjune kṣatra-bandhāv ivaitad īdṛśaṃ klaibyaṃ nopayujyate |

nanu na me śauryābhāva-rūpaṃ klaibyaṃ kintu bhīṣmādiṣu pūjyeṣu dharma-buddhyā viveko 'yaṃ duryodhanādiṣu bhrātṛṣu mac-chastra-prahāreṇa mariṣyatsu kṛpeyam iti cet tatrāha kṣudram iti | naite tava viveka-kṛpe, kintu kṣudraṃ laghiṣṭhaṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyam eva | tasmāt tat tyaktvā yuddhāyottiṣṭha sajjībhava | he parantapa ! śatru-tāpaneti śatru-hāsa-pātratāṃ mā gāḥ ||3||

BhG 2.4

śrīdharaḥ : nāhaṃ kātaratvena yuddhāt uparato 'smi, kintu yuddhasya anyāyyatvād adharmyatvāc cety āha arjuna uvāca katham iti | bhīṣma-droṇau pūjārhau pūjāyām arho yogyau tau prati katham ahaṃ yotsyāmi, tatrāpi iṣubhiḥ yatra vācāpi yotsyāmīti vaktum anucitaṃ tatra bāṇaiḥ kathaṃ yotsyāmīty arthaḥ | he ari-sūdana śatru-mardana ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāyaṃ svadharmasya tyāgaḥ śoka-mohādi-vaśāt kintu dharatvābhāvād adharmatvāc cāsya yuddhasya tyāgo mayā kriyata iti bhagavad-abhiprāyam apratipadyamānasyārjunasyābhiprāyam avatārayati katham iti | bhīṣmaṃ pitāmahaṃ droṇām cācāryaṃ saṅkhye raṇa iṣubhiḥ sāyakaiḥ pratiyotsyāmi prahariṣyāmi katham ? na kathaṃcid apīty arthaḥ | yatas tau pūjārhau kusumādibhir arcana-yogyau | pūjārhābhyāṃ saha krīḍā-sthāne 'pi vācāpi harṣa-phalam api līlā-yuddham anucitaṃ kiṃ punar yuddha-bhūmau śaraiḥ prāṇa-tyāga-phalakaṃ praharaṇam ity arthaḥ |

madhusūdanārisūdaneti sambodhana-dvayaṃ śoka-vyākulatvena pūrvāpara-parāmarśa-vaikalyāt | ato na madhusūdanārisūdanety asyārthasya punar uktatvaṃ doṣaḥ | yuddha-mātram api yatra nocitaṃ dūre tatra vadha iti pratiyotsyāmīty anena sūcitam |

athavā pūjārhau kathaṃ pratiyotsyāmi | pūjārhayor eva vivaraṇaṃ bhīṣmaṃ droṇaṃ ceti | dvau brāhmaṇau bhojaya deva-dattaṃ yajña-dattaṃ cetivat sambandhaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - duryodhanādayo nāpuraskṛtya bhīṣma-droṇau yuddhāya sajjībhavanti | tatra tābhyāṃ saha yuddhaṃ na tāvad dharmaḥ pūjādivad avihitatvāt | na cāyam aniṣiddhatvād adharmo 'pi na bhavatīti vācyam | guruṃ huṅkṛtya tvaṃkṛtya ity ādinā śabda-mātreṇāpi guru-droho yadāniṣṭa-phalatva-pradarśanena niṣiddhas tadā kiṃ vācyaṃ tābhyāṃ saha saṅgrāmasyādharmatve niṣiddhatve ceti ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu pratibadhnāti hi śreyaḥ pūjya-pūjā-vyatikramaḥ iti dharma-śāstram | ato 'haṃ yuddhān nivarta ity āha katham iti | pratiyotsyāmi pratiyotsye | nanv etau yudhyete tarhy anayoḥ pratiyoddhā bhavituṃ tvaṃ kiṃ na śaknoṣi ? satyaṃ na śaknomy evety āha pūjārhāv iti | anayoś caraṇeṣu bhaktyā kusumāny eva dātum arhāmi na tu krodhena tīkṣṇa-śarān iti bhāvaḥ | bho vayasya kṛṣṇa tvam api śatrūn eva yuddhe haṃsi, na tu sandīpaniṃ sva-guruṃ, nāpi bandhūn yadūn ity āha he madhusūdaneti | nanu mādhavo yadava eva | tatrāha he arisūdana ! madhur nāma daityo yas tavārir iti bravīmīti ||4||

baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādiṣu pratiyoddhṛṣu satsu tvayā kathaṃ na yoddhavyam | āhūto na nivarteta iti yuddha-vidhānāc ca kṣatriyasyeti cet tatrāha katham iti | bhīṣmaṃ pitāmahaṃ droṇaṃ ca vidyā-gurum | iṣubhiḥ kathaṃ yotsye ? yad imau pūjārhau puṣpādibhir abhyarcyau, parihāsa-vāgbhir api yābhyāṃ yuddhaṃ na yuktam | tābhyāṃ saheṣubhis tat kathaṃ yujyeta ? pratibadhnāti hi śreyaḥ pūjya- pūjya-pūjā-vyatikramaḥ iti smṛteś ca | madhusūdanārisūdaneti sambodhana-punar-uktiḥ | śokākulasya pūrvottarānusandhi-virahāt | tad-bhāvaś ca tvam api śatrūn eva yuddhe nihaṃsi na tūgrasena-sāndīpany-ādīn

BhG 2.5

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi tān ahatvā tava deha-yātrāpi na syād iti cet, tatrāha gurūn iti | gurūn droṇācāryādīn ahatvā para-loka-viruddhaṃ guru-vadham akṛtvā iha-loke bhaikṣyaṃ bhikṣānnam api bhoktuṃ śreya ucitam | vipakṣe tu na kevalaṃ paratra duḥkhaṃ, kintu ihaiva ca naraka-duḥkham anubhaveyam ity āha hatveti | gurūn hatvā ihaiva tu rudhireṇa pradigdhān prakarṣeṇa liptān artha-kāmātmakān bhogān ahaṃ bhuñjīya aśnīyām | yad vā artha-kāmān iti gurūṇāṃ viśeṣaṇam | artha-tṛṣṇākulatvād ete tāvad yuddhān na nivarteran tasmād etad vadhaḥ prasajyetaivety arthaḥ | tathā ca yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhīṣmeṇoktaṃ -

arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsas tv artho na kasyacit | iti satyaṃ mahārāja baddho 'smy arthena kauravaiḥ || iti [ṃBh 6.41.36] ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhīṣma-droṇayoḥ pūjārhatvaṃ gurutvenaiva, evam anyeṣām api kṛpādīnāṃ, na ca teṣāṃ gurutvena svīkāraḥ sāmpratam ucitaḥ -

iti smṛteḥ | tasmād eṣāṃ yuddha-garveṇāvaliptānām anyāya-rājya-grahaṇena śiṣya-droheṇa ca kāryākārya-viveka-śūnyānām utpatha-niṣṭhānāṃ vadha eva śreyān ity āśaṅkyāha gurūn iti |

gurūn ahatvā para-lokas tāvad asty eva | asmiṃs tu loke tair hṛta-rājyānāṃ no nṛpādīnāṃ niṣiddhaṃ bhaikṣam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataram ucitaṃ na tu tad-vadhena rājyam api śreya iti dharme 'pi yuddhe vṛtti-mātra-phalatvaṃ gṛhītvā pāpam āropya vrate |

nanv avaliptatvādinā teṣāṃ gurutvābhāva ukta ity āśaṅkyāha mahānubhāvān iti | mahānubhāvaḥ śrutādhyayana-tapa-ācārādi-nibandhanaḥ prabhāvo yeṣāṃ tān | tathā ca kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yair vaśīkṛtās teṣāṃ puṇyātiśaya-śālināṃ nāvaliptatvādi-kṣudra-pāpma-saṃśleṣa ity arthaḥ | himahānubhāvān ity ekaṃ vā padam | himaṃ jāḍyam apahantīti himahā ādityo 'gnir vā tasyaivānubhāvaḥ sāmarthyaṃ yeṣāṃ tān | tathā cātitejasvitvāt teṣām avaliptatvādi-doṣo nāsty eva |

nanu yadārtha-lubdhāḥ santo yuddhe pravṛttās tadaiṣāṃ vikrītātmanāṃ kutastyaṃ pūrvoktaṃ māhātmyaṃ, tathā coktaṃ bhīṣmeṇa yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati -

ity āśaṅkyāha hatveti | artha-lubdhā api te mad-apekṣayā guravo bhavanty eveti punar guru-grahaṇenoktam | tu-śabdo 'py arthe īdṛśān api gurūn hatvā bhogān eva bhuñjīya na tu mokṣaṃ labheya | bhujyanta iti bhogā viṣayāḥ karmaṇi ghañ | te ca bhogā ihaiva na para-loke | ihāpi ca rudhira-pradigdhā ivāpayaśo-vyāptatvenātyanta-jugupsitā ity arthaḥ | yadehāpy evaṃ tadā para-loka-duḥkhaṃ kiyad varṇanīyam iti bhāvaḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv evaṃ te yadi svarājye 'smin nāsti jighṛkṣā, tarhi kayā vṛttyā jīviṣyasīty atrāha gurūn ahatveti | guru-vadham akṛtvā bhaikṣyaṃ kṣatriyair vigītam api bhikṣānnam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ | aihika-duryaśo-lābhe 'pi pāratrikam amaṅgalaṃ tu naiva syād iti bhāvaḥ | na caiva guravo 'valiptāḥ kāryākāryam ajānantaś cādhārmika-duryodhanādy-anugatās tyājyā eva | yad uktaṃ -

guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ |

ity āha - mahānubhāvān iti | kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yair vaśīkṛtās teṣāṃ bhīṣmādīnāṃ kutas tad-doṣa-sambhava iti bhāvaḥ | nanu -

iti yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhīṣmeṇaivoktam ataḥ sāmpratam artha-kāmatvād eteṣāṃ mahānubhāvatvaṃ prāktanaṃ vigalitam ? satyam, tad apy etān hatavato mama duḥkham eva syād ity āha artha-kāmānartha-lubdhān apy etān kurūn hatvāhaṃ bhogān bhuñjīya kintv eteṣāṃ rudhireṇa pradigdhān praliptān eva | ayam arthaḥ - eteṣām artha-lubdhatve 'pi mad-gurutvam asty eva, ataevaitad-vadhe sati guru-drohiṇo mama khalu bhogo duṣkṛti-miśraḥ syād iti ||5||

baladevaḥ : nanu svarājye spṛhā cet tava nāsti tarhi deha-yātrā vā kathaṃ setsyatīti cet tatrāha gurūn iti | gurūn ahatvā guru-vadham akṛtvā sthitasya me bhaikṣyānnaṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ nindyam api bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ praśastataram | aihika-duryaśo-hetutve 'pi para-lokāvighātitvāt |

nanv ete bhīṣmādayo guravo 'pi yuddha-garvāvalepāt chadmanā yuṣmad-rājyāpahāraṃ yuṣmad-drohaṃ ca kurvatāṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ saṃsargeṇa kāryākārya-viveka-virahāc ca samprati tyājyā eva-

guror apy avaliptasya kāryākāryam ajānataḥ |

iti cet tatrāha - mahānubhāvān iti | mahān sarvotkṛṣṭo 'nubhāvo vedādhyayana-brahmacaryādi-hetukaḥ prabhāvo yeṣāṃ tān | kāla-kāmādayo 'pi yad-vaśyās teṣāṃ tad-doṣa-sambandho neti bhāvaḥ |

iti bhīṣmokter artha-lobhena vikrītātmanāṃ teṣāṃ kuto mahānubhāvatā ? tato yuddhe hantavyās te iti cet tatrāha hatvārtha-kāmān iti | artha-kāmān api gurūn hatvāham ihaiva loke bhogān bhuñjīya, na tu para-loke | tāṃś ca rudhira-pradigdhān tad-rudhira-miśrān eva, na tu śuddhān bhuñjīya tad-dhiṃsayā tal-lābhāt | tathā ca yuddha-garvāvalepādi-mattve 'pi teṣāṃ mad-gurutvam asty eveti punar guru-grahaṇena sūcyate ||5||

BhG 2.6

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadyapy adharmam aṅgīkariṣyāmaḥ tathāpi kim asmākaṃ jayaḥ parājayo vā garīyān bhaved iti na jñāyata ity āha na ced ity ādi | etad dvayor madhye no 'smākaṃ katarat kiṃ nāma garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyatīti na vidmaḥ | tad eva dvayaṃ darśayati | yad vā etān vayaṃ jayema jeṣyāmaḥ yadi vā no 'smān ete jayeyuḥ jeṣyantīti | jayo 'pi kiṃ cāsmākaṃ katarat jaya-parājayayor madhye kiṃ khalu garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyati etan na vidmaḥ | tad eva pakṣa-dvayaṃ darśayati etān vayaṃ jayema, no 'smān vā ete jayeyur iti | kiṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhikṣāśanasya kṣatriyaṃ prati niṣiddhatvād yuddhasya ca vihitatvāt svadharmatvena yuddham eva tatra śreyaskaram ity āśaṅkyāha na caitad iti | etad api na jānīmo bhaikṣa-yuddhayor madhye kataran no 'smākaṃ garīyaḥ śreṣṭham | kiṃ bhaikṣaṃ hiṃsā-śūnyatvād uta yuddhaṃ svadharmatvād iti | idaṃ ca na vidma ārabdhe 'pi yuddhe yad vā vayaṃ jayemātiśayīmahi yadi vā no 'smān jayeyur dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ | ubhayoḥ sāmya-pakṣo 'py arthād boddhavyaḥ |

kiṃ ca jāto 'pi jayo naḥ phalataḥ parājaya eva | yato yān bandhūn hatvā jīvitum api vayaṃ necchāmaḥ kiṃ punar viṣayānupabhoktum ? ta evāvasthitāḥ saṃmukhe dhārtarāṣṭrā dhṛtarāṣṭra-sambandhino bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ sarve 'pi | tasmād bhaikṣād yuddhasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ na siddham ity arthaḥ |

tad evaṃ prāktanena granthena saṃsāra-doṣa-nirūpaṇād adhikāri-viśeṣaṇāny uktāni | tatra na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ity atra raṇe hatasya parivrāṭ-samāna-yoga-kṣematvokteḥ anyac chreyo 'nyad utaiva preyaḥ [KaṭhU 2.1] ity ādi-śruti-siddhaṃ śreyo mokṣākhyam upanyastam | arthāc ca tad itarad aśreya iti nityānitya-vastu-viveko darśitaḥ, na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇety [Gītā 1.32] atraihika-phala-virāgaḥ | api trailokya-rājyasya [Gītā 1.35] hetor ity atra pāralaukika-phala-virāgaḥ | narake niyataṃ vāsa [Gītā 1.44] ity atra sthūla-dehātirikta ātmā, kiṃ no rājyena [Gītā 1.32] iti vyākhyāta-vartmanā śamaḥ | kiṃ bhogair [Gītā 1.32] iti damaḥ | yadyapy ete na paśyanti [Gītā 1.38] ity atra nirlobhatā | tan me kṣemataraṃ bhaved [Gītā 1.46] ity atra titikṣā | iti prathamādhyāyārthaḥ saṃnyāsa-sādhana-sūcanam | asmiṃs tv adhyāye śreyo bhoktuṃ bhaikṣam api [Gītā 2.5] ity atra bhikṣā-caryopalakṣitaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ pratipāditaḥ ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca guru-drohe pravṛttasyāpi mama jayaḥ parājayo vā bhaved ity api na jñāyata ity āha na caitad ity ādi | tathāpi no 'smākaṃ katarat jaya-parājayayor madhye kiṃ khalu garīyo 'dhikataraṃ bhaviṣyati etan na vidmaḥ | tad eva pakṣa-dvayaṃ darśayati -- etān vayaṃ jayema, no 'smān vā ete jayeyur iti | kiṃ ca jayo 'py asmākaṃ phalataḥ parājaya evety āha yān eveti ||6||

baladevaḥ : nanu bhaikṣa-bhojanaṃ kṣatriyasya vigarhitaṃ, yuddhaṃ ca sva-dharmaṃ vijānann api vibhāṣase iti cet tatrāha na caitad iti | etad vayaṃ na vidmaḥ | bhaikṣya-yuddhayor madhye no 'smākaṃ katarad garīyaḥ praśastataram | hiṃsā-virahād bhaikṣaṃ garīyaḥ svadharmatvād yuddhaṃ veti, etac ca na vidmaḥ | samārabdhe yuddhe vayaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrān jayema te vā no 'smān jayeyur iti |

nanu mahā-vikramiṇāṃ dharmiṣṭhānāṃ ca bhavatām eva vijayo bhāvīti cet tatrāha yān eveti | yān dhārtarāṣṭrān bhīṣmādīn sarvān | na jijīviṣāmo jīvitum api necchāmaḥ kiṃ punar bhogān bhoktum ity arthaḥ | tathā ca vijayo 'py asmākaṃ phalataḥ parājaya eveti | tasmād yuddhasya bhaikṣād garīyas tvam aprasiddham iti | evam etāvatā granthena tasmād evaṃvic chānta-dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ śraddhānvito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet iti śruti-prasiddham arjunasya jñānādhikāritvaṃ darśitam | tatra kiṃ no rājyena [Gītā 1.32] iti śama-damau | api trailokya-rājyasya [Gītā 1.35] ity aihika-pāratrika-bhogopekṣā-lakṣaṇā uparatiḥ | bhaikṣaṃ bhoktuṃ śreya iti dvandva-sahiṣṇutva-lakṣaṇā titikṣā | guru-vākya-dṛḍha-viśvāsa-lakṣaṇā śraddhā tūttara-vākye vyaktībhaviṣyati, na khalu śamādi-śūnyasya jñāne 'sty adhikāraḥ paṅgāder iva karmaṇīti ||6||

BhG 2.7

śrīdharaḥ : upadeśa-grahaṇe svādhikāraṃ sūcayati kārpaṇyety ādi | arthāt kārpaṇya-doṣopahata-svabhāvaḥ etān hatvā kathaṃ jīviṣyāma iti kārpaṇyaṃ dosaś ca svakula-kṣaya-kṛtaḥ, tābhyām upahato 'bhibhūtaḥ svabhāvaḥ śauryādi-lakṣaṇo yasya so 'haṃ tvāṃ pṛcchāmi, tathā dharme saṃmūḍhaṃ ceto yasya saḥ | yuddhaṃ tyaktvā bhikṣāṭanam api kṣatriyasya dharmo 'dharmo veti sandigdha-cittaḥ sann ity arthaḥ | ato me yan niścitaṃ śreyaḥ yuktaṃ syāt tad brūhi | kiṃ ca te 'haṃ śiṣyaḥ śāsanārhaḥ | atas tvāṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ śādhi śikṣaya ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : gurūpasadanam idānīṃ pratipādyate samadhigata-saṃsāra-doṣa-jātasyātitarāṃ nirviṇṇasya vidhivad gurum upasannasyaiva vidyā-grahaṇe 'dhikārāt | tad evaṃ bhīṣmādi-saṃkaṭa-vaśāt | vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti [BAU 3.5.1] iti śruti-siddha-bhikṣā-carye 'rjunasyābhilāṣaṃ pradarśya vidhivad gurūpasattim api tat-saṅkaṭa-vyājenaiva darśayati kārpaṇyeti |

yaḥ svalpām api citta-kṣatiṃ na kṣamate sa kṛpaṇa iti loke prasiddhaḥ | tad-vidhatvād akhilo 'nātma-vid aprāpta-puruṣārthatayā kṛpaṇo bhavati | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ | tasya bhāvaḥ kārpaṇyam anātmādhyāsavattvaṃ tan-nimitto 'smin janmany eta eva madīyās teṣu hateṣu kiṃ jīvitenety abhiniveśa-rūpo mamatā-lakṣaṇo doṣas tenopahatas tiraskṛtaḥ svabhāvaḥ kṣātro yuddhodyoga-lakṣaṇo yasya sa tathā | dharme viṣaye nirṇāyaka-pramāṇaādarśanāt saṃmūḍhaṃ kim eteṣāṃ vadho dharmaḥ kim etat-paripālanaṃ dharmaḥ | tathā kiṃ pṛthvī-paripālanaṃ dharmaḥ kiṃ vā yathāvasthito 'raṇya-nivāsa eva dharma ity ādi-saṃśayair vyāptaṃ ceto yasya sa tathā | na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīya ity atra vyākhyātam etat | evaṃvidhaḥ sann ahaṃ tvā tvām idānīṃ pṛcchāmi śreya ity anuṣaṅgaḥ |

ato yan niścitam aikāntikam ātyantikaṃ ca śreyaḥ parama-pumartha-bhūtaṃ phalaṃ syāt tan me mahyaṃ brūhi | sādhanānantaram avaśyambhāvitvam aikāntikatavaṃ, jātasyāvināśa ātyantikatvam | yathā hy auṣadhe kṛte kadācid roga-nivṛttir na bhaved api jātāpi ca roga-nivṛttiḥ punar api rogotpattyā vināśyate | evaṃ kṛte 'pi yāge pratibandha-vaśāt svargo na bhaved api jāto 'pi svargo duḥkhākrānto naśyati ceti naikāntikatvam ātyantikatvaṃ vā tayoḥ | tad uktam -

duḥkha-trayābhighātāj jijñāsā tad-apaghātake hetau |

dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy avaiśuddhi-kṣayātiśaya-yuktaḥ |

nanu tvaṃ mama sakhā na tu śiṣyo 'ta āha śiṣyas te 'ham iti | tvad-anuśāsanayogyatvād ahaṃ tava śiṣya eva bhavāmi na sakhā nyūna-jñānatvāt | atas tvāṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ śādhi śikṣaya karuṇayā na tv aśiṣyatva-śaṅkayopekṣaṇīyo 'ham ity arthaḥ | etena - tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham [ṃuṇḍU 1.2.11], bhṛgur vai vāruṇiḥ | varuṇaṃ pitaram upasasāra | adhīhi bhagavo brahmeti [TaittU 3.1] ity ādi-gurūpasatti-pratipādakaḥ śruty-artho darśitaḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhi sopapattikaṃ śāstrārthaṃ tvam eva bruvāṇaḥ kṣatriyo bhūtvā bhikṣāṭanaṃ niścinoṣi tarhy alaṃ mad-uktyeti tatrāha kārpaṇyeti | svābhāvikasya śauryasya tyāga eva me kārpaṇyam | dharmasya sūkṣmā gatir ity ato dharma-vyavasthāyām apy ahaṃ mūḍha-buddhir evāsmi | atas tvam eva niścitya śreyo brūhi |

nanu mad-vācas tvaṃ paṇḍata-mānitvena khaṇḍayasi cet, kathaṃ brūyām ? tatrāha śiṣyas te 'ham asmi | nātaṃ paraṃ vṛthā khaṇḍayāmīti bhāvaḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : atha tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham [ṃuṇḍU 1.2.11], ācāryavān puruṣo veda [Chā 6.14.2] ity ādi śruti-siddhāṃ gurūpasattiṃ darśayati kārpaṇyeti | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śravaṇād abrahmavittvaṃ kārpaṇyam | tena hetunā yo doṣo yān eva hatveti bandhu-vargam amatālakṣaṇas tenopahata-svabhāvo yuddha-spṛhā-lakṣaṇaḥ svadharmo yasya saḥ | dharme saṃmūḍhaṃ kṣatriyasya me yuddhaṃ svadharmas tad vihāya bhikṣāṭanaṃ vety evaṃ sandihānaṃ ceto yasya saḥ | īdṛśaḥ sann ahaṃ tvām idānīṃ pṛcchāmi - tasmān niścitaṃ ekāntikaṃ ātyantikaṃ yan me śreyaḥ syāt tat tvaṃ brūhi | sādhanottaram avaśyaṃbhāvitvaṃ aikāntikatvaṃ, bhūtasyāvināśitvaṃ ātyantikatvam |

nanu śaraṇāgatasyopadeśaḥ tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet ity ādi-śruteḥ | sakhāyaṃ tvāṃ katham upadiśāmīti cet tatrāha śiṣyas te 'ham iti | śādhi śikṣaya ||7||

BhG 2.8

śrīdharaḥ : tvam eva vicārya yad yuktaṃ tat kurv iti cet, tatrāha na hi prapaśyāmīti | indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam atiśoṣaṇa-karaṃ madīyaṃ śokaṃ yat karma apanudyāt apanayet tad ahaṃ na prapaśyāmīti | yadyapi bhūmau niṣkaṇṭakaṃ samṛddhaṃ rājyaṃ prāpsyāmi | tathā surendratvam api yadi prāpsyāmi evam abhīṣṭaṃ tat tat sarvam avāpyāpi śokāpanodanopāyaṃ na prapaśyāmīty anvayaḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu svayam eva tvaṃ śreyo vicāraya śruta-sampanno 'si kiṃ para-śiṣyatvenety ata āha nahīti | yac-chreyaḥ prāptaṃ sat-kartṛ mama śokam apanudyād apanuden nivārayet tan na paśyāmi hi yasmāt tasmān māṃ śādhīti so 'haṃ bhagavaḥ śocāmi taṃ mā bhagavāñ chokasya pāraṃ tārayatu [ChāU 7.1.3] iti śruty-artho darśitaḥ | śokānapanode ko doṣa ity āśaṅkya tad-viśeṣaṇam āha indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam iti | sarvadā santāpa-karam ity arthaḥ |

nanu yuddhe prayatamānasya tava śoka-nivṛttir bhaviṣyati jeṣyasi cet tadā rājya-prāptyā dvāv etau puruṣau loke ity ādi-dharma-śāstrād ity āśaṅkyāha avāpyety ādinā | śatru-varjitaṃ sasyādi-sampannaṃ ca rājyaṃ tathā surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ hiraṇyagarbhatva-paryantam aiśvaryam avāpya sthitasyāpi mama yac chokam apanudyāt tan na paśyāmīty anvayaḥ | tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [Chā 8.1.6] iti śruteḥ | yat-kṛtakaṃ tad-anityam ity anumānāt pratyakṣeṇāpy aihikānāṃ vināśa-darśanāc ca naihika āmutriko vā bhogaḥ śoka-nivartakaḥ kintu sva-sattā-kāle 'pi bhoga-pāratantryādinā vināśa-kāle 'pi vicchedāc choka-janaka eveti na yuddhaṃ śoka-nivṛttaye 'nuṣṭheyam ity arthaḥ | etenehāmutra-bhoga-virāgo 'dhikāri-viśeṣaṇatvena darśitaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu mayi tava sakhya-bhāva eva, na tu gauravam | atas tvāṃ katham ahaṃ śiṣyaṃ karomi ? tasmād yatra tava gauravaṃ taṃ kam api dvaipāyanādikaṃ prapadyasva ity ata āha na hīti | mama śokam apanudyāt dūrīkuryād evaṃ janaṃ na prakarṣeṇa paśyāmi trijagaty ekaṃ tvāṃ vinā | svasmād adhika-buddhimantaṃ bṛhaspatim api na jānāmīty ataḥ śokārta eva khalu kaṃ prapadyeya iti bhāvaḥ | yad yataḥ śokād indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇaṃ mahā-nidāghāt kṣudra-sarasām iva utkarṣeṇa śoṣo bhavati |

nanu tarhi sāmprataṃ tvaṃ śokārta eva khalu yudhyasva | tataś caitān jitvā rājyaṃ prātavatas tava rājya-bhogābhiniveśenaiva śoko 'payāsyatīty āha avāpyeti | bhūmau niṣkaṇṭakaṃ rājyaṃ svarge surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ vā prāpyāpi sthitasya mamendriyāṇām etad ucchoṣaṇam evety arthaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : nanu tvaṃ śāstrajño 'si sva-hitaṃ vicāryānutiṣṭha, sakhyur me śiṣyaḥ kathaṃ bhaver iti cet tatrāha na hīti | yat karma mama śokam apanudyād dūrīkuryāt tad ahaṃ na prapaśyāmi | śokaṃ viśinaṣṭi - indriyāṇām ucchoṣaṇam iti | tasmāc choka-vināśāya tvāṃ prapanno 'smīti | itthaṃ ca so 'haṃ bhagavaḥ śocāmi taṃ māṃ bhavān śokasya pāraṃ tārayatu iti śruty-artho darśitaḥ |

nanu tvam adhunā śokākulaḥ prapadyase yuddhāt sukha-samṛddhi-lābhe viśoko bhaviṣyasīti cet tatrāha avāpyeti | yadi yuddhe vijayī syāṃ tadā bhūmāv asapatnaṃ niṣkaṇṭakaṃ rājyaṃ prāpya yadi ca tatra hataḥ syāṃ tadā svarge surāṇām ādhipatyaṃ prāpya sthitasya me viśokatvaṃ na bhaved ity arthaḥ | tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [ChāU 8.1.6] iti śruter naihikaṃ pāratrikaṃ vā yuddha-labdhaṃ sukhaṃ śokāpahaṃ tasmāt tādṛśam eva śreyastvaṃ brūhīti na yuddhaṃ śoka-haram ||8||

BhG 2.9

śrīdharaḥ : evam uktvārjunaḥ kiṃ kṛtavān ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ity ādi | spaṣṭārthaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad-anantaram arjunaḥ kiṃ kṛtavān iti dhṛtarāṣṭrākāṅkṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam ity ādi | guḍākeśo jitālasyaḥ parantapaḥ śatru-tāpano 'rjuno hṛṣīkeśaṃ sarvendriya-pravartakatvenāntaryāmiṇaṃ govindaṃ gāṃ veda-lakṣaṇāṃ vāṇīṃ vindatīti vyutpattyā sarva-vedopādānatvena sarvajñam ādāv evaṃ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhya ity ādinā yuddha-svarūpāyogyatām uktvā tad-anantaraṃ na yotsya iti yuddha-phalābhāvaṃ coktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva bāhyendriya-vyāpārasya yuddhārthaṃ pūrvaṃ kṛtasya nivṛttyā nirvyāpāro jāta ity arthaḥ | svabhāvato jitālasye sarva-śatru-tāpane ca tasminn āgantukam ālasyam atāpakatvaṃ ca nāspadam ādhāsyatīti dyotayituṃ ha-śabdaḥ | govinda-hṛṣīkeśa-padābhyāṃ sarvajñatva-sarva-śaktitva-sūcakābhyāṃ bhagavatas tan-mohāpanodanam anāyāsa-sādhyam iti sūcitam ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : tato 'rjunaḥ kim akarod ity apekṣāyāṃ sañjaya uvāca evam uktvety ādi | guḍākeśo hṛṣīkeśaṃ prati evaṃ na hi prapaśyāmīty ādinā yuddhasya śokānivartakatvam uktvā parantapo 'pi govindaṃ sarva-vedajñaṃ prati na yotsye iti coktveti yojyam | tatra hṛṣīkeśatvād buddhiṃ yuddhe pravartayiṣyati | sarva-veda-vittvād yuddhe sva-dharmatvaṃ grāhayiṣyatīti vyajya dhṛtarāṣṭra-hṛdi saṃjātā sva-putra-rājyāśā nirasyate ||9||

BhG 2.10

śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyām āha tam uvāceti | prahasann iva prasanna-mukhaḥ sann ity arthaḥ ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yuddham upekṣitavaty apy arjune bhagavān nopekṣitavān iti dhṛtarāṣṭra-durāśā-nirāsāyā 'ha tam uvāceti | senayor ubhayor madhye yuddhodyamenāgatya tad-virodhinaṃ viṣādaṃ mohaṃ prāpnuvantaṃ tam arjunaṃ prahasann ivānucitācāraṇa-prakāśanena lajjāmbudhau majjayann iva hṛṣīkeśaḥ sarvāntaryāmī bhagavān idaṃ vakṣyamāṇam aśocyān ity ādi vacaḥ parama-gambhīrārtham anucitācaraṇa-prakāśakam uktavān na t”pekṣitavān ity arthaḥ |

anucitācaraṇa-prakāśanena lajjotpādanaṃ prahāsaḥ | lajjā ca duḥkhātmiketi dveṣa-viṣaya eva sa mukhyaḥ | arjunasya tu bhagavat-kṛpā-viṣayatvād anucitācaraṇa-prakāśanasya ca vivekotpatti-hetutvād eka-dalābhāvena gauṇa evāyaṃ prahāsa iti kathayitum iva-śabdaḥ | lajjām utpādayitum iva vivkam utpādayitum arjunasyānucitācaraṇaṃ bhagavatā prakāśyate | lajjotpattis tu nāntarīyakatayāstu māstu veti na vivakṣiteti bhāvaḥ |

yadi hi yuddhārambhāt prāg eva sthito yuddham upekṣeta tadā nānucitaṃ kuryāt | mahatā saṃrambheṇa tu yuddha-bhūmāv āgatya tad-upekṣaṇam atīvānucitam iti kathayituṃ senayor ity ādi-viśeṣaṇam | etac cāśocyānityādau spaṣṭaṃ bhaviṣyati ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : aho tvāpy etāvān khalv aviveka iti sakhya-bhāvena taṃ prahasan anaucitya-prakāśena lajjāmbudhau nimajjayan iveti tadānīṃ śiṣya-bhāvaṃ prāpte tasmin hāsyam anucitam ity adharoṣṭha-nikuñcanena hāsyam āvṛṇvaṃś cety arthaḥ | hṛṣīkeśa iti pūrvaṃ premāivārjuna-vāṅ-niyamyo 'pi sāmpratam arjuna-hita-kāritvāt premṇaivārjuna-mano-niyantāpi bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | senayor ubhayor madhe ity arjunasya viṣādo bhagavatā prabodhaś ca ubhābhyāṃ senābhyāṃ sāmānyato dṛṣṭa eveti bhāvaḥ ||10||

baladevaḥ : vyaṅgam arthaṃ prakāśayann āha tam uvāceti taṃ viṣīdantam arjunaṃ prati hṛṣīkeśo bhagavān aśocyān ity ādikam atigambhīrārthaṃ vacanam uvāca | ahotavāpīdṛg vivekaḥ iti sakhya-bhāvena prahasan | anaucitya-bhāṣitvena trapā-sindhau nimajjayan ity arthaḥ | iveti tadaiva śiṣyatāṃ prāpte tasmin hāsānaucityādīṣad adharollāsaṃ kurvann ity arthaḥ | arjunasya viṣādo bhagavatā tasyopadeśaś ca sarva-sākṣika iti bodhayituṃ senayor ubhayor ity etat ||10||

BhG 2.11

śrīdharaḥ : dehātmanor avivekād asyaivaṃ śoko bhavatīti tad-viveka-darśanārthaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca aśocyān ity ādi | śokasyāviṣayī-bhūtān eva bandhūn tvam anvaśocaḥ anuśocitavān asi dṛṣṭvemān svajanān kṛṣṇa ity ādinā | tatra kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam ity ādinā mayā bodhito 'pi punaś ca prajñāvatāṃ paṇḍitānāṃ vādān śabdān kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādīn kevalaṃ bhāṣase, na tu paṇḍito 'si, yataḥ gatāsūn gata-prāṇān bandhūn agatāsūṃś ca jīvato 'pi, bandhu-hīnā ete kathaṃ jīviṣyantīti nānuśocanti paṇḍitā vivekinaḥ ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : HERE

viśvanāthaḥ : bho arjuna ! tavāyaṃ bandha-vadha-hetukaḥ śoko bhrama-mūlaka eva, tathā kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādiko vivekaś cāprajñā-mūlaka evety āha aśocyān ity ādi | aśocyān śokānārhān eva tvam anvaśoco 'nuśocitavān asi | tathā tvāṃ prabodhayantaṃ māṃ prati prajñā-vādān prajñāyāṃ satyām eva ye vādāḥ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādīni vākyāni tān bhāṣase, na tu tava kāpi prajñā vartate iti bhāvaḥ | yataḥ paṇḍitāḥ prajñāvanto gatāsūn gatā niḥsṛtā bhavanty asavo yebhyas tān sthūla-dehān na śocanti, teṣāṃ naśvara-bhāvatvād iti bhāvaḥ | agatāsūn aniḥsṛta-prāṇān sūkṣma-dehān api na śocanti, te hi mukteḥ pūrvaṃ naśvarā eva | ubhayeṣām api tathā tathā svabhāvasya duṣpariharatvāt | mūrkhās tu pirtrādi-dehebhyaḥ prāṇeṣu niḥsṛteṣv eva śocanti, sūkṣma-dehāṃs tu na, te prāyaḥ paricinvantyas atas tair alam | ete hi sarve bhīṣmādayaḥ sthūla-sūkṣma-deha-sahitā ātmāna eva | ātmanāṃ tu ityatvāt teṣu śoka-pravṛttir eva nāstīty atas tvayā yat pūrvam artha-śāstrāt dharma-śāstraṃ balavad ity uktaṃ tatra mayā tu dharma-śāstrād api jñāna-śāstraṃ balavad ity ucyata iti bhāvaḥ ||11||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ arjune tūṣṇīṃ sthite tad-buddhim ākṣipan bhagavān āha aśocyān iti | he arjuna ! aśocyān śocitum ayogyān eva dhārtarāṣṭrāṃs tvaṃ anvaśocaḥ śocitavān asi | tathā māṃ prati prajñā-vādān prajñāvatām iva vacanāni dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanam ity ādīni, kathaṃ bhīṣmam ity ādīni ca bhāṣase, na ca te prajñā-leśo 'py astīti bhāvaḥ | ye tu prajñāvantas te gatāsūn nirgata-prāṇān sthūla-dehān, agatāsūṃś cānirgata-prāṇān sūkṣma-dehāṃś ca, śabdād ātmanaś ca na śocanti | ayam arthaḥ - śokaḥ sthūla-dehānāṃ vināśitvāt, nāntyaḥ sūkṣma-dehānāṃ mukteḥ prāg avaināśitvāt tadvatām ātmanāṃ tu ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-varjitānāṃ nityatvān na śocyāteti | dehātma-svabhāva-vidāṃ na ko 'pi śoka-hetuḥ | yad-artha-śāstrād dharma-śāstrasya balavattvam ucyate | tat kila tato 'pi balavatā jñāna-śāstreṇa pratyucyate | tasmād aśocye śocya-bhramaḥ pāmara-sādhāraṇaḥ paṇḍitasya te na yogya iti bhāvaḥ ||11||

BhG 2.12

śrīdharaḥ : aśocyatve hetum āha na tv evāham iti | yathāhaṃ parameśvaro jātu kadācit līlā-vigrahasyāvirbhāva-tirobhāvato nāsam iti tu naiva | api tv āsam eva anāditvāt | na ca tvaṃ nāsīḥ nābhūḥ, api tv āsīr eva | ime vā janādhipā nṛpā nāsann iti na, api tu āsann eva mad-aṃśatvāt | tathātaḥ param ita upary api na bhaviṣyāmo na sthāsyāma iti ca naiva, api tu sthāsyāma eveti janma-maraṇa-śūnyatvād aśocyā ity arthaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : athavā sakhe tvām aham evaṃ pṛcchāmi | kiṃ ca prītyāspadasya maraṇe dṛṣṭe sati śoko jāyate, tatreha prītyāspadam ātmā deho vā ? sarveṣām eva bhūtānāṃ nṛpa svātmaiva vallabhaḥ [BhP 10.14.57] iti śukokter ātmaiva prīty-āspadam iti cet tarhi jīveśvara-bhedena dvividhasyaivātmano nityatvād eva maraṇābhāvād ātmā śokasya viṣayo nety āha na tv evāham iti | ahaṃ paramātmā jātu kadācid api pūrvaṃ nāsam iti na, api tv āsam eva | tathā tvam api jīvātmā āsīr eva | tatheme janādhipā rājānaś ca jīvātmāna āsann eveti prāg-abhāvābhāvo darśitaḥ | tathā sarve vayam ahaṃ tvam ime janādhipāś cātaḥ paraṃ na bhaviṣyāmo na sthāsyāma iti na, api tu sthāsyāma eveti dhvaṃsābhāvaś ca darśita iti paramātmano jīvātmanāṃ ca nityatvād ātmā na śoka-viṣaya iti sādhitam | atra śrutayaḥ - nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] ity ādyāḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ : evam asthāna-śocitvād apāṇḍityam arjunasyāpādya tattva-jijñāsuṃ niyojitāñjaliṃ taṃ prati sarveśvaro bhagavān nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] iti śruti-siddhaṃ svasmāj jīvānāṃ ca pāramarthikaṃ bhedam āha na tv evāham iti | he arjuna ! ahaṃ sarveśvaro bhagavān itaḥ pūrvasminn ādau kāle jātu kadācin nāsam iti na, api tv āsam eva | tathā tvam arjuno nāsīr iti na, kintv āsīr eva | ime janādhipā rājāno nāsann iti na, kintv āsann eva | tathetaḥ parasminn ante kāle sarve vayam ahaṃ ca tvaṃ ca ime ca na bhaviṣyāma iti na, kintu bhaviṣyāma eveti | sarveśvaravaj jīvānāṃ ca traikālika-sattā-yogitvāt tad-viṣayako na śoko yukta ity arthaḥ | na cāvidyā-kṛtatvād vyavahāriko 'yaṃ bhedaḥ | sarvajñe bhagavaty avidyā-yogāt | idaṃ jñānam upāśritya ity ādinā mokṣe 'pi tasyābhidāsyamānatvāc ca | na cābhedajñasyāpi harer bādhitānuvṛtti-nyāyeneyam arjunādi-bheda-dṛṣṭir iti vācyam | tathā saty upadeśāsiddheḥ | maru-marīcikādāv udaka-buddhir bādhitāpy anuvartamānā mithyārtha-viṣayatva-niścayān nodakāharaṇādau pravartayed evam abheda-bodha-bādhitāpy anuvartamānārjunādi-bheda-dṛṣṭis tattva-niścayān nopadeśādau pravartayiṣyatīti yat kiñcid etat |

nanu phalavaty ajñāte 'rthe śāstra-tātparya-vīkṣaṇāt tādṛśo 'bhedas tātparya-viṣayo vaiphalyāj jñātatvāc ca | bhedas tad-viṣayo na syāt, kintu adbhyo vā eṣa prātar udety apaḥ sāyaṃ praviśati ity ādi-śruty-arthavad anuvādya eva sa iti cen mandam etat | pṛthag ātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā juṣṭas tatas tenāmṛtatvam eti [ŚvetU 1.6] ity ādinā bheda evāmṛtatva-phala-śravaṇāt | viruddha-dharmāvacchinna-pratiyogikatayā loke tasyājñātatvāc ca | te ca dharmā vibhutvāṇutva-svāmitva-bhṛtyatvādayaḥ śāstraika-gamyā mitho viruddhā bodhyāḥ | abhedas tv aphalas tatra phalānaṅgīkārāt | ajñātaś ca śaśa-śṛṅgavad asattvāt | tasmāt paramārthikas tad-bhedaḥ siddhaḥ ||12||

BhG 2.13

śrīdharaḥ : nanv īśvarasya tava janmādi-śūnyatvaṃ satyam eva, jīvānāṃ tu janma-maraṇe prasiddhe | tatrāha dehina ity ādi | dehino dehābhimānino jīvasya yathāsmin sthūla-dehe kaumārādy-avasthās tad-deha-nibandhanā eva, na tu svataḥ, pūrvāvāsthā-nāśe |vasthāntarotpattāv api sa evāham iti pratyabhijñānāt | tathaiva etad-deha-nāśe dehāntara-prāptir api liṅga-deha-nibandhanaiva | na tāvad ātmano nāśaḥ, jāta-mātrasya pūrva-saṃskāreṇa stanya-pānādau pravṛtti-darśanāt | ato dhīro dhīmān tatra tayor deha-nāśotpattyor na muhyati | ātmaiva mṛto jātaś ceti na manyate ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu cātma-sambandhena deho 'pi prīty-āspadaṃ syāt, deha-sambandhena putra-bhrātrādayo 'pi, tat-sambandhena tat-putrādayo 'pi | atas teṣāṃ nāśe śokaḥ syād eveti ced ata āha dehina iti | dehino jīvasyāsmin dehe kaumāra kaumāraṃ kaumāra-prāptir bhavati, tataḥ kaumāra-nāśānantaraṃ jarā-prāptir yathā tathaiva dehāntara-prāptir iti | tatas cātma-sambandhināṃ kaumārādīnāṃ prīty-āspadānāṃ nāśe yathā śoko na kriyate tathā dehasyāpi ātma-sambandhinaḥ prītyāspadasya nāśe śoko na kartavyaḥ | yauvanasya nāśe jarā-prāptau śoko jāyate iti cet kaumārasya nāśe yauvana-prāptau harṣo 'pi jāyate ity ato bhīṣma-droṇādīnāṃ jīrṇa-deha-nāśe khalu navya-dehāntara-prāptau tarhi harṣaḥ kriyatām iti bhāvaḥ | yad vā, ekasminn api dehe kaumārādīnāṃ yathā prāptis tathaivaikasyāpi dehino jīvasya nānā-dehānāṃ prāptir iti ||13||

baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādi-dehāvacchinnānām ātmanāṃ nityatve 'pi tad-dehānāṃ tad-bhogāyatanānāṃ nāśe yuktaḥ śoka iti cet tatrāha dehino 'sminn iti | traikālikā bahavo dehā yasya santi, tasya dehino jīvasyāsmin vartamāne dehe kramāt kaumāra-yauvana-jarās tisro 'vasthā bhavanti | tāsām ātma-sambandhināṃ tad-bhogopayuktānāṃ pūrva-pūrva-vināśena para-para-prāptau yathā na śokas tathaiva tad-deha-vināśe sati dehāntara-prāptir yayāti-yauvana-prāpti-nyāyena harṣa-hetur eveti, na tad-deha-vināśa-hetukaḥ śokas tavocita iti bhāvaḥ | dhīro dhīmān deha-svabhāva-jīva-karma-vipāka-svarūpa-jñaḥ | atra dehina ity eka-vacanaṃ jāty-abhiprāyeṇa bodhyaṃ pūrvatrātma-bahutvokteḥ |

atrāhuḥ - eka eva viśuddhātmā tasyāvidyayāparicchinnasya tasyāṃ pratibimbitasya vā nānātmatvam | śrutiś caivam āha ākāśam ekaṃ hi yathā ghaṭādiṣu pṛthag bhavet, tathātmaiko hy anekastho jalādhāreṣv ivāṃśumān iti | tad-vijñānena tasya vināśe tu tan-nānātva-nivṛttyā tad-aikyaṃ sidhyatīty eka-vacanenaitat pārtha-sārathir āheti | tan-mandaṃ jaḍayā tayā caitanya-rāśeś chedāsambhavāt | tair api tad-viṣayatvānaṅgīkārāc ca | vāstave cchede vikāritvādy-āpattiḥ ṭaṅka-chinna-pāṣāṇavat syāt - nīrūpasya vibhoḥ pratibimbāsambhavāc ca | anyathākāśādi-gādīnāṃ tad-āpattiḥ | na ca pratīty-anyathānupapattir evākāśasya pratibimbe mānaṃ tad-varti-graha-nakṣatra-prabhā-maṇḍalaṃ tasyiavāmbhasi bhāsamānatvena pratīteḥ | ākāśam ekaṃ hi iti śrutis tu paramātma-viṣayā tasyākāśavat sūryavac ca bahu-vṛttikatvaṃ vadatīty aviruddham | na cātmaikyasyopadeṣṭā sambhavati | sa hi tattvavin na vā ? ādye 'dvitīyam ātmānaṃ vijānatas tasyopadeśyāpari-sphūrtiḥ | antye tv ajñatvād eva nātma-jñānopadeṣṭṛtvam | bādhitānuvṛttyāśrayaṇaṃ tu pūrva-nirastam ||13||

BhG 2.14

śrīdharaḥ : nanu tān ahaṃ na śocāmi, kintu tad-viyogādi-duḥkha-bhājaṃ mām eveti cet tatrāha mātrā-sparśā iti | mīyante jāyante viṣayā ābhir iti mātrā indriya-vṛttayaḥ, tāsāṃ sparśā viṣayeṣu sambaddhāḥ, te śītoṣṇādi-pradā bhavanti | te tu āgamāpāyitvād anityā asthirāḥ | atas tān titikṣasva sahasva | yathā jalātapādi-saṃsargās tat-tat-kāla-kṛtāḥ svabhāvataḥ śītoṣṇādi prayacchanti evam iṣṭa-saṃyoga-viyogā api sukha-duḥkhāni prayacchanti, teṣāṃ cāsthiratvāt sahanaṃ tava dhīrasyocitaṃ na tu tan-nimitta-harṣa-viṣāda-pāravaśyam ity arthaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu satyam eva tattvam | tad apy avivekino mama mana evānarthakāni vṛtahiva śoka-moha-vyāptaṃ duḥkhayatīti | tatra na kevalam ekaṃ mana evāpi tu manaso vṛttayo 'pi sarvās tv agādīndriya-rūpāḥ sva-viṣayān anubhāvyānarthakāriṇya ity āha mātrā indriya-grāhya-viṣayās teṣāṃ sparśā anubhavāḥ | śītoṣṇety āgamāpāyina iti yad eva śītala-jalādikam uṣṇa-kāle sukhadam | tad eva śīta-kāle duḥkhadam ato 'niyatatvād āgamāpāyitvāc ca tān viṣayānubhavān titikṣasva sahasva | teṣāṃ sahanam eva śāstra-vihito dharmaḥ | nahi māghe māsi jalasya duḥkhatva-buddhyaiva śāstre vihitaḥ snāna-rūpo dharmas tyajyate | dharma eva kāle sarvānartha-nivartako bhavati | evam eva ye putra-bhrātrādyotpatti-kāle dhanādy-upārjana-kāle ca sukhadās ta eva mṛtyu-kāle duḥkhadā āgamāpāyino 'nityās tān api titikṣasva | na tu tad-anurodhena yuddha-rūpaḥ śāstra-vihitaḥ sva-dharmas tyājyo vihita-dharmānācaraṇaṃ khalu kāle mahānarthakṛd eveti bhāvaḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādayo mṛtāḥ kathaṃ bhaviṣyantīti tad-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śoko mābhūt | tad-viccheda-duḥkha-nimittas tu me mana-prabhṛtīni pradahantīti cet tatrāha mātreti | mātrās tv agādīndriya-vṛttayaḥ mīyante paricchidyante viṣayā abhir iti vyutpatteḥ | sparśās tābhir viṣayāṇām anubhavānte khalu śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhadā bhavanti | yad eva śītalam udakaṃ grīṣme sukhadaṃ tad eva hemante duḥkhadam ity ato 'niyatatvād āgamāpāyitvāc cānityān asthirāṃs tān titikṣasva sahasva | etad uktaṃ bhavati māgha-snānaṃ duḥkha-karam api dharmatayā vidhānād yathā kriyate tathā bhīṣmādibhiḥ saha yuddhaṃ duḥkha-karam api tathā vidhānāt kāryam eva | tatratyo duḥkhānubhavas tv āgantuko dharma-siddhatvāt soḍhavyaḥ | dharmāj jñānodayena mokṣa-lābhe tūttaratra tasya nānuvṛttiś ca jñāna-niṣṭhā paripākaṃ vinaiva dharma-tyāgas tv anartha-hetur iti | kaunteya bhārateti padābhyām ubhaya-kula-śuddhasya te dharma-bhraṃśo nocita iti sūcyate ||14||

BhG 2.15

śrīdharaḥ : tat-pratikāra-prayatnād api tat-sahanam evocitaṃ mahā-phalatvād ity āha yaṃ hīti | ete mātrā-sparśā yaṃ puruṣaṃ na vyathayanti nābhibhavanti | same duḥkha-sukhe sa tam | sa tair avikṣipyamāṇo dharma-jñāna-dvārā amṛtatvāya mokṣāya kalpate yogyo bhavati ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ vicāreṇa tat-tat-sahanābhyāse sati te viṣayānubhavāḥ kāle kila nāpi duḥkhayanti | yadi ca na duḥkhayanti, tadātma-muktiḥ sva-pratyāsannaivety āha yam iti | amṛtatvāya mokṣāya ||15||

baladevaḥ : dharmārtha-duḥkha-sahanābhyāsasyottaratra sukha-hetutvaṃ darśayann āha yaṃ hīti | ete mātrā-sparśāḥ priyāpriya-viṣayānubhāvā yaṃ dhīraṃ dhiyam īrayati dharmeṣv iti vyutpatter dharma-niṣṭhaṃ puruṣaṃ na vyathayanti sukha-duḥkha-mūrcchitaṃ na kurvanti so 'mṛtatvāya muktaye kalpyate | na tu tādṛśo duḥkha-sukha-mūrcchita ity arthaḥ | uktam arthaṃ sphuṭayan puruṣaṃ viśinaṣṭi sameti | dharmānuṣṭhānasya kaṣṭa-sādhyatvād duḥkham anuṣaṅga-labdhaṃ sukhaṃ ca yasya samaṃ bhavati tābhyāṃ

BhG 2.16

śrīdharaḥ : nanu tathāpi śītoṣṇādikam atiduḥsahaṃ kathaṃ soḍhavyam | atyantaṃ tat-sahane ca kadācid deha-nāśaḥ syād ity āśaṅkya tattva-vicārataḥ sarvaṃ soḍhuṃ śakyam ity āśayenāha nāsato vidyata iti | asato 'nātma-dharmatvād avidyamānasya śītoṣṇāder ātmani bhāvaḥ sattā na vidyate | tathā sataḥ sat-svabhāvasyātmano 'bhāvo nāśo na vidyate | evam ubhayoḥ sad-asator anto nirṇayo dṛṣṭaḥ | kaiḥ ? tattva-darśibhiḥ vastu-yāthārthya-vedibhiḥ | evambhūta-vivekena sahasvety arthaḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : etac ca viveka-daśān adhirūḍhān prati uktam | vastutas tu asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ iti śruter jīvātmanaś ca sthūla-sūkṣma-dehābhyāṃ tad-dharmaiḥ śoka-mohādibhiś ca sambandho nāsty eva | tat-sambandhasya avidyā kalpitatvād ity āha neti | asato 'nātma-dharmatvād ātmani jīve avartamānasya śoka-mohādes tad-āśrayasya dehasya ca bhāvaḥ sattā nāsti | tathā sataḥ satya-rūpasya jīvātmano 'bhāvo nāśo nāsti | tasmād ubhayor etayor asat-sator anto nirṇayo 'yaṃ dṛṣṭaḥ | tena bhīṣmādiṣu tvad-ādiṣu ca jīvātmasu satyatvād anaśvareṣu deha-daihika-viveka-śoka-mohādayo naiva santi kathaṃ bhīṣmādayo naṅkṣanti | kathaṃ

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ bhagavatā pārthasyāsthānāśocitvena tat-pāṇḍityam ākṣiptam | śoka-haraṃ ca svopāsanam eva tac copāsopāsaka-bheda-ghaṭitam ity upāsyāj jīvāṃśinaḥ svasmād upāsakānāṃ jīvāṃśānāṃ tāttvikaṃ dvaitam upadiṣṭam | atha yad ātma-tattvena tu brahma-tattvaṃ dīpopameneha yuktaḥ prapaśyet [ŚvetU 2.15] ity ādāv aṃśa-svarūpa-jñānasyāṃśi-svarūpa-jñānopayogitva-śravaṇāt tad ādau saniṣṭhādīn sarvān pratyaviśeṣeṇopadeśyaṃ tac ca dehātmanor vaidharmya-dhiyam antarā na syād iti tad-vaidharmya-bodhāyārabhyate nāsata ity ādibhiḥ | asataḥ pariṇāmino dehāder bhāvo 'pariṇāmitvaṃ na vidyate | sato ' pariṇāmina ātmanas tv abhāvaḥ pariṇāmitvaṃ na vidyate | dehātmānau pariṇāmāpariṇāma-svabhāvau bhavataḥ | evam ubhayor asat-sac-chabditayor dehātmanor anto nirṇayas tattva-darśibhis tad-ubhaya-svabhāva-vedibhiḥ puruṣair dṛṣṭo 'nubhūtaḥ | atrāsac-chabdena vinaśvaraṃ dehādi jaḍaṃ sac-chabdena tv avinaśvaram ātma-caitanyam ucyate | evam eva śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇe 'pi nirṇītaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ jyotīṃṣi viṣṇur bhuvanāni viṣṇur [ViP 2.12.38] ity upakramya yad asti yan nāsti ca vipra-varya [?] ity asti | nāsti-śabda-vācyayoś cetana-jaḍayos tathātvaṃ vastv asti kiṃ kutradcid ity ādibhir nirūpitaḥ | tatra nāsti śabda-vācyaṃ jaḍam | asti-śabdavātyaṃ tu caitanyam iti svayam eva vivṛtam | yat tu sat-kārya-vāda-sthāpanāyai tat-padyam ity āhus tan-niravadhānaṃ dehātma-svabhāvānabhijñāna-mohitaṃ prati tan-moha-vinivṛttaye tat-svabhāvābhijñāpanasya prakṛtatvāt ||16||

BhG 2.17

śrīdharaḥ : atra sat-svabhāvam avināśi vastu sāmānyenoktaṃ tataṃ tat-sākṣitvena vyāptaṃ taṃ tu ātma-svarūpam avināśi vināśa-śūnyaṃ viddhi jānīhi | tatra hetum āha vināśam iti ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ ity asyārthaṃ spaṣṭayati avināśīti | taṃ jīvātma-svarūpaṃ yena sarvam idaṃ śarīraṃ tataṃ vyāptam | nanu śarīra-mātra-vyāpi-caitanyatve jīvātmano madhyama-parimāṇatvena anityatva-prasaktiḥ ? maivam | sūkṣmāṇām apy ahaṃ jīvaḥ iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | eṣoṇur ātmā cetasā veditavyo yasmin prāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa iti,

bālāgra-śata-bhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca | bhāgo jīvaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ [ŚvetU 5.9] iti,

ārāgra-mātro hy aparo 'pi dṛṣṭaḥ iti śrutibhyaś ca tasya paramāṇu-parimāṇatvam eva | tad api sampūrṇa-deha-vyāpi-śaktimattvaṃ jatu-jaṭitasya mahā-maṇer mahauṣadhi-khaṇḍasya vā śirasy urasi vā dhṛtasya sampūrṇa-deha-puṣṭi-karaṇa-śaktimattvam iva nāsamañjasam | svarga-naraka-nānā-yoniṣu gamanaṃ ca tasyopādhi-pāravaśyād eva | tad uktaṃ prāṇam adhikṛtya dattātrayeṇa yena saṃsarate pumān iti | ataevāsya sarva-gatatvam apy agrima-śloke vakṣyamāṇaṃ nāsamañjasam | ataevāvyayasya nityasya nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān [ŚvetU 6.13] iti śruteḥ |

yad vā, nanu deho jīvātmā paramātmety etad vastu-trikaṃ manuṣya-tiryag-ādiṣu sarvatra dṛśyate, tatrādyayor deha-jīvayos tattvaṃ nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ity anenoktam | tṛtīyasya paramātma-vastunaḥ kiṃ tattvam ity ata āha avināśi tv iti | tu bhinnopakrame | paramātmano māyā-jīvābhyāṃ svarūpataḥ pārthakyād idaṃ jagat ||17||

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ jīvātma-dehayoḥ svabhāvaṃ viśadayaty avināśīti dvābhyām | taj jīvātma-tattvam avināśi nityaṃ viddhi | yena sarvam idaṃ śarīraṃ tataṃ dharma-bhūtena jñānena vyāptam asti | asyāvyayasya parmāṇutvena ca vināśānarhasya vināśaṃ na kaścit sthūlo 'rthaḥ kartum arhati prāṇasyeva dehaḥ | iha jīvātmano deha-parimitatvaṃ na pratyetavyam | eṣo 'ṇur ātmā cetasā veditavyo yasmin prāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa [ṃuṇḍU 3.1.9] ity ādiṣu tasya paramāṇutva-śravaṇāt | tādṛśasya nikhila-deha-vyāptis tu dharma-bhūta-jñānenaiva syāt | evam āha bhagavān sūtrakāraḥ - guṇād vālokavad [Vs. 2.3.26] iti | ihāpi svayaṃ vakṣyati yathā prakāśayaty ekaḥ [Gītā 13.33] ity ādinā ||17||

BhG 2.18

śrīdharaḥ : āgamāpāya-dharmakaṃ sandarśyati antavanta iti | anto vināśo vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | nityasya sarvadaika-rūpasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravataḥ | ataevānāśino vināśa-rahitasya aprameyasyaparicchinnasyātmana ime sukha-duḥkhādi-dharmaka-dehā uktās tattva-darśibhiḥ | yasmād evam ātmano na vināśaḥ, na ca sukha-duḥkhādi-sambandhaḥ, tasmān mohajaṃ śoktaṃ tyaktvā yudhyasva | svadharmaṃ mā tyakṣīr ity arthaḥ ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sphuraṇa-rūpasya sataḥ katham avināśitvaṃ tasya deha-dharmatvād dehasya cānukṣaṇa-vināśād iti bhūta-caitanya-vādinas tān nirākurvann āsato vidyate bhāva ity etad vivṛṇoti antavanta iti | antavanto vināśina ime 'parokṣā dehā upacitāpacita-rūpatvāc charīrāṇi | bahu-vacanāt sthūla-sūkṣma-kāraṇa-rūpā virāṭ-sūtrāvyākṛtākhyāḥ samaṣṭi-vyaṣṭy-ātmanaḥ sarve nityasyāvināśina eva śarīriṇa ādhyāsika-sambandhena śarīravataekasyātmanaḥ sva-prakāśa-sphuraṇa-rūpasya sambandhino dṛśyatvena bhogyatvena coktāḥ śrutibhir brahma-vādibhiś ca | tathā ca taittirīyake 'nnamayādyānandamayānantān pañca kośān kalpayitvā tad-adhiṣṭhānam akalpitaṃ brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhā [TaittU 2.5] iti darśitam | tatra pañcīkṛta-pañca-mahābhūta-tat-kāryātmako virāṇ-mūrta-rāśir anna-maya-kośaḥ sthūla-samaṣṭiḥ | tat-kāraṇī-bhūto 'pañcīkṛta-pañca-mahā-bhūta-tat-kāryātmako hiraṇyagarbhaḥ sūtram amūrta-rāśiḥ sūkṣma-samaṣṭiḥ trayaṃ vā idaṃ nāma rūpaṃ karma [BAU 1.6.1] iti bṛhad-āraṇyakokta-try-annātmakaḥ sarva-karmātmakatvena kriyā-śakti-mātram ādāya prāṇa-maya-kośa uktaḥ | nāmātmakatvena jñāna-śakti-mātram ādāyamanomaya-kośa uktaḥ | rūpātmakatvena tad-ubhayāśrayatayā kartṛtvam ādāya vijñāna-maya-kośa uktaḥ | tataḥ prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayātmaika eva hiraṇyagarbhākhyo liṅga-śarīra-kośaḥ | tat-kāraṇībhūtas tu māyopahita-caitanyātmā sarva-saṃskāra-śeṣo 'vyākṛtākhya ānanda-maya-kośaḥ | te ca sarva ekasyaivātmanaḥ śarīrāṇīty uktam | tasyaiṣa eva śārīra ātmā yaḥ pūrvasya [TaittU 2.3.4] iti | tasya prāṇa-mayasyaiṣa eva śarīre bhavaḥ śārīra ātmā yaḥ satya-jñānādi-lakṣaṇo guhā-nihitatvenoktaḥ pūrvasyānna-mayasya | evaṃ prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayānanda-mayeṣu yojyam |

athaveme sarve dehās trailokya-varti-sarva-prāṇi-sambandhina ekasyaivātmana uktā iti yojanā | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

iti sarva-śarīra-sambandhinam ekam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ vibhuṃ darśayati |

nanu nityatvaṃ yāvat-kāla-sthāyitvaṃ tathā cāvidyādivat kālena saha nāśe 'pi tad-upapannam ity ata āha anāśina iti | deśataḥ kālato vastutaś caparicchinasyāvidyādeḥ kalpitatvenānityatve 'pi yāvat-kāla-sthāyi-svarūpam aupacārikaṃ nityatvaṃ vyavahriyate yāvad-vikāraṃ tu vibhāgo lokavat [Vs 2.3.7] iti nyāyāt | ātmanas tu pariccheda-traya-śūnyasyākalpitasya vināśa-hetv-abhāvān mukhyam eva kūṭastha-nityatvaṃ na tu pariṇāmi-nityatvaṃ yāvat-kāla-sthāyitvaṃ cety abhiprāyaḥ |

nanv etādṛśe dehini kiṃcit pramāṇam avaśyaṃ vācyam anyathā niṣpramāṇasya tasyālīkatvāpatteḥ śāstrārambha-vaiyarthyāpatteś ca | tathā ca vastu-paricchedo duṣpariharaḥ śāstra-yonitvāt [Vs 1.1.3] iti nyāyāc ca | ata āha aprameyasyeti | ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyam etad apramayaṃ dhruvam [BAU 4.7.2] apramayam aprameyam |

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ

tam eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [ṃuṇḍU 2.2.10]

iti ca śruteḥ sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpa evātmātas tasya sarva-bhāsakasya svabhānārthaṃ na svabhāsyāpekṣā, kintu kalpitājñāna-tat-kārya-nivṛtty-arthaṃ kalpita-vṛtti-viśeṣāpekṣā | kalpitasyaiva kalpita-virodhitvāt | yakṣānurūpo baliḥ iti nyāyāt | tathā ca sarva-kalpita-nivartaka-vṛtti-viśeṣotpatty-arthaṃ śāstrārambhaḥ, tasya tattvam asy ādi-vākya-mātrādhīnatvāt | svataḥ sarvadābhāsamānatvāt sarva-kalpanādhiṣṭhānatvād dṛśyamātra-bhāsakatvāc ca na tasya tucchatvāpattiḥ | tathā caikam evādvitīyaṃ satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahmety ādi-śāstram eva sva-prameyānurodhena svasyāpi kalpitatvam āpādayati anyathā sva-prāmāṇyānupapatteḥ |

kalpitasya cākalpita-paricchedakatvaṃ nāstīti prāk-pratipāditam | ātmanaḥ svaprakāśatvaṃ ca yuktito 'pi bhagavat-pūjyapādair upapāditam | tathā hi - yatra jijñāsoḥ saṃśaya-viparyaya-vyatireka-pramāṇānām anyatamam api nāsti tatra tad-virodhi jñānam iti sarvatra dṛṣṭam | anyathā tritayānyatamāpatteḥ | ātmani cāhaṃ vā nāhaṃ veti na kasyacit saṃśayaḥ | nāpi nāham iti viparyayo vyatirekaḥ pramā veti tat-svarūpa-pramā sarvadāstīti vācyaṃ tasya sarva-saṃśaya-viparyaya-dharmitvāt | dharmyaśe sarvam abhrāntaṃ prakāre tu viparyayaḥ iti nyāyāt | ata evoktam -

pramābhāsaḥ saṃśayaḥ | sva-prakāśe sad-rūpe dharmiṇi pramāṇāpramāṇayor viśeṣo nāstīty arthaḥ | ātmano 'bhāsamānatve ca ghaṭa-jñānaṃ mayi jātaṃ na vety ādi-saṃśayaḥ syāt | na cāntara-padārthe viṣayasyaiva saṃśayādi-pratibandhakatva-svabhāvaḥ | bāhya-padārthe k ptena virodhi-jñānenaiva saṃśayādi-pratibandha-saṃbhava āntara-padārthe svabhāva-bheda-kalpanāyā anaucityāt | anyathā sarva-viplavāpatteḥ | ātma-mano-yoga-mātraṃ cātma-sākṣātkāre hetuḥ | yasya ca jñāna-mātre hetutvād ghaṭādi-bhāne 'py ātma-bhānaṃ samūhālambana-nyāyena tārkikāṇāṃ pravareṇāpi durnivāraṃ | na ca cākṣuṣatva-māna-sattvādi-saṅkaraḥ | laukikatvālaukikatvavad aṃśa-bhedenopapatteḥ | saṅkarasyādoṣatvāc cākṣuṣatvāder jātitvānabhyupagamād vā | vyavasāyamātra evātmabhāna-sāmagryā vidyamānatvād anuvyavasāyo 'py apāstaḥ | na ca vyavasāya-bhānārthaṃ sa tasya dīpavat sva-vyavahāre sajātīyānapekṣatvāt | na hi ghaṭa-taj-jñānayor iva vyavasāyānuvyavasāyayor api viṣayatva-viṣayitva-vyavasthāpakaṃ vaijātyam asti vyakti-bhedātirikta-vaidharmyānabhyupagamāt | viṣayatvāvacchedaka-rūpeṇaiva viṣayitvābhyupagame ghaṭa-taj-jñānayor api tad-bhāvāpattir aviśeṣāt |

nanu yathā ghaṭa-vyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭa-jñānam abhyupeyate tathā ghaṭa-jñāna-vyavahārārthaṃ ghaṭa-jñāna-viṣayaṃ jñānam abhyupeyaṃ vyavahārāsya vyavahartavya-jñāna-sādhyatvād iti cet | kānupapattir udbhāvitā devānāṃ-priyeṇa sva-prakāśa-vādinaḥ | nahi vyavahartavya-bhinnatvam api jñāna-viśeṣaṇaṃ vyavahāra-hetutāvacchedakaṃ gauravāt | tathā ceśvara-jñānavadyogi-jñānavat prameyam iti jñānavac ca svenaiva sva-vyavahāropapattau na jñānāntara-kalpanāvakāśaḥ | anuvyavasāyasyāpi ghaṭa-jñāna-vyavahāra-hetutvaṃ kiṃ ghaṭa-jñāna-jñānatvena kiṃ vā ghaṭa-jñānatvenaiveti vivecanīyam | ubhayasyāpi tatra sattvāt | tatra ghaṭa-vyavahāre ghaṭa-jñānatvenaiva hetutāyāḥ k ptatvāt tenaiva rūpeṇa ghata-jñāna-vyavahāre,pi hetutopapattau na ghaṭa-jñāna-jñānatvaṃ hetutāvacchedakaṃ gauravān mānābhāvāc ca | tathā ca nānuvyavasāya-siddhir ekasyaiva vyavasāyasya vayvasātari vyavaseye vyavasāye ca vyavahāra-janakatvopapatter iti tripuṭī-pratyakṣa-vādinaḥ prābhākarāḥ |

aupaniṣadāstu manyante sva-prakāśa-jñāna-rūpa evātmā na svaprakāśa-jñānāśrayaḥ kartṛ-karma-virodhena tad-bhānānupapatteḥ | jñāna-bhinnatve ghaṭādivaj-jaḍatvena kalpitatvāpatteś ca | svaprakāśa-jñāna-mātra-svarūpo 'py ātmāvidyopahitaḥ san sākṣīty ucyate | vṛtti-mad-antaḥkaraṇopahitaḥ pramātety ucyate | tasya cakṣur-ādīni karaṇāni | sa cakṣur-ādi-dvārāntaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmena ghaṭādīn vyāpya tad-ākāro bhavati | tato ghaṭāvacchinna-caitanyaṃ pramātra-bhedāt svājñānaṃ nāśayad aparokṣaṃ bhavati | ghaṭaṃ ca svāvacchedakaṃ sva-tādātmyādhyāsād bhāsayati | antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmaś ca vṛttyākhyo 'tisvacchaḥ svāvacchinnenaiva caitanyena bhāsyata ity antaḥ-karaṇa-tad-vṛtti-ghaṭānām aparokṣatā | tad etad ākāra-trayam ahaṃ jānāmi ghaṭam iti | bhāsaka-caitanyasyaika-rūpatve 'pi ghaṭaṃ prati vṛtty-apekṣatvāt pramātṛtā | antaḥkaraṇa-tad-vṛttīḥ prati tu vṛtty-anapekṣatvāt sākṣiteti vivekaḥ | advaita-siddhau siddhānta-bindau ca vistaraḥ |

yasmād evaṃ prāg-ukta-nyāyena ntiyo vibhur asaṃsārī sarvadaika-rūpaś cātmā tasmāt tan-nāśa-śaṅkayā svadharme yuddhe prāk-pravṛttasya tava tasmād uparatir na yukteti yuddhābhyanujñayā bhagavān āha - tasmād yudhyasva bhārateti | arjunasya svadharme yuddhe pravṛttasya tata uparati-kāraṇaṃ śoka-mohau | tau ca vicāra-janitena vijñānena vādhitāv ity apavādāpavāda utsargasya sthitir iti nyāyena yudhyasvety anuvādo na vidhiḥ | yathā kartṛ-karmaṇoḥ kṛti [Pāṇ 2.3.65] ity utsargaḥ | ubhaya-prāptau karmaṇi [Pāṇ 2.3.66] ity apavādaḥ | akākārayoḥ strī-pratyayayoḥ prayoge neti vaktavyam iti tad-apavādaḥ | tathā ca mumukṣor brahmaṇor jijñāsety atrāpavādāpavāde punar utsarga-sthiteḥ kartṛ-karmaṇoḥ kṛtīty anenaiva ṣaṣṭhī | tathā ca karmaṇi ceti niṣedhā-prasārād brahma-jijñāseti karma-ṣaṣṭhī-samāsaḥ siddho bhavati | kaścit tv etasmād eva vidher mokṣe jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccaya iti pralapati | tac ca yudhyasvety ato mokṣasya jñāna-karma-samuccaya-sādhyatvāpratīteḥ | vistareṇa caitad agre bhagavad-gītā-vacana-virodhenaiva nirākariṣyāmaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ ity asyārthaṃ spaṣṭayati antavanta iti | śarīriṇo jīvasyāprameyasyāti-sūkṣmatvād durjñeyasya | tasmād yudhyasva iti śāstra-vihitasya svadharmasya tyāgo 'nucita iti bhāvaḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : antavanto vināśi-svabhāvāḥ, śarīriṇo jīvātmanaḥ | aprameyasyātisūkṣmatvād vijñāna-vijñātṛ-svarūpatvāc ca pramātum aśakyasyety arthaḥ | tathā cedṛśa-svabhāvatvāj jīva-tad-dehau na śoka-sthānam iti jīvātmano deho dharmānuṣṭānuṣṭhāna-dvārā tasya bhogāya mokṣāya ca pareśena sṛjyate | sa ca sa ca dharmeṇa bhavet tasmād yudhyasva bhārata ||18||

BhG 2.19

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ bhīṣmādi-mṛtyu-nimittaḥ śoko nivāritaḥ, yac cātmano hantṛtva-nimittaṃ duḥkham uktam etān na hantum icchāmi ity ādinā, tad api tavad eva nirnimittam ity āha ya enam iti | enam ātmānam | ātmano hanana-kriyāyāḥ karmatvaṃ kartṛtvam api nāstīty arthaḥ | tatra hetur nāyam iti ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evam aśocyān anvaśocacas tvam ity ādinā bhīṣmādi-bandhu-viccheda-nibandhane śoke 'panīte 'pi tad-vadha-kartṛtva-nibandhanasya pāpasya nāsti pratīkāraḥ | nahi yatra śoko nāsti tatra pāpaṃ nāstīti niyamaḥ | dveṣya-brāhmaṇa-vadhe pāpābhāva-prasaṅgāt | ato 'haṃ kartā tvaṃ preraka iti dvayor api hiṃsā-nimitta-pātakāpatter ayuktam idaṃ vacanaṃ tasmād yudhyasva bhāratety āśaṅkya kāṭhaka-paṭhitaya rcā pariharati bhagavān ya enam iti |

enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinam adṛśyatvādi-guṇakaṃ yo hantāraṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ vetti aham asya hanteti vijānāti | yaś cānya enaṃ manyate hataṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ karma-bhūtaṃ deha-hananena hato 'ham iti vijānāti | tāv ubhau dehābhimānitvād enam avikāriṇam akāraka-svabhāvam ātmānaṃ na vijānīto na vivekena jānītaḥ śāstrāt | kasmāt yasmān nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate kartā karma ca na bahvatīty arthaḥ |

atra ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ hataṃ cety etāvati vaktavye padānām āvṛttir vākyālaṅkārārthā | athavā ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ tārkikādir ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhyupagamāt | tathā yaś cainaṃ manyate hataṃ cārvākādir ātmano vināśitvābhyupagamāt | tāv ubhau na vijānīta iti yojyam | vādi-bheda-khyāpanāya pṛthag upanyāsaḥ | atiśūrātikātara-viṣayatayā vā pṛthag-upadeśaḥ | hantā cen manyate hantuṃ hataś cen manyate hatam [KaṭhU 1.2.19] iti pūrvārdhe śrautaḥ pāṭhaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : bho vayasya arjuna ! tvam ātmā | na hanteḥ kartā, nāpi hanteḥ karma ity āha ya iti | enaṃ jīvātmānaṃ hantāraṃ vetti bhīṣmādīn arjuno hantīti yo vettīty arthaḥ, hatam iti bhīṣmādibhir arjuno hanyate iti yo vetti, tāv ubhāv apy ajñāninau | ato 'rjuno 'yaṃ guru-janaṃ hantīty ajñāni-loka-gītād duryaśaḥ kā te bhītir iti bhāvaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ : uktam avināśitvaṃ draḍhayati | enam ukta-svabhāvam ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ yo hantāraṃ khaḍgādinā hiṃsakaṃ vetti yaś cainaṃ tena hataṃ hiṃsitaṃ manyate tāv ubhau tat-svarūpaṃ na vijānītaḥ | atisūkṣmasya caitanyasya tasya chedādy-asambhavān nāyam ātmā hanti na hanyate | hanteḥ kartā karma ca bhavatīty arthaḥ | hanter deha-viyogārthatvān na tenātmanāṃ nāśo mantavyaḥ | śrutiś caivam āha - hantā cen manyate hantuṃ hataś cen manyate hatam [KaṭhU 1.2.19] ity ādinā | etena mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtāni ity ādi-vākyaṃ deha-viyoga-paraṃ vyākhyātam | na cātrātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ prasiddham iti vācyam | deha-viyojane tat tasya sattvāt ||19||

BhG 2.20

śrīdharaḥ : na hanyata ity etad eva ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatvena draḍhayati neti | na jāyata ity ādi | na jāyata iti janma-pratiṣedhaḥ | na mriyata iti vināśa-pratiṣedhaḥ | vā-śabdau cārthe | na cāyaṃ bhūtvā utpadya bhavitā bhavati astitvaṃ bhajate, kintu prāg eva svataḥ sad-rūpa iti janmāntarāstitva-lakṣaṇa-dvitīya-vikāra-pratiṣedhaḥ | tatra hetuḥ yasmād ajaḥ | yo hi na jāyate sa hi janmāntaram astitvaṃ bhajate, na tu yaḥ svayam evāsti sa bhūyo 'pi anyad astitvaṃ bhajate ity arthaḥ | nityaḥ sarvdaika-rūpa iti vṛddhi-pratiṣedhaḥ | śāśvataḥ śaśvad-bhava iti apakṣaya-pratiṣedhaḥ | purāṇa iti vipariṇāma-pratiṣedhaḥ | purāpi nava eva na tu pariṇāmataḥ rūpāntaraṃ prāpya navo bhavatīty arthaḥ |

yad vā na bhavitety asyānuṣaṅgaṃ kṛtvā bhūyo 'dhikaṃ yathā bhaviteti tathā na bhavatīti vṛddhi-pratiṣedhaḥ | ajo nitya iti cobhaya-vṛddhy-ādy-abhāve hetur iti na paunaruktyam | tad evaṃ jāyate asti vardhate vipariṇamate apakṣīyate naśyaty evaṃ yāskādibhir veda-vādibhir uktāḥ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā nirastāḥ | yad artham ete vikārā nirastās taṃ prastutaṃ vināśābhāvam upasaṃharati na hanyate hanyamāne śarīra iti ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : kasmād ayam ātmā hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā karma ca na bhavati ? avikriyatvād ity āha dvitīyena mantreṇa | jāyate 'sti vardhate vipariṇamate 'pakṣīyate vinaśyatīti ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā iti vārṣyāyaṇiḥ iti nairuktāḥ | tatrādy-antayor niṣedhaḥ kriyate na jāyate mriyate veti | vā-śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ | na jāyate na mriyate cety arthaḥ | kasmād ayam ātmā notpadyate ? yasmād ayam ātmā kadācit kasminn api kāle na bhūtvābhūtvā prāg bhūyaḥ punar api bhavitā na | yo hy abhūtvā bhavati sa utpatti-lakṣaṇāṃ vikriyām anubhavati | ayaṃ tu prāg api sattvādyato notpadyate 'to 'jaḥ | tathāyam ātmā bhūtvā prāk kadācid bhūyaḥ punar na bhavitā | na vā-śabdād vākya-vipari-vṛttiḥ | yo hi prāg-bhūtvottara-kāle na bhavati sa mṛt-lakṣaṇāṃ vikriyām anubhavati | ayaṃ tūttara-kāle 'pi sattvādyato na miryate 'to nityo vināśāyogya ity arthaḥ | atra na bhūtvety atra samāsābhāve 'pi nānupapattir nānuyojeṣv ativat | bhagavatā pāṇininā mahā-vibhāṣādhikāre nañ-samāsa-pāṭhāt | yat tu kātyāyanenoktaṃ samāsa-nityatābhiprāyeṇa vā-vacanānarthakyaṃ tu svabhāva-siddhatvāt iti tad-bhagavat-pāṇiini-vacana-virodhād anādeyam | tad uktam ācārya-śavara-svāminā - asad-vādī hi kātyāyanaḥ iti |

atra na jāyate mriyate veti pratijñā | kadācin nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūya iti tad-upapādanam | ajo nitya iti tad-upasaṃhāra iti vibhāgaḥ | ādyantayor vikārayor niṣedhena madhyavarti-vikārāṇāṃ tad-vyāpyānāṃ niṣedhe jāte 'pi gamanādi-vikārāṇām anuktānām apy upalakṣaṇāyāpakṣayaś ca vṛddhiś ca sva-śabdenaiva nirākriyete | tatra kūṭastha-nityatvād ātmano nirguṇatvāc ca na svarūpato guṇato vāpakṣayaḥ sambhavatīty uktaṃ śāśvata iti | śaśvat sarvadā bhavati nāpakṣīyate nāpacīyata ity arthaḥ | yadi nāpakṣīyate tarhi vardhatām iti nety āha purāṇa iti | purāpi nava eka-rūpo na tv adhunā nūtanāṃ kāñcid avasthām anubhavati | yo hi nūtanāṃ kāñcid upacayāvasthām anubhavati sa vardhata ity ucyate loke | ayaṃ tu sarvadaika-rūpatvān nāpacīyate nopacīyate cety arthaḥ | astitva-vipariṇāmau tu janma-vināśāntarbhūtatvāt pṛthaṅ na niṣiddhau | yasmād evaṃ sarva-vikāra-śūnya ātmā tasmāc charīre hanyamāne tat-sambaddho 'pi kenāpy upāyena na hanyate na hantuṃ śakyata ity upasaṃhāraḥ ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : jīvātmano nityatvaṃ spaṣṭatayā sādhayati na jāyate miryate iti janma-maraṇayor vartamānatva-niṣedhaḥ | nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā iti tayor bhūtatva-bhaviṣyatva-niṣedhaḥ | ataeva aja iti kāla-traye 'pi ajasya janmābhāvān nāsya prāg-abhāvaḥ | śāśvataḥ śaśvat sarva-kāla eva vartata iti nāsya kāla-traye 'pi dhvaṃsaḥ | ataevāyaṃ nityaḥ | tarhi bahu-kāla-sthāyitvāj jarā-grasto 'yam iti cen na | purāṇaḥ purāpi navaḥ prācīno 'py ayaṃ navīna iveti ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | nanu śarīrasya maraṇād aupacārikaṃ tu maraṇam asyāstu ? tatrāha neti | śarīreṇa saha sambaddhābhāvāt na upacāraḥ ||20||

baladevaḥ : atha jāyate asti vardhate viparaṇamate apakṣīyate vinaśyati iti yāskādy-ukta-ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-rāhityena prāg-ukta-nityatvaṃ draḍhayati na jāyate iti | cārthe vā-śabdau | ayam ātmā jīvaḥ kadācid api kāle na jāyate na mriyate ceti janma-vināśayoḥ pratiṣedhaḥ | na cāyam ātmā bhūtvotpadya bhavitā bhaviṣyatīti janmāntarasyāstitvasya pratiṣedhaḥ | na bhūya iti ayam ātmā bhūyo 'dhikaṃ yathā syāt tathā na bhavatīti buddheḥ pratiṣedhaḥ | kuto bhūyo na bhavatīty atra hetur ajo nitya iti | utpatti-vināśa-yogī khalu vṛkṣādir utpadya vṛddhiṃ gacchan naṣṭaḥ | ātmanas tu tad-ubhayābhāvāt na vṛddhir ity arthaḥ | śāśvata ity apakṣayasya pratiṣedhaḥ | śaśvat sarvadā bhavati nāpakṣīyate nāpakṣayaṃ bhajatīty arthaḥ | purāṇa iti vipariṇāmasya pratiṣedhaḥ | purāṇaṃ purāpi navo na tu kiṃcin nūtanaṃ rūpāntaram adhunā na labdha ity arthaḥ | tad evaṃ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatvād ātmā nityaḥ | yasmād īdṛśas tasmāc charīre hanyamāne 'pi sa na hanyate | tathā cārjuno 'yaṃ guru-hantety avijñoktyā duṣkīrter abibhyatā tvayā śāstrīyaṃ dharma-yuddhaṃ vidheyam ||20||

BhG 2.21

śrīdharaḥ : ataeva hantṛtvābhāvo 'pi pūrvoktaḥ prasiddha ity āha vedāvināśinam ity ādi | nityaṃ vṛddhi-śūnyam | avyayam apakṣaya-śūnyam | ajam avināśinaṃ ca | yo veda sa puruṣaḥ kaṃ hanti | kathaṃ vā hanti ? evaṃ-bhūtasya vadhe sādhanābhāvāt | tathā svayaṃ prayojako bhūtvānyena kaṃ ghātayati ? kathaṃ vā ghātayati ? na kiñcid api | na kathañcid api ity arthaḥ | anena mayy api prayojakatvād doṣa-dṛṣṭiṃ mā kārṣīr ity uktaṃ bhavati ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : nāyaṃ hanti na hanyata iti pratijñāya na hanyata ity upapāditam idānīṃ na hantīty upapādayann upasaṃharati | na vinaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yasya tam avināśinam antya-vikāra-rahitam | tatra hetuḥ - avyayaṃ na vidyate vyayo 'vayavāpacayo guṇāpacayo vā yasya tam avyayam | avayavāpacayena guṇāpacayena vā vināśa-darśanāt tad-ubhaya-rahitasya na vināśaḥ sambhavatīty arthaḥ |

nanu janyatvena vināśitvam anumāsyāmahe nety āha - ajam iti | na jāyate ity ajam ādya-vikāra-rahitam | tatra hetuḥ - nityaṃ sarvadā vidyāmānaṃ, prāg-avidyamānasya hi janma dṛṣṭaṃ na tu sarvatā sata ity abhiprāyaḥ |

athavāvināśinam abādhyaṃ satyam iti yāvat | nityaṃ sarva-vyāpakam | tatra hetuḥ - ajam avyayaṃ | janma-vināśa-śūnyaṃ jāyamānasya vinaśyataś ca sarva-vyāpakatva-satyatvayor ayogāt |

evaṃ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyaṃ prakṛtam enaṃ dehinaṃ svam ātmānaṃ yo veda vijānāti śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ sākṣātkaroti ahaṃ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyaḥ sarva-bhāsakaḥ sarva-dvaita-rahitaḥ paramānanda-bodha-rūpa iti sa evaṃ vidvān puruṣaḥ pūrṇa-rūpaḥ kaṃ hanti ? kathaṃ hanti ? kiṃ-śabda ākṣepe | na kam api hanti na katham api hantīty arthaḥ | tathā kaṃ ghātayati kathaṃ ghātayati kam api na ghātayati katham api na ghātayatīty arthaḥ | nahi sarva-vikāra-śūnyasyākartur hanana-kriyāyāṃ kartṛtvaṃ sambhavati | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

iti śuddham ātmānaṃ viduṣas tad-ajñāna-nibandhanādhyāsa-nivṛttau tan-mūla-rāga-dveṣādy-abhāvāt-kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvādy-abhāvaṃ darśayati |

ayam atrābhiprāyo bhagavataḥ | vastu-gatyā ko 'pi nakaroti na kārayati ca kiṃcit sarva-vikriyā-śūnya-svabhāvatvāt paraṃ tu svapna ivāvidyayā kartṛtvādikam ātmany abhimanyate mūḍhaḥ | tad uktam ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ [Gītā 2.19] iti | śrutiś ca - dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] ity ādiḥ | ataeva sarvāṇi śāstrāṇy avidvad-adhikārikāṇi | vidvāṃs tu samūlādhyāsa-bādhān nātmani kartṛtvādikam abhimanyate sthāṇu-svarūpaṃ vidvān iva coratvam | ato vikriyā-rahitatvād advitīyatvāc ca vidvān na karoti kārayati cety ucyate | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- vidvān na bibheti kutaścana [TaittU 2.9.1] iti | arjuno hi svasmin kartṛtvaṃ bhagavati ca kārayitṛtvam adhyasya hiṃsā-nimittaṃ doṣam ubhayatrāpy āśaśaṅke | bhagavān api viditābhiprāyo hanti ghātayatīti tad-ubhayam ācikṣepa | ātmani kartṛtvaṃ mayi ca kārayitṛtvam āropya pratyavāya-śaṅkāṃ mā kārṣīr ity abhiprāyaḥ |

avikriyatva-pradarśanenātmanaḥ kartṛtva-pratiṣedhāt sarva-karmākṣepe bhagavad-abhiprete hantir upalakṣaṇārthaḥ puraḥ-sphūrtikatvāt | pratiṣedha-hetos tulyatvāt karmāntarābhyanujñānupapatteḥ | tathā ca vakṣyati tasya kāryaṃ na vidyata [Gītā 3.17] iti | ato 'tra hanana-mātrākṣepeṇa karmāntaraṃ bhagavatābhyanujñāyata iti mūḍha-jana-jalpitam apāstam | tasmād yudhyasvety atra hananasya bhagavatābhyanujñānād vāstava-kartṛtvādy-abhāvasya karma-mātre samatvād iti dik ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : ata evambhūta-jñāne sati tvaṃ yudhyamāno 'pi ahaṃ yuddhe prerayann api doṣa-bhājau naiva bhavāva ity āha vedeti | nityam iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇam | avināśinam iti, ajam iti, avyayam ity etair vināśa-janyā apekṣayā niṣiddhāḥ | sa puruṣo mal-lakṣaṇaḥ kaṃ ghātayati, kathaṃ vā ghātayati, sa puruṣas tval-lakṣaṇaḥ kaṃ hanti ? kathaṃ vā hanti ? ||21||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ tattva-jñānavān yo dharma-buddhyā yuddhe pravartate yaś ca pravartayati, tasya tasya ca ko 'pi na doṣa-gandha ity āha vedeti | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānam avināśinam ajam avyayam apakṣaya-śūnyaṃ ca yo veda śāstra-yuktibhyāṃ jānāti, sa puruṣo yuddhe pravṛtto 'pi kaṃ hanti kathaṃ vā hanti ? tatra pravartayann api kaṃ ghātayati kathaṃ vā ghātayati ? kim ākṣepe - na kam api na katham apīty arthaḥ | ntiyam iti vedana-kriyā-viśeṣaṇam ||21||

BhG 2.22

śrīdharaḥ : nanv ātmano 'vināśe 'pi tadīya-śarīra-nāśaṃ paryālocya śocāmīiti cet ? tatrāha vāsāṃsīti | karmaṇi bandhanānāṃ nūtanānāṃ dehānām avaśyambhāvitvāt na taj-jīrṇa-deha-nāśe śokāvakāśa ity arthaḥ ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evam ātmano vināśitvābhāve 'pi dehānāṃ vināśitvād yuddhasya ca tan-nāśakatvāt kathaṃ bhīṣmādi-dehānām aneka-sukṛta-sādhanānāṃ mayā yuddhena vināśaḥ kārya ity āśaṅkāyā uttaram vāsāṃsīti |

jīrṇāni vihāya vastrāṇi navāni gṛhṇāti vikriyā-śūnya eva naro yathety etāvataiva virvāhe 'parāṇīit viśeṣaṇam utkarṣātiśaya-khyāpanārtham | tena yathā nikṛṣṭāni vastrāṇi vihāyotkṛṣṭāni jano gṛhṇātīty aucityāyātam | tathā jīrṇāni vayasā tapasā ca kṛśāni bhīṣmādi-śarīrāṇi vihāyānyāni devādi-śarīrāṇi sarvotkṛṣṭāni ciropārjita-dharma-phala-bhogāya saṃyāti samyag-garbha-vāsādi-kleśa-vyatirekeṇa prāpnoti dehī prakṛṣṭa-dharmānuṣṭhātṛ-dehavān bhīṣmādir ity arthaḥ | anyan navataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ kurute pitryaṃ vā gandharvaṃ vā daivaṃ vā prājāpatyaṃ vā brāhmaṃ vā ity ādi śruteḥ |

etad uktaṃ bhavati bhīṣmādayo hi yāvaj jīvaṃ dharmānuṣṭhāna-kleśenaiva jarjara-śarīrā vartamāna-śarīra-pātam antareṇa tat-phala-bhogāyāsam arthā yadi dharma-yuddhena svarga-pratibandhakāni jarjarāṇi śarīrāṇi pātayitvā divya-deha-sampādanena svarga-bhoga-yogyāḥ kriyante tvayā tad-atyantam upakṛtvā eva te | duryodhanādīnām api svarga-bhoga-yogya-deha-sampādanān mahān upakāra eva | tathā cātyantam upakārake yuddhe 'pakārakatva-bhramaṃ mā kārṣīr iti | aparāṇi anyāni saṃyātīti pada-traya-vaśād bhagavad-abhiprāya evam abhyūhitaḥ | anena dṛṣṭāntenāvikṛta-pratipādanam ātmanaḥ kriyata iti tu prācāṃ vyākhyānam atispaṣṭam ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu madīya-yuddhād bhīṣma-saṃjñakaṃ śarīraṃ tu jīvātmā tyakṣyaty eva ity atas tvaṃ cāhaṃ ca tatra hetu bhavāva eva ity ata āha vāsāṃsīti | navīnaṃ vastraṃ paridhāpayituṃ jīrṇa-vastrasya tyajane kaścit kiṃ doṣo bhavatīti bhāvaḥ | tathā śarīrāṇīti bhīṣmo jīrṇa-śarīraṃ parityajya divyaṃ navyaṃ anyac charīraṃ prāpsyatīti kas tava vā mama vā doṣo bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||22||

baladevaḥ : nanu mā bhūd ātmanāṃ vināśo bhīṣmādi-saṃjñānāṃ tac-charīrāṇāṃ tat-sukha-sādhanānāṃ yuddhena vināśe tat-sukha-viccheda-hetuko doṣaḥ syād eva | anyathā prāyaścitta-śāstrāṇi nirviṣayāṇi syur iti cet tatrāha vāsāṃsīti | sthūla-jīrṇa-vāsas-tyāgena navīna-vāso-dhāraṇam iva vṛddha-nṛ-deha-tyāgena yuva-deva-deha-dhāraṇaṃ teṣām ātmanām atisukhakaram eva | tad ubhayaṃ ca yuddhenaiva kṣipraṃ bhaved ity upakārakāt tasmān mā viraṃsīr iti bhāvaḥ | saṃyātīti samyag-garbha-vāsādi-yātanāṃ vinaiva śīghram eva prāpnotīty arthaḥ | prāyaścitta-vākyāni tu yajña-yuddha-vadhād anyasmin vadhe

BhG 2.23

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ hantīti anena uktaṃ vadha-sādhanābhāvaṃ darśayann avināśitvam ātmanaḥ sphuṭīkaroti nainam ity ādi | āpo kledayanti mṛdu-karaṇena śithilaṃ na kurvanti | māruto 'py enaṃ na śoṣayati ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : na ca yuddhe tvayā prayuktebhyaḥ śastrāstrebhyaḥ kāpy ātmano vyathā sambhaved ity āha nainam iti | śastrāṇi khaḍgādīni | pāvaka āgneyāstram api yuṣmad-ādi-prayuktam | āpaḥ pārjanyāstram api | māruto vāyavyāstram ||23||

baladevaḥ : nanu śastra-pātaiḥ śarīra-vināśe tad-antaḥ-sthasyātmano vināśaḥ syāt gṛha-dāhe tan-madhya-sthasyaiva jantor iti cet tatrāha nainam iti | śastrāṇi khaḍgādīni | pāvaka āgneyāstram | āpaḥ pārjanyāstram api | māruto vāyavyāstram | tathā ca tat-prayuktaiḥ śastrāstrair nātmanaḥ kācid vyatheti ||23||

BhG 2.24

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha acchedya ity ādinā sārdhena | niravayavatvād acchedyo 'kledyaś ca | amūrtatvād adāhyaḥ | dravatvābhāvād aśoṣya iti bhāvaḥ | itaś ca chedādi-yogyo na bhavati | yato nityo 'vināśī | sarva-gataḥ sthāṇuḥ sthira-svabhāvo rūpāntarāpatti-śūnyaḥ | acalaḥ pūrva-rūpāparityāgī | sanātano 'nādiḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : śastrādīnāṃ tan-nāśakatvāsāmarthye tasya taj-janita-nāśānarhatve hetum āha acchedya iti | yato 'cchedyo 'yam ato nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi | adāhyo 'yaṃ yato 'to nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ | yato 'kledyo 'yam ato nainaṃ kledayanty āpaḥ | yato 'śoṣyo 'yam ato nainaṃ śoṣayati māruta iti krameṇa yojanīyam | eva-kāraḥ pratyekaṃ sambadhyamāno 'cchedyatvādy-avadhāraṇārthaḥ | caḥ samuccaye hetau vā | chedādy-anarhatve hetum āhottarārdhena |

nityo 'yaṃ pūrvāpara-koṭi-rahito 'to 'nutpādyaḥ | asarvagatatve hy anityatvaṃ syāt | yāvad-vikāraṃ tu vibhāgaḥ iti nyāyāt parābhyupagata-paramāṇv-ādīnām anabhyupagamāt | ayaṃ tu sarva-gato vibhur ato nitya eva | etena prāpyatvaṃ parākṛtam | yadi cāyaṃ vikārī syāt tadā sarva-gato na syāt | ayaṃ tu sthāṇur avikārī | ataḥ sarva-gata eva | etena vikāryatvam apākṛtam | yadi cāyaṃ calaḥ kriyāvān syāt tadā vikārī syād ghaṭādivat | ayaṃ tv acalo 'to na vikārī | etena saṃskāryatvaṃ nirākṛtam | pūrvāvasthā-parityāgenāvasthāntarāpattir vikriyā | avasthaikye 'pi calana-mātraṃ kriyeti viśeṣaḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt sanātano 'yaṃ sarvadaika-rūpo na kasyā api kriyāyāḥ karmety arthaḥ | utpatty-āpti-vikṛti-saṃskṛty-anyatara-kriyā-phala-yoge hi karmatvaṃ syāt | ayaṃ tu nityatvān notpādyaḥ | anityasyaiva ghaṭāder utpādyatvāt | sarvagatatvān na prāpyaḥ paricchinnasyaiva paya-ādeḥ prāpyatvāt | sthāṇutvād avikāryaḥ | vikriyāvato ghṛtāder eva vikāryatvāt | acalatvād asaṃskāryaḥ sakriyasyaiva darpaṇādeḥ saṃskāryatvāt | tathā ca śrutayaḥ - ākāśavat sarva-gataś ca nityaḥ [ChāU 3.14.3], vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhaty ekaḥ [ŚvetU 3.9], niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntaṃ [ŚvetU 6.19], ity ādayaḥ | yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan pṛthivyā antaro yo 'psu tiṣṭhann adbhyo 'ntaro yas tejasi tiṣṭhaṃs tejaso 'ntaro yo vāyau tiṣṭan vāyor antaraḥ [BAU 3.7.3 ff] ity ādyā ca śrutiḥ sarvagatasya sarvāntaryāmitayā tad-aviṣayatvaṃ darśayati | yo hi śastrādau na tiṣṭhati taṃ śastrādayaś chindanti | ayaṃ tu śastrādīnāṃ sattā-sphūrti-pradatvena tat-prerakas tad-antaryāmī | ataḥ katham enaṃ śastrādīni sva-vyāpāra-viṣayī kuryur ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra yena sūryas tapati tejaseddhaḥ [Taitt. Br. 3.12.97] ity ādi śrutayo 'nusandheyāḥ | saptamādhyāye ca prakaṭīkariṣyati śrī-bhagavān iti dik ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād ātmāyam evam ucyata ity āha acchedya iti | atra prakaraṇe jīvātmano nityatvasya śabdato 'rthataś ca paunaruktyaṃ nirdhāraṇa-prayojakaṃ sandigdhadhīṣu jñeyam | yathā kalāv asmin dharmo 'sti dharmo 'stīti tri-caturdhā-prayogād dharmo 'sty eveti niḥsaṃśayā pratītiḥ syād iti jñeyam | sarva-gataḥ svakarma-vaśād deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādi-sarva-deha-gataḥ | sthāṇur acala iti paunaruktyaṃ sthairya-nirdhāraṇārtham | atisūkṣmatvād avyaktas tad api deha-vyāpi-caitanyatvād acintyo 'tarkyaḥ | janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikārānarhatvād avikāryaḥ ||24-25||

baladevaḥ : chedādy-abhāvād eva tat-tan-nāmabhir ayam ākhyāyata ity āha acchedyo 'yam iti | eva-kāraḥ sarvaiḥ sambadhyate | sarva-gataḥ sva-karma-hetukeṣu deva-mānavādiṣu paśu-pakṣy-ādiṣu ca sarveṣu śarīreṣu paryāyeṇa gataḥ prāpto 'pīty arthaḥ | sthāṇuḥ sthira-svarūpaḥ | acalaḥ sthira-guṇakaḥ | avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā [Bau 4.5.14] iti śruter ity arthaḥ | na cānucchittir eva dharmo yasyeti vyākhyeyaṃ tasyārthasyāvināśīty anenaiva lābhāt | tasmād anucchittayo nityā dharmā yasya sa tathety evārthaḥ | sanātanaḥ śāśvataḥ paunarukta-doṣas tv agre parihariṣyate ||24||

BhG 2.25

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca avyakta iti | avyaktaś cakṣur-ādy-aviṣayaḥ | acintyo manaso 'py aviṣayaḥ | avikāryaḥ karmendriyāṇām apy agocara ity arthaḥ | ucyata iti nityatvādibhiyuktoktiṃ pramāṇayati | upasaṃharati tasmād evam ity ādi | tad evam ātmano janma-vināśābhāvān na śokaḥ kārya ity uktam ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : chedyatvādi-grāhaka-pramāṇa-bhāvād api tad-abhāva ity āha - avyakto 'yam ity-ādy-ardhena | yo hīndriya-gocaro bhavati sa pratyakṣatvād vyakta ity ucyate | ayaṃ tu rūpādi-hīnatvān na tathā | ato na pratyakṣaṃ tatra cchedyatvādi-grāhakam ity arthaḥ |

pratyakṣābhāve 'py anumānaṃ syād ity ata āha acintyo 'yaṃ cintyo 'numeyas tad-vilakṣaṇo 'yam | kvacit pratyakṣo hi vahny-ādir gṛhīta-vyāptikasya dhūmāder darśanāt kvacid anumeyo bhavati | apratyakṣe tu vyāpti-grahaṇāsambhavān nānumeyatvam iti bhāvaḥ | apratyakṣasyāpīndriyādeḥ sāmānyato dṛṣṭānumāna-viṣayatvaṃ dṛṣṭam ata āha avikāryo 'yaṃ yad vikriyāvac cakṣur-ādikaṃ tat-svakāryānyathānupapattyā kalpyamānam arthāpatteḥ sāmānyatodṛṣṭānumānasya ca viṣayo bhavati | ayaṃ tu na vikāryo na vikriyāvān ato nārthāpatteḥ sāmānyato-dṛṣṭasya vā viṣaya ity arthaḥ | laukika-śabdasyāpi pratyakṣādi-pūrvakatvāt tan-niṣedhenaiva niṣedhaḥ |

nanu vedenaiva tatra ccehdyatvādi grahīṣyata ity ata āha - ucyate vedena sopakaraṇenācchedyāvyaktādi-rūpa evāyam ucyate tātparyeṇa pratipādyate | ato na vedasya tat-pratipādikasyāpi cchedyatvādi-pratipādakatvam ity arthaḥ |

atra nainaṃ chindanti [Gītā 2.23] ity atra śastrādīnāṃ tan-nāśaka-sāmarthyābhāva uktaḥ | acchedyo 'yam ity ādau tasya cchedādi-karmatvāyogyatvam uktam | avyakto 'yam ity atra tac-chedādi-grāhaka-mānābhāva ukta ity apaunaruktyaṃ draṣṭavyam | vedāvināśinam ity ādīnāṃ tu ślokānām arthataḥ śabdataś ca paunaruktyaṃ bhāṣya-kṛdbhiḥ parihṛtam | durbodhatvād ātma-vastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgam āpādya śabdāntareṇa tad eva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma saṃsāriṇām buddhi-gocaratām āpannaṃ tattvaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttaye syāt iti [Śaṅkara-bhāṣya 2.24] iti vadadbhiḥ |

evaṃ pūrvokta-yuktibhir ātmano nityatve nirvikāratve ca siddhe tava śoko nopapanna ity upasaṃharati tasmād ity ardhena | etādṛśātma-svarūpa-vedanasya śoka-kāraṇa-nivartakatvāt tasmin sati śoko nocitaḥ kāraṇa-bhāve kāryābhāvasyāvaśyakatvāt | tenātmānam aviditvā yad anvaśocas tad yuktam eva | ātmānaṃ viditvā tu nānuśocitum arhasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : None.

baladevaḥ : avyaktaḥ pratyaṅ cakṣur-ādy-agrāhyaḥ | acintyas tarkāgocaraḥ śruti-mātra-gamyaḥ | jñāna-svarūpo jñātety ādikaṃ śrutyaiva pratīyate | avikāryaḥ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārānarhaḥ | atra avināśi tu tad viddhi ity ādibhir ātma-tattvam upadiśan hariḥ śabdato 'rthataś ca yat punaḥ punar avocat tasya durbodhasya saubodhyārtham evety adoṣaḥ | nirdhāraṇārthaṃ vā | ayaṃ dharmaṃ vettīty uktau tad vedanaṃ niścitaṃ yathā syāt tadvat | evam evāgre vakṣyati āścaryavat paśyati kaścit ity ādinā ||25||

BhG 2.26

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ dehena saha ātmano janma tad-vināśena ca vināśam aṅgīkṛtyāpi śoko na kārya ity āha atha cainam ity ādi | atha ca yadyapy enam ātmānam nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam ātmano nirvikāratvenāśocyatvam uktam idānīṃ vikāravattvam abhyupetyāpi śloka-dvayenāśocyatvaṃ pratipādayati bhagavān | tatrātmā jñāna-svarūpaḥ pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti saugatāḥ | deha evātmā sa ca sthiro 'py anukṣaṇa-pariṇāmī jāyate naśyati ceti pratyakṣa-siddham evaitad iti lokāyatikāḥ | dehātirikto 'pi dehena sahaiva jāyate naśyati cety anye | sargādya-kāla evākāśavaj jāyate deha-bhede 'py anuvartamāna evākalpa-sthāyī naśyati pralaya ity apare | nitya evātmā jāyate mriyate ceti tārkikāḥ | tathā hi - pretya-bhāvo janma | sa cāpūrva-dehendriyādi-sambandhaḥ | evaṃ maraṇam api pūrva-dehendriyādi-vicchedaḥ | idaṃ cobhayaṃ dharmādharma-nimittatvāt tad-ādhārasya nityasyaiva mukhyam | anityasya tu kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgena dharmādharmādhāratvānupapatter na janma-maraṇe mukhye iti vadanti | ntiyasyām evety anye | tatrānityatva-pakṣe 'pi śocyatvam ātmano niṣedhati atha cainam iti |

atheti pakṣāntare | co 'py arthe | yadi durbodhatvād ātma-vastuno 'sakṛc-chravaṇe 'py avadhāraṇā-sāmarthyān mad-ukta-pakṣānaṅgīkāreṇa pakṣāntaram abhyupaiṣi | tatrāpy anityatva-pakṣam evāśritya yady enam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ jātaṃ nityaṃ mṛtaṃ vā manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe nityaṃ pratikṣaṇaṃ pakṣāntare āvaśyakatvān nityaṃ niyataṃ jāto 'yaṃ mṛto 'yam iti laukika-pratyaya-vaśena yadi kalpayasi tathāpi he mahābāho ! puruṣa-dhaureyeti sopahāsaṃ kumatābhyupagamāt | tvayy etādṛśī kudṛṣṭir na sambhavatīti sānukampaṃ vā | evaṃ aha bata mahat pāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam [Gītā 1.45] ity ādi yathā śocasi evaṃ prakāram anuśokaṃ kartuṃ svayam api tvaṃ tādṛśa eva san nārhasi yogyo na bhavasi | kṣaṇikatva-pakṣe dehātma-vāda-pakṣe dehena saha janma-vināśa-pakṣe ca janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāt pāpa-bhayenaiva khalu tvam anuśocasi | tac caitādṛśe darśane na sambhavati bandhu-vināśa-darśitvābhāvād ity adhikaṃ | pakṣāntare dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaṃ śokam abhyanujñātum evaṃ-kāraḥ | dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimitta-śoka-sambhave 'py adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śokaḥ sarvathā nocita ity arthaḥ prathama-ślokasya ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ śāstrīya-tattva-dṛṣṭyā tvām ahaṃ prabodhayan | vyāvahārahika-tattva-dṛṣṭyāpi prabodhayāmi avadhehīty āha atheti | nitya-jātaṃ dehe jāte saty enaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ jātaṃ manyase | tathā deha eva mṛte mṛtaṃ nityaṃ niyataṃ manyase | mahā-bāho iti parākramavataḥ kṣatriyasya tava tad api yuddham avaśyakaṃ svadharmaḥ | yad uktaṃ -

kṣatriyāṇām ayaṃ dharmaḥ prajāpati-vinirmitaḥ | bhrātāpi bhrātaraṃ hanyād yena ghorataras tataḥ || iti bhāvaḥ ||26||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ svoktasya jīvātmano 'śocyatvam uktvā paroktasyāpi tasya tad ucyate para-mata-jñānāya | tad-abhijñaḥ khalu śiṣyas tad-avakarais tan nirasya vijayī san sva-mate sthairyam āsīt | tathā hi manuṣyatvādi-viśiṣṭe bhūmy-ādi-bhūta-catuṣṭaye tāmbūla-rāgavat mada-śaktivac ca caitanyam utpadyate | tādṛśas tac-catuṣṭaya-bhūto deha evātmā | sa ca sthiro 'pi pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmād utpatti-vināśa-yogīti loka-pratyakṣa-siddham iti lokāyatikā manyante | dehād bhinno vijñāna-svarūpo 'py ātmā pratikṣaṇa-vināśīti vaibhāṣikādayo bauddhā vadanti | tad etad ubhaya-mate 'py ātmanaḥ śocyatvaṃ pratiṣedhati | atheti pakṣāntare | co 'py-arthe | tvaṃ cen mad-ukta-jīvātma-yāthātmyāvagāhanāsamartho lokāyatikādi-pakṣam ālambase, tatra dehātma-pakṣe enaṃ deha-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ nityaṃ vā mṛtaṃ manyase | vā-śabdaś cārthe | tathāpi tvam enaṃ aho bata mahat pāpaṃ ity ādi-vacanaiḥ śocituṃ nārhasi | pariṇāma-svabhāvasya tasya tasya cātmano janma-vināśayor anivāryatvāj janmāntarābhāvena pāpa-bhayāsambhavāc ca | he mahābāho iti sopahāsaṃ sambodhanaṃ kṣatriya-varyasya vaidikasya ca te nedṛśaṃ kumataṃ dhāryam iti bhāvaḥ ||26|

BhG 2.27

śrīdharaḥ : kuta iti ? ata āha jātasyety-ādi | hi yasmāj jātasya svārambhaka-karma-kṣaye mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya ca tad-deha-kṛtena karmaṇā janmāpi dhruvam eva | tasmād evam aparihārye 'rthe avaśyambhāvini janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇe 'rthe tvaṃ vidvān śocitum nārhasi yogyo na bhavasi ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv ātmana ābhūta-saṃplava-sthāyitva-pakṣe ca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-duḥkha-sambhavāt tad-bhayena śocāmīty ata āha dvitīya-ślokena jātasya hīti | hi yasmāj jātasya sva-kṛta-dharmādharmādi-vaśāl labdha-śarīrendriyādi-sambandhasya sthirasyātmano dhruva āvaśyako mṛtyus tac-charīrādi-vicchedas tad-ārambhaka-karma-kṣaya-nimittaḥ saṃyogasya viyogāvasānatvāt | tathā dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca prāg-deha-kṛta-karma-phalopabhogārthaṃ sānuśayasyaiva prastutatvān na jīvan-mukte vyabhicāraḥ | tasmād evam aparihārye parihartum aśakye 'smin janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇe 'rthe viṣaye tvam evaṃ vidvān na śocitum arhasi | tathā ca vakṣyati ṛte 'pi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve [Gītā 11.32] iti | yadi hi tvayā yuddhe 'nāhanyamānā ete jīveyur eva tadā yuddhāya śokas tavocitaḥ syāt | ete tu karma-kṣayāt svayam eva mriyanta iti tat-parihārāsamarthasya tava dṛṣṭ-duḥkha-nimittaḥ śoko nocita iti bhāvaḥ |

evam adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nimitte 'pi śoke tasmād aparihārye 'rthe ity evottaram | yuddhākhyaṃ hi karma kṣatriyasya niyatam agnihotrādivat | tac ca yudha samprahāre ity asmād dhātor niṣpannaṃ śatru-prāṇa-viyogānukūla-śastra-prahāra-rūpaṃ vihitatvāgnīṣomīyādi-siṃhāvan na pratyavāya-janakam | tathā ca gautamaḥ smarati na doṣo hiṃsāyām āhave 'nyatra vyaśvāsārathyanuyudha-kṛtāñjali-prakīrṇa-keśa-parāṅmukhopaviṣṭa-sthala-vṛkṣārūḍha-dūta-go-brāhmaṇa-vādibhyaḥ iti | brāhmaṇa-grahaṇaṃcātrāyoddhṛ-brāhmaṇa-viṣayaṃ gavādi-prāya-pāṭhād iti sthitam | etac ca sarvaṃ svadharmam api cāvekṣyety atra spaṣṭīkariṣyati | tathā ca yuddha-lakṣaṇe 'rthe 'gnihotrādivad vihitatvād aparihārye parihartum aśakye tad-akaraṇe pratyavāya-prasaṅgāt tvam adṛṣṭa-duḥkha-bhayena śocituṃ nārahasīti pūrvavat |

yadi tu yuddhākhyaṃ karma kāmyam eva -

iti yājñavalkya-vacanāt | hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm [Gītā 2.37] iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | tadāpi prārabdhasya kāmyasyāpi avaśya-parisamāpanīyatvena nitya-tulyatvāt tvayā ca yuddhasya prārabdhatvād aparihāryatvaṃ tyulyam eva |

athavātma-nityatva-pakṣa eva śloka-dvayam arjunasya paramāstikasya veda-bāhya-matābhyupagamāsambhavāt | akṣara-yojanā tu nityaś cāsau dehendriyādi-sambandha-vaśāj jātaś ceti nitya-jātas tam enam ātmānaṃ nityam api santaṃ jātaṃ cen manyase tathā nityam api santaṃ mṛtaṃ cen manyase tathāpi tvaṃ nānuśocitum arhasīti hetum āha jātasya hīty ādinā | nityasya jātatvaṃ mṛtatvaṃ ca prāg-vyākhyātam | spaṣṭam anyat | bhāṣyam apy asmin pakṣe yojanīyam ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : hi yasmāt tasya svārambhaka-karma-kṣaye mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya ca tad-deha-kṛtena karmaṇā janmāpi dhruvam eva | aparihārye 'rthe iti mṛtyur janma ca parihartum a]cakyam eva ity arthaḥ ||27||

baladevaḥ : atha śarīrātirikto nitya ātmā | tasyāpūrva-śarīrendriya-yogo janma | pūrva-śarīrendriya-viyogas tu maraṇaṃ tad-ubhayaṃ ca dharmādharma-hetukatvāt tad-āśrayasya nityasyātmano mukhyaṃ, tad-atiriktasya śarīrasya tu gauṇam | tasyānityasya kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgena tad-āśrayatvānupapatter iti tārkikā manyante | tat-pakṣe 'py ātmanaḥ śocyatvaṃ pariharati jātasyeti | hir hetau | jātasya sva-karma-vaśāt prāpta-śarīrādi-yogasya nityasyāpy ātmanas tad-ārambhaka-karma-kṣaya-hetuko mṛtyur dhruvo niścitaḥ | mṛtasya tac-charīra-kṛta-karma-hetukaṃ janma ca dhruvaṃ syāt | tasmād evam aparihārye parihartum aśakye janma-maraṇātmake 'rthe tvaṃ vidvān śocituṃ nārhasi | tvayi yuddhān nivṛtte 'py ete svārambhake karmaṇi kṣīṇe sati mariṣyanty eva | tava tu svadharmād vicyutir bhāvinīti bhāvaḥ ||27||

BhG 2.28

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca dehānāṃ svabhāvaṃ paryālocya tad-upādhike ātmano janma-maraṇe śoko na kārya iti | ata āha avyaktādīnīty ādi | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | tad eva ādir utpatteḥ pūrva-rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyaktādīni | bhūtāni śarīrāṇi | kāraṇātmanāpi sthitānām eva utpatteḥ | tathā vyaktam abhivyaktaṃ madhyaṃ janma-maraṇāntarālaṃ sthiti-lakṣaṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni vyakta-madhyāni | avyakte nidhanaṃ layo yeṣāṃ tānīmāny evaṃ-bhūtāny eva | tatra teṣu kā paridevanā ? kaḥ śoka-nimitto vilāpaḥ ? pratibuddhasya svapna-dṛṣṭa-vastuṣv iva śoko na

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sarva-prakāreṇātmano 'śocyatvam upapāditam athedānīm ātmano 'śocyatve 'pi bhūta-saṅghātātmakāni śarīrāṇy uddiśya śocāmīty arjunāśaṅkām apanudati bhagavān avyaktādīnīti | ādau janmanaḥ prāg-avyaktāni anupalabdhāni bhūtāni pṛthivyādi-bhūta-mayāni śarīrāṇi madhye janmānantaraṃ maraṇāt prāg-vyaktāni upalabdhāni santi | nidhane punar avyaktāny eva bhavanti | yathā svapnendrajālādau pratibhāsa-mātra-jīvanāni śukti-rūpyādivan na tu jñānāt prāg ūrdhvaṃ vā sthitāni dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭy-abhyupagamāt | tathā ca - ādāv ante ca yan nāsti vartamāne 'pi tat tathā [ṃā. Kā. 2.6] iti nyāyena madhye 'pi na santy evaitāni | nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ [Gītā 2.16] iti prāg-ukteś ca |

evaṃ sati tatra teṣu mithyā-bhūteṣv atyanta-tuccheṣu bhūteṣu kā paridevanā ko vā duḥkha-pralāpo na ko 'py ucita ity arthaḥ | na hi svapne vividhān bandhūn upalabhya pratibuddhas tad-vicchedena śocati pṛthag-jano 'pi etad evoktaṃ purāṇe adarśanād āpatitaḥ punaś cādarśanaṃ gataḥ bhūta-saṅgha iti śeṣaḥ | tathā ca śarīrāṇy apy uddiśya śoko nocita iti bhāvaḥ | ākāśādi-mahā-bhūtābhiprāyeṇa vā śloko yojyaḥ | avyaktam avyākṛtam avidyopahita-caitanyam ādiḥ prāg avasthā yeṣāṃ tāni tathā vyaktaṃ nāma-rūpābhyām evāvidyakābhyāṃ prakaṭībhūtaṃ na tu svena paramārtha-sadātmanā madhyaṃ sthity-avasthā yeṣāṃ tādṛśāni bhūtāni ākāśādīni avyakta-nidhanāny evāvyakte sva-kāraṇe mṛd iva ghaṭādīnāṃ nidhanaṃ pralayo yeṣāṃ teṣu bhūteṣu kā paridevaneti pūrvavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt tan-nāma-rūpābhyām eva vyākriyata [BAU 1.4.7] ity ādir avyaktopādānatāṃ sarvasya prapañcasya darśayati | laya-sthānatvaṃ tu tasyārtha-siddhaṃ kāraṇa eva kārya-layasya darśanāt | granthāntare tu vistaraḥ | tathā cājñāna-kalpitatvena tucchāny ākāśādi-bhūtāny apy uddiśya śoko nocitaś cet tat-kāryāṇy uddiśya nocita iti kim u vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ |

athavā sarvadā teṣām avyakta-rūpeṇa vidyamānatvād vicchedābhāvena tan-nimittaḥ pralāpo nocita ity arthaḥ | bhāratety anena sambodhayan śuddha-vaṃśodbhavatvena śāstrīyam arthaṃ pratipattum arho 'si kim iti na pratipadyasa iti sūcayati ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ na jāyate na mriyate ity-ādinā, deha-pakṣe ca jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyuḥ ity anena śoka-viṣayaṃ nirākṛtya idānīm ubhaya-pakṣe 'pi nirākaroti avyakteti | bhūtāni deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādīni | avyaktāni na vyaktaṃ vyaktir ādau janma-pūrva-kāle yeṣāṃ, kintu tadānīm api liṅga-dehaḥ sthūla-dehaś ca svārambhaka-pṛthivy-ādi-sattvāt kāraṇātmanā vartamāno 'spaṣṭam āsīd evety arthaḥ | vyaktaṃ vyaktir madhye yeṣāṃ tāni | na vyakti nidhanād anantaraṃ yeṣāṃ tāni | mahā-pralaye 'pi karma-mātrādīnāṃ sattvāt sūkṣma-rūpeṇa bhūtāni santy eva | tasmāt sarva-bhūtāni ādy-antarayor avyaktāni madhye vyaktānīty arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrutibhiḥ - sthira-cara-jātayaḥ syur ajayottha-nimitta-yujaḥ iti | kā paridevanā kaḥ śoka-nimittaḥ vilāpaḥ ? tathā coktaṃ nāradena -

yan manyase dhruvaṃ lokam adhruvaṃ vā na cobhayam | sarvathā na hi śocyās te snehād anyatra mohajāt || [BhP 1.13.44] iti ||28||

baladevaḥ : atha dehātma-pakṣe ātmātirikta-deha-pakṣe ca deha-vināśa-hetuka-śoko na yuktas tad-ārambhakāṇāṃ bhūta-mātrāṇām avināśād ity āha avyaktādīnīti | avyaktaṃ nāma-rūpa-virahāt sūkṣmaṃ pradhānam ādi ādi-rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyakta-nidhanāni | avyakte tādṛśi pradhāne nidhanaṃ nāma-rūpa-vimardana-lakṣaṇo nāśo yeṣāṃ tāni | mṛd-ādike sad-rūpe dravye kambu-grīvādy-avasthā-yoge ghaṭasyotpattis tad-virodhi-kapālādy-avasthā-yogas tu tasya vināśaḥ kathyate | tad-dravyaṃ sarvadā sthāyīti | evam evāha bhagavān parāśaraḥ - mahī ghaṭatvaṃ ghaṭataḥ kapālikā cūrṇa-rajas tato 'ṇuḥ [ViP 2.12.42] iti | evaṃ śarīrāṇy ādy-antayor nāma-rūpāyogād avyaktimanti | madhye tu tad-yogād vyaktimanti | tad-ārambhakāni bhūtāni tu sarvadā santīti teṣu vastutaḥ satsu kā paridevanā kaḥ śoka-nimitta-vilāpa ity arthaḥ | dehānya-nityātma-pakṣe tu vāsāṃsi ity ādikaṃ na vismartavyam | yat tv ādy-antayor asattvān madhye 'pi bhūtāny asanty evātaḥ svāpnika-rathāśvādi-prakhyāni mṛṣā-bhūtāny eva tena tad-viyoga-hetukaḥ śokaḥ pratibuddhasya na dṛṣṭa iti dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭim abhyupaityāhus tan mandaṃ tad-abhyupagame vaidikāsatkāryavādāpatteḥ | tad evaṃ mata-dvaye 'pi deha-vināśa-hetukaḥ śoko nāstīti siddham ||28||

BhG 2.29

śrīdharaḥ : kutas tarhi vidvāṃso 'pi loke śocanti ? ātmā-jñānād eva ity āśayenātmano durvijñeyatvam āha āścaryavad ityādi | kaścid enam ātmānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ paśyann āścaryavat paśyati | sarva-gatasya nitya-jñānānada-svabhāvasyātmanaḥ alaukikatvād aindrajālikavad ghaṭamānaṃ paśyann iva vismayena paśyati asambhāvanābhibhūtatvāt | tathā āścaryavad anyo vadati ca | śṛṇoti cānyaḥ | kaścit punaḥ viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtaḥ śrutvāpi naiva veda | ca-śabdād uktvāpi na dṛṣṭvāpi na samyag vedeti draṣṭavyam ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu vidvāṃso 'pi bahavaḥ śocanti tat kiṃ mām eva punaḥ punar evam upālabhase | anyac ca vaktur eva hi taj jāḍyaṃ śrotā yatra na budhyate iti nyāyāt tvad-vacanārthāpartipattiś ca tavāpy anyeṣām iva svāśaya-doṣād iti nokta-doṣa-dvayam ity abhipretyātmano durvijñeyatām āha āścaryavad iti |

enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinam āścaryeṇādbhutena tulyatayā vartamānam āvidyaka-nānā-vidha-viruddha-dharmavattayā satanm apy asantam iva sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpam api jaḍam ivānanda-ghanam api duḥkhitam iva nirvikāram api savikāram iva nityam anityam iva prakāśamānam apy aprakāśamānam iva brahmābhinnam api tad-bhinnam iva muktam api baddham ivādvitīyam api sa-dvitīyam iva sambhāvita-vicitrānekākāra-pratīti-viṣayaṃ paśyati śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām āvidyaka-sarva-dvaita-niṣedhena paramātma-svarūpa-mātrākārāyāṃ vedānta-mahā-vākya-janyāyāṃ sarva-sukṛta-phala-bhūtāyām antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttau pratiphalitaṃ samādhi-paripākena sākṣātkaroti kaścic chama-damādi-sādhana-sampanna-carama-śarīraḥ kaścid eva na tu sarvaḥ | tathā kaścid enaṃ yat paśyati tad āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇam | ātma-darśanam apy āścaryavad eva yat svarūpato mithyā-bhūtam api satyasya vyañjakam āvidyakam apy avidyāyā vighātakam avidyām upaghnat tat-kāryatayā svātmānam apy upahantīti | tathā yaḥ kaścid enaṃ paśyati sa āścaryavad iti kartṛ-viśeṣaṇam | yato 'sau nivṛttāvidyātat-kāryo 'pi prārabdha-karma-prābalyāt tadvān iva vyaharati sarvadā samādhi-niṣṭho 'pi vyuttiṣṭhati vyutthito 'pi punaḥ samādhim anubhavatīti prārabdha-karma-vaicitryād vicitra-caritraḥ prāpta-duṣprāpa-jñānatvāt sakala-loka-spṛhaṇīyo 'ta āścaryavad eva bhavati | tad etat trayam apy āścaryam ātmā taj jñānaṃ taj-jñātā ceti parama-durvijñeyam ātmānaṃ tvaṃ katham anāyāsena jānīyā ity abhiprāyaḥ |

īvam upadeṣṭur abhāvād apy ātmā durvijñeyaḥ | yo hy ātmānaṃ jānāti sa eva tam anyasmai dhruvaṃ brūyāt | ajñasyopadeṣṭṛtvāsambhavāt, jānaṃs tu samāhita-cittaḥ prāyeṇa kathaṃ bravītu | vyutthita-citto 'pi pareṇa jñātum aśakyaḥ | yathā kathaṃcij jñāto 'pi lābha-pūjā-khyāty-ādi-prayojanānapekṣatvāc ca bravīty eva | kathaṃcit kāruṇya-mātreṇa bruvaṃs tu parameśvaravad atyanta-durlabha evety āha āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānya iti | yathājānāti tathaiva vadati | enam ity anukarṣaṇārthaś ca-kāraḥ | sa cānyaḥ sarvājña-jana-vilakṣaṇaḥ | na tu yaḥ paśyati tato 'nya iti vyāghātāt | atrāpi karmaṇi kriyāyāṃ kartari cāścaryavad iti yojyam | tatra karmaṇaḥ kartuś ca prāg āścaryavattvaṃ vyākhyātaṃ kriyāyās tu vyākhyāyate | sarva-śabdāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano yad vacanaṃ tad āścaryavat | tathā ca śrutiḥ - yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha iti | kenāpi śabdenāvācyasya śuddhasyātmano viśiṣṭa-śaktena padena jahad-ajahat-svārtha-lakṣaṇāyā kalpita-sambandhena lakṣyatāvacchedakam antareṇaiva pratipādanaṃ tad api nirvikalpa-sākṣātkāra-rūpam atyāścaryam ity arthaḥ |

athavā vinā śaktiṃ vinā lakṣaṇāṃ vinā sambandhāntaraṃ suṣuptotthāpaka-vākya-vat tattvam asyādi-vākyena yadātmatattva-pratipādanaṃ tad āścaryavat | śabda-śakter acintyatvāt | na ca vinā sambandhaṃ bodhanen 'tiprasaṅgaḥ lakṣaṇā-pakṣe 'pi tulyatvāt | śakya-sambandhasyāneka-sādhāraṇatvāt | tātparya-viśeṣān niyama iti cet, na | tasyāpi sarvān praty aviśeṣāt | kaścid eva tātparya-viśeṣam avadhārayati na sarva iti cet | hanta tarhi puruṣa-gata eva kaścid viśeṣo nirdoṣatva-rūpo niyāmakaḥ | na cāsmin pakṣe 'pi na daṇḍa-vāritaḥ | tathā ca yādṛśasya śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya tātparyānusandhāna-puraḥ-saraṃ lakṣaṇayā vākyārtha-bodho bhavadbhir aṅgī kriyate tādṛśasyaiva kevalaḥ śabda-viśeṣo 'khaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ vināpi sambandhena janayatīti kim anupapannam | etasmin pakṣe śabda-vṛtty-aviṣayatvād yato vāco nivartanta iti sutarām upapannam | ayaṃ ca bhagavad-abhiprāyo vārtika-kāraiḥ prapañcitaḥ -

ity ādinā granthena |

tad evaṃ vacana-viṣayasya vaktur vacana-kriyāyāś cātyāścarya-rūpatvād ātmano durvijñānatvam uktvā śrotur durmilatvād api tad āha āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti śrtuvā 'py enaṃ vedeti | anyo draṣṭur vaktuśc a muktād vilakṣaṇo mumukṣur vaktāraṃ brahma-vidaṃ vidhivad upasṛtyainaṃ śṛṇoti śravaṇākhya-vicāra-viṣayī karoti vedānta-vākya-tātparya-niścayenāvadhārayatīti yāvat | śrutvā cainaṃ manana-nididhyāsana-paripākād vedāpi sākṣātkaroty api āścaryavat | tathā cāścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam iti vyākhyātam | atrāpi kartur āścarya-rūpatvam aneka-janmānuṣṭhita-sukṛta-kṣālita-mano-malatayātidurlabhatvāt | tathā ca vakṣyati -

manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaś cid yatati siddhaye |

śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ śṛṇvanto 'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ | āścaryo vaktā kuśalo 'sya labdhā

evaṃ śravaṇa-śrotavyayor āścaryatvaṃ prāgvad vyākhyeyam |

nanu yaḥ śravaṇa-mananādikaṃ karoti sa ātmānaṃ vedeti kim āścaryam ata āha - na caiva kaścid iti | ca-kāraḥ kriyā-karma-padayor anuṣaṅgārthaḥ | kaścid enaṃ naiva veda śravaṇādikaṃ kurvann api | tad akurvaṃs tu na vedeti kim u vaktavyam | aihikam aprastuta-pratibandhe tad-darśanāt [Vs. 3.4.51] iti nyāyāt | uktaṃ ca vārtika-kāraiḥ -

kutas taj-jñānam iti cet tad dhi bandha-parikṣayāt |

śravaṇādi kurvatām api pratibandha-parikṣayād eva jñānaṃ jāyate | anyathā tu na | sa ca pratibandha-parikṣayaḥ kasyacid bhūta eva | yathā hiraṇyagarbhasya | kasyacid bhāvī | yathā vāsudevasya | kasyacid vartate | yathā śvetaketoḥ | tathā ca pratibandha-kṣaya-syātidurlabhatvāt | jñānam utpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayāt pāpasya karmaṇaḥ iti smṛteś ca durvijñeyo 'yam ātmeti nirgalito 'rthaḥ |

yadi tu śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścid ity eva vyākhyāyeta tadā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti śrutyaika-vākyatā na syāt | yatatām api siddhānāṃ kaś cin māṃ vetti tattvataḥ [Gītā 7.3] iti bhagavad-vacana-virodhaś ceti vidvadbhir avinayaḥ kṣantavyaḥ | athavā na caiva kaścid ity asya sarvatra sambandhaḥ kaścid enaṃ na paśyati na vadati na śṛṇoti śrutvāpi na vedeti pañca prakārā uktāḥ kaścit paśyaty eva na vadati kaścit paśyati na vadati ca kaścit tad-vacanaṃ śṛṇoti ca tad-arthaṃ jānāti ca kaścic chrutvāpi na jānāti na kaścit tu sarva-bahirbhūta iti | avidvat-pakṣe tu asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhibhūtatvād āścarya-tulyatvaṃ darśana-vadana-śravaṇeṣv iti nigada-vyākhyātaḥ ślokaḥ | caturtha-pāde tu dṛṣṭvoktvā śrutvāpīti yojanā ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu kim idam āścaryaṃ brūṣe | kiṃ caitad apy āścaryam | yad eva prabodhyamānasyāpy aviveko nāpayātīti tatra satyam evem eva ity āha āścaryavad iti | enam ātmānaṃ dehaṃ ca tad-ubhaya-rūpaṃ sarva-lokam ||29||

baladevaḥ : nanu sarvajñena tvayā bahūpadiśyamāno 'py ahaṃ śoka-nivārakam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ na budhye kim etad iti cet tatrāha āścaryavad iti | vijñānāndobhaya-svarūpatve 'pi tad-bhedāpratiyoginaṃ vijñāna-svarūpatve 'pi vijñātṛtayā santaṃ paramāṇutve 'pi vyāpta-bṛhat-kāyaṃ nānā-kāya-sambandhe 'pi tat-tad-vikārair aspṛṣṭam evam ādi bahu-viruddha-dharmatayāścaryavad adbhuta-sādṛśyena sthitam enaṃ mad-upadiṣṭaṃ jīvaṃ kaścid eva svadharmānuṣṭhānena satya-tapo-japādinā ca vimṛṣṭa-hṛd-guru-prasāda-labdha-tādṛśa-jñānaḥ paśyati yāthātmyenānubhavati | āścaryavad iti kriyā-viśeṣaṇaṃ vā kartṛ-viśeṣaṇaṃ veti vyākhyātāraḥ kaścid enam yat paśyati tad āścaryavat | yaḥ kaścit paśyati so 'py āścaryavad ity arthaḥ | evam agre 'pi | śrutvāpy enam iti kaścit samyag amṛṣṭa-hṛd ity arthaḥ | tathā ca duradhigamaṃ jīvātmayāthātmyam | śrutir apy evam āha -

śravaṇāyāpi bahubhir yo na labhyaḥ śṛṇvanto 'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ | āścaryo vaktā kuśalo 'sya labdhā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭa || [KaṭhU 1.2.7] iti ||29||

BhG 2.30

śrīdharaḥ : tad evam avadhyatvam ātmanaḥ saṅkṣepenopadiśan aśocyatvam upasaṃharati dehīty ādi | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇa-bhrama-nivṛtti-sādhanam uktam upasaṃharati dehīti | sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya dehe vadhyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī liṅga-dehopādhir ātmā vadhyo na bhavatīti nityaṃ niyataṃ yasmāt tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni sthūlāni sūkṣmāṇi ca bhīṣmādi-bhāvāpannāny uddiśya tvaṃ na śocitum arhasi | sthūla-dehasyāśocyatvam aparihāryatvāt | liṅga-dehasyāśocyatvam ātmavad evāvadhyatvād iti na sthūla-dehasya liṅga-dehasyātmano vā śocyatvaṃ yuktam iti bhāvaḥ ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi niścitya brūhi kim ahaṃ kuryāṃ kiṃ vā na kuryām iti | tatra śokaṃ mā kuru yuddhaṃ tu kurv ity āha dehīti dvābhyām ||30||

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ duradhigamaṃ jīva-yāthātmyaṃ samāsenopadiśann aśocyatvam upasaṃharati dehīti | sarvasya jīva-gaṇasya dehe hanyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī jīvo nityam avadhyo yasmāt tasmāt tvaṃ sarvāṇi bhūtāni bhīṣmādi-bhāvāpannāni śocituṃ nārhasi | ātmanāṃ nityatvād aśocyatvaṃ tad-dehānāṃ tv avaśya-vināśatvāt tattvam ity arthaḥ ||30||

BhG 2.31

śrīdharaḥ : yac coktam arjunena vepathuś ca śarīre me ity ādi tad apy ayuktam ity āha svadharmam apīti | ātmano nāśābhāvād eva etesāṃ hanane 'pi vikampituṃ nārhasi | kiṃ ca svadharmam apy avekṣya vikampitum nārhasi iti sambandhaḥ | yac coktaṃ - na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhava iti tatrāha dharmyād iti | dharmād anapetān nyāyād yuddhād anyat ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sthūla-sūkṣma-śarīra-dvaya-tat-kāraṇāvidyākhyopādhi-trayāvivekena mithyābhūtasyāpi saṃsārasya satyatvātma-dharmatvādi-pratibhāsa-rūpaṃ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇam arjunasya bhramaṃ nirākartum upādhi-traya-vivekenātma-svarūpam abhihitavān | samprati yuddhākhye sva-dharme hiṃsādi-bāhulyenādharmatva-pratibhāsa-rūpam arjunasyaiva karuṇādi-doṣa-nibandhanam asādhāraṇaṃ bhramaṃ nirākartuṃ hiṃsādimattve 'pi yuddhasya sva-dharmatvenādharmatvābhāvaṃ bodhayati bhagavān svadharmam apīti |

na kevalaṃ paramārtha-tattvam evāvekṣya kiṃ tu svadharmam api kṣatriya-dharmam api yuddhāparāṅmukhatva-rūpam avekṣya śāstrataḥ paryālocya vikampituṃ vicalituṃ dharmād adharmatva-bhrāntyā nivartituṃ nārhasi | tatraivaṃ sati yadyapy ete na paśyanti ity ādinā narake niyataṃ vāso bhavati ity antena yuddhasya pāpa-hetutvaṃ tvayā yad uktaṃ kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye ity ādinā ca guru-vadha-brahma-vadhādy-akaraṇaṃ yad abhihitaṃ tat sarvaṃ dharma-śāstra-paryālocanād evoktam | kasmāt ? hi yasmād dharmyād aparāṅmukhatva-dharmād anapetād yuddhād anyat kṣatriyasya śreyaḥ śreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ na vidyate | yuddham eva hi pṛthivī-jaya-dvāreṇa prajā-rakṣaṇa-brāhmaṇa-śuśrūṣādi-kṣātra-dharma-nirvāhakam iti tad eva kṣatriyasya praśastataram ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā coktaṃ parāśareṇa -

kṣatriyo hi prajā rakṣan śastra-pāṇiḥ pradaṇḍayan | nirjitya para-sainyādi kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet || [Parāśara-smṛti 1.58] iti ||31||

manunāpi -

saṃgrāmeṣv anivartitvaṃ prajānāṃ caiva pālanam |

rāja-śabdaś ca kṣatriya-jāti-mātra-vācīti sthitam eveṣṭhy-adhikaraṇe | tena bhūmi-pālasyaivāyaṃ dharma iti na bhramitavyam | udāhṛta-vacane 'pi kṣatriyo hīti kṣāttraṃ dharmam iti ca spaṣṭaṃ liṅgam | tasmāt kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ praśasto dharma iti sādhu bhagavato 'bhihitam | apaśavo 'nye go-aśvebhyaḥ paśavo go-aśvāḥ itivat praśaṃsā-lakṣaṇayā yuddhād anyac-chreyaḥ-sādhanaṃ na vidyata ity uktam iti na doṣaḥ | etena yuddhāt praśastataraṃ kiṃcid anuṣṭhātuṃ tato nivṛttir uciteti nirastam | na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ity etad api ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : ātmano nāśābhāvād eva vadhād vikampituṃ bhetuṃ nārhasi | svadharmam api cāvekṣya na vikampitum arhasīti sambandhaḥ ||31||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ paramātma-jñānopayogitvād ādau jīvātma-jñānaṃ sarvān prati taulyenopadiśya sa-niṣṭhān prati niṣkāmatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi hṛd-viśuddhi-sahakṛtām ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ niṣpādayantīti vadiṣyan tasyāṃ pratītim utpādayituṃ sakāmatayānuṣṭhitānāṃ karmaṇāṃ kāmya-phala-pradatvam āha dvābhyām svadharmam apīti |

yuddhaṃ khalu kṣatriyasya nityatam agnihotrādivad vihitam | tac ca śatru-prāṇa-vihaṃsana-rūpam agniṣṭomādi-paśu-hiṃsanavan na pratyavāya-nimittam | ubhayatra hiṃseyam upakṛti-rūpaiva | hīnayor deha-lokayos tyāgena divyayos tayor lobhāt | āha caivaṃ smṛtiḥ -

yajñeṣu paśavo brahman hanyante satataṃ dvijaiḥ | saṃskṛtāḥ kila mantraiś ca te 'pi svargam avāpnuvan || [?] ity ādyā |

evaṃ nija-dharmam avekṣya vikampituṃ dharmāt pracalituṃ nārhasi | yuktaṃ na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmīty ādinā narake nityataṃ vāso bhavatīyt antyena yuddhasya pāpa-hetutvaṃ tvayoktam | tac cājñānād evety āha dharmyād iti | yuddham eva bhūmi-jaya-dvārā prajā-pālana-guru-vipra-saṃsevanādi-kṣātra-dharma-nirvāhīti | evam āha bhagavān parāśaraḥ -

kṣatriyo hi prajā rakṣan śastra-pāṇiḥ pradaṇḍayan | nirjitya para-sainyādi kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet || [Parāśara-smṛti 1.58] iti ||31||

BhG 2.32

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca mahati śreyasi svayam evopāgate sati kuto vikampasa iti | ata āha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā aprārthitam eva upapannaṃ prāptam īdṛśaṃ yuddham labhante | yato nirāvaraṇaṃ svarga-dvāram evaitat | yad vā ya evaṃvidhaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante ta eva sukhina ity arthaḥ | etena svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava iti yad uktaṃ tan nirastaṃ bhavati ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yuddhasya kartavyatve 'pi na bhīṣma-droṇādibhir gurubhiḥ saha tat kartum ucitam atigarhitatvād ity āśaṅkyāha yadṛcchayeti | yadṛcchayā sva-prayatna-vyatirekeṇa | co 'vadhāraṇe | aprārthanayaivopasthitam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣma-droṇādi-vīra-puruṣa-pratiyogikaṃ kīrti-rājya-lābha-dṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanaṃ yuddhaṃ ye kṣatriyāḥ pratiyogitvena labhante te sukhinaḥ sukha-bhāja eva | jaye satyenāyāsenaiva yaśaso rājyasya ca lābhāt | parājaye cātiśīghram eva svargasya lābhād ity āha svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam iti | apratibaddhaṃ svarga-sādhanaṃ yuddham avyavadhānenaiva svarga-janakaṃ jyotiṣṭhomādikaṃ tu ciratareṇa deha-pātasya pratibandhābhāvasya cāpekṣaṇād ity arthaḥ | svarga-dvāram ity anena śyenādivat pratyavāya-śaṅkā parihṛtā | śyenādayo hi vihitā api phala-doṣeṇa duṣṭāḥ | tat-phalasya śatru-vadhasya na hiṃsyāt sarvā bhūtāni, brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt ity ādi-śāstra-niṣiddhasya pratyavāya-janakatvāt phale vidhy-abhāvāc ca na vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyāvatāraḥ | yuddhasya hi phalaṃ svargaḥ sa ca na niṣiddhaḥ | tathā ca manuḥ --

āhaveṣu mitho 'nyonyaṃ jighāṃsanto mahīkṣitaḥ |

yuddhaṃ tu agnīṣomīyādy-ālambha-vadha-vihitatvān na niṣedhena spraṣṭuṃ śakyate ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇādivat | grahaṇāgrahayos tulya-balatayā vikalpavat sāmānya-śāstrasya viśeṣa-śāstreṇa saṅkoca-sambhavāt | tathā ca vidhi-spṛṣṭe niṣedhānavakāśaḥ iti nyāyād yuddhaṃ na pratyavāya-janakaṃ nāpi bhīṣma-droṇādi-guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimitto doṣaḥ | teṣām ātatāyitvāt | tad uktaṃ manunā -

iti yājñavalkya-vacanād ātatāyi-brāhmaṇa-vadhe 'pi pratyavāyo 'sty eva | brāhmaṇaṃ na hanyāt iti hi dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvād dharma-śāstraṃ, jighāṃsantaṃ jighāṃsīyān na tena brahmahā bhavet iti ca sva-jīvanārthatvād artha-śāstram |

atrocyate brahmaṇe brāhmaṇam ālabheta itivad yuddha-vidhāyakam api dharma-śāstram eva sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra dṛṣṭa-prayojanānapekṣatvasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt | yājñavalkya-vacanaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-prayojanoddeśyaka-kūṭa-yuddhādi-kṛta-vadha-viṣayam ity adoṣaḥ | mitākṣarākāras tu dharmārtha-sannipāte 'rtha-grāhiṇa etad eveti dvādaśa-vārṣika-prāyaścittasyaitac-chabda-parāmṛṣṭasyāpastambena vidhānān mitra-labdhyādy-artha-śāstrānusāreṇa catuṣpād vyavahāre śatror api jaye dharma-śāstrātikramo na kartavya ity etat paraṃ vacanam etad ity āha | bhavatv evaṃ na no hāniḥ | tad evaṃ yuddha-karaṇe sukhokteḥ svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca, jetṛbhyaḥ sakāśād api nyāya-yuddhe mṛtānām adhikaṃ sukham ato bhīṣmādīn hatvā tān pratyuta svato 'pi adhika-sukhinaḥ kuru ity āha yadṛcchayeti | svarga-sādhanaṃ karma-yogam akṛtvāpīty arthaḥ | apāvṛtam apagatāvaraṇam ||32||

baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāyatnād āgate 'smin mahati śreyasi na yuktas te kampa ity āha yadṛcchayeti | co 'vadhāraṇe | yatnaṃ vinaiva copapannam īdṛśaṃ bhīṣmādibhir mahā-vīraiḥ saha yuddhaṃ sukhinaḥ sabhāgyāḥ kṣatriyā labhante | vijaye satya-śrameṇa kīrti-rājyayor mṛtyau sati śīghram eva svargasya ca prāpter ity arthaḥ | etad vyañjayan viśinaṣṭi - svarga-dvāram upāvṛtam iti | apratiruddha-svarga-sādhanam ity arthaḥ | jyotiṣṭomādikaṃ ciratareṇa svargopalambhakam iti tato 'syātiśayaḥ ||32||

BhG 2.33

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāhaṃ yuddha-phala-kāmaḥ | na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa, api trailokya-rājyasya ity uktatvāt tat kathaṃ mayā kartavyam ity āśaṅkyākaraṇe doṣam āha atha ced iti | atheti pakṣāntare | imaṃ bhīṣma-droṇādi-vīra-puruṣa-pratiyogikaṃ dharmyaṃ hiṃsādi-doṣaṇāduṣṭaṃ satāṃ dharmād anapetām iti vā | sa ca manunā darśitaḥ -

nāyudha-vyasana-prāptaṃ nārtaṃ nātiparikṣataṃ |

athavā 'neka-janmārjitaṃ dharmaṃ tyaktvā rāja-kṛtaṃ pāpam evāvāpsyasīty arthaḥ | yasmāt tvāṃ parāvṛttam ete duṣṭā avaśyaṃ haniṣyanti ataḥ parāvṛtta-hataḥ saṃś ciropārjita-nija-sukṛta-parityāgena paropārjita-duṣkṛta-mātra-bhāṅ mā bhūr ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā ca manuḥ -

yac cāsya sukṛtaṃ kiṃcid amutrārtham upārjitam |

yājñavalkyo 'pi rājā sukṛtam ādatte hatānāṃ vipalāyinām iti | tena yad uktam - pāpam evāśrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ [Gītā 1.36], etān na hantum icchāmi ghanto 'pi madhusūdana [Gītā 1.35] iti tan nirākṛtaṃ bhavati ||33||

baladevaḥ : vipakṣe doṣān darśayati athety ādibhiḥ | svasya tava dharmyaṃ yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ kīrtiṃ ca rudra-santoṣaṇa-nivāta-kavacādi-vadha-labdhāṃ hitvā pāpaṃ na nivarteta saṅgrāmād ity ādi smṛti-pratiṣiddhaṃ sva-dharma-tyāga-lakṣaṇaṃ prāpsyasi ||33||

BhG 2.34

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca akīrtim ity ādi | avyayām śāśvatīm | saṃbhāvitasya bahu-matasya | atiricyate adhikatarā bhavati ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ kīrti-dharmayor iṣṭayor aprāptir aniṣṭasya ca pāpasya prāptir yuddha-parityāge darśitā | tatra pāpākhyam aniṣṭaṃ vyavadhānena duḥkha-phaladam āmutrikatvāt | śiṣṭa-garhā-lakṣaṇaṃ tv aniṣṭam āsanna-phaladam atyasahyam ity āha akīrtim iti | bhūtāni devarṣi-manuṣyādīni te tavāvyayāṃ dīrgha-kālam akīrtiṃ na dharmātmāyaṃ na śūro 'yam ity evaṃ-rūpāṃ kathayiṣyanty anyonyaṃ kathā-prasaṅge | kīrti-dharma-nāśa-samuccayārthau nipātau | na kevalaṃ kīrti-dharmau hitvā pāpaṃ prāpsyasi api tu akīrtiṃ ca prāpsyasi | na kevalaṃ tvam eva tāṃ prāpsyasi api tu bhūtāny api kathayiṣyantīti vā nipātayor arthaḥ |

nanu yuddhe sva-maraṇa-sandehāt tat-parihārārtham akīrtir api soḍhavyā ātma-rakṣaṇasyātyantāpekṣitatvāt | tathā coktaṃ śānti-parvaṇi[*ENDNOTE] --

evam eva manunāpy uktam |

tathā ca maraṇa-bhītasya kim akīrti-duḥkham iti śaṅkām apanudati sambhāvitasya dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhir ananya-labhyair guṇair bahumatasya janasyākīrtir maraṇād apy atiricyate 'dhikā bhavati | co hetau | evaṃ yasmād ato 'kīrter maraṇam eva varaṃ nyūnatvāt | tvam apy atirsambhāvito 'si mahādevādi-samāgamena | ato nākīrti-duḥkhaṃ soḍhuṃ śakṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ | udāhṛta-vacanaṃ tv artha-śāstratvāt na nivarteta saṅgrāmāt [Manu 7.88] ity ādi-dharma-śāstrād durbalam iti bhāvaḥ ||34||

viśvanāthaḥ : avyayām anaśvarām | saṃbhāvitasyātipratiṣṭhitasya ||34||

baladevaḥ : na kevalaṃ svadharmasya kīrteś ca kṣati-mātram | yuddhe samārabdhe 'rjunaḥ palāyata ity avyayāṃ śāśvatīm akīrtiṃ ca tava bhūtāni sarve lokāḥ kathayiṣyanti | nanu maraṇād bhītena mayā akīrtiḥ soḍhavyeti cet tatrāha sambhāvitasyātipratiṣṭhitasya | atiricyate adhikā bhavati | tathā ca tādṛśākīṛter maraṇam eva varam iti ||34||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca bhayād iti | yeṣāṃ bahu-guṇatvena tvaṃ pūrvaṃ sammato 'bhūs ta eva bhayāt saṃgrāmān nivṛttaṃ tvāṃ manyeran | tataś ca pūrvaṃ bahumato bhūtvā lāghavam laghutāṃ yāsyasi ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : yeṣāṃ tvaṃ bahu-mato 'smac-chatrur arjunas tu mahāśūra iti bahu-saṃmāna-viṣayo bhūtvā samprati yuddhād uparame sati lāghavaṃ yāsyasi te duryodhanādayo mahārathās tvāṃ bhayād eva raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyanta ity anvayaḥ | kṣatriyāṇāṃ hi bhayaṃ vinā yuddhoparati-hetur bandhu-snehādiko nopapadyata iti matveti bhāvaḥ ||35||

baladevaḥ : nanu kula-kṣaya-doṣāt kāruṇyāc ca vinivṛttasya mama katham akīrtiḥ syād iti cet tatrāha bhayād iti | mahārathā duryodhanādayas tvāṃ karṇādi-bhayān na tu bandhu-kāruṇyād raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyante | na hi śūrasya śatru-bhayaṃ vinā bandhu-snehena yuddhād uparatir ity arthaḥ | itaḥ pūrvaṃ yeṣāṃ tvaṃ bahumataḥ śūro vairīti bahu-guṇavattayā saṃmato 'bhūr idānīṃ yuddhe samupasthite kātaro 'yaṃ vinivṛtta ity evaṃ tat-kṛtaṃ lāghavaṃ duḥsahaṃ yāsyasi ||35||

BhG 2.36

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca avācya-vādān iti | avācyān vādān vacanānarhān śabdān tava ahitāḥ tvac-chatravo vadiṣyanti ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhīṣmādayo mahārathā na bahu manyantāṃ duryodhanādayas tu śatravo bahu maṃsyante māṃ yuddha-nivṛttyā tad-upakāritvād ity ata āha avācyeti | tavāsādhāraṇaṃ yat sāmarthyaṃ loka-prasiddhaṃ tan nindantas tava śatravo duryodhanādayo 'vācyān vādān vacanān arhān ṣaṇḍha-tilādi-rūpān eva śabdān bahūn aneka-prakārān vadiṣyanti na tu bahu maṃsyanta ity abhiprāyaḥ | athavā tava sāmarthyaṃ stuti-yogyatvaṃ tava nindanto 'hitā avācya-vādān vadiṣyantīty anvayaḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : avācya-vādān | klība ity ādi kaṭūktīḥ ||36||

baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāvācyeti | ahitāḥ śatravo dhārtarāṣṭrās tava sāmarthyaṃ pūrva-siddhaṃ parākramaṃ nindantaḥ bahūn avācya-vādān śaṇḍhatilādi-śabdān vadiṣyanti | tata evaṃvidhāvācya-vāda-śravaṇād atiśāyitaṃ kiṃ duḥkham asti | itthaṃ caite ṣaḍbhir yuddha-vairāgyasyāsvargatvam akīrti-karatvaṃ coktaṃ darśitam ||36||

BhG 2.37

śrīdharaḥ : yad uktaṃ na caitad vidmaḥ [Gītā 2.6] iti tatrāha hato vety ādi | pakṣa-dvaye 'pi tava lābha evety arthaḥ ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tarhi yuddhe gurv-ādi-vadha-vaśān madhyastha-kṛtā nindā tato nivṛttau tu śatru-kṛtā nindety ubhayataḥ pāśā rajjur ity āśaṅkya jaye parājaye ca lābha-dhrauvyād yuddhārtham evotthānam āvaśyakam ity āha hato veti | spaṣṭaṃ pūrvārdham | yasmād ubhayathāpi te lābhas tasmāj jeṣyāmi śatrūn mariṣyāmi veti kṛta-niścayaḥ san yuddhāyottiṣṭha | nayatara-phala-sandehe 'pi yuddha-kartavyatāyā niścitatvāt | etena na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyaḥ [Gītā 2.6] ity ādi parihṛtam ||37||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yuddhe mama jaya eva bhāvīty api nāsti niścayaḥ | tataś ca kathaṃ yuddhe pravartitavyam ity ata āha hata iti ||37||

baladevaḥ : nanu yuddhe vijaya eva me syād iti niścayābhāvāt tato 'haṃ nivṛtto 'smīti cet tatrāha hato veti | pakṣa-dvaye 'pi te lābha eveti bhāvaḥ ||37||

BhG 2.38

śrīdharaḥ : yad apy uktaṃ pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] iti tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe ity ādi | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tathā tayoḥ kāraṇa-bhūtau lābhālābhāv api | tayor api kāraṇa-bhūtāu jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā | eteṣāṃ samatve kāraṇaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-rāhityam | yujyasva sannadho bhava | sukhādy-abhilāsaṃ hitvā svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānaḥ pāpaṃ na prāpsyasīty arthaḥ ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv evaṃ svargam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tasya nityatva-vyāghātaḥ | rājyam uddiśya yuddha-karaṇe tv artha-śāstratvād dharma-śāstrāpekṣayā daurbalyaṃ syāt | tataś ca kāmyasyākaraṇe kutaḥ pāpaṃ dṛṣṭārthasya guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadhasya kuto dharmatvaṃ, tathā cātha ced iti ślokārtho vyāhata iti cet tatrāha sukha-duḥkhe iti |

samatā-karaṇaṃ rāga-dveṣa-rāhityam | sukhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe lābhe tat-kāraṇe jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā, evaṃ duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetāv ajaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva sannadhau bhava | evaṃ sukha-kāmanāṃ duḥkha-nivṛtti-kāmanāṃ vā vihāya svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamāno guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittaṃ ca pāpaṃ na prāpsyasi | yas tu phala-kāmanayā karoti sa guru-brāhmaṇādi-vadha-nimittaṃ pāpaṃ prāpnoti yo vā na karoti sa nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittam | ataḥ phala-kāmanām antareṇa kurvann ubhaya-vidham api pāpaṃ na prāpnotīti prāg eva vyākhyāto 'bhiprāyaḥ | hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm [Gītā 2.37] iti svānuṣaṅgika-phala-kathanam iti na doṣaḥ | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati - tad yathāmre phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāvanūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | ato yuddha-śāstrasyārtha-śāstratvābhāvāt pāpam evāśrayed asmān [Gītā 1.36] ity ādi nirākṛtaṃ bhavati ||38||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tava sarvathā yuddham eva dharmas tad api yad imaṃ pāpa-kāraṇam āśaṅkase, tarhi mattaḥ pāpānutpatti-prakāraṃ śikṣitvā yudhyasvety āha sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā | tad-dhetur lābhālābhau rājya-lābha-rāja-cyūtī api | tad-dhetur jayājayāv api samau kṛtvā vivekena tulyau vibhāvety arthaḥ | tataś caivaṃ-bhūta-sāmya-lakṣaṇe jñānavatas tava pāpaṃ naiva bhavet | yad vakṣyate lipyate na sa pāpena padma-patram ivāmbhasā [Gītā 5.10] iti ||38||

baladevaḥ : nanu atha cet tvam ity ādi-padyārtho vyāhṛtaḥ | rājyādy-uddeśena kṛtasya yuddhasya guru-viprādi-vināśa-hetutvena pāpotpādakatvād iti cen mumukṣu-vartmanā yuddhamānasya tava tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ pāpaṃ na syād ity āha sukheti | sāmya-karaṇam iha tatra tatra nirvikāratvaṃ bodhyam | sukhe tad-dhetau jaye ca rāgam akṛtvā duḥkhe tad-dhetāv alābhe tad-dhetau parājaye ca dveṣam akṛtvā tatra tatra nirvikāra-cittaḥ san tato yuddhāya yujyasva | kevala-svadharma-dhiyā yoddhum udyukto bhavety arthaḥ | evaṃ mumukṣu-rītyā yoddhā tvaṃ pāpaṃ tad-vināśa-hetukaṃ nāvāpsyasi | phalecchuḥ san yo yudhyate sa tat-pāpaṃ vindati | vijñānārthī tu purātanam ananta-pāpam apanudatīty arthaḥ |

BhG 2.39

śrīdharaḥ : upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharaṃs tat-sādhanaṃ karma-yogaṃ prastauti eṣety ādi | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyā samyak jñānam | tasyāṃ prakāśamānam ātma-tattvaṃ sāṅkhyam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣā tavābhihitā | evam abhihitāyām api tava ced ātma-tattvam aparokṣaṃ na bhavati tarhy antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvārā ātma-tattvāparokṣārthaṃ karma-yoga tv imāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | yayā buddhyā yuktaḥ parameśvarārpita-karma-yogena śuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ san tat-prasāda-labdhāparokṣa-jñānena karmātmakaṃ bandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhavatu svadharma-buddhyā yudhyamānasya pāpābhāvaḥ, tathāpi na māṃ prati yuddha-kartavyatopadeśas tavocitaḥ | ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ [Gītā 2.19] ity ādinā kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam [Gītā 2.21] ity antena viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratikṣepāt | na hy akartr-bhoktṛ-śuddha-svarūpo 'ham asmi yuddhaṃ kṛtvā tat-phalaṃ bhokṣya iti ca jñānaṃ sambhavati virodhāt | jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavāt prakāśa-tamasor iva | ayaṃ cārjunābhiprāyo jyāyasī ced ity atra vyakto bhaviṣyati | tasmād ekam eva māṃ prati jñānasya karmaṇaś copadeśo nopapadyata iti cet, na | vidvad-avidvad-avasthā-bhedena jñāna-karmopadeśopapatter ity āha bhagavān eṣeti |

eṣā na tv evāham ity ādy-eka-viṃśati-ślokais te tubhyam abhihitā sāṅkhye samyak khyāyate sarvopādhi-śūnyatayā pratipādyate paramātma-tattvam anayeti saṅkhyopaniṣat tayaiva tāparya-parisamāptyā pratipādyate yaḥ sa sāṅkhya aupaniṣadaḥ puruṣa ity arthaḥ | tasmin buddhis tan-mātra-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ sarvānartha-nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ tvāṃ prati mayoktaṃ naitādṛśa-jñānavataḥ kvacid api karmocyate | tasya kāryaṃ na vidyata iti vakṣyamāṇatvāt |

yadi punar evaṃ mayokte 'pi tavaiṣā buddhir nodeti citta-doṣāt, tadā tad-apanayenātma-tattva-sākṣātkārāya karma-yoga eva tvayānuṣṭheyaḥ | tasmin yoge karma-yoge tu karaṇīyām imāṃ sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atroktāṃ phalābhisandhi-tyāga-lakṣaṇāṃ buddhiṃ vistareṇa mayā vakṣyamāṇāṃ śṛṇu | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-buddher yoga-viṣayatva-vyatireka-sūcanārthaḥ | tathā ca śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati jñānopadeśo 'śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ prati karmopadeśa iti kutaḥ samuccaya-śaṅkayā virodhāvakāśa ity abhiprāyaḥ | yoga-viṣayāṃ buddhiṃ phala-kathanena stauti - yathā vyavasāyātmikayā buddhyā karmasu yuktas tvaṃ karma-nimittaṃ bandha-nāśāyāśuddhi-lakṣaṇaṃ jñāna-pratibandhaṃ prakarṣeṇa punaḥ pratibandhānutpatti-rūpeṇa hāsyasi tyakṣyasi | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - karma-nimitto jñāna-pratibandhaḥ karmaṇaiva dharmākhyenāpanetuṃ śakyate dharmeṇa pāpam apanudati [Mahānā 13.6] iti śruteḥ | śravaṇādi-lakṣaṇo vicāras tu karmātmaka-pratibandha-rahitasyāsambhāvanādi-pratibandhaṃ dṛṣṭa-dvāreṇāpanayatīti na karma-bandha-nirākaraṇāyopadeṣṭuṃ śakyate | ato 'tyanta-malināntaḥ-karaṇatvād bahir aṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva tvayānuṣṭheyaṃ, nādhunā śravaṇādi-yogyatāpi tava jātā | dūre tu jñāna-yogyateti | tathā ca vakṣyati - karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] iti | etena sāṅkhya-buddher antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ śravaṇādi vihāya bahiraṅga-sādhanaṃ karmaiva bhagavatā kim ity arjunāyopadiśyata iti nirastam | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāptyā prahāsyasīti prācāṃ vyākhyāne tv adhyāhāra-doṣaḥ karma-pada-vaiyarthyaṃ ca parihartavyam ||39||

viśvanāthaḥ : upadiṣṭaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharati eṣeti | samyak khyāyate prakāśyate vastu-tattvam aneneti sāṅkhyaṃ samyak jñānam | tasmin karaṇīyā buddhir eṣa kathitā | adhunā yoge bhakti-yoge imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ karaṇīyāṃ śṛṇu, yayā bhakti-viṣayiṇyā buddhyā yuktaḥ sahitaḥ | karma-bandhaṃ saṃsāram ||39||

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ jñāna-yogam upasaṃharan tad-upāyaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogaṃ vaktum ārabhate eṣeti | saṅkhyopaniṣat samyak khyāyate nirūpyate tattvam anayā iti nirukteḥ | tayā pratipādyam ātma-yāthātmyaṃ sāṅkhyam | śaiṣikān tasmin kartavyaiṣā buddhis tavābhihitā | ne tv evāhaṃ ity ādinā tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni ity antena | sā cet tava citta-tad-doṣān nābhyudeti tarhi yoge tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā nāśakena ity ādi śruty-uktāntargata-jñāne niṣkāma-karma-yoge kartavyām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | phaloktyā tāṃ stauti yayeti | karmāṇi kurvāṇas tvaṃ bhagavad-ājñayā mahā-prayāsāni karmāṇi kurvaṃs tat-tad-uddeśa-mahimnā tvad-antar-abhyuditayātma-jñāna-niṣṭhayā saṃsāraṃ tariṣyasīti | paśu-putra-rājyādi-phalakaṃ karma sa-kāmaṃ jñāna-phalakaṃ tu tan-niṣkāmam iti śāstre 'smin paribhāṣyate ||39||

BhG 2.40

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kṛṣyādivat karmaṇāṃ kadācid vighna-bāhulyena phale vyabhicārāt mantrādy-aṅga-vaiguṇyena ca pratyavāya-sambhavaāt kutaḥ karma-yogena karma-bandha-prahāṇam | tatrāha nehety ādi | iha niṣkāma-karma-yoge abhikramasya prārambhasya nāśo niṣphalatvaṃ nāsti | pratyavāyaś ca na vidyate | īśvaroddeśenaiva vighna-vaiguṇyādy-asambhavāt | kiṃ cāsya dharmasya īśvarārādhanārtha-karma-yogasya svalpam apy upakrama-mātram api kṛtaṃ mahato bhayāt saṃsāra-lakṣaṇāt trāyate rakṣati | na tu kāmya-karmavat kiñcid aṅga-vaikguṇyādinā naiṣphalyam asyety arthaḥ ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] iti śrutyā vividiṣāṃ jñānaṃ coddiśya saṃyoga-pṛthaktva-nyāyena sarva-karmaṇāṃ viniyogāt tatra cāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddher dvāratvān māṃ prati karmānuṣṭhānaṃ vidhīyate | tatra tad yatheha karma-jito lokaḥ kṣīyata evam evāmutra puṇya-jito lokaḥ kṣīyate [Chā 8.1.6] iti śruti-bodhitasya phala-nāśasya sambhāvāj jñānaṃ vividiṣāṃ coddiśya kriyamāṇasya yajñādeḥ kāmyatvāt sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭheyasya yat kiṃcid aṅgāsampattāv api vaiguṇyāpatter yajñenety ādi-vākya-vihitānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ karmaṇām ekena puruṣāyuṣa-paryavasāne 'pi kartum aśakyatvāt kutaḥ karma-bandhaṃ prahāsyasīti-phalaṃ pratyāśety ata āha bhagavān neheti |

abhikramyate karmaṇā prārabhyate yat phalaṃ so 'bhikramas tasya nāśas tad yathehety ādinā pratipādita iha niṣkāma-karma-yoge nāsti | etat-phalasya śuddheḥ pāpa-kṣaya-rūpatvena loka-śabda-vācya-bhogyatvābhāvena ca kṣayāsambhavāt | vedana-paryantāyā eva vividiṣāyāḥ karma-phalatvād vedanasya cāvyavadhānenājñāna-nivṛtti-phala-janakasya phalam ajanayitvā nāśāsambhavād iha phala-nāśo nāstīti sādhūktam | tad uktaṃ -

tad yatheheti yā nindā sā phale na tu karmaṇi | phalecchāṃ tu parityajya kṛtaṃ karma viśuddhi-kṛt || iti |

tathā pratyavāyo 'ṅga-vaiguṇya-nibandhanaṃ vaiguṇyam iha na vidyate tam iti vākyena nityānām evopātta-durita-kṣaya-dvāreṇa vividiṣāyāṃ viniyogāt | tatra ca sarvāṅgopasaṃhāra-niyamābhāvāt | kāmyānām api saṃyoga-pṛthaktva-nyāyena viniyoga iti pakṣe 'pi phalābhisandhi-rahitatvena teṣāṃ nitya-tulyatvāt | nahi kāmya-nityāgnihotrayoḥ svataḥ kaścid viśeṣo 'sti | phalābhisandhi-tad-abhāṣābhyām eva tu kāmyatva-nityatva-vyapadeśaḥ | idaṃ ca pakṣa-dvayam uktaṃ vārtike -

yad vā vividiṣārthatvaṃ kāmyānām api karmaṇām | tam etam iti vākyena saṃyogasya pṛthaktvataḥ || iti |

tathā ca phalābhisandhinā kriyamāṇa eva karmaṇi sarvāṅgopa-saṃhāra-niyamāt tad-vilakṣaṇe śuddhy-arthe karmaṇi pratinidhyādinā samāpti-sambhavān nāṅga-vaiguṇya-nimittaḥ pratyavāyo 'stīty arthaḥ | tathāsya śuddhy-arthasya dharmasya tam etam ity ādi-vākya-vihitasya madhye svalpam api saṅkhyayetikartavyatayā vā yathā-śakti-bhagavad-ārādhanārthaṃ kiṃcid apy anuṣṭhitaṃ san mahataḥ saṃsāra-bhayāt trāyate bhagavat-prasāda-sampādanenānuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati |

sarva-pāpa-prasakto 'pi dhyāyan nimiṣam acyutam | bhūyas tapasvī bhavati paṅki-pāvana-pāvanaḥ || ity ādi smṛteḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : atra yogo dvividhaḥ śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhakti-rūpaḥ, śrī-bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-rūpaś ca | tatra karmaṇy evādhikāraḥ ity ataḥ prāg bhakti-yoga eva nirūpyate | nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna ity ukter bhakter eve triguṇātītatvāt tayaiva puruṣo nistraiguṇyo bhavatīty ekādaśa-skandhe[*ENDNOTE] prasiddheḥ | jñāna-karmaṇos tu sāttvikatva-rājasatvābhyāṃ nistraiguṇyatvānupapatter bhagavad-arpita-lakṣaṇā bhaktis tu karmaṇo vaiphalyābhāva-mātraṃ pratipādayati, na tu svasya bhakti-vyapadeśaṃ prādhānyābhāvād eva | yadi ca bhagavad-arpitaṃ karmāpi bhaktir eveti mataṃ, tadā karma kiṃ syāt ? yad-bhagavad-anarpita-karma, tad eva karmeti cen, na |

iti nāradoktyā tasya vaiyarthya-pratipādanāt | tasmād atra bhagvac-caraṇa-mādhurya-prāpti-sādhanībhūtā kevala-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-lakṣaṇaiva bhaktir nirūpyate, yathā niṣkāma-karma-yoga 'pi nirūpayitavyaḥ | ubhāv apy etau buddhi-yoga-śabda-vācyau jñeyau - dadāmi buddhi-yogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te [10.10], dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogād dhanañjaya [2.49] iti cokteḥ |

atha nirguṇa-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhakti-yogasya māhātmyam āha neheti | iha bhakti-yoge 'bhikrame ārambha-mātre kṛte 'py asya bhaktiyogasya nāśo nāsti | tataḥ pratyavāyaś ca na syāt | yathā karma-yoge ārambhaṃ kṛtvā karmānuṣṭhitavataḥ karma-nāśa-pratyavāyau syātām iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tarhi tasya bhakty-anuṣṭhātu-kāmasya samucita-bhakty-akaraṇāt bhakti-phalaṃ tu naiva syāt | tatrāha svalpam iti | asya dharmasya svalpam apy ārambha-samaye yā kiñcin-mātrī bhaktir abhūt | sāpīty arthaḥ | mahato bhayāt saṃsārāt trāyata eva | yan-nāma sakṛc-chravaṇāt pukkaśo 'pi vimucyate saṃsārād ity [BhP 6.16.44] ādi-śravaṇāt | ajāmilādau tathā darśanāc ca |

iti bhagavato vākyena sahāsya-vākyasyaikārtham eva dṛśyate | kintu tatra nirguṇatvān na hi guṇātītaṃ vastu kadācid dhvastaṃ bhavatīti hetur upanyastaḥ | sa cehāpi draṣṭavyaḥ | na ca niṣkāma-karmaṇo 'pi bhagavad-arpaṇa-mahimnā nirguṇatvam eveti vācyam - mad-arpaṇaṃ niṣphalaṃ vā sāttvikaṃ nija-karma tat [BhP 11.25.23] ||40||

baladevaḥ : vakṣyamāṇayā buddhyā yuktaṃ karma-yogaṃ stauti neheti | iha tam etam ity ādi vākyokteḥ niṣkāma-karma-yoge 'bhikramasyārambhasya phalotpādakatva-nāśo nāsti | ārambhasyāsamāptasya vaiphalyaṃ na bhavatīty arthaḥ | mantrādy-aṅga-vaikalye ca pratyavāyo na vidyate | ātmoddeśa-mahimnā oṃ tat sat iti bhagavan-nāmnā ca tasya vināśāt | iha bhagavad-arpitasya niṣāma-karma-lakṣaṇa-dharmasya kiñcid apy anuṣṭhitaṃ san mahato bhayāt saṃsārāt trāyate anuṣṭhātāraṃ rakṣati | vakṣyati caivaṃ pārtha naiveha nāmutra [Gītā 6.40] ity ādinā | kāmya-karmāṇi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇānuṣṭhitāny ukta-phalāya kalpante | mantrādy-aṅga-vaikalye tu pratyavāyaṃ janayantīti | niṣkāma-karmāṇi tu yathā-śakty-anuṣṭhitāni jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ janayanty evokta-hetutaḥ pratyavāyaṃ noptādayantīti ||40||

BhG 2.41

śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyām ubhayor vaiṣamyam āha vyavasāyātmiketi | iha īśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇe karma-yoge vyavasāyātmikā parameśvara-bhaktyaiva dhruvaṃ tariṣyāmīti niścayātmikā ekaiva ekaniṣṭhaiva buddhir bhavati | avyavasāyināṃ tu īśvarārādhana-bahirmukhānāṃ kāmināṃ kāmānām ānantyāt anantāḥ | tatrāpi hi karma-phala-guṇa-phalatvādi-prakāra-bhedād bahu-śākhāś ca buddhayo bhavanti | īśvarārādhanārthaṃ hi nityaṃ naimittikaṃ ca karma kiñcid aṅga-vaiguṇye 'pi na naśyati | yathā śaknuyāt tathā kuryād iti hi tad vidhīyate | na ca vaiguṇyam api | īśvaroddeśenaiva vaiguṇyopaśamāt | na tu tathā kāmyaṃ karma | ato mahad vaiṣamyam iti bhāvaḥ ||41||

madhusūdanaḥ : etad-upapādanāya tam etam iti vākya-vihitānām ekārthatvam āha vyavasāyātmiketi | he kurunandaneha śreyo-mārge tam etam iti vākye vā vyavasāyātmikātma-tattva-niścayātmikā buddhir ekaiva caturṇām āśramāṇāṃ sādhyā vivakṣitā vedānuvacanena ity ādau tṛtīyā-vibhaktyā pratyekaṃ nirapekṣa-sādhanatva-bodhanāt | bhinnārthatve hi samuccayaḥ syāt | ekārthatve 'pi darśa-pūrṇamāsābhyām itivad dvandva-samāsena yad agnaye ca prajāpataye cetivac ca-śabdena na tathātra kiṃcit pramāṇam astīty arthaḥ | sāṅkhya-viṣayā yoga-viṣayā ca buddhir eka-phalatvād ekā vyavasāyātmikā sarva-viparīta-buddhīnāṃ bādhikā nirdoṣa-veda-vākya-samutthatvād itarās tv avyavasāyināṃ buddhayo bādhyā ity artha iti bhāṣya-kṛtaḥ | anye tu parameśvarārādhanenaiva saṃsāraṃ tariṣyāmīti niścayātmikaika-niṣṭhaiva buddhir iha karma-yoge bhavatīty artham āhuḥ | sarvathāpi tu jñāna-kāṇḍānusāreṇa svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ity upapannam | karma-kāṇḍe punar bahu-śākhā aneka-bhedāḥ kāmānām aneka-bhedatvāt | anantāś ca karma-phala-guṇa-phalādi-prakāropaśākhā-bhedāt, buddhayo bhavanty avyavasāyināṃ tat-tat-phala-kāmānām | buddhīnām ānantya-prasiddhi-dyotanārtho hi-śabdaḥ | ataḥ kāmya-karmāpekṣayā mahad-vailakṣaṇya-śuddhy-artha-karmaṇām ity abhiprāyaḥ ||41||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvābhyo 'pi buddhibhyo bhakti-yoga-viṣayiṇy eva buddhir uktṛṣṭety āha vyavasāyeti | iha bhakti-yoge vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekaiva | mama śrīmad-gurūpadiṣṭaṃ bhagavat-kīrtana-smaraṇa-caraṇa-paricarṇādikam etad eva mama sādhanam etad eva mama sādhyam etad eva mama jīvātuḥ sādhana-sādhya-daśayos tyaktum aśakyam etad eva me kāmyam etad eva me kāryam etad anyan na me kāryaṃ nāpy abhilaṣaṇīyaṃ svapne 'pīty atra sukham astu duḥkhaṃ vāstu saṃsāro naśyatu vā na naśyatu | tatra mama kāpi na kṣatir ity evaṃ niścayātmikā buddhir akaitava-bhaktāv eva sambhavet | tad uktaṃ - tato bhajeta māṃ bhaktyā śraddhālur dṛḍha-niścayaḥ [BhP 11.20.28] iti |

tato 'nyatra naiva buddhir ekety āha bahv iti | bahavaḥ śākhā yāsāṃ tāḥ | tathā hi karma-yoge kāmānām ānantyād buddhayo 'nantāḥ | tathaiva jñāna-yoge prathamam antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ niṣkāma-karmaṇi buddhis tatas tasmin śuddhe sati karma-saṃnyāse buddhiḥ | tadā jñāne buddhiḥ | jñāna-vaiphalyābhāvārthaṃ bhaktau buddhiḥ jñānaṃ ca mayi saṃnyaset iti bhagavad-ukter jñāna-saṃnyāse ca bhaktau buddhir iti buddhayo 'nantāḥ | karma-jñāna-bhaktīnām avaśyānuṣṭheyatvāt tat-tac-chākhā apy anantāḥ ||41||

baladevaḥ : kāmya-karma-viṣayaka-buddhito niṣkāma-karma-viṣayaka-buddher vaiśiṣṭyam āha vyavasāyeti | he kurunandana iha vaidikeṣu sarveṣu karmasu vyavasāyātmikā bhagavad-arcana-rūpair niṣkāma-karmabhir viśuddha-citto viṣorṇādivat tad-antargatena jñānenātma-yāthātmyam aham anubhaviṣyāmīti niścaya-rūpā buddhir ekā ekav-viṣayatvāt | ekasmai tad-anubhavāya teṣāṃ vihitatvād iti yāvat | avyavasāyinām kāmya-karmānuṣṭhātṝṇāṃ tu buddhayo hy anantāḥ | paśv-anna-putra-svargādy-ananta-kāma-viṣayatvāt | tatrāpi bahu-śākhāḥ | eka-phalake 'pi darśa-paurṇamāsādāv āyuḥ suprajastādy-avāntarāneka-phalāśaṃsā-śravaṇāt | atra hi dehātiriktātma-jñāna-mātram apekṣate na tūktātma-yāthātmyaṃ tan niścaye kāmya-karmasu pravṛtter asambhavāt ||41||

BhG 2.42-44

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kāmino 'pi kaṣṭān kāmān vihāya vyavasāyātmikām eva buddhiṃ kim iti na kurvanti | tatrāha yām imām ity ādi | yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ viṣa-latāvad āpāta-ramaṇīyāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ paramārtha-phala-parām eva vadanti vācaṃ svargādi-phala-śrutim | teṣāṃ tayā vācā 'pahṛta-cetasāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ | kim iti tathā vadanti | yato 'vipaścito mūḍhāḥ | tatra hetuḥ veda-vāda-ratā iti | vede ye vādā artha-vādāḥ | akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati | tathā, apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma ity ādyāḥ | teṣv eva ratāḥ prītāḥ | ataevātaḥparam anyad īśvara-tattvaṃ prāpyaṃ nāstīti-vadana-śīlāḥ ||42||

ataeva kāmātmāna iti | kāmātmānaḥ kāmākulita-cittāḥ | ataḥ svarga eva paraḥ puruṣārtho yeṣāṃ te | janma ca tatra karmāṇi ca tat-phalāni ca pradadātīti tathā | tāṃ bhogaiśvaryayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati sādhana-bhūtā ye kriyā-viśeṣās te bahulā yasyāṃ tāṃ pravadantīty anuṣaṅgaḥ ||43||

tataś ca bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānām ity ādi | bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānām abhiniviṣṭānāṃ tayā puṣpitayā vācāpahṛtam ākṛṣṭaṃ ceto yeṣām teṣām | samādhiś cittaikāgryam | parameśvarābhimukhatvam iti yāvat | tasmin niścayātmikā buddhis tu na vidhīyate | karma-kartari prayogaḥ | sā notpadyata iti bhāvaḥ ||44||

madhusūdanaḥ : avyavasayinām api vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ kuto na bhavati pramāṇasya tulyatvād ity āśaṅkya pratibandhaka-sad-bhāvān na bhavatīty āha yām imām iti tribhiḥ | kuta evam ata āha bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulām amṛta-pānorvaśī-vihāra-pārijāta-parimalādi-nibandhano yo bhogas tat-kāraṇaṃ ca yad aiśvaryaṃ devādi-svāmitvaṃ tayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati sādhana-bhūtā ye kriyā-viśeṣā agnihotra-darśa-pūrṇamāsa-jyotiṣṭomādayas tair bahulāṃ vistṛtām atibāhulyena bhogaiśvarya-sādhana-kriyā-kalāpa-pratipādikām iti yāvat | karma-kāṇḍasya hi jñāna-kāṇḍāpekṣayā sarvatrātivistṛtatvaṃ prasiddham | etādṛśīṃ karma-kāṇḍa-lakṣaṇāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti prakṛṣṭāṃ paramārtha-svargādi-phalām abhyupagacchanti |

ke ye 'vipaścito vicāra-janya-tātparya-parijñāna-śūnyāḥ | ataeva veda-vāda-ratā vede ye santi vādā artha-vādāḥ akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati ity evam ādayas teṣv eva ratā vedārtha-satyatvenaivam evaitad iti mithyā-viśvāsena santuṣṭāḥ | he pārtha ! ataeva nānyad astīti-vādinaḥ karma-kāṇḍāpekṣayā nāsty anyaj jñāna-kāṇḍaṃ sarvasyāpi vedasya kārya-paratvāt | karma-phalāpekṣayā ca nāsty anyan niratiśayaṃ jñāna-phalam iti vadana-śīlā mahatā prabandhena jñāna-kāṇḍa-viruddhārtha-bhāṣiṇa ity arthaḥ | kuto mokṣa-dveṣiṇyas te ? yataḥ kāmātmānaḥ kāmyamāna-viṣaya-śatākula-cittatvena kāma-mayāḥ | evaṃ sati mokṣam api kuto na kāmayante ? yataḥ svarga-parāḥ svarga evorvaśy-ādy-apetatvena para utkṛṣṭo yeṣāṃ te tathā | svargātiriktaḥ puruṣārtho nāstīti bhrāmyanto viveka-vairāgyābhāvān mokṣa-kathām api soḍhum akṣamā iti yāvat |

teṣāṃ ca pūrvokta-bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānāṃ kṣayitvādi-doṣādarśanena niviṣṭāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ tayā kriyā-viśeṣa-bhulayā vācāpahṛtam ācchāditaṃ ceto viveka-jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ tathā-bhūtānām artha-vādāḥ stuty-arthās tātparya-viṣaye pramāṇāntarābādhite vedasya prāmāṇyam iti suprasiddham api jñātum aśaktānāṃ samādhāv antaḥ-karaṇe vayavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate na bhavatīty arthaḥ | samādhi-viṣayā vyavasāyātmikā buddhis teṣāṃ na bhavatīti vā adhikaraṇe viṣaye vā sapatamyās tulyatvāt | vidhīyata iti karma-kartari la-kāraḥ | samādhīyate 'smin sarvam iti vyutpattyā samādhir antaḥ-karaṇaṃ vā paramātmā veti nāprasiddhārtha-kalpanam | ahaṃ brahmety avasthānaṃ samādhis tan-nimittaṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir noptadyata iti vyākhyāne tu rūḍhir evādṛtā |

ayaṃ bhāvaḥ -- yadyapi kāmyāny agnihotrādīni śuddhy-arthebhyo na viśiṣyante tathāpi phalābhisandhi-doṣān nāśaya-śuddhiṃ sampādayanti | bhogānuguṇā tu śuddhir na jñānopayoginī | etad eva darśayituṃ bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānām iti punar upāttam | phalābhisandhim antareṇa tu kṛtāni jñānopayoginīṃ śuddhim ādadhatīti siddhaṃ vipaścid-avipaścitoḥ phala-vailakṣaṇyam | vistareṇa caitad agre pratipādayiṣyate ||42-44||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād avyavasāyinaḥ sakāma-karmiṇas tv atimandā ity āha yām imām iti | puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ puṣpitāṃ viphalatām ivāpātato ramaṇīyam | pravadanti prakarṣeṇa sarvataḥ prakṛṣṭā iyam eva veda-vāg iti ye vadanti, teṣāṃ tayā vācā apahṛta-cetasāṃ ca vyavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ | teṣu tasyā asambhavāt sā teṣu nopadiśyata ity arthaḥ | kim iti te tathā vadanti, yato 'vipaścito mūrkhāḥ | tatra hetuḥ vedeṣu ye 'rtha-vādāḥ - akṣayyaṃ vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati, apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma ity ādyāḥ | anyad īśvara-tattvaṃ nāstīti prajalpinas te kīdṛśīṃ vācaṃ pravadanti | janma-karma-phala-pradāyinīṃ bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati ye kriyā-viśeṣās tān bahu yathā syāt tathā lāti dadāti pratipādayatīti tām ||42-43||

tataś ca bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānām tayā puṣpitayā vācā apahṛtam ākṛṣṭaṃ ceto yeṣām te | tathā teṣām samādhiś cittaikāgryam parameśvaraikonmukhatvaṃ tasmin niścayātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate | karma-kartari prayogaḥ | sā notpadyata iti bhāvaḥ iti svāmi-vacanaiḥ ||44||

baladevaḥ : nanv eṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir bhavet śrutes taulyād iti cec citta-doṣān na bhaved ity āha yām iti tribhiḥ | avipaścito 'lpa-jñāḥ yām imāṃ jyotiṣṭomena svarga-kāmo yajetety ādikāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti iyam eva prakṛṣṭā vedavāg iti kalpayanti | tayā vācāpahṛta-cetasāṃ teṣāṃ samādhau manasi vyavasāyātmikā buddhir na vidhīyate nābhyudeti ity anuṣaṅgaḥ | kīdṛśīṃ vācam ity āha puṣpitām iti || kusumita-viṣa-latāvad āpāta-manojñāṃ niṣphalām ity arthaḥ | evaṃ kutas te vadanti tatrāha vedeti | vedeṣu ye vādāḥ apāṃ somam amṛtā ambhūma, akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsya-yājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati ity ādayo 'rthavādās teṣv eva ratāḥ vedasya satya-bhāṣitvād evam evaitad iti pratītimantaḥ | ataeva nānyad iti karma-phalāt svargād anyat jīvāṃśi-paramārtha-jñānaṃ labhyaṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ niratiśayaṃ nitya-sukhaṃ nāsti | tat-pratipādikānāṃ vedānta-vācāṃ karmāṅga-kartṛ-devatād ekatayā tac-cheṣatvād iti vadana-śīlā ity arthaḥ ||42||

citta-doṣam āha kāmātmānaḥ vaiṣayika-sukha-vāsanā-grasta-cittāḥ | evaṃ cet tādṛśaṃ mokṣaṃ kuto necchanti tatrāha svargeti | svarga eva sudhā devāṅganādy-upetatvena paraḥ śreṣṭho yeṣāṃ te | tādṛg-vāsanā-grastatvāt teṣāṃ nānyad bhāṣata ity arthaḥ | janma karmeti janma ca dehendriya-sambandha-laksaṇaṃ, tatra karma ca tat-tad-varṇāśrama-vihitaṃ, phalaṃ ca vināśi-paśv-anna-svargādi | tāni prakarṣeṇāvicchedena dadāti tāṃ bhogaiśvaryayor gatiṃ prāptiṃ prati ye kriyā-viśeṣā jyotiṣṭpmādayas te bahulāḥ pracurā yatra tāṃ vācaṃ vadantīti pūrveṇānvayaḥ | bhogaḥ sudhā-pāna-devāṅganādiḥ, aiśvaryaṃ ca devādi-svāmitvaṃ tayor gatim ity arthaḥ ||43||

baladevaḥ : bhogeti teṣāṃ pūrvoktayor bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānāṃ kṣayitva-doṣāsphūrtyā tayor abhiniviṣṭānāṃ tayā puṣpitayā vācāpahṛtam viluptaṃ ceto viveka-jñānaṃ yeṣām tādṛśānāṃ samādhāv iti yo 'yam | samyag ādhīyate 'sminn ātma-tattva-yāthātmyam iti nirukteḥ samādhir manas tasminn ity arthaḥ ||44||

BhG 2.45

śrīdharaḥ : nanu svargādikaṃ paramaṃ phalaṃ yadi na bhavati, tarhi kim iti vedas tat-sādhanatayā karmāṇi vidhīyante | tatrāha traiguṇya-viṣayā iti | triguṇātmakāḥ sakāmā ye 'dhikāriṇas tad-viṣayās teṣāṃ karma-phala-sambandha-pratipādakā vedāḥ | tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava | tatropāyam āha - nirdvandvaḥ | sukha-duḥkha-śītoṣṇādi-yugalāni dvandvāni | tad-rahito bhava | tāni sahasvety arthaḥ | katham iti | ata āha nitya-sattva-sthaḥ san | dhryam avalambyety arthaḥ | tathā niryoga-kṣemaḥ | aprāpta-svīkāro yogaḥ, prāpta-pālanaṃ kṣemaḥ | tad-rahitaḥ | ātmavān apramattaḥ | nahi dvandvākulasya yoga-kṣema-vyāpṛtasya ca pramādinas traiguṇyātikramaḥ sambhavatīti ||45||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sakāmānāṃ mā bhūd āśaya-doṣād vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ | niṣkāmānāṃ tu vyavasāyātmaka-buddhyā karma kurvatāṃ karma-svābhāvyāt svargādi-phala-prāptau jñāna-pratibandhaḥ samāna ity āśaṅkyāha traiguṇyeti | trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ karma traiguṇyaṃ kāma-mūlaḥ saṃsāraḥ | sa eva prakāśatvena viṣayo yeṣāṃ tādṛśā vedāḥ karma-kāṇḍātmakā yo yat-phala-kāmas tasyaiva tat-phalaṃ bodhayantīty arthaḥ | na hi saarvebhyaḥ kāmebhyo darśa-pūrṇamāsāv iti viniyoge 'pi sakṛd-anuṣṭhānāt sarva-phala-prāptir bhavati tat-tat-kāmanāvirahāt | yat-phala-kāmanayānutiṣṭhati tad eva phalaṃ tasmin prayoga iti sthitaṃ yogasiddhy-adhikaraṇe | yasmād evaṃ kāmā-virahe phala-virahas tasmāt tvaṃ nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava | he arjuna ! etena karma-svābhāvyāt saṃsāro nirastaḥ |

nanu śītoṣṇādi-dvandva-pratīkārāya vastrādy-apekṣaṇāt kuto niṣkāmatvam ata āha nirdvandvaḥ | sarvatra bhaveti sambadhyate | mātrā-sparśās tv ity ukta-nyāyena śītoṣṇādi-dvandva-sahiṣṇur bhava | tasmiṃs tiṣṭhatīti tathā | rajas-tamobhyām abhibhūta-sattvo hi śītoṣṇādi-pīḍayā mariṣyāmīti manvāno dharmād vimukho bhavati | tvaṃ tu rajas tamasī abhibhūya sattva-mātrālambano bhava |

nanu śītoṣṇādi-sahane 'pi kṣut-pipāsādi-pratīkārārthaṃ kiṃcid anupāttam upādeyam upāttaṃ ca rakṣaṇīyam iti tad-arthaṃ yatne kriyamāṇe kutaḥ sattva-sthatvam ity ata āha niryoga-kṣemaḥ | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ, labdha-parirakṣaṇaṃ kṣemas, tad-rahito bhava | citta-vikṣepa-kāri-parigraha-rahito bhavety arthaḥ | na caivaṃ cintā kartavyā katham evaṃ sati jīviṣyāmīti | yataḥ sarvāntaryāmī parameśvara eva tava yoga-kṣemādi nirvāhayiṣyatīty āha ātmavān | ātmā paramātmā dhyeyatvena yoga-kṣemādi-nirvāhakatvena ca vartate yasya sa ātmavān | sarva-kāmanā-parityāgena parameśvaram ārādhayato mama sa eva deha-yātrā-mātram apekṣitaṃ sampādayiṣyatīti niścitya niścinto bhavety arthaḥ | ātmavān apramatto bhaveti vā ||45||

viśvanāthaḥ : tvaṃ tu catur-varga-sādhanebhyo virajya kevalaṃ bhakti-yogam evāśrayasvety āha traiguṇyeti | traiguṇyās triguṇātmikāḥ karma-jñānādyāḥ prakāśyatvena viṣayā yeṣāṃ te traiguṇya-viṣayā vedāḥ svārthe ṣyañ, etac ca bhūmnā vyapadeśā bhavanti iti nyāyenoktam | kintu bhaktir evainaṃ nayati iti | yasya deve parā bhaktir yathā deve tathā gurau ity ādi śrutayaḥ | pañcarātrādi-smṛtayaś ca gītopaniṣad-gopāla-tāpanyādy-upaniṣadaś ca nirguṇāṃ bhaktim api viṣayīkurvanty eva vedoktatvābhāve bhakter aprāmāṇyam eva syāt | tataś ca vedoktā ye triguṇamayā jñāna-karma-vidhayas tebhya eva nirgato bhava tān na kuru | ye tu vedoktā bhakti-vidhayas tāṃs tu sarvathaivānutiṣṭha | tad-anuṣṭhāne -

iti doṣo durvāra eva | tena sa-guṇānāṃ guṇātītānām api, vedānā-viṣayās traiguṇyā nistraiguṇyāś ca | tatra tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava | nirguṇayā mad-bhaktyaiva triguṇātmakebhyas tebhyo niṣkrānto bhava | tata eva nirdvandvo guṇamaya-mānāpamānādi-rahitaḥ | ataeva nityaiḥ sattvaiḥ prāṇibhir mad-bhaktair eva saha tiṣṭhatīti tathā saḥ | nityaṃ sattva-guṇastho bhaveti vyākhyāyāṃ nistraiguṇyo bhaeti vyākhyāyāṃ virodhaḥ syāt | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ, labdhasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemas tad-rahitaḥ | mad-bhakti-rasāsvāda-vaśād eva tayor ananusandhānāt | yoga-kṣemaṃ vahāmy aham it bhakta-vatsalena mayaiva tad-bhāra-vahanāt | ātmavān mad-datta-buddhi-yuktaḥ | atra nistraiguṇya-traiguṇyayor vivecanam | yad uktam ekādaśe -

niṣphalaṃ veti naimittikaṃ nija-karma-phalākāṅkṣyā-rahitam ity arthaḥ |

sāttvikaṃ sukham ātmotthaṃ viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam |

ity antena granthena traiguṇya-vastūny api bhaktyā svasmin kathañcit sthitasya traiguṇyasya nirjayo 'py uktas tad-anantaram eva | yathā -

tasmād bhaktyaiva nirguṇayā traiguṇyajayo nānyathā | atrāpy agre kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate iti praśne vakṣyate --

śrī-svāmi-caraṇānāṃ vyākhyā ca - ca-kāro 'trāvadhāraṇārthaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram avyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate ity eṣā |

baladevaḥ : nanu phalanairapekṣyeṇa karmāṇi kurvāṇān api tāni sva-phalair yojayeyus tat svābhāvyāt tataḥ kathaṃ tad-buddheḥ sambhava iti cet tatrāha traiguṇyeti | trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ karma traiguṇyam | guṇa-vacana-brāhmaṇādibhyaḥ karmaṇi ca iti sūtrāt [Pāṇ 5.1.124] ṣyañ-sakāmatvam ity arthaḥ | tad-viṣayā vedāḥ karma-kāṇḍāni tvaṃ tu tac-chiro-bhūta-vedānta-niṣṭho nistraiguṇyo niṣkāmo bhava |

ayam arthaḥ - pitṛ-koṭi-vatsalo hi vedo 'nādi-bhagavad-vimukhān māyā-guṇair nibaddhāṃs tad-guṇa-sṛṣṭa-sāttvikādi-sukha-saktān prati tat-kāmān anurudhya phalāni prakāśayan svasmiṃs tān viśrambhayati | tad-viśrambheṇa tat-pariśīlinas te tan-mūrdha-bhūtopanisat-pratīta-yāthātmya-niścayena tāṃ buddhiṃ yāntīti na cākāmitāny api tāny āpateyuḥ kāmitānām eva teṣāṃ phalatva-śravaṇāt | na ca sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ traiguṇya-viṣayatvaṃ nistraiguṇyatāyā aprāmāṇikatvāpatteḥ |

nanu śītoṣṇādi-nivāraṇāya mātrāsparśās tu kaunteyety ādi vimarśena dvandva-saho bhava | tatra hetur nityeti | nityaṃ yat sattvam apariṇāmitvaṃ jīva-niṣṭhaṃ tat-sthas tad-vibhāvyety arthaḥ | tata eva niryogakṣemaḥ | alabdha-lābho yogaḥ labdhasya parirakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaṃ tad-rahito bhavety arthaḥ |

nanu kṣut-pipāse tathāpi vādhike iti cet tatrāha ātmavān iti | ātmā viśvambharaḥ paramātmā sa yasya dhyeyatayāsti tādṛśo bhavety arthaḥ | sa te deha-yātrāṃ sampādayed ity arthaḥ ||45||

BhG 2.46

śrīdharaḥ : nanu vedokta-nānā-phala-tyāgena niṣāmatayeśvarārādhana-viṣayā vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ kubuddhir evety āśaḍkyāha yāvān iti | udakaṃ pīyate yasmiṃs tad udapānaṃ vāpī-kūpa-taḍāg-ādi | tasmin svalpodaka ekatra kṛtsnārthasyāsambhavāt tatra tatra paribhramaṇena vibhāgaśo yāvān snāna-pānādir arthaḥ prayojanaṃ bhavati tāvān sarvo 'py arthaḥ sarvataḥ saṃplutodake mahā-hrade ekatraiva yathā bhavati | evaṃ yāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu tat-tat-karma-phala-rūpo 'rthas tāvān sarvo 'pi vijānato vyavasāyātmikā-buddhi-yuktasya brāhmaṇasya brahma-niṣṭhasya bhavaty eva | brahmānande kṣudānandānām antarbhāvāt | etasyaivānandasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrām upajīvanti iti śruteḥ | tasmād iyam eva subuddhir ity arthaḥ ||46||

madhusūdanaḥ : na caivaṃ śaṅkanīyaṃ sarva-kāmanā-parityāgena karma kurvann ahaṃ tais taiḥ karma-janitair ānandair vañcitaḥ syām iti | yasmāt yāvān iti | udapāne kṣudra-jalāśaye | jātāv eka-vacanam | yāvān artho yāvat-snāna-pānādi-prayojanaṃ bhavati sarvataḥ saṃplutodake mahati jalāśaye tāvān artho bhavaty eva | yathā hi parvata-nirjharāḥ sarvataḥ sravantaḥ kvacid upatyakāyām ekatra milanti tatra pratyekaṃ jāyamānam udaka-prayojanaṃ samudite sutarāṃ bhavati sarveṣāṃ nirjharāṇām ekatraiva kāsāre 'ntarbhāvāt | evaṃ sarveṣu vedeṣu vedokteṣu kāmya-karmasu yāvān artho hairaṇyagarbhānanda-paryantas tāvān vijānato brahma-tattvaṃ sākṣāt-kṛtavato brāhmaṇasya brahma-bubhūṣor bhavaty eva | kṣudānandānām brahmānandāṃśatvāt tatra kṣudrānandānām antarbhāvāt | etasyaivānandasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrām upajīvanti iti śruteḥ | ekasyāpy ānandasyāvidyā-kalpita-tat-tad-upādhi-paricchedam ādāyāṃśāṃśivad vyapadeśa ākāśasyeva ghaṭādy-avaccheda-kalpanayā |

tathā ca niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya tavātma-jñānodaye para-brahmānanda-prāptiḥ syāt tathaiva ca sarvānanda-prāptau na kṣudrānanda-prāpti-nibandhana-vaiyagryāvakāśaḥ | ataḥ paramānanda-prāpakāya tattva-jñānāya niṣkāma-karmāṇi kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra yathā tathā bhavatīti-pada-trayādhyāhāro yāvāṃs tāvān iti pada-dvayānuṣaṅgaś ca dārṣṭāntike draṣṭavyaḥ ||46||

viśvanāthaḥ : hanta kiṃ vaktavyaṃ niṣkāmasya nirguṇasya bhaktiyogasya māhātmyaṃ yasyaivārambhaṇa-mātre 'pi nāśa-pratyavāyau na staḥ | svalpa-mātreṇāpi kṛtārthatety ekādaśe 'py uddhavāyāpi vakṣyate -

na hy aṅgopakrame dhvaṃso mad-dharmasyoddhavāṇv api | mayā vyavasitaḥ samyaṅ nirguṇatvād anāśiṣaḥ || iti | [BhP 11.29.20]

kintu sa-kāmo bhakti-yogo 'pi vyavasāyātmika-buddhi-śabdenocyate | iti dṛṣṭāntena sādhayati yāvān iti | udapāna iti jātyaika-vacanam udapāneṣu kūpeṣu | yāvān artha iti kaścit kūpaḥ śauca-karmārthakaḥ, kaścid dānta-dhāvanārthakaḥ, kaścid vastra-dhāvanādy-arthakaḥ, kaścit keśādi-mārjanārthakaḥ, kaścit snānārthakaḥ, kaścit pānārthaka ity evaṃ sarvataḥ sarveṣudapāneṣu yāvān artho yāvanti prayojanānīty arthaḥ tasmin ekasminn eva śaucādi-karma-siddheḥ | kiṃ ca, tat-tat-kūpeṣu pṛthak pṛthak paribhramaṇa-śrameṇa, sarovare tu taṃ vinaiva | tathā kūpeṣu virasa-jalena sarovare tu surama-jalenaivety api viśeṣo draṣṭavyaḥ | evaṃ sarveṣu vedeṣu tat-tad-devatārādhanena yāvanto 'rthās tāvanta ekasya bhagavad-ārādhanena vijānato vijñasya brāhmaṇasyeti brahma vedaṃ bettīti brahmaṇas tasya vijānato vedajñatve 'pi veda-tātparyaṃ bhaktiṃ viśeṣato jānataḥ | yathā dvitīya-skandhe -

daivīṃ māyāṃ tu śrī-kāmaḥ ity ādy-uktyā,

iti meghādy-amiśrasya saura-kiraṇasya tīvratvam iva bhaktiyogasya jñāna-karmādy-amiśratvaṃ tīvratvaṃ jñeyam | atra bahubhyo bahu-kāma-siddhir iti sarvathā bahu-buddhitvam eva | ekasmād bhagavata eva sarva-kāma-siddhir ity aṃśenaika-buddhitvād eka-buddhitvam eva viṣaya-sādguṇyāj jñeyam ||46||

baladevaḥ : mami sarvān vedān adhīyānasya bahu-kāla-vyayād bahu-vikṣepa-sambhavāc ca kathaṃ tad-buddher abhudayas tatrāha yāvān iti | sarvataḥ samplutodaketi | vistīrṇe udapāne jalāśaye snānādy-arthino yāvān snāna-pānādir arthaḥ prayojanaṃ tāvān eva sa tena tasmāt sampadyate | evaṃ sarveṣu sopaniṣatsu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vedādhyāyino vijānata ātma-yāthātmya-jñānaṃ labdhu-kāmasya yāvān taj-jñāna-siddhi-lakṣaṇo 'rthaḥ syāt tāvān eva tena tebhyaḥ sampādyate ity arthaḥ | tathā ca sva-śākhayaiva sopaniṣadācireṇaiva tat siddhau tad buddhir abhudiyād eveti | iha dārṣṭāntike 'pi yāvāṃs tāvān iti pada-dvayam anuṣañjanīyam ||46||

BhG 2.47

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi sarvāṇi karma-phalāni parameśvarārādhanād eva bhaviṣyantīty abhisandhāya pravarteta | kiṃ karmaṇā ity āśaṅkya tad vārayann āha karmaṇy eveti | te tava tattva-jñānārthinaḥ karmaṇy evādhikāraḥ | tat-phaleṣu adhikāraḥ kāmo māstu | nanu karmaṇi kṛti tat-phalaṃ syād eva bhojane kṛte tṛptivat | ity āśaṅkyāha meti | mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ | karma-phalaṃ pravṛtti-hetur yasya sa tathābhūto mā bhūḥ | kāmyamānasyaiva svargāder niyojya-viśeṣaṇatvena phalatvād akāmitaṃ phalaṃ na syād iti bhāvaḥ | ataeva phalaṃ bandhakaṃ bhaviṣyatīti bhayād akarmaṇi karmākaraṇe 'pi tava saṅgo niṣṭhā māstu ||47||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu niṣkāma-karmabhir ātma-jñānaṃ sampādya parānanda-prāptiḥ kriyate ced ātma-jñānam eva tarhi sampādyaṃ kiṃ bahvāyāsaiḥ karmabhir bahiraṅga-sādhana-bhūtair ity āśaṅkyāha karmaṇy eveti | te tavāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya tāttvika-jñānotpatty-ayogyasya karmaṇy evāntaḥkaraṇa-śodhake 'dhikāro mayedaṃ kartavyam iti bodho 'stu na jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpaṃ vedānta-vākya-vicārādau | karma ca kurvatas tava tat-phaleṣu svargādiṣu kadācana kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānāt prāg ūrdhvaṃ tat-kāle vādhikāro mayedaṃ bhoktavyam iti bodho māstu |

nanu mayedaṃ bhoktavyam iti buddhy-abhāve 'pi karma sva-sāmārthyād eva phalaṃ janayiṣyatīti cen nety āha mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ | phala-kāmanayā hi karma kurvan phalasya heteur utpādako bhavati | tvaṃ tu niṣkāmaḥ san karma-phala-hetur mā bhūḥ | na hi niṣkāmena bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kṛtaṃ karma phalāya kalpata ity uktam | phalābhāve kiṃ karmaṇety ata āha - mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi | yadi phalaṃ neṣyate kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkha-rūpeṇety akaraṇe tava prītir mā bhūt ||47||

viśvanāthaḥ : evam ekam evārjunaṃ sva-priya-sakhaṃ lakṣīkṛtya jñāna-bhakti-karma-yogān ācikhyāsur bhagavān jñāna-bhakti-yogau procya tayor arjunasyānadhikāraḥ vimṛśya niṣkāma-karma-yogam āha karmaṇīti | mā phaleṣv iti - phalākāṅkṣiṇo 'py atyanta-śuddha-cittā bhavanti | tvaṃ tu prāyaḥ śuddha-citta iti mayā jñātvaivocyasa iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu karmaṇi kṛte phalam avaśyaṃ bhaviṣyaty eveti | tatrāha mā karma-phala-hetur bhūḥ phala-kāmanayā hi karma kurvan phalasya hetur utpādako bhavati | tvaṃ tu tādṛśo mā bhūr ity āśīr mayā dīyata ity arthaḥ | akarmaṇi sva-dharmākaraṇe vikarmaṇi pāpe vā saṅgas tava māstu, kintu dveṣa evāstv iti punar apy āśīr dīyata iti | atrāgrimādhyāye vyāmiśreṇaiva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me ity arjunokti-darśanād atrādhyāye pūrvottara-vākyānām avatārikābhir nātīva saṅgatir vidhitsiteti jñeyam | kintu tva-ājñāyāṃ sārathy-ādau yathāhaṃ tiṣṭhāmi, tathā tvam api mad-ājñāyāṃ tiṣṭheti kṛṣṇārjunayor mano 'nulāpo 'yam atra draṣṭavyaḥ ||47||

baladevaḥ : nanu karmabhir jñāna-siddhir iṣyate cet tarhi tasya śamādīny evāntaraṅgatvād anuṣṭheyāni santu kiṃ bahu prayāsais tair iti cet tatrāha - karmaṇy eveti | jātāv eka-vacanam | te tava sva-dharme 'pi yuddhe 'dharma-buddher aśuddha-cittasya tāvat karmasv eva yuddhādiṣv adhikāro 'stu mayaitāni bhoktavyānīti tat phaleṣu bandhakeṣu tavādhikāro māstu mayaitāni bhoktavyānīti |

nanu phalecchā-virahe 'pi tāni sva-phaair yojayeyur iti cet tatrāha mā karmeti | karma-phalānāṃ hetur utpādakas tvaṃ mābhūḥ kāmanayā kṛtāni tāni sva-phalair yojayanti kāmitānām eva phalānāṃ niyojya-viśeṣaṇatvena phalatvāmnātāt | ataeva bandhakāni phalāni āpatiṣyantīti bhayād akarmaṇi karmākaraṇe tava saṅgaḥ prītir māstu kintu vidveṣa evāstv ity arthaḥ | niṣkāmatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi yaṣṭidhānyavad antar eva jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ niṣpādayiṣyanti | śamādīni tu tat-pṛṣṭha-lagnāny eva syur iti bhāvaḥ ||47||

BhG 2.48

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ tarhi ? yoga-stha iti | yogaḥ parameśvaraikaparatā | tatra sthitaḥ karmāṇi kuru | tathā saṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | tat-phalasya jñānasyāpi siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā kevalam īśvarāśrayeṇaiva kuru | yata evaṃbhūtaṃ samatvam eva yoga ucyate sadbhiḥ citta-samādhāna-rūpatvāt ||48||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvoktam eva vivṛṇoti yoga-stha iti | he dhanañjaya tvaṃ yogasthaḥ san saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā karmāṇi kuru | atra bahu-vacanāt karmaṇy evādhikāras ta ity atra jātāv eka-vacanam | saṅga-tyāgopāyam āha siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā phala-siddhau harṣaṃ phalāsiddhau ca viṣādaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhana-buddhyā karmāṇi kurv iti |

nanu yoga-śabdena prāk-karmoktam | atra tu yoga-sthaḥ karmāṇi kurv ity ucyate | ataḥ katham etad boddhyṃ śakyam ity ata āha samatvaṃ yoga ucyate | yad etat siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvam idam eva yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenocyate na tu karmeti na ko 'pi virodha ity arthaḥ | atra pūrvārdhasyottarārdhena vyākhyānaṃ kriyata ity apaunaruktyam iti bhāṣyakārīyaḥ panthāḥ | sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā ity atra jayājaya-sāmyena yuddha-mātra-kartavyatā prakṛtatvād uktā | iha tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sarva-phala-parityāgena sarva-karma-kartavyateti viśeṣaḥ ||48||

viśvanāthaḥ : niṣkāma-karmaṇaḥ prakāraṃ śikṣayati yoga-stha iti | tena jayājayayos tulya-buddhiḥ san saṅgrāmam eva sva-dharmaṃ kurv iti bhāvaḥ | ayaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yoga eva jñāna-yogatvena pariṇamatīti | jñāna-yogo 'py evaṃ pūrvottara-granthārtha-tātparyato jñeyaḥ ||48||

baladevaḥ : pūrvoktaṃ viśadayati yoga-stha iti | tvaṃ saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā yogasthaḥ san karmāṇi kuru yuddhādīni | ādyena māyā-nimajjanam eva | dvitīyena tu svātantrya-lakṣaṇa-pareśa-dharma-cauryam | tena tan-māyā-vyākopaḥ | atas tayoḥ parityāga iti bhāvaḥ | yogastha-padaṃ vivṛṇoti -- siddhy-asiddhyor iti | tad-anuṣaṅga-phalānāṃ jayādīnāṃ siddhāv asiddhau ca samo bhūtvā rāga-dveṣa-rahitaḥ san kuru | idam eva samatvaṃ mayā yoga-stha ity atra yoga-śabdenoktaṃ citta-samādhi-rūpatvāt ||48||

BhG 2.49

śrīdharaḥ : kāmyaṃ tu karmātinikṛṣṭam ity āha dūreṇeti | buddhyā vyavasāyātmikayā kṛtaḥ karma-yogo buddhi-yogo buddhi-sādhana-bhūto vā, tasmāt sakāśād anyat sādhana-bhūtaṃ kāmyaṃ karma dūreṇa avaraṃ atyantam apakṛṣṭaṃ hi | yasmād evaṃ tasmād buddhau jñāne śaraṇam āśrayaṃ karma-yogam anviccha anutiṣṭha | yad vā buddhau śaraṇaṃ trātāram īśvaram āśrayety arthaḥ | phalahetur astu sakāmā narāḥ kṛpaṇā dīnāḥ yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ ||49||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kiṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva puruṣārtho yena niṣphalam eva sadā kartavyam ity ucyate prayojanam anuddiśya na mando 'pi pravartate iti nyāyāt | tad varaṃ phala-kāmanayaiva karmānuṣṭhānam iti cen nety āha dūreṇeti | buddhi-yogād ātma-buddhi-sādhana-bhūtān niṣkāma-karma-yogād dūreṇātiviprakarṣeṇāvaram adhamaṃ karma phalābhisandhinā kriyamāṇaṃ janma-maraṇa-hetu-bhūtam | athavā paramātma-buddhi-yogād dūreṇāvaraṃ sarvam api karma yasmād, he dhanañjaya, tasmād buddhau paramātma-buddhau sarvānartha-nivartikāyāṃ śaraṇaṃ pratibandhaka-pāpa-kṣayeṇa rakṣakaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam anviccha kartum iccha | ye tu phala-hetavaḥ phala-kāmā avaraṃ karma kurvanti te kṛpaṇāḥ sarvadā janma-maraṇādi-ghaṭī-yantra-bhramaṇena para-vaśā atyanta-dīnā ity arthaḥ | yo vā etad akṣaram gārgy aviditvā asmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇa [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ | tathā ca tvam api kṛpaṇo mā bhūḥ kintu sarvānartha-nivartakātma-jñānotpādakaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam evānutiṣṭhety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā hi kṛpaṇā janā atiduḥkhena dhanam arjayanto yat kiṃcid dṛṣṭa-sukha-mātra-lobhena dānādi-janitaṃ mahat sukham anubhavituṃ na śaknuvantīty ātmānam eva vañcayanti tathā mahatā duḥkhena karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ kṣudra-phala-mātra-lobhena paramānandā-nubhavena

viśvanāthaḥ : sakāma-karma nindati dūreṇeti | avaram atinikṛṣṭaṃ kāmyaṃ karma | buddhi-yogāt parameśvarārpita-niṣāma-karma-yogāt | buddhau niṣkāma-karmaṇy eva buddhi-yogo niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ ||49||

baladevaḥ : atha kāmya-karmaṇo nikṛṣṭatvam āha dūreṇeti | buddhi-yogād avaraṃ karma dūreṇa, he dhanañjaya, ātma-yāthātmya-buddhi-sādhana-bhūtān niṣkāma-karma-yogāt dūreṇātiviprakarṣeṇāvaram atyapakṛṣṭaṃ janma-maraṇādy-anartha-nimittaṃ kāmyaṃ karmety arthaḥ | hi yasmād evam atas tvaṃ buddhau tad-yāthātmya-jñāne śaraṇam āśrayaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam anviccha kuru | ye tu phala-hetavaḥ phala-kāmā avara-karma-kāriṇas te kṛpaṇās tat-phala-janma-karmādi-pravāha-paravaśā dīnā ity arthaḥ | tathā ca tvaṃ kṛpaṇo mābhūr iti iha kṛpaṇāḥ khalu kaṣṭopārjita-vittādṛṣṭa-sukha-lava-lubdhā vittāni dātum asamarthā mahatā

BhG 2.50

śrīdharaḥ : buddhi-yoga-yuktas tu śreṣṭha ity āha buddhi-yukta iti | sukṛtaṃ svargādi-prāpakaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ nirayādi-prāpakam | te ubhe ihaiva janmani parameśvara-prasādena tyajati | tasmād yogāya tad-arthāya karma-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yogo hi karmasu kauśalam | sva-dharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-buddhir īśvarārpita-cetastayā tat kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvaḥ | tad dhi kauśalaṃ yad bandha-svabhāvāny api karmāṇi samatva-buddhyā svabhāvān nivartante | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yukto bhava tvam ||50||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ buddhi-yogābhāve doṣam uktvā tad-bhāve guṇam āha buddhīti | iha karmasu buddhi-yuktaḥ samatva-buddhyā yukto jahāti parityajati ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte puṇya-pāpe sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yogāya tvaṃ yujyasva ghaṭasvodyukto bhava | yasmād īdṛśaḥ samatva-buddhi-yoga īśvarārpita-cetasaḥ karmasu pravartamānasya kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvo yad-bandha-hetūnām api karmaṇāṃ tad-abhāvo mokṣa-paryavasāyitvaṃ ca tan mahat kauśalam |

samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-yogaḥ karmātmāpi san duṣṭa-karma-kṣayaṃ karotīti mahā-kuśalaḥ | tvaṃ tu na kuśalo yataś cetano 'pi san sajātīya-duṣṭa-kṣayaṃ na karoṣīti vyatireko 'tra dhvanitaḥ | athavā iha samatva-buddhi-yukte karmaṇi kṛte sati sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa buddhi-yuktaḥ paramātma-sākṣātkāravān sañjahāty ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yuktāya karma-yogāya yujyasva | yasmāt karmasu madhye samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-yogaḥ kauśalaṃ kuśalo duṣṭa-karma-nivāraṇa-catura ity arthaḥ ||50||

viśvanāthaḥ : yogāyokta-lakṣaṇāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yataḥ karmasu sakāma-niṣkāmeṣu madhye yoga evodāsīnatvena karma-karaṇam eva | kauśalaṃ naipuṇyam ity arthaḥ ||50||

baladevaḥ : uktasya buddhi-yogasya prabhāvam āha buddhīti | iha karmasu yo buddhi-yuktaḥ pradhāna-phala-tyāga-viṣayānuṣaṅga-phala-siddhy-asiddhi-samatva-viṣayayā ca buddhyā yuktas tāni karoti, sa ubhe anādi-kāla-sañcite jñāna-pratibandhake sukṛta-duṣkṛte jahāti vināśayatīty arthaḥ | tasmād uktāya buddhi-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭasva | yasmāt karma-yogas tādṛśa-buddhi-sambandhaḥ | kauśalam cāturyaṃ bandhakānām eva buddhi-samparkād viśodhita-viṣa-pārada-nyāyena mocakatvena pariṇāmāt ||50||

BhG 2.51

śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇāṃ mokṣa-sādhanatva-prakāram āha karma-jam iti | karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karma kurvāṇo manīṣiṇo jñānino bhūtvā janma-rūpeṇa bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo 'nāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitaṃ viṣṇoḥ padaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti ||51||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu duṣkṛta-hānam apekṣitaṃ na tu sukṛta-hānaṃ puruṣārtha-bhraṃśāpatter ity āśaṅkya tuccha-phala-tyāgena parama-puruṣārtha-prāptiṃ phalam āha karma-jam iti | samatva-buddhi-yuktā hi yasmāt karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā kevalam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ sattva-śuddhi-dvāreṇa manīṣiṇas tat tvam asi ity ādi-vākya-janyātma-manīṣāvanto bhavanti | tādṛśāś ca santo janmātmakena bandhena vinirmuktā viśeṣeṇātyantikatva-lakṣaṇena niravaśeṣaṃ muktāḥ padaṃ padanīyam ātma-tattvam ānanda-rūpaṃ brahmānāmayam avidyā-tat-kāryātmaka-roga-rahitābhayaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ puruṣārthaṃ gacchanty abhedena prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ |

yasmād evaṃ phala-kāmanāṃ tyaktvā samatva-buddhyā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhantas taiḥ kṛtāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhayas tat tvam asy ādi-pramāṇotpannātma-tattva-jñāna-tat-kāryāḥ santaḥ sakalānartha-nivṛtti-paramānanda-prāpti-rūpaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ gacchanti tasmāt tvam api yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me [Gītā 2.7] ity ukteḥ śreyo jijñāsur evaṃvidhaṃ karma-yogam anutiṣṭheti bhagavato 'bhiprāyaḥ ||51||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : karmajam iti | buddhi-yuktās tādṛśa-buddhimantaḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā karmāṇy anutiṣṭhanto manīṣiṇaḥ karmāntargatātma-yāthātmya-prajñāvanto bhūtvā janma-bandhena vinirmuktāḥ santo 'nāmayaṃ kleśa-śūnyaṃ padaṃ vaikuṇṭhaṃ gacchantīti | tasmāt tvam api śreyo jijñāsur evaṃ vidhāni karmāṇi kurv iti bhāvaḥ | svātma-jñānasya paramātma-jñāna-hetutvāt tasyāpi tat-pada-gati-hetutvaṃ yuktam ||51||

BhG 2.52

śrīdharaḥ : kadāhaṃ tat padaṃ prāpsyāmi ity apekṣāyām āha yadeti dvābhyām | moho dehādiṣu ātma-buddhiḥ | tad eva kalilaṃ gahanam | kalilaṃ gahanaṃ vidur ity abhidhāna-koṣa-smṛteḥ | tataś cāyam arthaḥ | evaṃ parameśvarārādhane kriyamāṇe yadā tat-prasādena tava buddhir dehābhimāna-lakṣaṇaṃ moha-mayaṃ gahanaṃ durgaṃ viśeṣeṇātitariṣyati tadā śrotavyasya śrutasya cārthasya nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ gantāsi prāpsyasi | tayor anupādeyatvena jijñāsām na kariṣyasīty arthaḥ ||52||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ karmāṇy anutiṣṭhataḥ kadā me sattva-śuddhiḥ syād ity ata āha yadeti | na hy etāvatā kālena sattva-śuddhir bhavatīti kāla-niyamo 'sti | kintu yadā yasmin kāle te tava buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ vyatitariṣyati avivekātmakaṃ kāluṣam aham idaṃ mamedaṃ ity ādy-ajñāna-vilasitam atigahanam vyatikramiṣyati rajas-tamo-malam apahāya śuddha-bhāvam āpatsyata iti yāvat | tadā tasmin kāle śrotavyasya śrutasya ca karma-phalasya nirvedaṃ vaitṛṣṇyaṃ gantāsi prāptāsi | parīkṣya lokān karma-citān brāhmaṇo nirvedam āyāt [MuṇḍU 1.2.12] iti śruteḥ | nirvedena phalenāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiṃ jñāsyasīty

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ parameśvarārpita-niṣkāma-karmābhyāsāt tava yogo bhaviṣyatīty āha yadeti | tava buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ moha-rūpaṃ gahanaṃ viśeṣato 'tiśayena tariṣyati, tadā śrotavyasya śrotavyeṣv artheṣu śrutasya śruteṣv apy artheṣu nirvedaṃ prāpsyasi asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanayor naṣṭatvāt kiṃ me śāstropadeśa-vākya-śravaṇena | sāmprataṃ me sādhaneṣv eva pratikṣaṇam abhyāsaḥ sarvathocita iti maṃsyasa iti bhāvaḥ ||52||

baladevaḥ : nanu niṣkāmāṇi karmāṇi kurvato me kadātma-viṣayā manīṣābhyudiyād iti cet tatrāha yadeti | yadā te buddhir antaḥkaraṇaṃ moha-kalilaṃ tuccha-phalābhilāṣa-hetum ajñāna-gahanaṃ vyatitariṣyati parityakṣyatīty arthaḥ, tadā pūrvaṃ śrutasyānantaraṃ śrotavyasya ca tasya tuccha-phalasya sambandhinaṃ nirvedaṃ gantāsi gamiṣyasi | parīkṣya lokān karma-citān brāhmaṇo nirvedaṃ āyāt iti śravaṇāt | nirvedena phalena tad-viṣayāṃ tāṃ pariceṣyati iti nāsty atra kāla-niyama ity arthaḥ ||52||

BhG 2.53

śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca śrutīti | śrutibhir nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇair vipratipannā | itaḥ pūrvaṃ vikṣiptā satī tava buddhir yadā samādhau sthāsyati | samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhiḥ parameśvaraḥ | tasmin niścalā viṣayair antarair anākṛṣṭā | ataevācalā | abhyāsa-pāṭavena tatraiva sthirā ca satī yogaṃ yoga-phalaṃ tattva-jñānam avāpsyasi ||53||

madhusūdanaḥ : antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhyaivaṃ jāta-nirvedasya kadā jñāna-prāptir ity apekṣāyām āha śrutīti | te tava buddhiḥ śrutibhir nānā-vidha-phala-śravaṇair avicārita-tātparyair vipratipannā 'neka-vidha-saṃśaya-viparyāsavattvena vikṣiptā prāk | yadā yasmin kāle śuddhija-viveka-janitena doṣa-darśanena taṃ vikṣepaṃ parityajya samādhau parmātmani niścalā jāgrat-svapna-darśana-lakṣaṇa-vikṣepa-rahitācalā suṣupti-mūrcchā-stabdhībhāvādi-rūpa-laya-lakṣaṇa-calana-rahitā satī sthāsyati laya-vikṣepa-lakṣaṇau doṣau parityajya samāhitā bhaviṣyatīti yāvat | athavā niścalāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanā-rahitācalā dīrgha-kālādara-nairantarya-satkāra-sevanair vijātīya-pratyayādūṣitā satī nirvāta-pradīpavad ātmani sthāsyatīti yojanā | tadā tasmin kāle yogaṃ jīva-paramātmaikya-lakṣaṇaṃ tat-tvam-asīty ādi-vākya-janyam akhaṇḍa-sākṣātkāraṃ sarva-yoga-phalam avāpsyasi | tadā punaḥ sādhyāntarābhāvāt kṛta-kṛtyaḥ sthita-prajño bhaviṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||53||

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca śrutiṣu nānā-laukika-vaidikārtha-śravaṇeṣu vipratipannā asammatā viraketit yāvat | tatra hetuḥ niścalā teṣu teṣv artheṣu calituṃ vimukhībhūtety arthaḥ | kintu samādhau ṣaṣṭhe 'dhyāye vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇe 'calā sthairyavatī | tadā yogam aparokṣānubhava-prāptyā, jīvan-mukta ity arthaḥ ||53||

baladevaḥ : nanu karma-phala-nirviṇṇatayā karmānuṣṭhānena labdha-hṛd-viśuddher abhyuditātma-jñānasya me kadātma-sākṣāt-kṛtir iti cet tatrāha śrutīti | śrutyā karmaṇāṃ jñāna-garbhatāṃ prabodhayantyā tam etam ity ādikayā vipratipannā viśeṣeṇa saṃsiddhā te buddhir acalā asambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanābhyāṃ virahitā yadā samādhau manasi nirvāta-dīpa-śikheva niścalā sthāsyati tadā yogam ātmānubhava-lakṣaṇam avāpsyasi | ayam arthaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyatayānuṣṭhitāni karmāṇi sthita-prajñatā-rūpāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ sādhayanti | jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpā sthita-prajñatā tv ātmānubhavam iti ||53||

BhG 2.54

śrīdharaḥ : pūrva-ślokoktasyātma-tattva-jñasya lakṣaṇaṃ jijñāsur arjuna uvāca - sthita-prajñasyeti | svābhāvike samādhau sthitasya, ataeva sthitā niścalā prajñā buddhir yasya tasya bhāṣā kā ? bhāṣyate 'nayā iti bhāṣā lakṣaṇam iti yāvat | sa kena lakṣaṇena sthita-prajña ucyate ity arthaḥ | tathā sthita-dhīḥ kiṃ kathaṃ bhāṣaṇam āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ ca kuryād ity arthaḥ ||54||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam labdhāvasaraḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇaṃ jñātum arjuna uvāca | yāny eva hi jīvan-muktānāṃ lakṣaṇāni tāny eva mumukṣūṇāṃ mokṣopāya-bhūtānīti manvānaḥ | sthitā niścalā ahaṃ-brahmāsmi iti prajñā yasya sa sthita-prajño 'vasthā-dvayavān samādhistho vyutthita-cittaś ceti | ato viśinaṣṭi samādhi-sthasya sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ? karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī | bhāṣyate 'nayeti bhāṣā lakṣaṇam | samādhi-sthaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kena lakṣaṇenānyair vyavahriyata ity arthaḥ |

sa ca vyutthita-cittaḥ sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajñaḥ svayaṃ kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? stuti-nindādāv abhinandana-dveṣādi-lakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ kathaṃ prabhāṣeta ? sarvatra sambhāvanāyāṃ liṅ | tathā kim āsīteti vyutthita-citta-nigrahāya kathaṃ bahir indriyāṇāṃ nigrahaṃ karoti ? tan-nigrāhābhāva-kāle kiṃ vrajeta kathaṃ viṣayān prāpnoti ? tat-kartṛka-bhāṣaṇāsana-vrajanāni mūḍha-jana-vilakṣaṇāni kīdṛśānīity arthaḥ |

tad evaṃ catvāraḥ praśnāḥ samādhi-sthe sthita-prajña ekaḥ | vyutthite sthita-prajñe traya iti | keśaveti sambodhayan sarvāntaryāmitayā tvam evaitādṛśaṃ rahasyaṃ vaktuṃ samartho 'sīti sūcayati ||54||

viśvanāthaḥ : samādhāv acalā buddhir iti śrutvā tattvato yogino lakṣaṇaṃ pṛcchati sthita-prajñasyeti | sthitā sthirācalā prajña buddhir yasyeti | kā bhāṣā ? bhāṣyate 'nayeti bhāṣā lakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ lakṣaṇam ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśasya samādhi-sthasyeti samādhau sthāsyatīti | asyārthaḥ - evaṃ ca sthita-prajña iti | samādhi-stha iti jīvan-muktasya saṃjñā-dvayam | kiṃ prabhāṣeteti sukha-duḥkhayor mānāpamānayoḥ stuti-nindayoḥ sneha-dveṣayor vā samupasthitayoḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? spaṣṭaṃ svagataṃ vā kiṃ vaded ity arthaḥ | kim

baladevaḥ : evam ukto 'rjunaḥ pūrva-padyoktasya sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ jñātuṃ pṛcchati sthiteti | sthita-prajñe 'tra catvāraḥ praśnāḥ - samādhisthe ekaḥ, vyutthite tu trayaḥ | tathā hi - sthitā sthirā prajña dhīr yasya tasya samādhi-sthasya kā bhāṣā kiṃ lakṣaṇam ? bhāṣyate 'nayeti vyutpatteḥ | kena lakṣaṇena sthita-prajño 'bhidhīyata ity arthaḥ | tathā vyutthitaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kathaṃ bhāṣaṇādīni kuryāt ? tadīyāni tāni pṛthag-jana-vilakṣaṇāni kīdṛśānīty arthaḥ | tatra kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? svayoḥ stuti-nindayoḥ sneha-dveṣayoś ca prāptayor mukhataḥ svagataṃ vā kiṃ brūyāt ? kim āsīta bāhya-viṣayeṣu katham indriyāṇāṃ nigrahaṃ kuryāt ? vrajeta kim ? kiṃ tan-nigrāhābhāve ca kathaṃ viṣayānavāpnuyād ity arthaḥ | triṣu sambhāvanāyām ||54||

BhG 2.55

śrīdharaḥ : atra ca yāni sādhakasya jñāna-sādhanāni tāny eva svābhāvikāni siddhasya lakṣaṇāni | ataḥ siddhasya lakṣaṇāni kathayann evāntaraṅgāni jñāna-sādhanāny āha yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | tatra prathama-praśnasyottaram āha prajahātīti dvābhyām | manasi sthitān kāmān yadā prakarṣeṇa jahāti | tyāge hetum āha ātmanīti | ātmany eva svasminn eva paramānanda-rūpe ātmanā svayam eva tuṣṭa ity ātmārāmaḥ san yadā kṣudra-viṣayābhilāṣāṃs tyajati tadā tena lakṣaṇena muniḥ sthita-prajña ucyate ||55||

madhusūdanaḥ : eteṣāṃ catūrṇāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaraṃ bhagavān uvāca prajahātīti yāvad-adhyāya-samāpti | kāmān kāma-saṅkalpādīn mano-vṛtti-viśeṣān pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛti-bhedena tantrāntare pañcadhā prapañcitān sarvān niravaśeṣān prakarṣeṇa kāraṇa-bādhena yadā jahāti parityajati sarva-vṛtti-śūnya eva yadā bhavati sthita-prajñas tadocyate samādhistha iti śeṣaḥ | kāmānām anātma-dharmatvena parityāga-yogyatām āha manogatān iti | yadi hy ātma-dharmāḥ syus tadā na tyaktuṃ śakyeran vahny-auṣṇyavat svābhāvikatvāt | manasas tu dharmā ete | atas tat-parityāgena parityaktuaṃ śakyā evety arthaḥ | nanu sthita-prajñasya mukha-prasāda-liṅga-gamyaḥ santoṣa-viśeṣaḥ pratīyate sa kathaṃ sarva-kāma-parityāge syād ity āha - ātmany eva paramānanda-rūpe na tv anātmani tuccha ātmnaā svaprakāśa-cid-rūpeṇa bhāsamānena na tu vṛttyā tuṣṭaḥ paritṛptaḥ parama-puruṣārtha-lābhāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : catūrṇāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaram āha prajahātīti yāvad adhyāya-samāptiḥ | sarvān iti kasminn apy arthe yasya kiṃcin mātro 'pi nābhilāṣa ity arthaḥ | mano-gatān iti kāmānām ātma-dharmatvena parityāge yogyatā darśitā | yadi te hy ātma-dharmāḥ syus tadā tāṃs tyaktum aśakyeran vahner auṣṇyavad iti bhāvaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - ātmani pratyāhṛte manasi prāpto ya ātmānanda-rūpas tena tuṣṭaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye 'sya hṛdi śritāḥ | atha martyo 'mṛto bhavaty atra brahma samaśnute || [KaṭhU 2.3.14] iti ||55||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān krameṇa catūrṇāṃ uttaram āha yāvad adhyāya-pūrtiḥ | tatra prathamasyāha prajahātīty ekena | he pārtha ! yadā mano-gatān manasi sthitān kāmān sarvān prajahāti saṃtyajati tadā sthita-prajña ucyate | kāmānām mano-dharmatvāt parityāgo yuktaḥ | ātma-dharmatve duḥśakyaḥ sa syād vahny-uṣṇatādīnām iveti bhāvaḥ |

nanu śuṣka-kāṣṭhavat kathaṃ tiṣṭhatīti cet tatrāha ātmany eveti | ātmani pratyāhṛte manasi bhāsamānena sva-prakāśānanda-rūpeṇātmanā svarūpeṇa tuṣṭaḥ paritṛptaḥ kṣudra-viṣayābhilāṣān saṃtyajyātmānandārāmaḥ samādhisthaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ |

ātmā puṃsi svabhāve 'pi prayanta-manasor api | dhṛtāv api manīṣāyāṃ śarīra-brahmaṇor api || iti medinī-kāraḥ |

BhG 2.56

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca duḥkheṣv iti | duḥkheṣu prāpteṣv api anudvignam akṣubhitaṃ mano yasya saḥ | sukheṣu vigatā spṛhā yasya saḥ | tatra hetuḥ - vītā apagatā rāga-bhaya-krodhā yasmāt | tatra rāgaḥ prītiḥ | sa muniḥ sthita-dhīr ucyate ||56||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ vyutthitasya sthita-prajñasya bhāṣaṇopaveśana-gamanāni mūḍha-jana-vilakṣaṇāni vyākhyeyāni | tatra kiṃ prabhāṣetety asyottaram āha duḥkheṣv iti dvyābhyām | duḥkhāni trividhāni śoka-moha-jvara-śiro-rogādi-nimittāny ādhyātmikāni vyāghra-sarpādi-prayuktāny ādhibhautikāni ativātātivṛṣṭy-ādi-hetukāny ādhidaivikāni teṣu duḥkheṣu rajaḥ-pariṇāma-santāpātmaka-citta-vṛtti-viśeṣeṣu prārabdha-pāpa-karma-prāpiteṣu nodvignaṃ duḥkha-parihārākṣamatayā vyākulaṃ na bhavati mano yasya so 'nudvigna-manāḥ | avivekino hi duḥkha-prāptau satyām aho pāpo 'haṃ dhiṅ māṃ durātmānam etādṛśa-duḥkha-bhāginaṃ ko me duḥkham īdṛśaṃ nirākuryād ity anutāpātmako bhrānti-rūpas tāmasaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣa udvegākhyo jāyate | yady ayaṃ pāpānuṣṭhāna-samaye syāt tadā tat-pravṛtti-pratibandhakatvena saphalaḥ syāt | bhoga-kāle tu bhavan kāraṇe sati kāryasyocchettum aśakyatvān niṣprayojano duḥkha-kāraṇe saty api kim iti mama duḥkhaṃ jāyate iti avivekaja-bhrama-rūpatvān na vivekinaḥ sthita-prajñasya sambhavati | duḥkha-mātraṃ hi prārabdha-karmaṇā prāpyate na tu tad-uttara-kālīno bhramo 'pi |

nanu duḥkhāntara-kāraṇatvāt so 'pi prārabdha-karmāntareṇa prāpyatām iti cet, na | sthita-prajñasya bhramopādānājñāna-nāśena bhramāsambhavaāt taj-janya-duḥkha-prāpaka-prārabdhābhāvāt | yathā-kathaṃcid deha-yātrā-mātra-nirvāhaka-prārabdha-karma-phalasya bhramābhāve 'pi bādhitānuvṛttyopapatter iti vistareṇāgre vakṣyate |

tathā sukheṣu sattva-pariṇāma-rūpa-prītyātmaka-citta-vṛtti-viśeṣeṣu trividheṣu prārabdha-puṇya-karma-prāpiteṣu vigata-spṛha āgāmi-taj-jātīya-sukha-spṛhā-rahitaḥ | spṛhā hi nāma sukhānubhava-kāle taj-jātīya-sukhasya kāraṇaṃ dharmam ananuṣṭhāya vṛthaiva tad-ākāṅkṣā-rūpā tāmasī citta-vṛttir bhrāntir eva | sā cāvivekina eva jāyate | na hi kāraṇābhāve kāryaṃ bhavitum arhati | ato yathā sati kāraṇe kāryaṃ mā bhūd iti vṛthākāṅkṣā-rūpa udvego vivekino na sambhavati tathaivāsati kāraṇe kāryaṃ bhūyād iti vṛthākāṅkṣā-rūpā tṛṣṇātmikā spṛhāpi nopapadyate prārabdha-karmaṇaḥ sukha-mātra-prāpakatvāt |

harṣātmikā vā citta-vṛttiḥ spṛhā-śabdenoktā | sāpi bhrāntir eva | aho dhanyo 'haṃ yasya mamedṛśaṃ sukham upasthitaṃ ko vā mayā tulas tribhuvane kena vopāyena mamedṛśaṃ sukhaṃ na vicchidyetety evam ātmikotphullatā-rūpā tāmasī citta-vṛttiḥ | ataevoktaṃ bhāṣye - nāgnir ivendhanādy-ādhāne yaḥ sukhāny anuvivardhate sa vigata-spṛhaḥ iti | vakṣyati ca -- na prahṛṣyet priyaṃ prāpya nodvijet prāpya cāpriyam [Gītā 5.20] iti | sāpi na vivekinaḥ sambhavati bhrāntitvāt |

tathā vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | rāgaḥ śobhanādhyāsa-nibandhano viṣayeṣu rañjanātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣo 'tyantābhiniveśa-rūpaḥ | rāga-viṣayasya nāśake samupasthite tan-nivāraṇāsāmarthyam ātmano manyamānasya dainyātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣo bhayam | evaṃ rāga-viṣaya-vināśake samupasthite tan-nivāraṇa-sāmarthyam ātmano manyamānasyābhijvalanātmakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ krodhaḥ | te sarve viparyaya-rūpatvād vigatā yasmāt sa tathā | etādṛśo munir manana-śīlaḥ saṃnyāsī sthita-prajña ucyate | evaṃ-lakṣaṇaḥ sthita-dhīḥ svānubhava-prakaṭanena śiṣya-śikṣārtham anudvega-nispṛhatvādi-vācaḥ prabhāṣeta ity anvaya uktaḥ | evaṃ cānyo 'pi mumukṣur duḥkhe nodvijet sukhe na prahṛṣyet, rāga-bhaya-krodha-rahitaś ca bhaved ity abhiprāyaḥ ||56||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ prabhāṣetety asya uttaram āha duḥkheṣu kṣut-pipāsa-jvara-śiro-rogādiṣv ādhyātmikeṣu sarpa-vyāghrādy-utthiteṣv anudvigna-manāḥ prārabdhaṃ duḥkham idaṃ mayāvaśyaṃ bhoktavyam iti svagataṃ kenacit pṛṣṭaḥ san spaṣṭaṃ ca bruvan | na duḥkheṣūdvijata ity arthaḥ | tasya tādṛśa-mukha-vikriyābhāva evānudvega-liṅgaṃ sudhiyā gamyam | kṛtrimānudvega-liṅgavāṃs tu kapaṭī | sudhiyā paricito bhraṣṭa evocyata iti bhāvaḥ | evaṃ sukheṣv apy upasthiteṣu vigata-spṛha iti prārabdham idam avaśya-bhogyam iti svagataṃ spaṣṭaṃ ca bruvāṇasya tasya sukha-spṛhā-rāhitya-liṅgaṃ sudhiyā gamyam eveti bhāvaḥ | tat-tal-liṅgam eva spaṣṭīkṛtya darśayati vīto vigato rāgo 'nurāgaḥ sukheṣu bandhu-janeṣu yasya saḥ | yathaivādi-bharatasya devyāḥ pārśvaṃ prāpitasya svaccheda-cikīrṣor vṛṣala-rājān na bhayam | nāpi tatra krodho 'bhūd iti ||56||

baladevaḥ : atha vyutthitaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ kiṃ bhāṣetety asyottaram āha duḥkheṣv iti dvyābhyām | trividheṣv adhyātmikādiṣu duḥkheṣu samutthiteṣu satsv anudvigna-manāḥ prārabdha-phalāny amūni mayāvaśyaṃ bhoktavyānīti kenacit pṛṣṭaḥ svagataṃ vā bruvan tebhyo nodvijata ity arthaḥ | sukheṣu cottamāhāra-satkārādinā samupasthiteṣu vigata-spṛhas tṛṣṇā-śūnyaḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭāny amūni mayāvaśya-bhoktavyānīti kenacit pṛṣṭaṃ svagataṃ vā bruvan tair upasthitaḥ prahṛṣṭa-mukho na bhavatīty arthaḥ | vīteti - vīta-rāgaḥ kamanīyeṣu prīti-śūnyaḥ | vīta-bhayaḥ viṣayāpahartṛṣu prāpteṣu durlabhasya mamaitāni dharmyair bhavadbhir hriyanta iti dainya-śūnyaḥ | vīta-krodhaḥ teṣv eva prabalasya mamaitāni tucchair bhavadbhiḥ katham apahartavyānīti krodha-śūnyaś ca | evaṃvidho munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ svānubhavaṃ parān prati svagataṃ vā vadan naudvego nispṛhatādi-vacaḥ prabhāṣate ity uttaram ||56||

BhG 2.57

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ bhāṣeta ity asyottaram āha ya iti | yaḥ sarvatra putra-mitrādiṣv apy anabhisnehaḥ sneha-varjitaḥ | ataeva bādhitānuvṛttyā tat tat śubham anukūlaṃ prāpya nābhinandati aśubhaṃ pratikūlaṃ prāpya na dveṣṭi na nindati | kintu kevalam udāsīna eva bhāṣate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety arthaḥ ||57||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca | sarva-deheṣu jīvanādiṣv api yo munir anabhisnehaḥ, yasmin saty anyadīye hāni-vṛddhī svasminn āropyete sa tādṛśo 'nya-viṣayaḥ premāpara-paryāyas tāmaso vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ snehaḥ sarva-prakāreṇa tad-rahito 'nabhisnehaḥ | bhagavati paramātmani tu sarvathābhisnehavān bhaved eva | anātman-snehābhāvasya tad-arthatvād iti draṣṭavyam |

tat-tat-prārabdha-karma-pariprāpitaṃ śubhaṃ sukha-hetuṃ viṣayaṃ prāpya nābhinandati harṣa-viśeṣa-puraḥsaraṃ na praśaṃsati | aśubhaṃ duḥkha-hetuṃ viṣayaṃ prāpya na dveṣṭi antar-asūyā-pūrvakaṃ na nindati | ajñasya hi sukha-hetur yaḥ sva-kalatrādiḥ sa śubho viṣayas tad-guṇa-kathanādi-pravartikā dhī-vṛttir bhrānti-rūpābhinandaḥ | sa ca tāmasaḥ, tad-guṇa-kathanādeḥ para-prarocanārthatvābhāvena vyarthatvāt | evam asūyotpādanena duḥkha-hetuḥ parakīya-vidyā-prakarṣādir enaṃ pratyaśubho viṣayas tan-nindādi-pravartikā bhrānti-rūpā dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | so 'pi tāmasaḥ | tan-nindāyā nivāraṇārthatvābhāvena vyarthatvāt | tāv abhinanda-dveṣau bhrānti-rūpau tāmasau katham abhrānte śuddha-sattve sthita-prajñe sambhavatām | tasmād vicālakābhāvāt tasyānabhisnehasya harṣa-viṣāda-rahitasya muneḥ prajñā paramātma-tattva-viṣayā pratiṣṭhitā phala-paryavasāyinī sa sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | evam anyo 'pi mumukṣuḥ sarvatrānabhisneho bhavet | śubhaṃ prāpya na praśaṃset, aśubhaṃ prāpya na ninded ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra ca nindā-praśaṃsādi-rūpā vāco na prabhāṣeteti vyatireka uktaḥ ||57||

viśvanāthaḥ : anabhisnehaḥ sopādhi-sneha-śūnyo dayālutvān nirupādhir īṣan-mātra-snehas tu tiṣṭhed eva | tat tat prasiddhaṃ sammāna-bhojanādibhyaḥ sva-paricaraṇaṃ śubhaṃ prāpyāśubham anādaraṇaṃ muṣṭi-prahārādikaṃ ca prāpya krameṇa nābhinandati | na praśaṃsati tvaṃ dhārmikaḥ paramahaṃsa-sevī sukhī bhaveti na brūte | na dveṣṭi tvaṃ pāpātmā narake pateti nābhiśapati | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā samādhiṃ prati sthitā susthira-prajñā ucyata ity arthaḥ ||57||

baladevaḥ : ya iti sarveṣu prāṇiṣu anabhisneha aupādhika-sneha-śūnyaḥ | kāruṇikatvān nirupādhir īṣad-snehas tv asty eva | tat tat prasiddhaṃ śubham uttama-bhojana-srak-candanārpaṇa-rūpaṃ prāpya nābhinandati tad-arpakaṃ prati dharmiṣṭhas tvaṃ ciraṃ jīveti na vadati | aśubham apamānaṃ yaṣṭi-prahārādikaṃ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi, pāpiṣṭhas tvaṃ miryasveti nābhiśapati | tasya prajñeti sa sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | atra stuti-nindā-rūpaṃ vaco na bhāṣata iti vyatirekeṇa tal lakṣaṇam ||57||

BhG 2.58

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadeti | yadā cāyaṃ yogī indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sakāśād indriyāṇi saṃharate sarvata evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭha indriyāṇīnidryārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhyaḥ upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā | ity uktārthaṃ vākyam ||58||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ kim āsīteti praśnasyottaraṃ vaktum ārabhate bhagavān ṣaḍbhiḥ ślokaiḥ | tatra prārabdha-karma-vaśād vyutthānena vikṣiptānīndriyāṇi punar upasaṃhṛtya samādhy-artham eva sthita-prajñasyopaveśanam iti darśayitum āha yadeti | ayaṃ vyutthitaḥ sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇīndriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ | caḥ punar-arthe | yadā saṃharate punar upasaṃharati saṅkocayati | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo 'ṅgānīva | tadā tasya prajñāḥ pratiṣṭhiteti spaṣṭam | pūrva-ślokābhyāṃ vyutthāna-daśāyām api sakala-tāmasa-vṛtty-abhāva uktaḥ | adhunā tu punaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadeti | indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhya indriyāṇi śrotrādīni saṃharate | svādhīnānām indriyāṇāṃ bāhya-viṣayeṣu calanaṃ niṣidhyāntareva niścalatayā sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam ity arthaḥ | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ | kūrmo 'ṅgāni mukha-netrādīni yathā svāntar eva svecchayā sthāpayati ||58||

baladevaḥ : atha kim āsītety asyottaram āha yadety ādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhir | ayaṃ yogī yadā cendriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ svādhīnānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīny anāyāsena saṃharati samākarṣati tadā tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety anvayaḥ | atra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo 'ṅgānīveti | mukha-kara-caraṇāni yathānāyasena kamaṭhaḥ saṃharati tadvat viṣayebhyaḥ samākṛṣṭendriyāṇām antaḥ-sthāpanaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam ||58||

BhG 2.59

śrīdharaḥ : nanu nendriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣv apravṛttir sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ bhavitum arhati | jaḍānām āturāṇām upavāsa-parāṇāṃ ca viṣayeṣv pravṛtter aviśeṣāt | tatrāha viṣayā iti | indriyāir viṣayāṇām āharaṇaṃ grahaṇam āhāraḥ | nirāhārasya indriyāir viṣaya-grahaṇam akurvato dehino dehābhimānino 'jñasya rāgo 'bhilāṣas tad-varjaṃ | abhilāṣasya na nivartata ity arthaḥ | yad vā nirāhārasya upavāsa-parasya viṣayāḥ prāyaśo nivartante kṣudhā-santaptasya śabda-sparśādy-apekṣābhāvāt, kintu rasa-varjaṃ rasāpekṣā tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | śeṣaṃ samānam ||59||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu mūḍhasyāpi rogādi-vaśād viṣayebhya indriyāṇām upasaṃharaṇaṃ bhavati tat kathaṃ tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitety uktam ? ata āha viṣayā iti | nirāhārasya indriyāir indriyāir viṣayān anāharato dehino dehābhimānavato mūḍhasyāpi rogiṇaḥ kāṣṭha-tapasvino vā viṣayāḥ śabdādayo vinivartante kintu rasa-varjaṃ rasa-tṛṣṇā taṃ varjayitvā | ajñasya viṣayā nivartante tad-viṣayo rāgas tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | asya tu sthita-prajñasya paraṃ puruṣārthaṃ dṛṣṭvā tad evāham asmīti sākṣātkṛtya sthitasya raso 'pi kṣudra-sukha-rāgo 'pi nivartate | api-śabdād viṣayāś ca | tathā ca yāvān artha ity ādau vyākhyātam | evaṃ ca sa-rāga-viṣaya-nivṛttiḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇam iti na mūḍhe vyabhicāra ity arthaḥ | yasmān nāsati paramātma-samyag-darśane sa-rāga-viṣayocchedas tasmāt sa-rāga-viṣayocchedikāyāḥ samyag-darśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṃ mahatā yatnena sampādayed ity abhiprāyaḥ ||59||

viśvanāthaḥ : mūḍhasyāpi upavāsato rogādi-vaśād vendriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣv acalanaṃ sambhavet tatrāha viṣayā iti | rasa-varjaṃ raso rāgo 'bhilāṣas taṃ varjayitvā | abhilāṣas tu viṣayeṣu na nivartanta ity arthaḥ | asya sthita-prajñasya tu paraṃ paramātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvā viṣayeṣv abhilāṣo nivartata iti na lakṣaṇa-vyabhicāraḥ | ātma-sākṣātkāra-samarthasya tu sādhakatvam eva, na tu siddhatvam iti bhāvaḥ ||59||

baladevaḥ : nanu mūḍhasyāmaya-grastasya viṣayeṣv indriyāpravṛtti-dṛṣṭā tat katham etat sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ tatrāha viṣayā iti | nirāhārasya roga-bhayād bhojanādīny akurvato mūḍhasyāpi dehino janasya viṣayās tad-anubhavā vinivartante | kintu raso rāga-tṛṣṇā tad-varjaṃ viṣaya-tṛṣṇā tu na nivartata ity arthaḥ | asya sthita-prajñasya tu raso 'pi viṣaya-rāgo 'pi viṣayebhyaḥ paraṃ sva-prakāśānandam ātmānaṃ dṛṣṭvānubhūya nivartate vinaśyatīti sa-rāga-viṣaya-nivṛttis tasya lakṣaṇam iti na vyabhicāraḥ ||59||

BhG 2.60

śrīdharaḥ : indriya-saṃyamaṃ vinā sthita-prajñatā na sambhavati | ataḥ sādhakāvasthāyāṃ tatra mahān prayatnaḥ kartavya ity āha yatato hy apīti dvābhyām | yatato mokṣārthaṃ prayatamānasya | vipaścito vivekino 'pi | mana indriyāṇi prasabhaṃ balād haranti | yataḥ pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni kṣobhakānīty arthaḥ ||60||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra prajñā-sthairye bāhyendriya-nigraho mano-nigrahaś cāsādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ tad-ubhayābhāve prajñā-nāśa-darśanād iti vaktuṃ bāhyendriya-nigrahābhāve prathamaṃ doṣam āha yatata iti | he kaunteya !

yatato bhūyo bhūyo viṣaya-doṣa-darśanātmakaṃ yatnaṃ kurvato 'pi, cakṣiṅo ṅitva-karaṇād anudātteto 'nāvaśyakam ātmanepadam iti jñāpanāt parasmaipadam aviruddham | vipaścito 'tyanta-vivekino 'pi puruṣasya manaḥ kṣaṇa-mātraṃ nirvikāraṃ kṛtam apīndriyāṇi haranti vikāraṃ prāpayanti |

nanu virodhinī viveke sati kuto vikāra-prāptis tatrāha pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni atibalīyastvād vivekopamardana-kṣamāṇi | ataḥ prasabhaṃ prasahya balātkāreṇa paśyaty eva vipaściti svāmini viveke ca rakṣake sati sarva-pramāthītvād evendriyāṇi vivekaja-prajñāyāṃ praviṣṭaṃ manas tataḥ pracyāvya sva-viṣayāviṣṭatvena harantīty arthaḥ | hi-śabdaḥ prasiddhiṃ dyotayati | prasiddho hy ayam artho loke yathā pramāthino dasyavaḥ prasabham eva dhaninaṃ dhana-rakṣakaṃ cābhibhūya tayoḥ paśyator eva dhanaṃ haranti tathendriyāṇy api viṣaya-sannidhāne mano harantīti ||60||

viśvanāthaḥ : sādhakāvasthāyāṃ tu yatna eva mahān, na tv indriyāṇi parāvartayituṃ sarvathā śaktir ity āha yatata iti | pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni kṣobhakānīty arthaḥ ||60||

baladevaḥ : athāsyā jñāna-niṣṭhayā daurlabhyam āha yatato hīti | vipaścito viṣayātma-svarūpa-vivekajñasya tata indriya-jaye prayatamānasyāpi puruṣasya indriyāṇi śrotrādīni kartṝṇi manaḥ parasabhaṃ balād iva haranti | hṛtvā viṣaya-pravaṇaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | nanu virodhini viveka-jñāne sthite kathaṃ haranti tatrāha pramāthīnīti ati-baliṣṭhatvāt taj-jñānopamardana-kṣamāṇīty arthaḥ | tasmāt caurebhyo mahā-nidher ivendriyebhyo jñāna-niṣṭhāyāḥ saṃrakṣaṇaṃ sthita-prajñasyāsanam iti ||60||

BhG 2.61

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tānīti | yukto yogī tāni indriyāṇi saṃyamya mat-paraḥ sann āsīta | yasya vaśe vaśavartinīndriyāṇi | etena ca katham āsīteti praśnasya vaśīkṛtendriyaḥ sann āsīteti ||61||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tarhi tatra kaḥ pratīkāra ity ata āha tānīti | tānīndriyāṇi sarvāṇi jñāna-karma-sādhana-bhūtāni saṃyamya vaśīkṛtya yuktaḥ samāhito nigṛhīta-manāḥ sann āsīta nirvāpāras tiṣṭhet | pramāthināṃ kathaṃ sva-vaśīkaraṇam iti cet tatrāha mat-para iti | ahaṃ sarvātmā vāsudeva eva para utkṛṣṭa upādeyo yasya sa mat-para ekānta-mad-bhakta ity arthaḥ | tathā coktam na vāsudeva-bhaktānām aśubhaṃ vidyate kvacit iti | yathā hi loke balavantaṃ rājānam āśritya dasyavo nigṛhyante rājāśrito 'yam iti jñātvā ca svayam eva tad-vaśyā bhavanti tathaiva bhagavantaṃ sarvāntaryāminam āśritya tat-prabhāveṇaiva duṣṭānīndriyāṇi nigrāhyāṇi punaś ca bhagavad-āśrito 'yam iti matvā tāni tad-vaśyāny eva bhavantīti bhāvaḥ | yathā ca bhagavad-bhakter mahā-prabhāvatvaṃ tathā vistareṇāgre vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | indriya-vaśīkāre phalam āha vaśe hīti | spaṣṭam | tad etad vaśīkṛtendriyaḥ sann āsīteti kim āsīteti praśnasyottaram uktaṃ bhavati ||61||

viśvanāthaḥ : mat-paro mad-bhakta iti | mad-bhaktiṃ vinā naivendriya-jaya ity agrima-granthe 'pi sarvatra draṣṭavyam | yad uktam uddhavena -

prāyaśaḥ puṇḍarīkākṣa yuñjanto yogino manaḥ | viṣīdanty asamādhānān mano-nigraha-karśitāḥ |

baladevaḥ : nanu nirjitendriyāṇām apy ātmānubhavo na pratītas tatra ko 'bhyupāya iti cet tatrāha tānīti | tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya mat-paro man-niṣṭhaḥ san yuktaḥ kṛtāma-samādhir āsīta tiṣṭheta | mad-bhakti-prabhāvena sarvendriya-vijaya-pūrvikā svātma-dṛṣṭiḥ sulabheti bhāvaḥ | evaṃ smaranti -

yathāgnir uddhata-śikhaḥ kakṣaṃ dahati sānilaḥ |

vaśe hīti spaṣṭam | itthaṃ ca vaśīkṛtendriyatayāvasthitiḥ kim āsītety asyottaram uktam ||61||

BhG 2.62-63

śrīdharaḥ : bāhyendriya-saṃyamābhāve doṣam uktvā manaḥ-saṃyamābhāve doṣam āha dhyāyata iti dvābhyām | guṇa-buddhyā viṣayān dhyāyataḥ puṃsaḥ teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | āsaktyā ca teṣu adhikaḥ kāmo bhavati | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodho bhavati | kiṃ ca, krodhād iti | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tataḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭa-smṛter vibhramo vicalanaṃ bhraṃśaḥ | tato buddheś cetanāyā nāśaḥ | vṛkṣādiṣv ivābhibhavaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati mṛta-tulyo bhavati ||62-63||

madhusūdanaḥ : nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi śabdādīnviṣayān dhyāyato manasā punaḥ punaś cintayataḥ puṃsas teṣu viṣayeṣu saṅga āsaṅgo mamātyantaṃ sukha-hetava eta ity evaṃ śobhanādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ prīti-viśeṣa upajāyate saṅgāt sukha-hetutva-jñāna-lakṣaṇāt saṃjāyate kāmo mamaite bhavantv iti tṛṣṇā-viśeṣaḥ | tasmāt kāmāt kutaścit pratihanyamānāt tat-pratighāta-viṣayaḥ krodho 'bhijvalanātmābhijāyate | krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāva-rūpaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ smṛteḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭārthānusandhānasya vibhramo vicalanaṃ vibhraṃśaḥ | tasmāc ca smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher aikātmyākāra-mano-vṛtter nāśo viparīta-bhāvanopacaya-doṣeṇa pratibandhād anutpattir utpannāyāś ca phalāyogyatvena vilayaḥ | buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati tasyāś ca phala-bhūtāyā buddher vilopāt praṇaśyati sarva-puruṣārthāyogyo bhavati | yo hi puruṣārthāyogyo jātaḥ sa mṛta eveti loke vyavahriyate | ataḥ praṇaśyatīty uktam | yasmād evaṃ manaso nigrahābhāve nigṛhīta-bāhyendriyasyāpi paramānartha-prāptis taramān mahatā prayatnena mano nigṛhṇīyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | ato yuktam uktaṃ tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīteti ||62-63||

viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya mano-vaśīkāra eva bāhyendriya-vaśīkāra-kāraṇaṃ sarvathā mano-vaśīkārābhāve tu yat syāt tat śṛṇv ity āha dhyāyata iti | saṅga āsaktiḥ | āsaktyā ca teṣv adhikaḥ kāmo 'bhilāṣaḥ | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaḥ | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-vivekābhāvaḥ | tasmāc ca śāstropadiṣṭa-svārthasya smṛti-nāśaḥ | tasmāc ca buddheḥ sad-vyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | tataḥ praṇaśyati saṃsāra-kūpe patati ||62-63||

baladevaḥ : vijitendriyasyāpi mayy aniveśita-manasaḥ punar anartho durvāra ity āha dhyāyata iti dvyābhyām | viṣayān śabdādīn sukha-hetutva-buddhyā dhyāyataḥ punaḥ punaś cintayato yoginas teṣu saṅga āsaktir bhavati | saṅgād dhetos teṣu kāma-tṛṣṇā jāyate | kāmāc ca kenacit pratihatāt krodhaś citta-jvālas tat-pratighātako bhavati | krodhāt saṃmohaḥ kāryākārya-viveka-vijñāna-vilopaḥ | saṃmohāt smṛter indriya-vijayādi-prayatnānusandher vibhramo vibhraṃśaḥ | smṛti-bhraṃśād buddher ātma-jñānārthakasyādhyavasāyasya nāśaḥ | buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati punar viṣaya-bhoga-nimagno bhavati saṃsaratīty arthaḥ | madanāśrayaṇād durbalaṃ manas tāni sva-viṣayair yojayantīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca mano-vijigīṣuṇā mad-upāsanaṃ vidheyam ||62-63||

BhG 2.64

śrīdharaḥ : nanv indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-pravaṇa-svabhāvānāṃ niroddhum aśakyatvād ayaṃ doṣo duṣparihara iti sthita-prajñatvaṃ kathaṃ syāt ? ity āśaṅkyāha rāga-dveṣa iti dvābhyām | rāga-dveṣa-rahitaiḥ vigata-darpair indriyaiḥ viṣayāṃś carann upabhuñjāno 'pi prasādaṃ śāntiṃ prāpnoti | rāga-dveṣa-rāhityam evāha ātmeti | ātmano manasaḥ vaśyair indriyaiḥ vidheyo vaśavartī ātmā mano yasyeti | anenaiva kathaṃ vrajetety asya caturtha-praśnasya svādhīnair indriyair viṣayān gacchatīty uttaram uktaṃ bhavati ||64||

madhusūdanaḥ : manasi nigṛhīte tu bāhyendriya-nigrahābhāve 'pi na doṣa iti vadan kiṃ vrajetety asyottaram āhāṣṭabhiḥ | yo 'samāhita-cetāḥ sa bāhyendriyāṇi nigṛhyāpi rāga-dveṣa-duṣṭena manasā viṣayāṃś cintayan puruṣārthād bhraṣṭo bhavati | vidheyātmā tu tu-śabdhaḥ pūrvasmād vyatirekārthaḥ | vaśīkṛtāntaḥ-karaṇas tu ātma-vaśyair mano 'dhīnaiḥ svādhīnair iti vā rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ viyuktair virahitair indriyaiḥ śrotrādibhir viṣayān śabdādīn aniṣiddhāṃś carann upalabhamānaḥ prasādaṃ prasannātāṃ cittasya svacchatāṃ paramātma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatām adhigacchati | rāga-dveṣa-prayuktānīndriyāṇi doṣa-hetutāṃ pratipadyante | manasi sva-vaśe tu na rāga-dveṣau | tayor abhāve ca na tad-adhīnendriya-pravṛttiḥ | avarjanīyatayā tu viṣayopalambho na doṣam āvahatīti na śuddhi-vyāghāta iti bhāvaḥ |

etena viṣayāṇāṃ smaraṇam api ced anartha-kāraṇaṃ sutarāṃ tarhi bhogas tena jīvanārthaṃ viṣayān bhuñjānaḥ katham anarthaṃ na pratipadyeteti śaṅkā nirastā | svādhīnair indriyair viṣayān prāpnotīti ca kiṃ vrajeteti praśnasyottaram uktaṃ bhavati ||64||

viśvanāthaḥ : mānasa-viṣaya-grahaṇābhāve sati sva-vaśyair indriyair viṣaya-grahaṇe 'pi na doṣa iti vadan sthita-prajño vrajeta kim ity asyottaram āha rāgeti | vidheyo vacane sthta ātmā mano yasya saḥ |

vidheyo vinaya-grāhī vacane sthita āśravaḥ | vaśyaḥ praṇayo nibhṛta-vinīta-praśritāḥ || ity amaraḥ |

prasādam adhigacchatīty etādṛśasyādhikāriṇo viṣaya-grahaṇam api na doṣa iti kiṃ vaktavyam ? pratyuta guṇa eveti | sthita-prajñasya viṣaya-tyāga-svīkārāv eva āsana-vrajane te ubhe api tasya bhadre iti bhāvaḥ ||64||

baladevaḥ : manasi nirjite śrotrādi-nirjayābhāvo 'pi na doṣa iti bruvan vrajeta kim ity asottaram āha rāgeti ādibhir aṣṭabhiḥ | vijita-bahir-indriyo 'pi mad-anarpita-manāḥ paramārthād vicyuta ity uktam | yo vidheyātmā svādhīna-manā mad-arpita-manās tata eva nidagdha-rāgādi-mano-malaḥ sa tv ātma-vaśyair mano 'dhīnair ata eva rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ viyuktair indriyaiḥ śrotrādyair viṣayān niṣiddhān śabdādīṃś caran bhuñjāno 'pi prasādaṃ viṣayāsakty-ādi-malānāgamād vimala-manas tam adhigacchatīty prāpnotīty arthaḥ ||64||

BhG 2.65

śrīdharaḥ : prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity atrāha prasāda iti | prasāde sati sarva-duḥkha-nāśaḥ | tataś ca prasanna-cetaso buddhiḥ pratiṣṭhitā bhavatīty arthaḥ ||65||

madhusūdanaḥ : prasādam adhigacchatīty uktaṃ tatra prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity ucyate prasāda iti | cittasya prasāde svacchatva-rūpe sati sarva-duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnām ajñāna-vilasitānāṃ hānir vināśo 'sya yater upajāyate | hi yasmāt prasanna-cetaso yater āśu śīghram eva buddhir brahmātmaikyākārā paryavatiṣṭhate pari samantād avatiṣṭhate sthirā bhavati viparīta-bhāvanādi-pratibandhābhāvāt | tataś ca prasāde sati buddhi-paryavasthānaṃ tatas tad-virodhy-ajñāna-nivṛttiḥ | tatas tat-kārya-sakala-duḥkha-hānir iti krame 'pi prasāde yatrādhikyāya sarva-duḥkha-hāni-karatva-kathanam iti na virodhaḥ ||65||

viśvanāthaḥ : buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate sarvato-bhāvena svābhīṣṭaṃprati sthirī-bhavatīti viṣaya-grahaṇābhāvād api samucita-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ tasya sukham iti bhāvaḥ | prasanna-cetaso iti citta-prasādo bhaktyaiveti jñeyam | tayā vinā tu na citta-prasāda iti prathama-skandha eva prapañcitam | kṛta-vedānta-śāstrasyāpi vyāsasyāprasanna-cittasya śrī-nāradopadiṣṭayā bhaktyaiva citta-prasāda-dṛṣṭeḥ ||65||

baladevaḥ : prasāde sati kiṃ syād ity āha asya yogino manaḥ prasāde sati sarveṣāṃ prakṛti-saṃsarga-kṛtānāṃ duḥkhānāṃ hānir upajāyate | prasanna-cetasaḥ svātma-yāthātmya-viṣayā buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate sthirā bhavati ||65||

BhG 2.66

śrīdharaḥ : indriya-nigrahasya sthita-prajñatā-sādhanatvaṃ vyatireka-mukhenopapādayati nāstīti | ayuktasya avaśī-kṛtendriyasya nāsti buddhiḥ | śāstrācāryopadeśābhyām ātma-viṣayā buddhiḥ prajñaiva notpadyate | kutas tasyāḥ pratiṣṭhā-vārtā | kuta ity atrāha na ceti | na cāyuktasya bhāvanā dhyānam | bhāvanayā hi buddher ātmani pratiṣṭhā bhavati, sā ca ayuktasya yato nāsti | na cābhāvayataḥ ātma-dhyānam akurvataḥ śāntiḥ ātmani cittoparamaḥ | aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham mokṣānanda ity arthaḥ ||66||

madhusūdanaḥ : imam evārthaṃ vyatireka-mukhena draḍhayati nāstīti | ayuktasyājita-cittasya buddhir ātma-viṣayā śravaṇa-mananākhya-vedānta-vicāra-janyā nāsti notpadyate | tad-buddhy-abhāve na cāyuktasya bhāvanā nididhyāsanātmikā vijātīya-pratyayānantaritasajātīya-pratyaya-pravāha-rūpā | sarvatra naño 'stīty anenānvayaḥ | na cābhāvayata ātmānaṃ śāntiḥ sakāryāvidyā-nivṛtti-rūpā vedānta-vākya-janyā brahmātmaikya-sākṣāt-kṛtiḥ | aśāntasyātma-sākṣātkāra-śūnyasya kutaḥ sukhaṃ mokṣānanda ity arthaḥ ||66||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ vyatireka-mukhena draḍhayati nāstīti | ayuktasyāvaśīkṛta-manaso buddhir ātma-viṣayiṇī prajñā nāsti | ayuktasya tādṛśa-prajñā-rahitasya bhāvanā parameśvara-dhyānaṃ ca | abhāvayato 'kṛta-dhyānasya śāntir viṣayoparamo nāsti | aśāntasya sukham ātmānandaḥ ||66||

baladevaḥ : pūrvoktam arthaṃ vyatireka-mukhenāha ayuktasyāyogino mad-aniveśita-manaso buddhir ukta-lakṣaṇā nāsti na bhavati | ataeva tasya bhāvanā tādṛg-ātma-cintāpi nāsti | tādṛśam ātmānam abhāvayataḥ śāntir viṣaya-tṛṣṇā-nivṛttir nāsti | aśāntasya tat-tṛṣṇākulasya sukham sva-prakāśānandātmānubhava-lakṣaṇaṃ kutaḥ syāt ||66||

BhG 2.67

śrīdharaḥ : nāsti buddhir ayuktasya [Gītā 2.66] ity atra hetum āha indriyāṇām iti | indriyāṇām avaśīkṛtānāṃ svairaṃ viṣayeṣu caratāṃ madhye yadaivaikam indriyaṃ mano 'nuvidhīyate |vaśīkṛtaṃ sad-indriyeṇa saha gacchati, tadaivaikam indriyasya manasaḥ puruṣasya vā prajñāṃ buddhiṃ harati viṣaya-vikṣiptāṃ karoti | kim uta vaktavyaṃ bahūni prajñāṃ harantīti | yathā pramattasya karṇadhārasya nāvaṃ vāyuḥ sarvataḥ paribhramayati tadvad iti ||67||

madhusūdanaḥ : ayuktasya kuto nāsti buddhir ity ata āha indriyāṇām iti | caratāṃ sva-viṣayeṣu sva-sva-viṣayeṣu pravartamānānām avaśīkṛtānām indriyāṇāṃ madhye yad ekam apīndriyam anulakṣyīkṛtya mano vidhīyate preryate pravartate iti yāvat | karma-kartari la-kāraḥ | tat indriyam ekam api manasānusṛtam asya sādhakasya manaso vā prajñām ātma-viṣayāṃ śāstrīyāṃ harati apanayati manasas tad-viṣayāviṣṭatvāt | yadaikam apīndriyaṃ prajñāṃ harati tadā sarvāṇi harantīti kim u vaktavyam ity arthaḥ |

dṛṣṭāntas tu spaṣṭaḥ | abhyasyeti vāyor naukā-haraṇa-sāmarthyaṃ na bhuvīti sūcayitum ambhasīty uktam | evaṃ dārṣṭāntike 'py ambhaḥ-sthānīye manaś cāñcalye saty eva prajñā-haraṇa-sāmarthyam indriyasya na tu bhū-sthānīye manaḥ-sthairya iti sūcitam ||67||

viśvanāthaḥ : ayuktasya buddhir nāstīty upapādayati indriyāṇāṃ sva-sva-viṣayeṣu caratāṃ madhye yan mama ekam indriyam anuvidhīyate | puṃsāṃ sarvendriyānuvartiḥ kriyate, tad eva mano 'sya prajñāṃ buddhiṃ harati | yathāmbhasi nīyamānāṃ nāvaṃ pratikūlo vāyuḥ ||67||

baladevaḥ : man-niveśita-manaskatayeindriya-niyamanābhāve doṣam āha indriyāṇām iti | viṣayeṣu caratām avijitānām indriyāṇāṃ madhye yad ekaṃ śrotraṃ vā cakṣur vānulakṣyīkṛtya mano vidhīyate pravartate, tad ekam evendriyaṃ manasānugatam asya pravartakasya prajñāṃ viviktātma-viṣayāṃ haraty apanayati manasasas tad-viṣayākṛṣṭatvāt | kiṃ punaḥ ? sarvāṇi tānīti | pratikūlo vāyur yathāmbhasi nīyamānāṃ nāvaṃ tadvat ||67||

BhG 2.68

śrīdharaḥ : indriya-saṃyamasya sthita-prajñatve sādhanatvaṃ coktam upasaṃharati tasmād iti | sādhanatvopasaṃhāre tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā jñātavyety arthaḥ | mahābāho ! iti sambodhayan vairi-nigrahe samarthasya tavātrāpi sāmarthyaṃ bhaved iti sūcayati ||68||

madhusūdanaḥ : hi yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇi samanaskāni | he mahābāho iti sambodhayan sarva-śatru-nivāraṇa-kṣamatvād indriya-śatru-nivāraṇe 'pi tvaṃ kṣamo 'sīti sūcayati | spaṣṭam anyat | tasyeti siddhasya sādhakasya ca parāmarśaḥ | indriya-saṃyamasya sthita-prajñaṃ prati lakṣaṇatvasya mumukṣuṃ prati prajñā-sādhanatvasya copasaṃharaṇīyatvāt ||68||

viśvanāthaḥ : yasya nigṛhīta-manasaḥ | he mahā-bāho ! iti yathā śatrūn nigṛhṇāsi, tathā mano 'pi nigṛhāṇeti bhāvaḥ ||68||

baladevaḥ : tasmād iti | yasya man-niṣṭha-manasaḥ pratiṣṭhitātma-niṣṭhā bhavati | he mahābāho iti yathā ripūn nigṛhṇāsi tathendriyāṇi nigṛhāṇety arthaḥ | ebhiḥ ślokair bhagavan-niviṣṭatayendriya-vijayaḥ sthita-prajñasya siddhasya svābhāvikaḥ | sādhakasya tu sādhana-bhūta iti bodhyam ||68||

BhG 2.69

śrīdharaḥ : nanu na kaścid api prasupta iva darśanādi-vyāpāra-śūnyaḥ sarvātmanā nigṛhītendriyo loke dṛśyate | ato 'saktāvitam idaṃ lakṣaṇam ity āśaṅkyāha yā niśeti | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ yā niśā | niśeva niśā ātma-niṣṭhā | ajñāna-dhvāntāvṛta-matīnāṃ tasyāṃ darśanādi-vyāpārābhāvāt | tasyāṃ ātma-niṣṭhāyāṃ saṃyamī nigṛhītendriyo jāgrati prabudhyante | sātma-tattvaṃ paśyato muner niśā | tasyāṃ darśanādi-vyāpāras tasya nāsti ity arthaḥ | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yathā divāndhānām ulukādīnāṃ rātrāv eva darśanaṃ na tu divase | evaṃ brahmajñasyonmīlitākṣasyāpi brahmaṇy eva dṛṣṭiḥ | na tu viṣayeṣu | ato nāsambhāvitam idaṃ lakṣaṇam iti ||69||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ mumukṣuṇā prajñā-sthairyāya prayatna-pūrvakam indriya-saṃyamaḥ kartavya ity uktaṃ sthita-prajñasya tu svataḥ siddha eva sarvendriya-saṃyama ity āha yā niśeti | yā vedānta-vākya-janita-sākṣātkāra-rūpāhaṃ brahmāsmīti prajñā sarva-bhūtānām ajñānāṃ niśeva niśā tān praty aprakāśa-rūpatvāt | tasyāṃ brahma-vidyā-lakṣaṇāyāṃ sarva-bhūta-niśāyāṃ jāgarti ajñāna-nidrāyāḥ prabuddhaḥ san sāvadhāno vartate saṃyamīndriya-saṃyamavān sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | yasyāṃ tu dvaita-darśana-lakṣaṇāyām avidyā-nidrāyāṃ prasuptāny eva bhūtāni jāgrati svapnavad vyavaharanti sā niśā na prakāśata ātma-tattvaṃ paśyato 'parokṣatayā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya | yāvad dhi na prabudhyate tāvad eva svapna-darśanaṃ bodhya-paryantatvād bhramasya tattva-jñāna-kāle tu na bhrama-nimittaḥ kaścid vyavahāraḥ | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ -

kākolūka-niśevāyaṃ saṃsāro 'jñātma-vedinoḥ | yā niśā sarva-bhūtānām ity avocat svayaṃ hariḥ || iti |

tathā ca yasya viparīta-darśanaṃ tasya na vastu-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśanasya vastv-adarśana-janyatvāt | yasya ca vastu-darśanaṃ tasya na viparīta-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśana-kāraṇasya vastv-adarśanasya vastu-darśanena bādhitatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - yatra vā anyad iva syāt tatrānyo 'nyat paśyet | yatra svasya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ paśyet || iti vidyāvidyayor vyavasthām āha | yathā kākasya rātry-andhasya dinam ulūkasya divāndhasya niśā rātrau paśyataś colūkasya yad dinaṃ rātrir eva sā kākasyeti mahad āścaryam etat | atas tattva-darśibhiḥ katham āvidyaka-kriyā-kārakādi-vyavahāraḥ syād iti svataḥ siddha eva tasyendriya-saṃyama ity arthaḥ ||69||

viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya tu svataḥ-siddha eva sarvendriya-nigraha ity āha yeti | buddhir hi dvividhā bhavati ātma-pravaṇā viṣaya-pravaṇā ca | tatra yā ātma-pravaṇā buddhiḥ sā sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśā | niśāyāṃ kiṃ kiṃ syād iti tasyāṃ svapanto janā yathā na jānanti, tathaiva ātma-pravaṇa-buddhau prāpyamāṇaṃ vastu sarva-bhūtāni na jānanti | kintu tasyāṃ saṃyamī sthita-prajño jāgarti | na tu svapiti | ata ātma-buddhi-niṣṭham ānandaṃ sākṣād anubhavati | yasyāṃ viṣaya-pravaṇāyāṃ buddhau bhūtāni jāgrati, tan-niṣṭhaṃ viṣaya-sukha-śoka-mohādikaṃ sākṣād anubhavanti na tu tatra svapanti | sā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya niśā tan-niṣṭhaṃ kim api nānubhavati ity arthaḥ | kintu paśyataḥ sāṃsārikānāṃ sukha-duḥkha-pradān viṣayān tatraudāsīnyenāvalokayataḥ svabhogyān viṣayān api yathocitaṃ nirlepam ādadānasyety arthaḥ ||69||

baladevaḥ : sādhakāvasthasya sthita-prajñasyendriya-saṃyamaḥ prayatna-sādhya ity uktam | siddhāvasthasya tu tasya tan-niyamaḥ svābhāvika ity āha yā niśeti | viviktātma-niṣṭhā viṣaya-niṣṭhā ceti buddhir dvividhā | yātma-niṣṭhā buddhiḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśā-rūpakeṇopamātra vyajyate rātri-tulyā tadvad aprakāśikā | rātrāv ivātma-niṣṭhāyāṃ buddhau svapanto janās tal-labhyam ātmānaṃ sarve nānubhavantīty arthaḥ | saṃyamī jitendriyas tu tasyāṃ jāgarti na tu svapiti | tayā labhyam ātmānam anubhavatīty arthaḥ | yasyāṃ viṣya-niṣṭhāyāṃ buddhau bhūtānio jāgrati viṣaya-bhogān anubhavanti na tu tatra svapanti sā muneḥ sthita-prajñasya niśā | tasya viṣaya-bhogāprakāśikety arthaḥ | kīdṛśasyety āha paśyata iti | ātmānaṃ sākṣād anubhavataḥ prārabdhaākṛṣṭān viṣayān apy audāsīnyena bhuñjānasya cety arthaḥ | nartakī-mūrdha-ghaṭāvadhāna-nyāyenātma-dṛṣṭer na tad-anya-rasa-graha iti bhāvaḥ |

BhG 2.70

śrīdharaḥ : nanu viṣayeṣu dṛṣṭy-abhāve katham asau tān bhuṅkte ity apekṣāyām āha āpūryamāṇam iti | nānā-nada-nadīnbhir āpūryamāṇam api acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam eva samudraṃ punar api anyā āpo yathā praviśanti tathā kāmā viṣayā yaṃ munim antar-dṛṣṭiṃ bhogair avikriyamāṇam eva prārabdha-karmabhir ākṣiptāḥ santaḥ praviśanti sa śāntim kaivalyaṃ prāpnoti | na tu kāma-kāmī bhoga-kāmanā-śīlaḥ ||70||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśasya sthita-prajñasya sarva-vikṣepa-śāntir apy artha-siddheti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha āpūryamāṇam iti | sarvābhir nadībhir āpūryamāṇaṃ santaṃ vṛṣṭy-ādi-prabhavā api sarvā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti | kīdṛśam acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādam | acalānāṃ mainākādīnāṃ pratiṣṭhā yasminn iti vā gāmbhīryātiśaya uktaḥ | yadvad yena prakāreṇa nirvikāratvena tadvat tenaiva nirvikāratva-prakāreṇa yaṃ sthita-prajñaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ kāmā ajñair lokaiḥ kāmyamānāḥ śabdādyāḥ sarve viṣayā avarjanīyatayā prārabdha-karma-vaśāt praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ śaknuvanti sa mahā-samudra-sthānīyaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ śāntiṃ sarva-laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepa-nivṛttiṃ bādhitānuvṛttāvidyā-kārya-nivṛttiṃ cāpnoti jñāna-balena | na kāma-kāmī kāmān viṣayān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa kāma-kāmy ajñaḥ śāntiṃ samākhyātāṃ nāpnoti | api tu sarvadā laukikālaukika-karma-vikṣepeṇa mahati kleśārṇave magno bhavatīti vākyārthaḥ | etena jñānina eva phala-bhūto vidvat-saṃnyāsas tasyaiva ca sarva-vikṣepa-nivṛtti-rūpā jīvan-muktir daivāddhnīna-viṣaya-bhoge 'pi nirvikāratety-ādikam uktaṃ veditavyam ||70||

viśvanāthaḥ : viṣaya-grahaṇe kṣobha-rāhityam eva nirlepety āha āpūryamāṇam iti | yathā varṣāsu itas tataḥ nādeyā āpaḥ samudraṃ praviśanti kīdṛśam | ā īṣad api āpūryamāṇam tāvatībhir apy adbhiḥ pūrayituṃ na śakyam | acala-pratiṣṭham anatikrānta-maryādaṃ tadvad eva kāmā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti bhogyatvenāyānti | yathā apāṃ praveśe apraveśe vā samudro na kam api viśeṣam āpadyate | evam eva yaḥ kāmānāṃ bhoge abhoge ca kṣobha-rahita eva syāt sa sthita-prajñaḥ | śāntiṃ jñānam ||70||

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ bhāvaṃ sphuṭayann āha āpūryeti | svarūpeṇaivāpūryamāṇaṃ tathāpy acala-pratiṣṭham anullaṅghita-velaṃ samudraṃ yathāpo 'nyā varṣodbhavā nadyaḥ praviśanti, na tu tatra kiñcid viśeṣaṃ śaknuvanti kartuṃ, tadvat sarve kāmāḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭā viṣayā yaṃ praviśanti na tu vikartuṃ prabhavanti sa śāntim āpnoti | śabdādiṣu tad indriya-gocareṣv api sat svātmānandānubhava-tṛptair vikāra-leśam apy avindan sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | yaḥ kāma-kāmī viṣaya-lipsuḥ sa tūkta-lakṣaṇāṃ śāntiṃ nāpnoti ||70||

BhG 2.71

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt vihāyeti | prāptān kāmān vihāya tyaktvopekṣya aprāpteṣu ca niḥspṛhaḥ yato nirahaṅkāro 'taeva tad-bhoga-sādhaneṣu nirmamaḥ sann antar-dṛṣṭir bhūtvā yaś carati prārabdha-vaśena bhogān bhuṅkte | yatra kutrāpi gacchati vā | sa śāntim prāpnoti ||71||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt vihāyeti | prāptān api sarvān bāhyān gṛha-kṣetrādīnāntarān manorājya-rūpān vāsanā-mātra-rūpāṃś ca pathi gacchaṃs tṛṇa-sparśa-rūpān kāmāṃs trividhān vihāyopekṣya śarīra-jīvana-mātre 'pi nispṛhaḥ san | yato nirahaṅkāra śarīrendriyādāv ayam aham ity abhimāna-śūnyaḥ | vidyāvattvādi-nimittātma-sambhāvanā-rahita iti vā | ato nirmamaḥ śarīra-yātrā-mātrārthe 'pi prārabdha-karmākṣipte kaupīnācchādanādau mamedam ity abhimāna-varjitaḥ san yaḥ pumāṃś carati prārabdha-karma-vaśena bhogān bhuṅkte yādṛcchikatayā yatra kvāpi gacchatīti vā | sa evaṃbhūtaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkhoparama-lakṣaṇām avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttim adhigacchati jñāna-balena prāpnoti | tad etad īdṛśaṃ vrajanaṃ sthita-prajñasyeti caturtha-praśnasyottaraṃ parisamāptam ||71||

viśvanāthaḥ : kaścit tu kāmeṣu aviśvasan naiva tān bhuṅkte ity āha | vihāyeti nirahaṅkāro nirmama iti deha-daihikeṣu ahaṃtā-mamatā-śūnyaḥ ||71||

baladevaḥ : vihāyeti | prāptān kāmān viṣayān sarvān vihāya śarīropajīvana-mātre 'pi nirmamo mamtā-śūnyaḥ nirahaṅkāro 'nātmani śarīre ātmābhimāna-śūnyaś carati tad-upajīvana-mātraṃ bhakṣayati yatra kvāpi gacchati vā sa śāntiṃ labhate iti vrajeta kim ity asyottaram ||71||

BhG 2.72

śrīdharaḥ : uktāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ stuvann upasaṃharati eṣeti | brāhmī sthitir brahma-jñāna-niṣṭhā | eṣaivaṃvidhā | enāṃ parameśvarārādhanena viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ pumān prāpya na vimuhyati | punaḥ saṃsāra-mohaṃ na prāpnoti | yato 'nta-kāle mṛtyu-samaye 'py asyāṃ lakṣa-mātram api sthitvā brahma-nirvāṇam brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ layam ṛcchati prāpnoti | kiṃ punar vaktavyaṃ bālyam ārabhya sthitvā prāpnotīti ||72||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmikṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ caturṇāṃ praśnānām uttara-vyājena sarvāṇi sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇāni mumukṣu-kartavyatayā kathitāni | samprati karma-yoga-phala-bhūtāṃ sāṅkhya-niṣṭhāṃ stuvann upasaṃharati eṣeti | eṣā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇa-vyājena kathitā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir iti ca prāg uktā sthitir niṣṭhā sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvaka-paramātma-jñāna-lakṣaṇā brāhmī brahma-viṣayā | he pārtha ! enāṃ sthitiṃ prāpya yaḥ kaścid api pnar na vimuhyati | na hi jñāna-bādhitasyājñānasya punaḥ sambhavo 'sti anāditvenotpatty-asambhavāt | asyāṃ sthitāv anta-kāle 'pi antye 'pi vaayasi sthitvā brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ nirvṛttiṃ brahma-rūpaṃ nirvāṇam iti vā | ṛcchati gacchaty abhedena | kim u vaktavyaṃ yo bramacaryād eva saṃnyasya yāvaj-jīvam asyāṃ brāhmyāṃ sthitāv avatiṣṭhate sa brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchatīty api-śabdārthaḥ ||72||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām sarva-gītārtha-sūtraṇaṃ nāma

viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati eṣeti | brāhmī brahma-prāpikā | anta-kāle mṛtyu-samaye 'pi | kiṃ punar ābālyam ||72||

baladevaḥ : sthita-prajñatāṃ stauti eṣeti | brāhmī brahma-prāpikā | anta-kāle carame vayasi | kiṃ punar ākaumāraṃ brahma ṛcchati labhate | nirvāṇam amṛta-rūpaṃ tat pradam ity arthaḥ | nanu tasyāṃ sthitaḥ kathaṃ brahma prāpnoti | tat-prāptes tad-bhakti-hetukatvād iti ced ucyate | tasyās tad-bhakti-hetukatvāt tad-bhakti-hetutvāc ca tat-prāpakateti ||72||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ | ||2||

[*ENDNOTE] Only found in Manu. [*ENDNOTE] This is a reference to chapter 11.25. See VCT to 18.28.

Bhagavadgita 3

BhG 3.1

śrīdharaḥ :

evaṃ tāvad aśocyān anvaśocas tvam [Gītā 2.11] ity ādinā prathamaṃ mokṣa-sādhanatvena dehātma-viveka-buddhir uktā | tad-anantaram eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu [Gītā 2.39] ity ādinā karma coktam | na ca tayor guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvaḥ spaṣṭaṃ darśitaḥ | tatra buddhi-yuktasya sthita-prajñasya niṣkāmatva-niyatendriyatva-nirahaṅkāratvādy-abhidhānād eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsam upasaṃhārāc ca buddhi-karmaṇor madhye buddheḥ śreṣṭhatvaṃ bhagavato 'bhipretaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca jyāyasī ced iti | karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt mokṣāntaraṅgatvena buddhir jyāyasī adhikatarā śreṣṭhā

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tāvat prathamenādhyāyenopodghātito dvitīyenādhyāyena kṛtsnaḥ śāstrārthaḥ sūtritaḥ | tathā hi-ādau niṣkāma-karma-niṣṭhā | tato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiḥ | tataḥ śama-damādi-sādhana-puraḥsaraḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ | tato vedānta-vākya-vicāra-sahitā bhagavad-bhakti-niṣṭhā | tatas tattva-jñāna-niṣṭhā tasyāḥ phalaṃ ca triguṇātmakāvidyā-nivṛttyā jīvan-muktiḥ prārabdha-karma-phala-bhoga-paryantaṃ tad-ante ca videha-muktiḥ | jīvan-mukti-daśāyāṃ ca parama-puruṣārthālambanena para-vairāgya-prāptir daiva-sampad-ākhyā ca śubha-vāsanā tad-upakāriṇy-ādeyā | āsura-sampadas tu rājasī tāmasī ceti heyopādeya-vibhāgena kṛtsna-śāstrārtha-parisamāptiḥ |

tatra yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi [Gītā 2.48] ityādinā sūtritā sattva-śuddhi-sādhana-bhūtā niṣkāma-karma-niṣṭhā sāmānya-viśeṣa-rūpeṇa tṛtīya-caturthābhyāṃ prapañcyate | tataḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya śama-damādi-sādhana-sampatti-puraḥsarā vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān [Gītā 2.71] ity ādinā sūtritā sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-niṣṭhā saṅkṣepa-vistara-rūpeṇa pañcama-ṣaṣṭhābhyām | etāvatā ca tvaṃ-padārtho 'pi nirūpitaḥ | tato vedānta-vākya-vicāra-sahitā yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā sūtritāneka-prakārā bhagavad-bhakti-niṣṭhādhyāya-ṣaṭkena pratipādyate | tāvatā ca tat-padārtho 'pi nirūpitaḥ | praty adhyāyaṃ cāvāntara-saṅgatim avāntara-prayojana-bhedaṃ ca tatra tatra pradarśayiṣyāmaḥ | tatas tattvaṃ-padārthaikya-jñāna-rūpā vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ [Gītā 2.21] ity ādinā sūtritā tattva-jñāna-niṣṭhā trayodaśe prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-dvārā prapañcitā | jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ ca phalaṃ traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna [Gītā 2.45] ity ādinā sūtritā traiguṇya-nivṛttiś caturdaśe saiva jīvan-muktir iti guṇātīta-lakṣaṇa-kathanena prapañcitā | tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ [Gītā 2.52] ity ādinā sūtritā para-vairāgya-niṣṭhā saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-ccheda-dvāreṇa pañca-daśe | duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ [Gītā 2.56] ity ādinā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇena sūtritā para-vairāgyopakāriṇī daivī sampad ādeyā yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ [Gītā 2.42] ity ādinā sūtritā tad-virodhiny āsurī sampac ca heyā ṣoḍaśe | daiva-sampado 'sādhāraṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ ca sāttvikī śraddhā nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho [Gītā 2.45] ity ādinā sūtritā tad-virodhi-parihāreṇa saptadaśe | evaṃ saphalā jñāna-niṣṭhādhyāya-pañcakena pratipāditā | aṣṭādaśena ca pūrvokta-sarvopasaṃhāra iti kṛtsna-gītārtha-saṅgatiḥ |

tatra pūrvādhyāye sāṅkhya-buddhim āśritya jñāna-niṣṭhā bhagavatoktā eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiḥ [Gītā 2.39] iti | tathā yoga-buddhim āśritya karma-niṣṭhoktā yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu ity ārabhya karmaṇy evādhikāras te ... mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi [Gītā 2.47] ity antena | na cānayor niṣṭhayor adhikāri-bhedaḥ spaṣṭam upadiṣṭo bhagavatā | na caikādhikārikatvam evobhayoḥ samuccayasya vivakṣitatvād iti vācyam | dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karam buddhi-yogād dhanañjaya [Gītā 2.49] iti karma-niṣṭhāyā buddhi-niṣṭhāpekṣayā nikṛṣṭatvābhidhānāt | yāvān artha udapāne [Gītā 2.46] ity atra ca jñāna-phale sarva-karma-phalāntarbhāvasya darśitatvāt | sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇam uktvā ca eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha [Gītā 2.72] iti sapraśaṃsam jñāna-phalopasaṃhārāt | yā niśā sarva-bhūtānāṃ [Gītā 2.69] ity ādau jñānino dvaita-darśanābhāvena karmānuṣṭhānāsambhavasya coktatvāt | avidyā-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇe mokṣa-phale jñāna-mātrasyaiva lokānusāreṇa sādhanatva-kalpanāt | tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nayanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śruteś ca |

nanu tarhi tejas-timirayor iva virodhinor jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavād bhinnādhikārikatvam evāstu | satyam | naivaṃ sambhavati ekam arjunaṃ prati tūbhayopadeśo na yuktaḥ | nahi karmādhikāriṇaṃ prati jñāna-niṣṭhopadeṣṭum ucitā na vā jñānādhikāriṇaṃ prati karma-niṣṭhā | ekam eva prati vikalpenobhayopadeśa iti cet, na | utkṛṣṭa-nikṛṣṭayor vikalpānupapatteḥ | avidyā-nivṛtty-upalakṣitātma-svarūpe mokṣe tāratamyāsambhavāc ca | tasmāj jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor bhinnādhikārikatve ekaṃ pratyupadeśāyogād ekādhikārikatve ca viruddhayoḥ samuccayāsambhavāt karmāpekṣayā jñāna-praśastyānupapatteś ca vikalpābhyupagame cotkṛṣṭam anāyāsa-sādhyaṃ jñānaṃ vihāya nikṛṣṭam anekāyāsa-bahulaṃ karmānuṣṭhātum ayogyam iti matvā paryākulībhūta-buddhir arjuna uvāca jyāyasī ced iti |

he janārdana ! sarvair janair ardyate yācyate svābhilaṣita-siddhaya iti tvaṃ tathābhūto mayāpi śreyo 'niścayārthaṃ yācyasa iti naivānucitam iti sambodhanābhiprāyaḥ | karmaṇo niṣkāmād api buddhir ātma-tattva-viṣayā jyāyasī praśastatarā ced yadi te tava matā tat tadā kiṃ karmaṇi ghore hiṃsādy-anekāyāsa-bahule mām atibhaktaṃ niyojayasi karmaṇy evādhikāras ta ity ādinā viśeṣeṇa prerayasi | he keśava sarveśvara | sarveśvarasya sarveṣṭa-dāyinas tava māṃ bhaktaṃ śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi mām ity ādinā tvad-eka-śaraṇatayopasannaṃ prati pratāraṇā noicitety abhiprāyaḥ ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ :

pūrva-vākyeṣu jñāna-yogān niṣkāma-karma-yogāc ca nistraiguṇya-prāpakasya guṇātīta-bhakti-yogasya utkarṣam ākalayya tatraiva svautsukyam abhivyañjan sva-dharme saṃgrāme pravartakaṃ bhagavantaṃ sakhya-bhāvenopālabhate | jyāyasī śreṣṭhā buddhir vyavasāyātmikā guṇātītā bhaktir ity arthaḥ | ghore yuddha-rūpe karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi pravartayasi | he janārdana janān svajanān svājñayā pīḍayasīty arthaḥ | na ca tavājñā kenāpi anyathā kartuṃ śakyata ity āha | he keśava ko brahmā īśo mahādevaḥ | tāv api vayase vaśīkaroṣi ||1||

baladevaḥ :

pūrvatra kṛpāluḥ pārthasārathir ajñāna-kardama-nimagnaṃ jagat svātma-jñānopāsanopadeśena samuddidhīrṣus tad-aṅga-bhūtāṃ jīvātma-yāthātmya-buddhim upadiśya tad-upāyatayā niṣkāmakam abuddhim upadiṣṭavān | ayam evārtho viniścayāya caturbhir adhyāyair vidhāntarair varṇyate | tatra karma-buddhi-niṣpādyatvāj jīvātma-buddheḥ śreṣṭhaṃ sthitam | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati jyāyasīti | karmaṇā niṣkāmād api cet tava tat-sādhyatvāt jīvātma-buddhir jyāyasī śreṣṭhā matā | tarhi tat-siddhaye māṃ ghore hiṃsādy-anekāyāse karmaṇi kiṃ niyojayasi tasmād yuddhasvety ādinā kathaṃ prerayasi | ātmānubhava-hetu-bhūtā khalu sā buddhir nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-virati-sādhyā tad-arthaṃ tat-svajātīyāḥ śamādaya eva yujyeran na tu sarvendriya-vyāpāra-rūpāṇi tad-vijātīyāni karmāṇīti bhāvaḥ | he janārdana śreyo 'rthi-jana-yācanīya, he keśava vidhi-rudra-vaśa-kārin |

iti hari-vaṃśe kṛṣṇaṃ prati rudroktiḥ | durlaṅghyājñas tvaṃ śreyo 'rthinā mayābhyarthito mama śreyo niścitya brūhīti bhāvaḥ ||1||

BhG 3.2

śrīdharaḥ : nanu dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyata ity ādinā karmaṇo 'pi śreṣṭhatvm uktam eva ity āśaṅkyāha vyāmiśreṇeti | kvacit karma-praśaṃsā kvacit jñāna-praśaṃsā ity evaṃ vyāmiśraṃ sandeho 'pādakam iva yad vākyaṃ tena me mama buddhiṃ matim ubhayatra dolāyitāṃ kurvan mohayasīva | ata ubhayor madhye yad bhadraṃ tad ekaṃ niścitya vadeti | yad vā, idam eva śreyaḥ-sādhanam iti niścitya yenānuṣṭhitena śreyo mokṣam aham āpnuyāṃ prāpsyāmi tad evaikaṃ niścitya vadety arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu nāhaṃ kaṃcid api pratārayāmi kiṃ punas tvām atipriyam | tvaṃ tu kiṃ me pratāraṇā-cihnaṃ paśyasīti cet tatrāha vyāmiśreṇeti | tava vacanaṃ vyāmiśraṃ na bhavaty eva mama tv ekādhikārikatva-bhinnādhikārikatva-sandehād vyāmiśraṃ saṅkīrṇārtham iva te yad vākyaṃ māṃ prati jñāna-karma-niṣṭhā-dvaya-pratipādakaṃ tvaṃ me mama manda-buddher vākya-tātparyāparijñānād buddhim antaḥkaraṇaṃ mohayasīva bhrāntyā yojayasīva | parama-kāruṇikatvāt tvaṃ na mohayasy eva mama tu svāśaya-doṣān moho bhavatītīvaśa-śabdārthaḥ | ekādhikāritve viruddhayoḥ samuccayānupapatter ekārthatvābhāvena ca vikalpānupapatteḥ prāg-ukter yady adhikāri-bhedaṃ manyase tadaikaṃ māṃ prati viruddhayor niṣṭhayor upadeśaāyogāt taj jñānaṃ vā karma vaikam evādhikāraṃ me niścitya vada | yenādhikāra-niścaya-puraḥsaram uktena tvayā mayā cānuṣṭhitena jñānena karmaṇā vaikena śreyo mokṣam aham āpnuyāṃ prāptuṃ yogyaḥ syām |

evaṃ jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor ekādhikāritve vikalpa-samuccayayor asambhavād adhikāri-bheda-jñānāyārjunasya praśna iti sthitam |

viśvanāthaḥ : bho vayasya arjuna ! satyaṃ guṇātītā bhaktiḥ sarvotkṛṣṭaiva | kintu sā yādṛcchika-mad-aikāntaika-mahā-bhakta-kṛpaika-labhyatvāt purusodyama-sādhyā na bhavati | ataeva nistraiguṇyo bhava guṇātītayā mad-bhaktyā tvaṃ nistraiguṇyo bhūyā ity āśīrvāda eva dattaḥ | sa ca yadā phaliṣyati tadā tādṛśa-yādṛcchikaikāntika-bhakta-kṛpayā prāptām api lapsyase | sāmprataṃ tu karmaṇy evādhikāras te iti mayoktaṃ cet, satyam | tarhi karmaiva niścitya kathaṃ na brūṣe | kim iti sandeha-sindhau māṃ kṣipasīty āha vyāmiśreṇeti | viśeṣataḥ ā samyaktayā miśraṇaṃ nānā-vidhārtha-milanaṃ yatra tena vākyena me buddhiṃ mohayasi | tathā hi karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47], siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate [Gītā 2.48],

iti yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ jñānam api bravīṣi | yadā te moha-kalilaṃ [Gītā 2.52] ity anena jñānaṃ kevalam api bravīṣi | kiṃ cātra iva-śabdena tvad-vākyasya vastuto nāsti nānārtha-miśritatvam | nāpi kṛpālos tava man-mohanecchā | nāpi mama tat-tad-arthānabhijñatvam iti bhāvaḥ | ayaṃ gūḍho 'bhiprāyaḥ rājasāt karmaṇaḥ sakāśāt sāttvikaṃ karma śreṣṭhaṃ, tac ca sāttvikam eva | nirguṇa-bhaktiś ca tasmādn atiśreṣṭhaiva | tatra sā yadi mayi na sambhaved iti brūṣe, tadā sāttvikaṃ jñānam evaikaṃ mām upadiśa | tata eva duḥkha-mayāt saṃsāra-bandhanān mukto bhaveyam iti ||2||

baladevaḥ : vyāmiśreṇeti | sāṅkhya-buddhi-yoga-buddhyor indriya-nivṛtti-rūpayoḥ sādhya-sādhakatvāvarodhi yad vākyaṃ tad vyāmiśram ucyate | tena me buddhiṃ mohayasīva | vastutas tu sarveśvarasya mat-sakhasya ca me man-mohakatā nāsty eva | mad-buddhi-doṣād evaṃ prayemy aham atīvaśabdārthaḥ | tat tasmād ekam avyāmiśraṃ vākyaṃ vada | na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaikenāmṛtatvam ānaśur nāsty akṛtaḥ kṛtena iti śrutivat | yenāham anuṣṭheyaṃ niścityātmanaḥ śreyaḥ prāpnuyām ||2||

BhG 3.3

śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | ayam arthaḥ | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣaṃ mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-jñāna-yoga-rūpaṃ niṣṭhā-dvayam uktaṃ syāt tarhi dvayor madhye yad bhadraṃ syāt tad ekaṃ vada iti tvadīya-praśnaḥ saṃgacchate | na tu mayā tathoktam | dvābhyām ekaiva brahma-niṣṭhā uktā | guṇa-pradhāna-bhūtayos tayoḥ svātantryānupapatteḥ ekasyā eva tu prakāra-bheda-mātram adhikāri-bhedenoktam iti | asmin śuddhāśuddhāntaḥ karaṇatayā dvividhe loke adhikāri-jane dve vidhe prakārau yasyāḥ sā | dvi-vidhā niṣṭhā mokṣa-paratā pūrvādhyāye mayā sārvajñena proktā spaṣṭam evoktā | prakāra-dvayam eva nirdiśati jñāna-yogenety ādi | sāṅkhyānāṃ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ jñāna-bhūmikām ārūḍhānāṃ jñāna-paripākārthaṃ jñāna-yogena dhyānādinā niṣṭhā brahma-paratoktā | tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-para ity ādinā | sāṅkhya-bhūmikām ārurukṣūṇāṃ tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvārā tad-ārohaṇārthaṃ tad-upāya-bhūta-karma-yogādhikāriṇāṃ yogināṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhoktā dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyata ity ādinā | ataeva tava citta-śuddhi-rūpāvasthā-bhedena dvi-vidhāpi niṣṭhoktā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇv iti ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam adhikāri-bhede 'rjunena pṛṣṭe tad-anurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | asminn adhikāritvābhimate loke śuddhāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇa-bhedena dvividhe jane dvividhā dviprakārā niṣṭhā sthitar jñāna-paratā karma-paratā ca purā pūrvādhyāye mayā tavātyanta-hita-kāriṇā proktā prakarṣeṇa spaṣṭatva-lakṣaṇenoktā | tathā cādhikāry-aikya-śaṅkayā mā glāsīr iti bhāvaḥ | he 'naghāpāpeti sambodhayann upadeśayogyatām arjunasya sūcayati | ekaiva niṣṭhā sādhya-sādhanāvasthā-bhedena dvi-prakārā na tu dve eva svatantre niṣṭhe iti kathayituṃ niṣṭhety eka-vacanam | tathā ca vakṣyati - ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati [Gītā 5.5] iti |

tām eva niṣṭhāṃ dvaividhyena darśayati sāṅkhyeti | saṅkhyā samyag-ātma-buddhis tāṃ prāptavatāṃ brahmacaryād eva kṛta-saṃnyāsānāṃ vedānta-vijñāna-suniścitārthānāṃ jñāna-bhūmim ārūḍhānāṃ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ sāṅkhyānāṃ jñāna-yogena jñānam eva yujyate brahmaṇāneneti vyutpattyā yogas tena niṣṭhoktā tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | aśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ tu jñāna-bhūmim anārūḍhānāṃ yogināṃ karmādhikāra-yogināṃ karma-yogena karmaiva yujyate 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhyāneneti vyutpattyā yogas tena niṣṭhoktāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñāna-bhūmikārohaṇārthaṃ dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā |

ataeva na jñāna-karmaṇoḥ samuccayo vikalpo vā | kintu niṣkāma-karmaṇā śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānam iti citta-śuddhy-aśuddhi-rūpāvasthā-bhedenaikam eva tvāṃ prati dvividhā niṣṭhoktā | eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu [Gītā 2.39] iti | ato bhūmikā-bhedenaikam eva praty ubhayopayogān nādhikāra-bhede 'py upadeśa-vaiyarthyam ity abhiprāyaḥ | etad eva darśayitum aśuddha-cittasya citta-śuddhi-paryantaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ na karmaṇām anārambhāt [Gītā 3.4] ity ādibhir moghaṃ prātha sa jīvati [Gītā 3.16] ity antais trayodaśabhir darśayati | śuddha-cittasya tu jñānino na kiṃcid api karmāpekṣitam iti darśayati yas tv ātma-ratir [Gītā 3.17] iti dvābhyām | tasmād asaktaḥ ity ārabhya tu bandha-hetor api karmaeo mokṣa-hetutvaṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa sambhavati phalābhisandhi-rāhitya-rūpa-kauśaleneti darśayiṣyati | tataḥ paraṃ tv atha keneti praśnam utthāpya kāma-doṣeṇaiva kārya-karmaṇaḥ śuddhi-hetutvaṃ nāsti | ataḥ kāma-rāhityenaiva karmāṇi kurvann antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhyā jñānādhikārī bhaviṣyasīti yāvad-adhyāya-samāpti vadiṣyati bhagavān ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : atrottaram | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣāv eva mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-yoga-jñāna-yogāv uktau syātām | tadā tad ekaṃ vada niścityeti tvat-praśno ghaṭate | mayā tu karmānuṣṭhā-jñāna-niṣṭhāvattvena yad dvaividhyam uktam, tat khalu pūrvottara-daśā-bhedād eva, na tu vastuto mokṣaṃ praty adhikāri-dvaidham ity āha loke iti dvābhyām | dvividhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā nitarāṃ sthiti-maryādety arthaḥ | purā proktā pūrvādhyāye kathitā | tām evāha sāṅkhyānāṃ sāṅkhaṃ jñānaṃ tad-vatām | teṣāṃ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhirūḍhānāṃ jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhā tenaiva maryādā sthāpitā | atra loke tu jñānitvenaiva khyāpitā ity arthaḥ - tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | tathā śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvābhāvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhiroḍhum asamarthānāṃ yogināṃ tad-ārohaṇārtham upāyavatāṃ karma-yogena mad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmaṇā niṣṭhā maryādā sthāpitā | te khalu karmitvenaiva khyāpitety arthaḥ - dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā | tena karmiṇaḥ jñāninaḥ iti nāma-mātreṇaiva dvaividhyam | vastgutas tu karmiṇa eva karmibhiḥ śuddha-cittā jñānino bhavanti | jñānina eva bhaktyā mucyanta iti mad-vākya-samudāyārtha iti bhāvaḥ ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : atrottaram | yadi mayā paraspara-nirapekṣāv eva mokṣa-sādhanatvena karma-yoga-jñāna-yogāv uktau syātām | tadā tad ekaṃ vada niścityeti tvat-praśno ghaṭate | mayā tu karmānuṣṭhā-jñāna-niṣṭhāvattvena yad dvaividhyam uktam, tat khalu pūrvottara-daśā-bhedād eva, na tu vastuto mokṣaṃ praty adhikāri-dvaidham ity āha loke iti dvābhyām | dvividhā dvi-prakārā niṣṭhā nitarāṃ sthiti-maryādety arthaḥ | purā proktā pūrvādhyāye kathitā | tām evāha sāṅkhyānāṃ sāṅkhaṃ jñānaṃ tad-vatām | teṣāṃ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhirūḍhānāṃ jñāna-yogenaiva niṣṭhā tenaiva maryādā sthāpitā | atra loke tu jñānitvenaiva khyāpitā ity arthaḥ - tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61] ity ādinā | tathā śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvābhāvena jñāna-bhūmikām adhiroḍhum asamarthānāṃ yogināṃ tad-ārohaṇārtham upāyavatāṃ karma-yogena mad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmaṇā niṣṭhā maryādā sthāpitā | te khalu karmitvenaiva khyāpitety arthaḥ - dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate [Gītā 2.31] ity ādinā | tena karmiṇaḥ jñāninaḥ iti nāma-mātreṇaiva dvaividhyam | vastgutas tu karmiṇa eva karmibhiḥ śuddha-cittā jñānino bhavanti | jñānina eva bhaktyā mucyanta iti mad-vākya-samudāyārtha iti bhāvaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca loke 'sminn iti | he anagha nirmala-buddhe pārtha jyāyasī ced iti karma-buddhi-sāṅkhya-buddhyor guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvaṃ jānann api tamas-tejasor iva viruddhayos tayoḥ katham ekādhikāritvam iti śaṅkayā preritaḥ pṛcchasīti bhāvaḥ | asmin mumukṣutayābhimate śuddhāśuddha-cittatayā dvividhe loke jane dvividhā niṣṭhā sthitir mayā sarveśvareṇa purā pūrvādhyāye proktā | niṣṭhety eka-vacanena ekātmoddeśyatvād ekaiva niṣṭhā sādhya-sādhana-daśā-dvaya-bhedena dvi-prakārā na tu dve niṣṭhe iti sūcyate | evam evāgre vakṣyati ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca [Gītā 5.5] iti | tāṃ niṣṭhāṃ dvaividhyena darśayati jñāneti | sāṅkhya-jñāna arha ādyac | tad-vatāṃ jñānināṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhā-sthitir uktā prajahāti yadā kāmān [Gītā 2.55] ity ādinā | jñānam eva yogo yujyate ātmanāneneti-vyutpatteḥ | yogināṃ niṣkāma-karmavatāṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhā sthitir uktā karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] ity ādinā | karmaiva yogo yujyate jñāna-garbhayā citta-śuddhayāneneti vyutpatteḥ | etad uktaṃ bhavati - na khalu mumukṣur janas tadaiva śamādy-aṅgikāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ labhate | kintu sācāreṇa karma-yogena citta-mālinyaṃ nirdhūyaivety etad eva mayā prāg abhāṇi eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṅkhye [Gītā 2.39] ity ādinā |

BhG 3.4

śrīdharaḥ : ataḥ samyak-citta-śuddhyā jñānotpatti-paryantaṃ varṇāśramocitāni karmāṇi kartavyāni | anyathā citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñānānutpatter ity āha na karmaṇām iti | karmaṇām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānān naiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaṃ nāśnute na prāpnoti | nanu caitam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajantīti śrutyā saṃnyāsasya mokṣād aṅgatva-śruteḥ saṃnyasanād eva mokṣo bhaviṣyati | kiṃ karmabhiḥ ? ity āśaṅkyoktaṃ na ceti | citta-śuddhiṃ vinā kṛtāt saṃnyasanād eva jñāna-śūnyāt siddhiṃ mokṣaṃ na samadhigacchati na prāpnoti ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra kāraṇābhāve kāryānupapatter āha na karmaṇām iti | karmaṇā tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śrutyātma-jñāne viniyuktānām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānāc citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñānāyogyo bahirmukhaḥ puruṣo naiṣkarmyaṃ sarva-karma-śūnyatvaṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhām iti yāvat nāśnute na prāpnoti |

nanu etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti iti śruteḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsād eva jñāna-niṣṭhopapatteḥ kṛtaṃ karmabhir ity ata āha na ca saṃnyasanād eva citta-śuddhiṃ vinā kṛtāt siddhiṃ jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇāṃ samyak-phala-paryavasāyitvenādhigacchati naiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ | karma-janyāṃ citta-śuddhim antareṇa saṃnyāsa eva na sambhavati | yathā-kathaṃcid autsukya-mātreṇa kṛto 'pi na phala-paryavasāyīti bhāvaḥ ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : citta-śuddhy-abhāve jñānānutpattim āha neti | śāstrīya-karmaṇām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānān naiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaṃ na prāpnoti na cāśuddha-cittaḥ | saṃnyasanāc chāstrīya-karma-tyāgāt ||4||

baladevaḥ : ato 'śuddha-cittena citta-śuddheḥ sva-vihitāni karmāṇy evānuṣṭheyānīty āha na karmaṇām ity ādibhis trayodaśabhiḥ | karmaṇāṃ tam etam iti vākyena jñānāṅgatayā vihitānām anārambhād ananuṣṭhānād aviśuddha-cittaḥ puruṣo naiṣkarmyaṃ nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-rūpa-karma-viratiṃ jñāna-niṣṭhām iti yāvat nāśnute na labhate | na ca sa teṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ saṃnyāsāt parityāgāt siddhiṃ muktiṃ samadhigacchati ||4||

BhG 3.5

śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇāṃ ca saṃnyāsas teṣv anāsakti-mātram | na tu svarūpeṇa | aśakyatvād iti | āha na hi kaścid iti | jātu kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyāṃ kṣaṇa-mātram api kaścid api jñāny-ajñāno vā akarma-kṛt karmāṇy akurvāṇo na tiṣṭhati | atra hetuḥ -- prakṛtijair svabhāva-prabhavai rāga-dveṣādibhir guṇaiḥ sarvo 'pi janaḥ karma kāryate | karmaṇi pravartyate | avaśo 'svatantraḥ san ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra karma-janya-śuddhy-abhāve bahirmukhaḥ | hi yasmāt kṣaṇam api kālaṃ jātu kadācit kaścid apy ajitendriyo 'karma-kṛt san na tiṣṭhati | api tu laukika-vaidikakarmānuṣṭhāna-vyagra eva tiṣṭhati tasmād aśuddha-cittasya saṃnyāso na sambhavatīty arthaḥ |

kasmāt punar avidvān karmāṇy akurvāṇo na tiṣṭhati | hi yasmāt | sarvaḥ prāṇī citta-śuddhi-rahito 'vaśo 'svatantra eva san prakṛtijaiḥ prakṛtito jātair abhivyaktaiḥ kāryākāreṇa sattva-rajas-tamobhiḥ svabhāva-prabhavair vā rāga-dveṣādibhir guṇaiḥ karma laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā kāryate | ataḥ karmāṇy akurvāṇo na kaścid api tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ | yataḥ svābhāvikā guṇāś cālakā ataḥ para-vaśatayā sarvadā karmāṇi kurvato 'śuddha-buddheḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāso na sambhavatīti na saṃnyāsa-nibandhanā jñāna-niṣṭhā sambhavatīty arthaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : kintv aśuddha-cittaḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsaḥ śāstrīyaṃ karma parityajya vyavahārike karmaṇi nimajjatīty āha na hīti | nanu saṃnyāsa eva tasya vaidika-laukika-karma-pravṛttir-virodhī ? tatrāha kāryata iti | avaśo 'svatantraḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : aviśuddha-cittaḥ kṛta-vaidika-karma-saṃnyāso laukike 'pi karmaṇi nimajjatīty āha nahīti | nanu saṃnyāsa eva tasya sarva-karma-virodhīti cet tatrāha kāryata iti | prakṛtijaiḥ svabhāvodbhavair guṇai rāga-dveṣādibhiḥ, kāryate pravartyate avaśaḥ parādhīnaḥ syāt ||5||

BhG 3.6

śrīdharaḥ : ato 'jñaṃ karma-tyāginaṃ nindati karmendriyāṇīti | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni karmendriyāṇi | saṃyamya bhagavad-dhyāna-cchalena indriyārthān viṣayān smarann āste aviśuddhatayā manasā ātmani sthairyābhāvāt, sa mithyācāraḥ kapaṭācāro dāmbhika ucyata ity arthaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : yathā-kathaṃcid autsukya-mātreṇa kṛta-saṃnyāsas tv aśuddha-cittas tat-phala-bhāṅ na bhavati yataḥ | yo vimūḍhātmā rāga-dveṣādi-dūṣitāntaḥ-karaṇa autsukya-mātreṇa karmendriyāṇi vāk-pāṇy-ādīni saṃyamya nigṛhya bahir-indriyaiḥ karmāṇy akurvann iti yāvat | manasā rāgādi-preritendriyārthān śabdādīn na tv ātma-tattvaṃ smarann āste kṛta-saṃnyāso 'ham ity abhimānena karma-śūnyas tiṣṭhati sa mithyācāraḥ sattva-śuddhy-abhāvena phalāyogyatvāt pāpācāra ucyate |

ity ādi-dharma-śāstreṇa | ata upapannaṃ na ca saṃnyasanād evāśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ siddhiṃ samadhigacchatīti ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tādṛśo 'pi sannyāsī kaścit | kaścid indriya-vyāpāra-śūnyo mudritākṣo dṛśyate ? tatrāha karmendriyāṇi, vāk-pāṇy-ādīni nigṛhya yo manasā dhyāna-cchalena viṣayān smarann āste, sa mithyācāro dāmbhikaḥ ||6||

baladevaḥ : nanu rāga-divyāpāra-śūnyo mudrita-śrotrādiḥ kaścit kaścid yadi dṛśyate tatrāha karmendriyāṇīti | yo yatiḥ karmendriyāṇi vāg-ādīni saṃyamya manasā dhyāna-chadmanā indriyārthān śabda-sparśādīn smarann āste sa vimūḍhātmā mūrkho mithyācāraḥ kathyate | sa ca niruddha-rāgāder ajñasya niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānena manaḥ-śuddher anudayāt śrotrādy-aprasāre 'py aśuddhatvān manasā tad-viṣayāṇāṃ sma raṇāj jñānāyodyatasyāpi tasya jñāna-lābhāt mithyācāro vyartha-vāg-ādi-niyama-kriyo dāmbhika ity arthaḥ ||6||

BhG 3.7

yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna

śrīdharaḥ : etad-viparītaḥ karma-kartā tu śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv indriyāṇīti | yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamya īśvara-parāṇi kṛtvā karmendriyaiḥ karma-rūpaṃ yogam upāyam ārabhate 'nutiṣṭhati | asaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-rahitaḥ san | sa viśiṣyate viśiṣṭo bhavati citta-śuddhyā jñānavān bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : autsukya-mātreṇa sarva-karmāṇy asaṃnyasya citta-śuddhaye niṣkāma-karmāṇy eva yathā-śāstraṃ kuryāt | tasmāt yas tv iti | tu-śabdo 'śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇa-saṃnyāsi-vyatirekārthaḥ | indriyāṇi jñānendriyāei śrotrādīni manasā saha niyamya pāpa-hetu-śabdādi-viṣayāsakter nivartya manasā viveka-yuktena niyamyeti vā | karmendriyair vāk-pāṇy-ādibhiḥ karma-yogaṃ śuddhi-hetutayā vihitaṃ karmārabhate karoty asaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyaḥ san yo vivekī sa itarasmān mithyācārād viśiṣyate | pariśrama-sāmye 'pi phalātiśaya-bhāktvena śreṣṭho bhavati | he 'rjunāścaryam idaṃ paśya yad ekaḥ karmendriyāṇi nigṛhṇan jñānendriyāṇi vyāpārayan puruṣārtha-śūnyo

viśvanāthaḥ : etad-viparītaḥ śāstrīya-karma-kartā gṛhasthas tu śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv iti | karma-yogaṃ śāstra-vihitam | asakto 'phalākāṅkṣī viśiṣyate | asambhāvita-prasāditvena jñāna-niṣṭhād api puruṣād viśiṣṭaḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : etad-vaiparītyena sva-vihita-karma-kartā gṛhastho 'pi śreṣṭha ity āha yas tv iti | ātmānubhava-pravṛttena manasendriyāṇi śrotrādīni niyamyāsaktaḥ phalābhilāṣa-śūnyaḥ san yaḥ karmendriyaiḥ karma-rūpaṃ yogam upāyam ārabhate 'nutiṣṭhati sa viśiṣyate | sambhāvyamāna-jñānatvāt pūrvataḥ śreṣṭho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||

BhG 3.8

śrīdharaḥ : niyatam iti | yasmād evaṃ tasmān niyataṃ nityaṃ karma sandhyopāsanādi kuru | hi yasmāt | sarva-karmaṇo 'karaṇāt sakāśāt karma-karaṇaṃ jyāyo 'dhikataram | anyathākarmaṇaḥ sarva-karma-śūnyasya tava śarīra-yātrā śarīra-nirvāho 'pi na prasidhyen na bhavet ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmān manasā jñānendriyāṇi nigṛhya karmendriyais tvaṃ prāg ananuṣṭhita-śuddhi-hetu-karmā niyataṃ vidhy-uddeśe phala-sambandha-śūnyatayā niyata-nimittena vihitaṃ karma śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca nityam iti prasiddhaṃ kuru | kurv iti madhyama-puruṣa-prayogeṇaiva tvam iti labdhe tvam iti padam arthāntare saṃkramitam |

kasmād aśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇena karmaiva kartavyaṃ hi yasmād akarmaṇo 'karaṇāt karmaiva jyāyaḥ praśasyataram | na kevalaṃ karmābhāve tavāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhir eva na sidhyet | kintu akarmaṇo yuddhādi-karma-rahitasya te tava śarīra-yātrā śarīra-sthitir api na prakarṣeṇa kṣātra-vṛtti-kṛtatva-lakṣaṇena sidhyet | tathā ca prāg uktam | api cety antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-samuccayārthaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tvaṃ niyataṃ nityaṃ sandhyopāsanādi# akarmaṇaḥ karma-sannyāsāt sakāśāj jyāyaḥ śreṣṭham | sannyāsa-sarva-karmaṇas tava śarīra-nirvāho 'pi na sidhyet ||8||

baladevaḥ : niyatam iti tasmāt tvam aviśuddha-citto niyatam āvaśyaka-karam kuru citta-viśuddhaye niṣkāmatayā sva-vihitaṃ karmācarety arthaḥ | akarmaṇam autsukya-mātreṇa sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-sakāśāt karmaiva jyāyaḥ praśastataraṃ krama-sopāna-nyāyena jñānotpādakatvāt | autsukya-mātreṇa karma tyajator maline hṛdi jñāna-prakāśāt | kiṃ cākarmaṇaḥ saṃnyasta-sarva-karmaṇas tava śarīra-yātrā deha-nirvāho 'pi na sidhyet | yāvat sādhana-pūrti-deha-dhāraṇasyāvaśyakatvāt tad-arthaṃ jñānī bhikṣāṭanādi-karmānutiṣṭhati | tac ca kṣatriyasya tavānucitam | tasmāt sva-vihitena yuddha-prajā-pālanādi-karmaṇā śulkāni vittāny upārjya tair nirvyūha-deha-yātraḥ svātmānam anusandhehīti ||8||

BhG 3.9

śrīdharaḥ : sāṅkhyās tu sarvam api karma-bandhaktavān na kāryam ity āhuḥ | tannirākurvann āha yajñārthād iti | yajño 'tra viṣṇuḥ | yajño vai viṣṇur iti śruteḥ | tad-ārādhanārthāt karmaṇo |nyatra tad ekaṃ loko 'yaṃ karma-bandhanaḥ karmabhir vadhyate | na tu īśvarārādhanārthena karmaṇā | atas tad-arthaṃ viṣṇu-prīty-arthaṃ mukta-saṅgo niṣkāmaḥ san karma samyag ācara ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ [Mbh 12.241.7] iti smṛteḥ sarvaṃ karma bandhātmakatvān mumukṣuṇā na kartavyam iti matvā tasyottaram āha yajñārthād iti | yajñaḥ parameśvaraḥ yajño vai viṣṇur [TaittS 1.7.4] iti śruteḥ | tad-ārādhanārthaṃ yat kriyate karma tad-yajñārthaṃ tasmāt karmaṇo 'nyatra karmaṇi pravṛtto 'yaṃ lokaḥ karmādhikārī karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyate na tv īśvarārādhnārthena | atas tad-arthaṃ yajñārthaṃ karma he kaunteya ! tvaṃ karmaṇy adhikṛto mukta-saṅgaḥ san samācara samyak-śraddhādi-puraḥsaram ācara ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhi karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ iti smṛteḥ | karmaṇi kṛte bandhaḥ syād iti cen na | parameśvarārpitaṃ karma na bandhakam ity āha yajñārthād iti | viṣṇv-arpito niṣkāmo dharma eva yajña ucyate | yad-arthaṃ yat karma tato 'nyatraivāyaṃ lokaḥ karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyamāno bhavati | tasmāt tvaṃ tad-arthaṃ tādṛśa-dharma-siddhy-arthaṃ karma samācara |

nanu viṣṇv-arpito 'pi dharmaḥ kāmanām uddiśya kṛtaś ced bandhako bhavaty evety āha mukta-saṅgaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-rahitaḥ | evam evoddhavaṃ praty api śrī-bhagavatoktam -

asmin loke vartamānaḥ sva-dharma-stho 'naghaḥ śuciḥ | jñānaṃ viśuddham āpnoti mad-bhaktiṃ vā yadṛcchayā || [BhP 11.20.10-1] iti ||9||

baladevaḥ : nanu karmaṇi kṛte bandho bhavet | karmaṇā badhyate jantur ity ādi-smaraṇāc ceti tatrāha yajñārthād iti | yajñaḥ parameśvaraḥ yajño vai viṣṇur iti śruteḥ | tad-arthāt tat-toṣa-phalāt karmaṇo 'nyatra svasukha-phalaka-karmaṇi kriyamāṇe 'yaṃ lokaḥ prāṇī karma-bandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyate | tasmāt tad-arthaṃ viṣṇu-toṣārthaṃ karma samācara | he kaunteya mukta-saṅgas tyakta-sukhābhilāṣaḥ san nyāyopārjita-dravya-siddhena yajñādinā viṣṇur ārādhya tac-cheṣeṇa deha-yātrāṃ kurvan na badhyata ity arthaḥ ||9||

BhG 3.10

śrīdharaḥ : prajāpati-vacanād api karma-kartaiva śreṣṭha ity āha sahayajñā iti | yañena saha vartanta iti sahayajñāḥ yajñādhikṛtā brāhmaṇādi-prajāḥ purā sargādau sṛṣṭvā idam uvāca brahmā anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo hi vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarābhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān dogdhīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado 'stu ity arthaḥ | atra ca yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham | kāmya-karma-praśaṃsā tu prakaraṇe 'saṅgatāpi sāmānyato 'karmaṇaḥ karma śreṣṭham ity etad artham ity adoṣaḥ ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : prajāpati-vacanād apy adhikṛtena karma kartavyam ity āha sahayajñā ity-ādi-caturbhiḥ | saha yajñena vihita-karma-kalāpena vartanta iti sahayajñā samādhikṛtā iti yāvat | vopasarjanasya [Pāṇ 6.3.82] iti pakṣe sādeśābhāvaḥ | prajās trīn varṇān purā kalpādau sṛṣṭvovāca prajānāṃ patiḥ sraṣṭā | kim uvācety āha -- anena yajñena svāśramocita-dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvam prasūyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ | uttarottarām abhivṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | katham anena vṛddhiḥ syād ity āha eṣa yajñākhyo dharmo vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk | iṣṭān abhimatān kāmān kāmyāni phalāni dogdhi prāpayatīti tathā | abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado 'stv ity arthaḥ |

atra yadyapi yajña-grahaṇam āvaśyaka-karmopalakṣaṇārtham akaraṇe pratyavāyasyāgre kathanāt | kāmya-karmaṇāṃ ca prakṛte prastāvo nāsty eva mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr ity anena nirākṛtatvāt | tathāi nitya-karmaṇām ānuṣaṅgika-phala-sadbhāvāt | eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk ity upapadyate | tathā ca āpastambaḥ smarati tad yathāmre phalārthe nimitte chāyā-gandhāv anūtpadyete evaṃ dharmaṃ caryamāṇam arthā anūtpadyante no ced anūtpadyante na dharma-hānir bhavati iti | phala-sad-bhāve 'pi tad-abhisandhy-anabhisandhibhyāṃ kāmya-nityayor viśeṣaḥ | anabhisaṃhitasyāpi vastu-svabhāvād utpattau na viśeṣaḥ | vistareṇa cāgre pratipādayiṣyate ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evāśuddha-cittau niṣkāmaṃ karmaiva kuryān na tu sannyāsam ity uktam | idānīṃ yadi ca niṣkāmo 'pi bhavituṃ na śaknuyāt tadā sakāmam api dharmaṃ viṣṇv-arpitaṃ kuryān na tu karma-tyāgam ity āha saheti saptabhiḥ | yajñena sahitāḥ saha-yajñāḥ vopasarjanasya iti sahasyādeśābhāvaḥ | purā viṣṇv-arpita-dharma-kāriṇīḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā brahmovāca anena dharmeṇa prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhir uttarottaram ativṛddhiṃ labhadhvam ity arthaḥ | tāsāṃ sa-kāmatvam abhilakṣyāha eṣa yajño va iṣṭa-kāma-dhug-abhīṣṭa-bhoga-prado

baladevaḥ : ayajñeśeṣeṇa deha-yātrāṃ kurvato doṣam āha saheti | prajāpatiḥ sarveśvaro viṣṇuḥ patiṃ viśvasyātmeśvaram ity ādi-śruteḥ | brahma prajānāṃ patir acyuto 'sāv ity ādi-smaraṇāc ca | purā ādi-sarge saha-yajñā yajñaiḥ sahitā deva-mānavādi-rūpāḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā nāma-rūpa-vibhāga-śūnyāḥ prakṛti-śaktike svasmin vilīnāḥ puruṣārthāyogyās tās tat-sampādaka-nāma-rūpa-bhājo vidhāya yajñaṃ tan-nirūpakaṃ vedaṃ ca prakāśyety arthaḥ | tāḥ pratīdam uvāca kāruṇikaḥ | anena vedoktena mad-arpitena yajñena yūyaṃ prasaviṣyadhvam | prasavo vṛddhiḥ sva-vṛddhiṃ bhajadhvam ity arthaḥ | eṣa mad-arpito yajño vo yuṣmākam iṣṭa-kāma-dhuk hṛd-viśuddhy-ātma-jñāna-deha-yātrā-sampādana-dvārā vāñchita-mokṣa-prado 'stu ||10||

BhG 3.11

śrīdharaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-dogdhā yajño bhaved iti ? tatrāha devān iti | anena yajñena devān bhāvayata | havir bhāgaiḥ saṃvardhayata te ca devā vo yuṣmān saṃvardhayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinā annotpatti-dvāreṇa | evam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devāś ca yūyaṃ ca parasparaṃ śreyo 'bhīṣṇam artham avāpsyatha prāpsyatha ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-dogdhṛtvaṃ yajñasyeti tad āha devān iti | anena yajñena yūyaṃ yajamānā devān indrādīn bhāvayata havir-bhogaiḥ saṃvardhayata tarpayatety arthaḥ | te devā yuṣmābhir bhāvitāḥ santo vo yuṣmān bhāvayantu vṛṣṭy-ādinānnotpatti-dvāreṇa saṃvardhayantu | evam anyonyaṃ saṃvardhayanto devāś ca yūyaṃ ca varaṃ śreyo 'bhimatam arthaṃ prāpsyatha devās tṛptiṃ prāpsyanti yūyaṃ ca svargākhyaṃ paraṃ śreyaḥ prāpsyathety arthaḥ ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : katham iṣṭa-kāma-prado yajño bhavet tatrāha devān iti | anena yajñena devān bhāvayata | bhāvavataḥ kuruta | bhāvaḥ prītis tad-yuktān kuruta prīṇayan ity arthaḥ | te devā api vaḥ prīṇayatu ||11||

baladevaḥ : idaṃ ca prajāḥ prayuktāḥ anena yajñena mad-aṅga-bhūtā-nindādīn bhāvayata tat-tad-dhavir-dānena prītān yūyaṃ kuruta | te devā vo yuṣmāṃs tad-vara-dānena bhāvayantu prītān kurvantu | itthaṃ śuddhāhāreṇa mitho bhāvatās te yūyaṃ paraṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇaṃ śreyaḥ prāpsyathaḥ tatrāhāra-śuddhir hi jñāna-nisṭhāṅgaṃ, tatrāhāra-śuddhau sattva-śuddhiḥ sattva-śuddhau dhruvā smṛtiḥ smṛti-labdhe sarva-granthīnāṃ vipramokṣaḥ iti śruteḥ ||11||

BhG 3.12

śrīdharaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭīkurvan karmākaraṇe doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | yajñair bhāvitāḥ santo devā vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvāreṇa vo yuṣmabhyaṃ bhogān dāsyante hi | ato devair dattān annādīn ebhyo devebhyaḥ pañca-yajñādibhir adattvā yo bhuṅkte, sa stenaś caura eva jñeyaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalaṃ pāratrikam eva phalaṃ yajñāt, kintv aihikam apīty āha iṣṭān iti | abhilaṣitān bhogān paśv-anna-hiraṇyādīn vo yuṣmabhyaṃ devā dāsyante vitariṣyanti | hi yasmād yajñair bhāvitās toṣitās te | yasmāt tair ṛṇavad bhavadbhyo dattā bhogās tasmāt tair devair dattān bhogān ebhyo devebhyo 'pradāya yajñeṣu devodeśenāhutīrasampādya yo bhuṅkte dehendriyāṇy eva tarpayati stena eva taskara eva sa deva-svāpahārī devārṇapākaraṇāt ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭīkurvan karmākaraṇe doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | tair dattān vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvāreṇānnādīn nādīn utpādety arthaḥ | ebhyo devebhyaḥ pañca-mahā-yajñādibhir adattvā yo bhuṅkte, sa tu caura eva ||12||

baladevaḥ : etad eva viśadayan karmānuṣṭhānena doṣam āha iṣṭān iti | pūrva-bhāvita-mad-aṅga-bhūtā devā vo yuṣmabhyam iṣṭān mumukṣu-kāmyān uttarottara-yajñāpekṣān bhogān dāsyanti vṛṣṭy-ādi-dvārā vrīhy-ādīn utpādyety arthaḥ | svārcanārthaṃ tair devair dattāṃs tān bhogān ebhyaḥ pañca-yajñādibhir apradāya kevalātma-tṛpti-karo yo bhuṅkte sa stenaś caura eva | devas tāny apahṛtya tair ātmanaḥ poṣāt | cauro bhūpād iva sa yamād daṇḍam arhati pumarthānarhaḥ ||12||

BhG 3.13

śrīdharaḥ : ataś ca yajanta eva śreṣṭhāḥ | netara ity āha yajña-śiṣṭāśina iti | vaiśva-devādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭaṃ ye 'śnanti te pañcasūnākṛtaiḥ sarvaiḥ kilbiṣair mucyante | pañca-sūnāś ca smṛtāv uktāḥ -

madhusūdanaḥ : ye tu vaiśvadevādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭam amṛtaṃ ye 'śnanti te santaḥ śiṣṭā vedokta-kāritvena devādy-ṛṇāpākaraṇāt atas te mucyante sarvair vihitākaraṇa-nimittaiḥ pūrva-kṛtaiś ca pañca-sūnā-nimittaiḥ kilbiṣaiḥ | bhūta-bhāvi-pātakā-saṃsargiṇas te bhavantīty arthaḥ |

evam anvaye bhūta-bhāvi-pāpābhāvām uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha bhuñjate te vaiśvadevādy-akāriṇo 'ghaṃ pāpam eva | tu-śabdo 'vadhāraṇe | ye pāpāḥ pañca-sūnā-nimittaṃ pramāda-kṛta-hiṃsā-nimittaṃ ca kṛta-pāpāḥ santa ātma-kāraṇād eva pacanti na tu vaiśvadevādy-artham | tathā ca pāñca-sūnādi-kṛta-pāpe vidyamāna eva vaiśvadevādi-nitya-karmākaraṇa-nimittam aparaṃ pāpam āpnuvantīti bhuñjate te tv aghaṃ pāpā ity uktam | tathā ca smṛtiḥ -

kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī | pañca-sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati ||iti |

pañca-sūnākṛtaṃ pāpaṃ pañca-yajñair vyapohati iti ca | śrutiś ca idam evāsya tat-sādhāraṇam annaṃ yad idam adyate | sa ya etad upāste na sa pāpnamo vyāvartate miśraṃ hy etat iti | mantra-varṇo 'pi -

mogham annaṃ vindate agra-cetāḥ satyaṃ bravīmi vadha itsa tasya | nāryamāṇaṃ puṣyati no sakhāyaṃ kevalādho bhavati kevalādī ||iti |

idaṃ copalakṣaṇaṃ pañca-mahā-yajñānāṃ smārtānāṃ śrautānāṃ ca nitya-karmaṇām | adhikṛtena nityāni karmāṇy avaśyam anuṣṭheyānīti prajāpati-vacanārthaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : vaiśvadevādi-yajñāvaśiṣṭam annaṃ ye 'śnanti te pañca-sūnākṛtaiḥ sarvaiḥ pāpair mucyante | pañca-sūnāś ca smṛty-uktāḥ -

kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī | pañca-sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati || iti ||13||

baladevaḥ : ye indrādy-aṅgatayāvasthitaṃ yajñaṃ sarveśvaraṃ viṣṇum abhyarcya tac-cheṣam aśnanti tena tad-deha-yātrāṃ sampādayanti te santaḥ sarveśvarasya yajña-puruṣasya bhaktāḥ sarva-kilbiṣair anādi-kāla-vivṛddhair ātmānubhava-pratibandhakair nikhilaiḥ pāpair vimucyante | te tu pāpāḥ pāpa-grastāḥ agham eva bhuñjate | ye tat-tad-devatāṅgatayāvasthitena yajña-puruṣeṇa svārcanāya dattaṃ vrīhy-ādy-ātma-kāraṇāt pacanti tad vipacyātma-poṣaṇaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | pakvasya vrīhy-āder agha-rūpeṇa pariṇāmād aghatvam uktam ||13||

BhG 3.14

śrīdharaḥ : jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād api karma kartavyam ity āha annād iti tribhiḥ | annāt śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatād bhūtāny utpadyante | annasya ca sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭeḥ | sa ca parjanyo yajñād bhavati | sa ca yajñaḥ karma-samudbhavaḥ | karmaṇā yajamānādi-vyāpāreṇa samyak sampadyata ity arthaḥ |

madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalaṃ prajāpati-vacanād eva karma kartavyam api tu jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād apīty āha annād iti tribhiḥ | annād bhuktād reto-lohita-rūpeṇa pariṇatād bhūtāni prāṇi-śarīrāṇi bhavanti jāyante | annasya sambhavo janmānna-sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭeḥ | pratyakṣa-siddham evaitat | atra karmopayogam āha yajñāt kārīr yāder agnihotrādeś cāpūrvākhyād dharmād bhavati parjanyaḥ | yathā cāgnihotrāhuter vṛṣṭi-janakatvaṃ tathā vyākhyātam aṣṭādhyāyī-kāṇḍe janaka-yājñavalkya-saṃvāda-rūpāyāṃ ṣaṭ-praśnyām | manunā coktam -

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate |

sa ca yajño dharmākhyaḥ sūkṣmaḥ karma-samudbhava ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-sādhyaḥ | yajñasya hi apūrvasya vihitaṃ karma kāraṇam ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : jagac-cakra-pravṛtti-hetutvād api yajñaṃ kuryād evety āha annād bhūtāni prāṇino bhavantīti bhūtānāṃ hetur annam | annād eva śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatāt prāṇi-śarīra-siddhes tasyānnasya hetuḥ parjanyaḥ | vṛṣṭibhir evānna-siddhes tasya parjanyasya hetur yajñaḥ | lokaiḥ kṛtena yajñenaiva samucita-vṛṣṭi-prada-megha-siddhes tasya yajñasya hetuḥ karma-ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpārātmakatvāt karmaṇa eva yajña-siddheḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ : prajāpatinā pareśena prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā tad-upajīvanāya tadaiva yajñaḥ sṛṣṭas tataḥ pareśānubartināvaśyaṃ sakārya ity āha annād iti dvābhyām | bhūtāni prāṇino 'nnād vrīhy-āder bhavanti | śukra-śoṇita-rūpeṇa pariṇatās tasmāt tad-dehānāṃ siddheḥ | tasyānnasya sambhavaḥ parjanyād vṛṣṭer bhavati | parjanyaś ca yajñād bhavati sidhyatīty arthaḥ |

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate | ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti manu-smṛteḥ ||14||

BhG 3.15

karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi brahmākṣara-samudbhavam

śrīdharaḥ : tathā karmeti | tac ca yajamānādi-vyāpāra-rūpaṃ karma brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi | brahma vedaḥ | tasmāt pravṛttaṃ jānīhi | asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ iti śruteḥ | yata evam akṣarād eva yajña-pravṛtter atyantam abhipreto yajñaḥ, tasmāt sarva-gatam apy akṣaraṃ brahma nityaṃ sarvadā yajñe pratiṣṭhitam | yajñenopāya-bhūtena prāpyata iti yajñe pratiṣṭhitam ucyata iti | udyama-sthā sadā lakṣmīr itivat | yad vā, jagac-cakrasya mūlaṃ karma tasmāt sarva-gataṃ mantrārtha-vādaiḥ sarveṣu siddhārtha-pratipādakeṣu bhūtārthākhyānādiṣu gataṃ sthitam api vedākhyaṃ brahma sarvadā yajñe tātparya-rūpeṇa pratiṣṭhitam | ato yajñādi karma kartavyam ity arthaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : tac cāpūrvotpādakam | brahmodbhavaṃ brahma vedaḥ sa evodbhavaḥ pramāṇaṃ yasya tat tathā | veda-vihitam eva karmāpūrva-sādhanaṃ jānīhi | na tv anyat-pāṣaṇḍa-pratipāditam ity arthaḥ | nanu pāṣaṇḍa-śāstrāpekṣayā vedasya kiṃ vailakṣaṇyaṃ yato veda-pratipādita eva dharmo nānya ity ata āha brahma vedākhyam akṣara-samudbhavam akṣarāt paramātmano nirdoṣāt puruṣa-niḥśvāsa-nyāyenābuddhi-pūrvaṃ samudbhava āvirbhāvo yasya tad-akṣara-samudbhavam | tathā cāpauruṣeyatvena nirasta-samasta-doṣāśaṅkaṃ veda-vākyaṃ pramiti-janakam iti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo 'thāṅgīrasa itihāsaḥ purāṇaṃ vidyā upaniṣadaḥ ślokāḥ sūtrāṇy anuvyākhānāni vyākhyānāny asyaivaitāni niḥśvasitāni [BAU 2.4.10] iti |

tasmāt sākṣāt paramātma-samudbhavatayā sarva-gataṃ sarva-prakāśakaṃ nityam avināśi ca brahma vedākhyaṃ yajñe dharmākhye 'tīndriye pratiṣṭhitaṃ tātparyeṇa | ataḥ pāṣaṇḍa-pratipāditopadharma-parityāgena veda-bodhita eva dharmo 'nuṣṭheya ity arthaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasya karmaṇo hetur brahma vedaḥ | vedokta-vidhi-vākya-śravaṇād eva yajñaṃ prati vyāpārotpattes tasya vedasya hetur akṣaraṃ brahma | brahmata eva vedotpatteḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ iti | tasmāt sarva-gataṃ brahma yajñe pratiṣṭhitam iti yajñena brahmāpi prāpyata iti bhāvaḥ | atra yadyapi kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvenānnādyā brahma-paryantāḥ padārtho uktās tad api teṣu madhye yajña eta vidheyatvena śāstreṇocyata iti | sa eva prastutaḥ -

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate | ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti smṛteḥ ||15||

baladevaḥ : tac ca ṛtvig-ādi-vyāpāra-rūpa-karma-brahmodbhavaṃ viddhi | brahma-vedas tasmāt tat pravṛttiṃ jānīhīty arthaḥ | tac ca veda-rūpaṃ brahma akṣarāt pareśāt samudbhavaṃ prakaṭaṃ viddhi | asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitam etad ṛg-vedo yajur-veaḥ sāma-vedo |thāṅgīrasaḥ ity ādi-śravaṇāt | yasmāt sva-sṛṣṭa-prajopajīvanāti-priyo yajñas tasmāt sarva-gataṃ nikhila-vyāpakam api brahma nityaṃ sarvadā yajñe pratiṣṭhitaṃ tenaiva tat prāpyata ity arthaḥ ||15||

BhG 3.16

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ parameśvareṇaiva bhūtānāṃ puruṣārtha-siddhaye karmādi-cakraṃ pravartitaṃ tasmāt tad akurvato vṛthaiva jīvitam ity āha evam iti | parameśvara-vākya-bhūtād vedākhyād brahmaṇaḥ puruṣāṇāṃ karmaṇi pravṛttiḥ | tataḥ karma-niṣpattiḥ | tataḥ parjanyaḥ | tato 'nnam | tato bhūtāni | bhūtānāṃ punas tathaiva karma-pravṛttir iti | evaṃ pravartitaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati so 'ghāyuḥ | aghaṃ pāpa-rūpam āyur yasya saḥ | yata indriyair viṣayeṣv evāramati, na tu īśvarārādhanārthe karmaṇi | ato moghaṃ vyarthaṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : bhavaty evaṃ tataḥ kiṃ phalitam ity āha evam iti | parameśvarāt sarvāvabhāsaka-nitya-nirdoṣa-vedāvirbhāvaḥ | tataḥ karma-parijñānaṃ tato 'nuṣṭhānād dharmotpādaḥ | tataḥ parjanyas tato 'nnaṃ tato bhūtāni punas tathaiva bhūtānāṃ karma-pravṛttir ity evaṃ parameśvareṇa pravartitaṃ cakraṃ sarva-jagan-nirvāhakaṃ yo nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati so 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvano moghaṃ vyartham eva jīvati he pārtha tasya jīvanān maraṇam eva varaṃ janmāntare dharmānuṣṭhāna-sambhavād ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - atho ayaṃ vā ātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ lokaḥ sa yaj juhoti yad yajate tena devānāṃ loko 'tha yad anubrūte tena ṛṣīṇām atha yat-pitṛbhyo nipṛṇāti yat prajām icchate tena pitṝṇām atha yan manuṣyān vāsayate yad ebhyo 'śanaṃ dadāti tena manuṣyāṇām atha yat paśubhyas tṛṇodakaṃ vindati tena paśūnāṃ yad asya gṛheṣu śvāpadā vayāṃsyāpipīlikābhya upajīvanti tena teṣāṃ lokaḥ [BAU 1.4.16] iti |

brahma-vidaṃ vyāvartayati indriyārāma iti | yata indriyair viṣayeṣv āramati ataḥ karmādhikārī saṃs tad-akaraṇāt pāpam evācinvan vyartham eva jīvatīty abhiprāyaḥ ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : etad-anuṣṭhāne pratyavāyam āha evam iti | cakraṃ pūrva-paścād-bhāgena pravartitam | yajñān parjanyaḥ | parjanyād annam | annāt puruṣaḥ | puruṣāt punar yajñaḥ | yajñāt parjanya ity evaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati yajñānuṣṭhānena na parivartayati, sa aghāyuḥ pāpa-vyāptāyuḥ | ko narake na maṅkṣyatīti bhāvaḥ ||16||

baladevaḥ : yajñākaraṇe doṣam āhaivam iti | parasmād brahmaṇo vedāvirbhāvas tasmād brahma-pratibodhakāt yajñas tataḥ parjanyas tato 'nnaṃ tato bhūtāni punas tathaiva bhūtānāṃ karma-pravṛttir ity evaṃ nikhila-jagan-nirvāhakaṃ pareśena prajāpatinā pravartitaṃ cakraṃ yo nānuvartayati sa janaḥ pareśa-vimukho 'ghāyuḥ pāpa-jīvano moghaṃ vyartham eva jīvati | he pārtha yad asāv indriyair viṣayeṣv eva ramate na tu para-brahmābhimate yajñe tac-cheṣāśane ca ||16||

BhG 3.17

yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ātma-tṛptaś ca mānavaḥ

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ na karmaṇām ārambhād ity-ādinā ajñasya antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ karma-yogam uktvā jñāninaḥ karmānupayogam āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany eva ratiḥ prītir yasya saḥ | tataś cātmany eva tṛptaḥ svānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | ataeva ātmany eva santuṣṭo bhogāpekṣā-rahito yas tasya kartavyaṃ karma nāstīti ||17||

ṃadhusūdanaḥ: yas tv indriyārāmo na bhavati paramārtha-darśī sa evaṃ jagac-cakra-prabhṛti-hetu-bhūtaṃ karmānanutiṣṭhann api na pratyavaiti kṛtakṛtyatvād ity āha dvābhyām yas tv iti | indriyārāmo hi srak-candana-vanitādiṣu ratim anubhavati manojñānna-pānādiṣu tṛptiṃ paśu-putra-hiraṇyādi-lābhena rogādy-abhāvena ca tuṣṭim | ukta-viṣayābhāve rāgiṇām araty-atṛpty-atuṣṭi-darśanād rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭyau mano-vṛtti-viśeṣāḥ sākṣi-siddhāḥ | labdha-paramātmānanas tu dvaita-darśanābhāvād atiphalgutvāc ca viṣaya-sukhaṃ na kāmayata ity uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | ato 'nātma-viṣayaka-rati-tṛpti-tuṣṭy-abhāvād ātmānaṃ paramānandam advayaṃ sākṣātkurvann upacārād evam ucyate - ātma-ratir ātma-tṛpta ātma-santuṣṭa iti | tathā ca śrutiḥ - ātma-krīḍa ātma-ratiḥ kriyāvān eva brahma-vidāṃ variṣṭhaḥ iti | ātma-tṛptaś ceti cakāra eva-kārānukarṣaṇārthaḥ | mānava iti yaḥ kaścid api manuṣya evambhūtaḥ sa eva kṛtakṛtyo na tu brāhmaṇatvādi-prakarṣeṇeti kathayitum | ātmany eva ca santuṣṭa ity atra ca-kāraḥ samuccayārthaḥ | ya evambhūtasyādhikāra-hetv-abhāvāt kim api kāryaṃ vaidikaṃ laukikaṃ vā na vidyate ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ niṣkāmatvāsāmarthye sa-kāmo 'pi karma kuryād evety uktam | yas tu śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇatvāt jñāna-bhūmikām ārūḍhaḥ sa tu nityaṃ kāmyaṃ ca na karotīty āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātma-ratir ātmārāmo yata ātma-tṛptaḥ ātmānandānubhavena nirvṛtaḥ | na svātmani nirvṛto bahir-viṣaya-bhoge 'pi kiñcin nirvṛto bhavatu | atra naivety āhaātmany eva na tu bahir-viṣaya-bhoge tasya kāryaṃ kartavyatvena karma nāsti ||17||

baladevaḥ : yas tu mad-uktena niṣkāma-karmaṇā mad-upāsanena ca vimṛṣṭe citta-darpaṇe sañjātena dharma-bhūta-jñānenātmānam adarśat tasya na kiñcit karma kartavyam ity āha yas tv iti dvābhyām | ātmany apahata-pāpmatvādi-guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭe sva-svarūpe avalokite ratir yasya saḥ | ātmanā sva-prakāśānandenāvalokitena tṛpto na tv anna-pānādinā | ātmany eva ca tādṛśe santuṣṭo na tu nṛtya-gītādau | tasyaivambhūtasya tad-avalokānāya kiñcit karma kartavyaṃ na vidyate sarvadāvalokitātma-svarūpatvāt ||17||

BhG 3.18

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha naiveti | kṛtena karmaṇā tasya arthaḥ puṇyaṃ naivāsti | na cākṛtena kaścana ko 'pi pratyavāyo 'sti | nirahaṅkāratvena vidhi-niṣedhātītatvāt | tathāpi tasmāt tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣā vidur iti śrtuer mokṣe deva-kṛta-vighna-sambhavāt tat-parihārārthaṃ karmabhir devāḥ sevyā ity āśaṅkyoktaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu kaścid artha-vyapāśrayaḥ āśraya eva vyapāśrayaḥ | artho mokṣa āśrayaṇīyo 'sya nāstīty arthaḥ | vighnābhāvasya śrutyaivoktatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- tasya ha na devāś ca nābhūtyā īśate ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati iti śravaṇāt | hanety avyayam apy-arthe | devā api tasyātma-tattva-jñasya abhūtyai brahma-bhāva-pratibandhāya neśate na śaknuvantīti śruter arthaḥ | deva-kṛtās tu vighnāḥ samyag-jñānotpatteḥ prāg eva | yad etad brahma manuṣyā vidus tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyam iti brahma-jñānasyaiva apriyatvoktyā tatraiva vighna-kartṛtvasya sūcitatvāt ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv ātmavido 'pi abhyudayārthaṃ niḥśreyasārthaṃ pratyavāya-parihārārthaṃ vā karma syād ity ata āha naiveti | tasyātma-rateḥ kṛtena karmaṇābhyudaya-lakṣaṇo niḥśreyasa-lakṣaṇo vārthaṃ prayojanaṃ naivāsti tasya svargādy-abhyudayānarthitvāt | niḥśreyasasya ca karmāsādhyatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - parīkṣya lokān karma-cittān brāhmaṇo nirvedam āyān nāsty akṛtaḥ kṛtena iti | akṛto nityo mokṣaḥ kṛtena karmaṇā nāstīty arthaḥ | jñāna-sādhyasyāpi vyāvṛttir eva-kāreṇa sūcitā | ātma-rūpasya hi niḥśreyasya nitya-prāptasyājñāna-mātram aprāptiḥ | tac ca tattva-jñāna-mātrāpanodyam | tasmiṃs tattva-jñānenāpanunne tasyātma-vido na kiṃcit karma-sādhyaṃ jñāna-sādhyaṃ vā prayojanam astīty arthaḥ |

evaṃbhūtenāpi pratyavāya-parihārārthaṃ karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāny evety ata āha nākṛteneti | bhāve niṣṭhā | nitya-karmākaraṇeneha loke garhitatva-rūpaḥ pratyavāya-prāpti-rūpo vā kaścanārtho nāsti | sarvatropapattim āhottarārdhena | co hetau | yasmād asyātma-vidaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu ko 'pi artha-vyapāśrayaḥ prayojana-sambandho nāsti | kaṃcid bhūta-viśeṣam āśritya ko 'pi kriyā-sādhyo 'rtho nāstīti vākyārthaḥ | ato 'sya kṛtākṛte niṣprayojanaṃ naiva kṛtākṛte tapataḥ iti śruteḥ | tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśata ātmā hy eṣāṃ na bhavati iti śruter devā api tasya mokṣābhavanāya na samarthā ity ukter na vighnābhāvārtham api devārādhana-rūpa-karmānuṣṭhānam ity abhiprāyaḥ |

etādṛśo brahma-vid-bhūmikā-saptaka-bhedena nirūpito vasiṣṭhena -

sattvāpattiś caturthī syāt tato 'saṃsakti-nāsikā | padārthābhāvanī ṣaṣṭhī saptamī turyagā smṛtā || iti |

tatra nityānitya-vastu-vivekādi-puraḥsarā phala-paryavasāyinī mokṣecchā prathamā | tato gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākya-vicāraḥ śravaṇa-mananātmako dvitīyā | tato nididhyāsanābhyāsena manasa ekāgratayā sūkṣma-vastu-grahaṇa-yogyatvaṃ tṛtīyā | etad bhūmikā-trayaṃ sādhana-rūpaṃ jāgrad-avasthocyate yogibhiḥ | bhedena jagato bhānāt | tad uktam -

bhūmikā-tritayaḥ tv etad rāma jāgrad iti sthitam | yathāvad bheda-buddhyedaṃ jagaj jāgrati dṛśyate || iti |

tato vedānta-vākyān nirvikalpako brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāraś caturthī bhūmikā phala-rūpā sattvāpattiḥ svapnāvasthocyate | sarvasyāpi jagato mithyātvena sphuraṇāt | tad uktam -

advaite sthairyam āyāte dvaite praśamam āgate | paśyanti svapnaval lokaṃ caturthīṃ bhūmikām itāḥ || iti |

so 'yaṃ caturtha-bhūmiṃ prāpto yogī brahmavid ity ucyate | pañcamī-ṣaṣṭhī-saptamyas tu bhūmikā jīvanmukter evāvāntara-bhedāḥ | tatra savikalpaka-samādhy-abhyāsena niruddhe manasi yā nirvikalpaka-samādhy-avasthā sāsaṃsaktir iti suṣuptir iti cocyate | tataḥ svayam eva vyutthānāt | so 'yaṃ yogī brahma-vid-varaḥ | tatas tad-abhyāsa-paripākeṇa cira-kālāvasthāyinī sā padārthābhāvanīti gāḍha-suṣuptir iti cocyate | tataḥ svayam anusthitasya yoginaḥ para-prayatnenaiva vyutthānāt | so 'yaṃ brahmavid varīyān | uktaṃ hi -

pañcamīṃ bhūmikām etya suṣupti-padanāmikām | ṣaṣṭhīṃ gāḍha-suṣupty-ākhyāṃ kramāt patati bhūmikām || iti |

yasyās tu samādhy-avasthāyā na svato na vā parato vyutthito bhavati sarvathā bheda-darśanābhāvāt | kintu sarvadā tanmaya eva sva-prayatnam antareṇaiva parameśvara-prerita-prāṇa-vāyu-vaśād anyair nirvāhyamāṇa-daihika-vyavahāraḥ paripūrṇa-paramānanda-ghana eva sarvatas tiṣṭhati | sā saptamī turīyāvasthā | tāṃ prāpto brahmavid variṣṭha ity ucyate | uktaṃ hi -

videha-muktatā tūktā saptamī yoga-bhūmikā | agamyā vacasāṃ śāntā sā sīmā yoga-bhūmiṣu || iti |

yām adhikṛtya śrīmad-bhāgavate smaryate -

śrutiś ca - tad yathā 'hinirlvyayanī valmīke mṛtā pratyastā śayītaivam evedaṃ śarīraṃ śete 'thāyam aśarīro 'mṛtaḥ prāṇo brahmaiva teja eva iti |

tatrāyaṃ saṅgrahaḥ -

viśvanātha: kṛtenānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā nārtho na phalam | akṛtena kañcana pratavāyo 'pi na, yasmād asya sarva-bhūteṣu brahmāṇḍa-sthāvarādiṣu madhye kaścid apy arthāya sva-prayojanārthaṃ vyapāśraya āśrayaṇīyo na bhavati | purāṇādiṣu vyapāśraya-śabdena tathaivocyate, yathā -

vāsudeve bhagavati bhaktim udvahatāṃ nṛṇām |

tathā-yad-upāśrayāśrayāḥ śuddhyanti [BhP 2.7.46] iti | saṃsthā-hetur upāśrayaḥ ity ādāv apy apety upasargasyānadhikārthaṃ dṛṣṭam ||18||

baladevaḥ : kṛtena tad-avalokanāyānuṣṭhitena karmaṇārthaḥ phalaṃ naivāsti | akṛtena tad-avalokanāsādhanena karmaṇā kaścanānarthaś ca tad-avalokana-kṣati-lakṣaṇa iha na bhavati | svābhāvikātmāvalokanāt | na tv īdṛśo 'pi deva-kṛtād vighnād bibhyat tat-toṣāya tat-pūjātmakaṃ karma kuryāt | śrutiś ca devān jñāna-dviṣaḥ prāha-tasmāt tad eṣāṃ devānāṃ na priyaṃ yad etan manuṣā vidur iti | tatrāha na ceti | asya labdhātmāvalokasya viduṣaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu deveṣu mānaveṣu ca madhye kaścid apy arthāyātma-ratir nairvighnāya vyapāśrayaḥ karmabhiḥ sevyo na bhavati | jñānodayāt pūrvam eva deva-kṛtā vighnāḥ tenātma-ratau satyāṃ tu na tat-kṛtās te tat-prabhāveṇa sambhavanti | tasya ha na devāś ca nābhūtyā īśate ātmā hy eṣāṃ sambhavati iti śravaṇāt | hanety apy-arthe nipātaḥ | devā api tasyātmānubhavino |bhūtyai ātma-rati-kṣataye neśate | hi yasmād eṣāṃ sa ātmā tadvat preṣṭho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||

BhG 3.19

tasmād asaktaḥ satataṃ kāryaṃ karma samācara

śrīdharaḥ :yasmād evambhūtasya jñānina eva karmānupayogo nānyasya tasmāt tvaṃ karma kurv ity āha tasmād iti | asaktaḥ phala-saṅga-rahitaḥ san kāryam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ nityaṃ naimittikaṃ karma samyag ācara | hi yasmād asaktaḥ karmācaran puruṣaḥ paraṃ mokṣaṃ citta-śuddhi-jñāna-dvārā prāpnoti ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmān na tvam evaṃbhūto jñānī kintu karmādhikṛta eva mumukṣuḥ | asaktaḥ phala-kāmanā-rahitaḥ satataṃ sarvadā na tu kadācit kāryam avaśya-kartavyaṃ yāvaj-jīvādi-śruti-coditaṃ tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śrutyā jñāne viniyuktaṃ karma nitya-naimittika-lakṣaṇaṃ samyag ācara yathā-śāstraṃ nirvartaya | asakto hi yasmād ācarann īśvarārthaṃ karma kurvan sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa paraṃ mokṣam āpnoti pūruṣaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eva sat-puruṣo nānya ity abhiprāyaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tava jñāna-bhūmikārohaṇe nāsti yogyatā | kāmya-karmaṇi tu sad-vivekavatas tava naivādhikāraḥ | tasmāt niṣkāma-karmaiva kurv ity āha tasmād iti | kāryam avaśya-kartavyatvena vihitaṃ paraṃ mokṣam ||19||

baladevaḥ : yasmāl labdhātmāvalokanasyaiva karmānupayogas tasmād etādṛktvaṃ kāryaṃ kartavyatvena vihitaṃ karma samācara | asaktaḥ phalecchā-śūnyaḥ san | paraṃ dehādi-bhinnam ātmānam āpnoty avalokate yāthātmyena ||19||

BhG 3.20

karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ

śrīdharaḥ : atra sadācāraṃ pramāṇayati karmaṇaiveti | karmaṇaiva śuddha-sattvāḥ santaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ samyag-jñānaṃ prāptā ity arthaḥ | yadyapi tvaṃ samyag-jñāninam evātmānaṃ manyase, tathāpi karmācaraṇaṃ bhadram evety āha loka-saṅgraham ity ādi | lokasya saṅgrahaṃ sva-dharme pravartanam | mayā karmaṇi kṛte janaḥ sarvo 'pi kariṣyati | anyathā jñāni-dṛṣṭāntenājño nija-dharmaṃ nityaṃ karma tyajan patet | ity evaṃ loka-rakṣaṇam api tāvat prayojanaṃ saṃpaśyan kathaṃ kartum evārhasi | na tyaktum ity arthaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu vividiṣor api jñāna-niṣṭhā-prāpty-arthaṃ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanānuṣṭhānāya sarva-karma-tyāga-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃnyāso vihitaḥ | tathā ca na kevalaṃ jñānina eva karmānadhikāraḥ kintu jñānārthino 'pi viraktasya | tathā ca mayāpi viraktena jñānārthinā karmāṇi heyāny evety arjunāśaṅkāṃ kṣatriyasya saṃnyāsānadhikāra-pratipādanenāpanudati bhagavān karmaṇaiveti |

janakādayo janakā-jāta-śatru-prabhṛtayaḥ śruti-smṛti-prasiddhāḥ kṣatriyā vidvāṃso 'pi karmaṇaiva saha na tu karma-tyāgena sa saṃsiddhiṃ śravaṇādi-sādhyāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhām āsthitāḥ prāptāḥ | hi yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api kṣatriyo vividiṣur vidvān vā karma kartum arhasīty anuṣaṅgaḥ | brāhmaṇaḥ putraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti iti saṃnyāsa-vidhāyake vākye brāhmaṇatvasya vivakṣitatvāt | svārājya-kāmo rājā rāja-sūyena yajeta ity atra kṣatriyatvāvat | catvāra āśramā brāhmaṇasya trayo rājan yasya dvau vaiśyasya iti ca smṛteḥ | purāṇe 'pi -

iti kṣatriya-vaiśyayoḥ saṃnyāsābhāva uktaḥ | tasmād yuktam evoktaṃ bhagavatā karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ |

sarve rājāśritā dharmā rājā dharmasya dhārakaḥ ity ādi smṛter varṇāśrama-pravartakatvenāpi kṣatriyo 'vaśyaṃ karma kuryād ity āha loketi | lokānāṃ sve sve dharme pravartanam unmārgān nivartanaṃ ca loka-saṅgrahas taṃ paśyann api-śabdāj janakādi-śiṣṭācāram api paśyan karma kartum arhasy evety anvayaḥ | kṣatriya-janma-prāpakeṇa karmaṇārabdha-śarīras tvaṃ vidvān api janakādivat prārabdha-karma-phalena loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ karma kartuṃ yogyo bhavasi na tu tyaktuṃ brāhmaṇa-janmālābhād ity abhiprāyaḥ | etādṛśa-bhagavad-abhiprāya-vidā bhagavatā bhāṣya-kṛtā brāhmaṇasyaiva saṃnyāso nānyasyeti nirṇītam | vārtika-kṛtā tu prauḍhi-vāda-mātreṇa kṣatriya-vaiśyayor

viśvanāthaḥ : atra sadācāraṃ pramāṇayati karmaṇeti | yadi vā tvam ātmānaṃ jñānā̆dhikāriṇaṃ manyase, tad api loke śikṣā grahaṇārthaṃ karmaiva kurv ity āha loketi ||20||

baladevaḥ : sadācāram atra pramāṇayati karmaṇaiveti | karmaṇaivopāyena viśuddha-cittāḥ santaḥ saṃsiddhiṃ svātmāvalokana-lakṣaṇām āsthitāḥ prāpuḥ | karmaṇaiveti viśeṣaṇa-sambandha eva-kāras tasyāyogaṃ vyavacchinnatti śaṅkha-pāṇḍura evetivat | tena śravaṇāder na vyudāsaḥ | karmaṇā yajñādinā sahaiva śravaṇādineti kecit |

nanu saniṣṭhasyātmāvalokane karmānuṣṭhānaṃ nāstīty uktam | mama pariniṣṭhitasyāvalokita-sva-parātmanaḥ karmopadeśaḥ kuta iti cet tatrāha loketi | satyaṃ tvam īdṛśa eva tathāpi loka-saṅgrahāya karma kurv iti arjune mayi karma kurvāṇe sarva-lokaḥ karma kariṣyati | itarathā mad-dṛṣṭāntenājño 'pi lokaḥ karma tyajan patiṣyatīti loka-saṃrakṣaṇaṃ tat phalam ||20||

BhG 3.21

śrīdharaḥ : karma-karaṇe loka-saṅgraho yathā syāt tad āha yad iti | itaraḥ prākṛto 'pi janas tat tad evācarati | sa śreṣṭho janaḥ karma-śāstraṃ tan-nivṛtti-śāstraṃ vā yat pramāṇaṃ manyate, tad eva loko 'py anusarati ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu mayā karmaṇi kriyamāṇe 'pi lokaḥ kim iti tat-saṅgṛhṇīyād ity āśaṅkya śreṣṭhācārānuvidhāyitvād ity āha yad yad iti | śreṣṭhaḥ pradhāna-bhūto rājādir yad yat karmācarati śubham aśubhaṃ vā tat tad evācaratītaraḥ prākṛtas tad-anugato janaḥ | na tv anyat svātantryeṇety arthaḥ |

nanu śāstram avalokyāśāstrīyaṃ śreṣṭhācāraṃ parityajya śāstrīyam eva kuto nācarati loka ity āśaṅkyācāravat pratipattāv api śreṣṭhānusāritām itarasya darśayati sa yad iti | sa śreṣṭho yal laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā pramāṇaṃ kurute pramāṇatvena manyate tad eva loko 'py anuvartate pramāṇaṃ kurute na tu svātantryeṇa kiṃcid ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pradhāna-bhūtena tvayā rājñā loka-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ karma kartavyam eva pradhānānuyāyino jana-vyavahārā bhavantīti nyāyād ity abhiprāyaḥ ||21||

baladevaḥ : loka-saṅgraha-prakāram evāha yad yad iti | śreṣṭho mahattamo yat karma yathācarati tat karma tathaivetaraḥ kaniṣṭho 'py ācarati | sa śresṭhas tasmin karmaṇi yac chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ kurute manyate lokaḥ kaniṣṭho 'pi tad-anuyāyī tad evānuvartate 'nasarati | śāstropetaṃ śreṣṭhācaraṇaṃ kalyāṇa-lipsunā kaniṣṭhenānuṣṭheyam ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ ca tejasvinaḥ śreṣṭhasya ca yat kvacit svairācaraṇaṃ tad-vyāvṛtam | tasya śreṣṭha-kṛtatve 'pi śāstropetatvābhāvāt ||21||

BhG 3.22

śrīdharaḥ : atra cāhameva dṛṣṭānta ity āha na ma iti tribhiḥ | he pārtha ! me kartavyaṃ nāsti | yatas triṣv api lokeṣu anavāptam aprāptaṃ sadāvaptavyaṃ prāpyaṃ nāsti | tathāpi karmaṇy ahaṃ varta eva karma karomy evety arthaḥ ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : atra cāham eva dṛṣṭānta ity āha na ma iti tribhiḥ | he pārtha na me mama triṣv api lokeṣu kim api kartavyaṃ nāsti | yato 'navāptaṃ phalaṃ kiṃcin mamāvāptavyaṃ nāsti | tathāpi varta eva karmaṇy ahaṃ karma karomy evety arthaḥ | pārtheti sambodhayan viśuddha-kṣatriya-vaṃśodbhavas tvaṃ śūrāpatyāpatyatvena cātyantaṃ mat-samo 'ham iva vartitum arhasīti darśayati ||22||

baladevaḥ : śreṣṭhaḥ karma-phala-nirapekṣo 'pi loka-saṅgrahāya śāstroditāni karmāṇy ācared ity arthe svaṃ dṛṣṭāntam āha na me pārtheti tribhiḥ | sarveśasya satya-saṅkalpasya satya-kāmasya me kartavyaṃ nāsti | phalārthinā khalu karmānuṣṭheyam | na ca nikhila-phalāśrayasya svayaṃ parama-phalātmano me karmāpekṣyam ity arthaḥ | etad darśayati triṣv iti | yataḥ sarveṣu lokeṣu karmaṇā yat phalam avāptavyaṃ tad-anavāptam alabdhaṃ mama nāsti sarvaṃ tan madīyam evety arthaḥ | tathāpi śāstroktaṃ karmāhaṃ karomy evety āha varta iti ||22||

BhG 3.23

śrīdharaḥ : akaraṇe lokasya nāśaṃ darśayati yadi hy aham iti | jātu kadācit | atandrito 'nalasaḥ san yadi karmaṇi na varteya karma nānutiṣṭheyam, tarhi mamaiva vartma mārgaṃ manuṣyā anuvartante anuverterann ity arthaḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : loka-saṅgraho 'pi na te kartavyo viphalatvād ity āśaṅkyāha yadi hy aham iti | yadi punar aham atandrito 'nalasaḥ san karmaṇi jātu kadācin na varteya nānutiṣṭheyaṃ karmāṇi tadā mama śreṣṭhasya sato vartma mārgaṃ he pārtha manuṣyāḥ karmādhikāriṇaḥ santo 'nuvartante 'nuvarteran sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ ||23||

baladevaḥ : yadīti | ahaṃ sarveśvaraḥ siddha-sarvārtho 'pi yadu-kulāvatīrṇo jātu kadācit tat-kulocite śāstrokte karmaṇi na varteya tan na kuryām atandritaḥ sāvadhānaḥ san tarhi māṃ dṛṣṭāntaṃ kṛtvā manuṣyāḥ śreṣṭhasya mama vartma kula-vihitācāra-tyāga-rūpam anuvarteran tato bhraṃśerann ity arthaḥ ||23||

BhG 3.24

śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha utsīdeyur iti | utsīdeyur dharma-lopena naśyeyuḥ | tataś ca yo varṇa-saṅkaro bhavet tasyāpy aham eva kartā syāṃ bhaveyam | evam aham eva prajā upahanyāṃ malinīkuryām iti ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : śreṣṭhasya tava mārgānuvartitvaṃ manuṣyāṇām ucitam eva anuvartitve ko doṣa ity ata āha utsīdeyur iti | aham īśvaraś ced yadi karma na kuryāṃ tadā mad-anuvartināṃ manv-ādīnām api karmānupapatter loka-sthiti-hetoḥ karmaṇo lopeneme sarve lokā utsīdeyur vinaśyeyuḥ | tataś ca varṇa-saṃkarasya ca kartāham eva syām | tena cemāḥ sarvāḥ prajā aham evopahanyāṃ dharma-lopena vināśayeyam | kathaṃ ca prajānām anugrahārthaṃ pravṛtta īśvaro 'haṃ tāḥ sarvā vināśayeyam ity abhiprāyaḥ |

yad yad ācaratīty āder aparā yojanā | na kevalaṃ loka-saṃgrahaṃ sampaśyan kartum arhasy api tu śreṣṭhācāratvād apīty āha yad yad iti | tathā ca mama śreṣṭhasya yādṛśa eva ācāras tādṛśa eva mad-anuvartinā tvayānuṣṭheyo na svātantryeṇānya ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśas tavācāro yo mayānuvartanīya ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ na me pārthety ādibhis tribhiḥ ślokais tat-pradarśanam iti ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : utsīdeyur māṃ dṛṣṭāntīkṛtya dharmam akurvāṇā bhraṃśeyuḥ | tataś ca varṇa-saṅkaro bhavet tasyāpy aham eva kartā syām evam aham eva prajā hanyām | malināḥ kuryām ||24||

baladevaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ syād ity āha utsīdeyur iti | ahaṃ sarva-śreṣṭhaś cet śāstroktaṃ karma na kuryāṃ tarhīme lokā utsīdeyur vibhraṣṭa-maryādāḥ syuḥ | tad-vibhraṃśe sati yaḥ saṅkaraḥ syāt tasyāpy aham eva kartā syām | evaṃ ca prajāpatir aham imāḥ prajāḥ sāṅkarya-doṣeṇopahanyāṃ malināḥ kuryām | tathā ca - eṣa setur vidharaṇa eṣāṃ lokānām asaṃbhedāya iti śrutyā loka-maryādā-vidhārakatvena parigītasya me tan-maryādā-bhedakatvaṃ syād iti | evaṃ upadiśato 'pi harer yat kiṃcit sva-bhakta-sukhecchoḥ svairācaritaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ, tat khalu vidhāyakena tad-vacasānupetatvād īśvarīyatvāc cāvarair naivācaraṇīyam | yad uktaṃ śrīmatā śukena -

naitat samācarej jātu manasāpi hy anīśvaraḥ | vinaśyaty ācaran mauḍhyād yathārudro |bdhi-jaṃ viṣam || [BhP 10.33.31-2] iti ||24||

BhG 3.25

śrīdharaḥ : tasmād ātmavidāpi loka-saṅgrahārtha tat-kṛpayā karma kāryam evety upasaṃharati saktā iti | karmaṇi saktā abhiniviṣṭāḥ santo yathājñāḥ karmāṇi kurvanti, asaktaḥ san vidvān api kuryāt loka-saṃgraham kartum icchuḥ ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu taveśvarasya loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇasyāpi kartṛtvābhimānābhāvān na kāpi kṣatiḥ | mama tu jīvasya loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvāṇasya kartṛtvābhimānena jñānābhibhavaḥ syād ity ata āha saktā iti | saktāḥ kartṛtvābhimānena phalābhisandhinā ca karmaṇy abhiniviṣṭā avidvāṃso 'jñā yathā kurvanti karma loka-saṃgrahaṃ kartum icchur vidvān ātmavid api tathaiva kuryāt | kintu asaktaḥ san kartṛtvābhimānaṃ phalābhisandhiṃ cākurvann ity arthaḥ | bhārateti bharata-vaṃśodbhavatvenabhā jñānaṃ tasyāṃ ratatvena vā tvaṃ yathokta-śāstrārtha-bodha-yogyo 'sīti darśayati ||25||

baladevaḥ : tasmāt pratiṣṭhite 'pi tvaṃ loka-hitāya vedoktaṃ sva-karma prakurv ity āśayenāha saktā iti | ajñā yathā karmaṇi saktāḥ phala-lipsayābhiniviṣṭās tata kurvanty evaṃ vidvān api kuryāt | kintv asaktaḥ phala-lipsā-śūnyaḥ san | sphuṭam anyat ||25||

BhG 3.26

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kṛpayā tattva-jñānam evopadeṣṭuṃ yuktam | nety āha na buddhi-bhedam iti ajñānām ataeva karma-saṅgināṃ karmāsaktānām akartātmeopadeśena buddher bhedam anyathātvaṃ na janayet | karmaṇaḥ sakāśād buddhi-vicālanaṃ na kuryāt | api tu joṣayet sevayet | ajñān karmāṇi kārayed ity arthaḥ | katham ? yukto 'vahito bhūtvā svayam ācaran san | buddhi-vicālane kṛte sati karmasu śraddhā-nivṛtter jñānasya cānutpattes tesām ubhaya-bhraṃśaḥ syād iti bhāvaḥ ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karmānuṣṭhānenaiva loka-saṃgrahaḥ kartavyo na tu tattva-jñānopadeśeneti ko hetur ata āha na buddhīti | ajñānām avivekināṃ kartṛtvābhimānena phalābhisandhinā ca karma-saṅgināṃ karmaṇy abhiniviṣṭānāṃ yā buddhir aham etat karma kariṣya etat-phalaṃ ca bhokṣya iti tasyā bhedaṃ vicālanam akartrātmopadeśena na kuryāt | kintu yukto 'vahitaḥ san vidvān loka-saṃgrahaṃ cikīrṣur avidvad-adhikārikāṇi sarva-karmaṇi samācaraṃs teṣāṃ śraddhām utpādya joṣayet prītyā sevayet | anadhikāriṇām upadeśena buddhi-vicālane kṛte karmasu śraddhā-nivṛttir jñānasya cānutpatter ubhaya-bhraṣṭatvaṃ syāt | tathā coktaṃ-

ajñasyārdha-prabuddhasya sarvaṃ brahmeti yo vadet | mahā-niraya-jāleṣu sa tena viniyojitaḥ || iti ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : alaṃ karma-jaḍimnā | tvaṃ karma-sannyāsaṃ kṛtvā jñānābhyāsenāham iva kṛtārthībhavaiti buddhi-bhedaṃ na janayet karma-saṅginaṃ aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvena karmasv evāsaktimatām | kintu tvaṃ kṛtārthībhaviṣyan niṣkāma-karmaiva kru iti karmāṇy eva yojayet kārayet | atra karmāṇi samācaran svayam eva dṛṣṭāntībhavet |

ity ajita-vākyenaitad virudhyate | satyam | tat khalu bhakty-upadeṣṭṛka-viṣayam idaṃ tu jñānopadeṣṭṛka-viṣayam ity avirodhaḥ | jñānasyāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-adhīnatvāt | tac chuddhes tu niṣkāma-karmādhīnatvāt, bhaktes tu svataḥ prābalyād antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-paryantānapekṣatvāt | yadi bhaktau śraddhām utpādayituṃ śaknuyāt, tadā karmiṇāṃ buddhi-bhedam api janayet, bhaktau śraddhāvatāṃ karmānadhikārāt -

tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā |

dharmān santyajya yaḥ sarvān māṃ bhajet sa tu sattamaḥ [BhP 11.11.32]iti,

sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja [Gītā 18.66] iti,

tyaktvā sva-dharmaṃ caraṇāmbujaṃ harer

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca loka-hitecchur jñānī sāvahitaḥ syād ity āha na buddhīti | vidvān pariniṣṭhito 'pi karma-saṅgināṃ karma-śraddhā-jāḍya-bhājām ajñānāṃ buddhi-bhedaṃ na janayet | kiṃ karmab hir aham iva jñānenaiva kṛtārtho bhaveti karma-niṣṭhātas tad-buddhiṃ nāpanayed ity arthaḥ | kintu svayaṃ karmasu yuktaḥ sāvadhānas tāni samyak sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇācaran sarvāṇi vihitāni karmāṇi yoṣayet prītyā sevayet ajñān karmāṇi kārayed ity arthaḥ | buddhi-bhede sati karmasu śraddhā-nivṛtte jñānasya cānudayād ubhaya-vibhraṣṭās te syur iti bhāvaḥ |

BhG 3.27

śrīdharaḥ : nanu viduṣo 'pi cet karma kartavyaṃ tarhi vidvad-aviduṣoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? ity āśaṅkyobhayor viśeṣaṃ darśayati prakṛter iti dvābhyām | prakṛter guṇaiḥ prakṛti-kāryair indriyaiḥ sarva-prakāreṇa kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi | tāny aham eva kartā karomīti manyate | atra hetuḥ - ahaṃkāreṇa indriyādiṣv ātmādhyāsena vimūḍha-buddhiḥ san ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : vidvad-aviduṣoḥ karmānuṣṣṭhāna-sāmye 'pi kartṛtvābhimāna-tad-abhāvābhyāṃ viśeṣaṃ darśayan saktāḥ karmaṇīti-ślokārthaṃ vivṛṇoti dvābhyāṃ prakṛter iti | prakṛtir māyā sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-mayī mithyā-jñānātmikā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ iti śruteḥ | tasyāḥ prakṛter guṇair vikāraiḥ kārya-kāraṇa-rūpaiḥ kriyamāṇāni laukikāni vaidikāni ca karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair ahaṅkāreṇa kārya-kāraṇa-saṃghātātma-pratyayena vimūḍhaḥ svarūpa-vivekāsamartha ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya so 'haṅkāra-vimūḍhātmānātmany ātmābhimānī tāni karmāṇi kartāham iti karomy aham iti manyate kartṛtvādhyāsena | kartāham iti tṛn-pratyayaḥ | tena na lokāvyaya-niṣṭhā-khal-artha-tṛṇām [Pāṇ 2.3.69] iti ṣaṣṭhī-pratiṣedhaḥ ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yadi vidvān api karma kuryāt, tarhi vidvad-aviduṣoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? ity āśaṅkya tayor viśeṣaṃ darśayati prakṛter iti dvābhyām | prakṛter guṇaiḥ kāryair indriyaiḥ sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāreṇa kriyamāṇāni yāni karmāṇi tāny aham eva kartā karomīty avidvān manyate ||27||

baladevaḥ : karmitva-sāmye 'pi vijñājñayor viśeṣam āha prakṛter iti dvābhyām | ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā jano 'haṃ karmāṇi karteti manyate | na lokāvyaya-niṣṭhā iti sūtrāt ṣaṣṭhī-niṣedhaḥ | karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca | tāni kīdṛśānīty āha prakṛter īśa-māyāyā guṇais tat-kāryair śarīrendriya-prāṇair īśvara-pravartitaiḥ kriyamāṇānīti | idam eva veditavyam - upakrama-vinirṇayāt saṃvid-vapur-jīvātmāsmad-arthaḥ kartā cānādi-kāla-viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanākrāntas tad-bhogārthikāṃ sva-sannihitāṃ prakṛtim āśliṣṭas tat-kāryeṇāhaṅkāreṇa vimūḍhātmā tādṛśa-sva-vijñāna-śūnyaḥ śarīrādy-ahaṃ-bhāvavān prākṛtaiḥ śarīrādibhir īśena ca siddhāni karmāṇi mayaivaikena kṛtānīti manyate | kartur ātmano yat kartṛtvaṃ tat kila dehādibhis tribhiḥ paramātmanā ca sarva-pravartakena ca siddhyati | na tv ekena jīvenaiva | tac ca mayaiva siddhyatīti jīvo yan manyate tad ahaṅkāra-vimauḍhyād eva - adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā karthā [Gītā 18.14] ity ādikāc caramādhyāya-vākya-trayāt | kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate [Gītā 13.18] ity atra śarīrendriyādi-kartṛtvaṃ prakṛter iti yad varṇayiṣyate, tatrāpi kevalāyās tasyās tan na śakyaṃ mantum | puruṣa-saṃsargeṇaiva tat-pravṛtter aṅgīkārāt | tataś ca puruṣasya kartṛtvam avarjanīyam iti vyākhyāsyate ||27||

BhG 3.28

śrīdharaḥ : vidvāṃs tu na tathā manyate ity āha tattvavid iti | nāhaṃ guṇātmaka iti guṇebhya ātmano vibhāgaḥ | na me karmāṇīti karmabhyo 'py ātmano vibhāgaḥ | tayor guṇa-karma-vibhāgayor yas tattvaṃ vetti sa tu na kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ na karoti | tatra hetuḥ - guṇā iti | guṇā indriyāṇi guṇeṣu viṣayeṣu vartante nāham iti matvā ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ : vidvāṃs tu tathā na manyata ity āha tattvavid iti | tattvaṃ yāthātmyaṃ vettīti tattvavit | tu-śabdena tasyājñād vaiśiṣṭyam āha | kasya tattvam ity ata āha guṇa-karma-vibhāgayoḥ | guṇā dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇāny ahaṅkārāspadāni karmāṇi ca teṣāṃ vyāpāra-bhūtāni mama-kārāspadānīti guṇa-karmeti dvandvaikavad bhāvaḥ | vibhajyate sarveṣāṃ jaḍānāṃ vikāriṇāṃ bhāsakatvena pṛthag bhavatīti vibhāgaḥ sva-prakāśa-jñāna-rūpo 'saṅga ātmā | guṇa-karma ca vibhāgaś ceti dvandvaḥ | tayor guṇa-karma-vibhāgayor bhāsya-bhāsakayor jaḍa-caitanyayor vikāri-nirvikārayos tattvaṃ yāthātmyaṃ yo vetti sa guṇāḥ karaṇātmakā guṇeṣu viṣayeṣu pravartante vikāritvān na tu nirvikāra ātmeti matvā na sajjate saktiṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśam atattvavid iva na karoti | he mahābāho ! iti sambodhayan sāmudrikokta-sat-puruṣa-lakṣaṇa-yogitvān na pṛthag-jana-sādhāraṇyena tvam avivekī bhavitum arhasīti sūcayati |

guṇa-vibhāgasya karma-vibhāgasya ca tattvavid iti vā | asmin pakṣe guṇa-karmaṇor ity etāvataiva nirvāhe vibhāga-padasya prayojanaṃ cintyam ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : guṇa-karmaṇor yau vibhāgau tayos tattvaṃ vettīti saḥ | tatra guṇa-vibhāgaḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi | karma-vibhāgaḥ sattvādi-kārya-bhedā devatendriya-viṣayāḥ | tayos tattvaṃ svarūpaṃ | taj-jñas tu tattva-vit | guṇā devatāḥ prayojyānīndriyāṇi cakṣur-ādīni guṇeṣu rūpādiṣu viṣayeṣu vartante | ahaṃ tu na guṇaḥ, nāpi guṇa-kāryaḥ ko 'pi, nāpi guṇeṣu guṇa-kāryeṣu teṣu me ko 'pi sambandha iti matvā vidvāṃs tu na sajjate ||28||

baladevaḥ : vijñas tu na tathety āha tattva-vit tv iti | guṇa-vibhāgasya karma-vibhāgasya ca tattva-vit | guṇebhya indriyebhyaḥ karmabhyaś ca tat-kṛtebhyo yaḥ svayasa vibhāgo bhedas tasya tattvaṃ svarūpaṃ tat-tad-vaidharmya-paryālocanayā yo nāhaṃ guṇa-karma-vapuḥ iti vettīty arthaḥ | sa hi guṇā indriyāṇi guṇeṣu śabdādiṣu viṣayeṣu tat-tad-devatā-preritāni pravartante tān prakāśayanti | ahaṃ tv asaṅga-vijñānānandatvāt tad-bhinno, na teṣu tādrūpyeṇa varte, na tān prakāśayāmīti matvā teṣu na sajjante | kintv ātmany eva sajjate | atrāpi matvety anena kartṛtvaṃ jīvasyoktaṃ bodhyam ||28||

BhG 3.29

śrīdharaḥ : na buddhi-bhedam ity upasaṃharati prakṛter iti | ye prakṛter guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ saṃmūḍhāḥ santaḥ guṇeṣv indriyeṣu tat-karmasu ca sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido mandān manda-matīn kṛtsna-vit sarvajño na vicālayet ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ vidvad-aviduṣoḥ karmānuṣṭhāna-sāmyena vidvān aviduṣo buddhi-bhedaṃ na kuryād ity uktam upasaṃharati | prakṛteḥ pūrvoktāyā māyāyā guṇaiḥ kāryatayā dharmair dehādibhir vikāraiḥ samyaṅ mūḍhāḥ svarūpāsphuraṇena tān evātmatvena manyamānās teṣām eva guṇānāṃ dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇānāṃ karmasu vyāpāreṣu sajjante saktiṃ vayaṃ kurmas tat-phalāyeti dṛḍhatarām ātmīya-buddhiṃ kurvanti ye tān karma-saṅgino 'kṛtsna-vido 'nātmābhimānino madnān aśuddha-cittatvena jñā̆nādhikāram aprāptān kṛtsna-vit paripūrṇātmavit svayaṃ na vicālayet karma-śraddhāto na pracyāvayed ity arthaḥ | ye tv amandāḥ śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇās te svayam eva vivekodayena vicalanti jñānādhikāraṃ prāptā ity abhiprāyaḥ |

kṛtsnākṛtsna-śabdāv ātmānātma-paratayā śruty-arthānusāreṇa vārtika-kṛdbhir vyākhyātau -

yasmin dṛṣṭe 'py adṛṣṭo 'rthaḥ sa tad anyaś ca śiṣyate | tathādṛṣṭe 'pi dṛṣṭaḥ syād akṛtsnas tādṛg ucyate || iti |

anātmanaḥ sāvayavatvād aneka-dharmavattāc ca kenacid dharmeṇa kenacid avayavena vā viśiṣṭe tasminn ekasmin ghaṭādau jñāte 'pi dharmāntareṇa avayavāntareṇa vā viśiṣṭaḥ sa evājñāto 'vaśiṣyate | tad anyaś ca paṭādir ajñāto ' vaśiṣyata eva | tathā tasmin ghaṭādāv ajñāte 'pi paṭādir jñātaḥ syād iti taj-jñāne 'pi tasyānyasya cājñānāt tad-ajñāne æpy anya-jñānāc ca so 'kṛtsna ucyate | kṛtsnas tv advaya ātmaiva taj-jñāne kasyacid avaśeṣasyābhāvād iti śloka-dvayārthaḥ ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yadi jīvā guṇebhyo guṇa-kāryebhyaś ca pṛthag-bhūtās tad-asambandhās tarhi kathaṃ te viṣayeṣu sajjanto dṛśyante ? tatrāha prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhās tad-āveśāt prāpta-saṃmohā yathā bhūtāviṣṭo manuṣya ātmānaṃ bhūtam eva manyate, tathaiva prakṛti-guṇāviṣṭā jīvāḥ svān guṇān eva manyante | tato guṇa-karmasu guṇa-kāryeṣu viṣayeṣu sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido manda-matīn kṛtsna-vit sarvajño na vicālayet | tvaṃ guṇebhyaḥ pṛthag-bhūto jīvo na tu guṇaḥ iti vicāraṃ prāpayituṃ na yatate, kintu guṇāveśa-nivartakaṃ niṣkāma-karmaiva kārayet | na hi bhūtāviṣṭo manuṣyaḥ

baladevaḥ : na buddhi-bhedaṃ janayed ity etad upasaṃharati prakṛter iti | prakṛter guṇena tat-kāryeṇāhaṅkāreṇa mūḍhā bhūtāveśa-nyāyena dehādikam evātmānaṃ manyamānā janā guṇānāṃ dehendriyāṇāṃ karmasu vyāpāreṣu sajjante | tān akṛtsna-vido 'lpa-jñān mandān ātma-tattva-grahaṇālasān kṛtsna-vit pūrṇātma-jñāno na vicālayet guṇa-karmānyo viśuddha-caitanyānandas tvam iti tattvaṃ grāhayituṃ necchet, kintu tad-rucim anusṛtya vaidika-karmāṇi śreṇyākramād ātma-tattva-pravaṇaṃ cikīrsed iti bhāvaḥ ||29||

BhG 3.30

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ tattva-vido 'pi karma kartavyam | tvaṃ tu nādyāpi tattvavit | ataḥ karmaiva kurv ity āha mayīti | sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya samarpya | adhyātma-cetasā antaryāmy-adhīno 'haṃ karma karomīti dṛṣṭyā | nirāśī niṣkāmaḥ | ataeva mat-phala-sādhanaṃ mad-artham idaṃ karmety evaṃ mamatā-śūnyaś ca bhūtvā | vigata-jvaras tyakta-śokaś ca bhūtvā ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-sāmye 'py ajña-vijñeyoḥ kartṛtvābhiniveśa-tad-abhāvābhyāṃ viśeṣa uktaḥ | idānīm ajñasyāpi mumukṣor amumukṣv-apekṣayā bhagavad-arpaṇaṃ phalābhisandhy-abhāvaṃ ca viśeṣaṃ vadann ajñatayārjunasya karmādhikāraṃ draḍhayati mayīti | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve parameśvare sarvajñe sarva-niyantari sarvātmani sarvāṇi karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca sarva-prakārāṇi adhyātma-cetasāhaṃ kartāntaryāmy-adhīnas tasmā eveśvarāya rājña iva bhṛtyaḥ karmāṇi karomīty anayā buddhyā saṃnyasya samarpya nirāśīr niṣkāmo nirmamo deha-putra-bhrātrādiṣu svīyeṣu mamatā-śūnyo vigata-jvaraḥ | santāpa-hetutvāc choka eva jvara-śabdenoktaḥ | aihika-pāratrika-duryaśo-naraka-pātādi-nimitta-śoka-rahitaś ca bhūtvā tvaṃ mumukṣur yudhyasva vihitāni karmāṇi kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ | atra bhagavad-arpaṇaṃ niṣkāmatvaṃ ca sarva-karma-sādhāraṇaṃ mumukṣoḥ | nirmamatvaṃ tyakta-śokatvaṃ ca yuddha-mātre prakṛta iti draṣṭavyam anyatra mamatāśokayor aprasaktatvāt ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tvaṃ mayy adhyātma-cetasātmanīty arthaḥ | evam adhyātmam avyayībhāva-samāsāt | tataś ca ātmani yac cetas tad-adhyātma-cetas tenātma-niṣṭhenaiva cetasā, na tu viṣaya-niṣṭhenety arthaḥ | mayi karmāṇi saṃnyasya samarpya nirāśīr niṣkāmo nirmamaḥ sarvatra mamatā-śūnyo yudhyasva ||30||

baladevaḥ : mayīti | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt pariniṣṭhitas tvam adhyātma-cetaḥ svātma-tattva-viṣayaka-jñānena sarvāṇi karmāṇi rājñi bhṛtya iva mayi pareśe saṃnyasya samarpayitvā yudhyasva | kartṛtvābhiniveśa-śūnyaḥ | yathā rāja-tantro bhṛtyas tad-ājñayā karmāṇi karoti, tathā mat-tantras tvaṃ mad-ājñayā tāni kuru lokān saṃjighṛkṣuḥ | ātmani yac cetas tad adhyātma-cetas tena | vibhakty-arthe 'vyayībhāvaḥ | nirāśīḥ svāmy-ājñayā karomīti tat-phalecchā-śūnyaḥ | ataeva mat-phala-sādhanāni mad-artham amūni karmāṇīty evaṃ mamatva-varjjitaḥ | vigata-jvaras tyakta-bandhu-vadha-nimittaka-santāpaś ca bhūtveti | arjunasya kṣatriyatvād yudhyasvety uktam | svāśrama-vihitāni

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ karmānuṣṭhāne guṇam āha ye ma iti | mad-vākye śraddhāvanto |nasūyanto duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayatīti doṣa-dṛṣṭim akurvantaś ca me madīyam idaṃ matam anutiṣṭhanti te 'pi śanaiḥ karma kurvāṇāḥ samyag jñānivat karmabhir mucyante ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : phalābhisandhi-rāhityena bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā vihita-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa mukti-phalam ity āha ye ma iti | idaṃ phalābhisandhi-rāhityena vihita-karmācaraṇa-rūpaṃ mama matam nityam nitya-veda-bodhitatvenānādi-paramparā-gatam āvaśyakam iti vā sarvadeti vā | mānavāḥ manuṣyā ye kecin manuṣyādhikāritvāt karmaṇāṃ śraddhāvantaḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭe 'rthe 'nanubhūte 'py evam evaitad iti viśvāsaḥ śraddhā tadvantaḥ | anasūyanto guṇeṣu doṣāviṣkaraṇam asūyā | sā ca duḥkhātmake karmaṇi māṃ pravartayann akāruṇiko 'yam ity evaṃrūpā prakṛte prasaktā

baladevaḥ : śruti-rahasye svamate 'nuvartināṃ phalaṃ vadan tasya śraiṣṭhyaṃ vyañjayati ye ma iti | nityaṃ sarvadā śruti-bodhitatvenānādi-prāptaṃ vā | śraddhāvanto dṛḍha-viśvastāḥ | anasūyanto mocakatva-guṇavati tasmin kim amunā śrama-bahulena niṣphalena karmaṇety evaṃ doṣāropa-śūnyāḥ | te 'pīty apir avadhāraṇe | yad vā, ye mamedaṃ matam anutiṣṭhanti ye cānuṣṭhātum aśaknuvanto 'pi tatra śraddhālavaḥ, ye ca śraddhālavo 'pi tan nāsūyante te 'pīty arthaḥ | sāmpratānuṣṭhānābhāve 'pi tasmin śraddhayānasūyayā ca kṣīṇa-doṣās te kiṃcit prānte tad anuṣṭhāya mucyante iti bhāvaḥ ||31||

BhG 3.32

śrīdharaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv etad iti | ye tu nānutiṣṭhanti tān acetaso viveka-śūnyān ataeva sarvasmin karmaṇi brahma-viṣaye ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vimūḍhān naṣṭān viddhi ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam anvaye guṇam uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha ye tv iti | tu-śabdaḥ śraddāvad-vaidharymyam aśraddhāṃ sūcayati | tena ye nāstikyād aśraddadhānā abhyasūyanto doṣam udbhāvayanta etan mama mataṃ nānuvartante tān acetaso duṣṭa-cittān ataeva sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhān sarvatra karmaṇi brahmaṇi sa-guṇe nirguṇe ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vividhaṃ pramāṇataḥ prameyataḥ prayojanataś ca mūḍhān sarva-prakāreṇāyogyān naṣṭān sarva-puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭān viddhi jānīhi ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv iti |

baladevaḥ : vipakṣe doṣam āha ye tv etad iti | ye tu nānutiṣṭhanti tān acetaso viveka-śūnyān ataeva sarvasmin karmaṇi brahma-viṣaye ca yaj jñānaṃ tatra vimūḍhān naṣṭān viddhi ||32||

BhG 3.33

śrīdharaḥ : nanu tarhi mahā-phalatvād indriyāṇi nigṛhya niṣkāmāḥ santaḥ sarve 'pi svadharmam eva kiṃ nānutiṣṭhanti ? tatrāha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtiḥ prācīna-karma-saṃskārādhīnaḥ svabhāvaḥ | svasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ svabhāvasya sadṛśam anurūpam eva guṇa-doṣa-jñānavān api ceṣṭate | kiṃ punar vaktavyam ajñaś ceṣṭata iti | yasmād bhūtāni sarve 'pi prāṇinaḥ prakṛtiṃ yānty anuvartante | evaṃ ca sati indriya-nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ? prakṛter balīyastvād ity arthaḥ ||33||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu rājña iva tava śāsanātikrame bhayaṃ paśyantaḥ katham asūyantas tava mataṃ nānuvartante kathaṃ vā sarva-puruṣārtha-sādhane pratikūlā bhavantīty ata āha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtir nāma prāg-janma-kṛta-dharmādharma-jñānecchādi-saṃskāro vartamāna-janmany abhivyaktaḥ sarvato balavān taṃ vidyā-karmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrva-prajñā ca iti śruti-pramāṇakaḥ | tasyāḥ svakīyāyāḥ prakṛteḥ sadṛśam anurūpam eva sarvo jantur jñānavān brahmavid api paśv-ādibhiś cāviśeṣāt iti nyāyāt | guṇa-doṣa-jñānavān vā ceṣṭate kiṃ punar mūrkhaḥ | tasmād bhūtāni sarve prāṇinaḥ prakṛtiṃ yānty anuvartante puruṣārtha-bhraṃśa-hetu-bhūtām api | tatra mama vā rājño vā nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati | rāgautkaṭyena duritān nivartayituṃ na śaknotīty arthaḥ | mahā-naraka-sādhanatvaṃ jñātvāpi durvāsanā-prābalyāt pāpeṣu pravartamānā na mac-chvāsanātikrama-doṣād bibhyatīti bhāvaḥ ||3.33||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu rājña iva tava parameśvarasya matam ananutiṣṭhanto rāja-kṛtād iva tva-kṛtān nigrahāt kiṃ na vibhāti ? satyam | ye khalu indriyāṇi cārayanto vartante, te vivvekino 'pi rājñaḥ parameśvarasya ca śāsanaṃ mantuṃ na śaknuvanti | tathaiva teṣāṃ svabhāvo 'bhūd ity āha sadṛśam iti | jñānavān api evaṃ pāpe kṛte saty evaṃ narako bhaviṣyaty evaṃ rāja-daṇḍo bhaviṣyati | evaṃ duryaśaś ca bhaviṣyatīti vivekavān api svasyāḥ prakṛteḥ cirantana-pāpābhyāsottha-duḥkha-bhārasya sadṛśam anurūpam eva ceṣṭate | tasmāt prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ yānty anusaranti | tatra nigrahas tac-chāstra-dvārā mat-kṛto rāja-kṛto vā tenāśuddha-cittān ukta-lakṣaṇo niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ śuddha-cittān jñāna-yogaś ca saṃskartuṃ prabodhayituṃ ca śaknoti, na tv atyantāśuddha-cittān, kintu tān api pāpiṣṭha-svabhāvān yādṛcchika-mat-kṛpottha-bhakti-yoga eva uddhartuṃ prabhavet | yad uktaṃ skānde -

baladevaḥ : nanu sarveśvarasya te matam atikramatāṃ daṇḍaḥ śāstreṇocyate tasmāt te kim u na bibhyati ity āha sadṛśam iti | prakṛtir anādi-kāla-pravṛttyā sva-durvāsanā tasyāḥ svīyāyāḥ sadṛśam anurūpam eva jñānavān śāstroktaṃ daṇḍaṃ jānann api janaś ceṣṭate pravartate kim utājñaḥ | tato bhūtāni sarve janāḥ prakṛtiṃ puruṣārtha-vibhraṃśa-hetu-bhūtām api tāṃ yānty anusaranti | tatra nigrahaḥ śāstra-jñāno 'pi daṇḍaḥ sat-prasaṅga-śūnyasya kiṃ kariṣyati ? durvāsanāyāḥ prābalyatāṃ nivartayituṃ na śakṣyatīty arthaḥ | sat-prasaṅga-sahitasya tu tāṃ prabalām api nihanti - santa evāsya chindanti mano-vyasanam uktibhiḥ [BhP 11.26.26] ity ādi smṛtibhyaḥ ||33||

BhG 3.34

śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ prakṛty-adhīneva cet puruṣasya pravṛttis tarhi vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrasya vaiyarthyaṃ prāptam ity āśaṅkyāha indriyasyeti | indriyasyendriyasyeti-vīpsayā sarveṣām indriyāṇāṃ praty ekam ity uktam | arthe sva-sva-viṣaye 'nukūle rāgaḥ pratikūle dveṣa ity evaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv avaśyaṃ bhāvinau | tataś ca tad-anurūpā pravṛttir iti bhūtānāṃ prakṛtiḥ | tathāpi tayor vaśavartī na bhaved iti śāstreṇa niyamyate | hi yasmād | asya mumukṣos tau parinpanthinau pratipakṣau | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - viṣaya-smaraṇādinā rāga-dveṣaāv utpādyānavahitaṃ puruṣam anarthe 'tigambhīre srotasīva prakṛtir balā pravartayati | śāstraṃ tu tataḥ prāg eva viṣayeṣu rāga-dveṣa-pratibandhake parameśvara-bhajanādau taṃ pravartayati | tataś ca gambhīra-srotaḥ-pātāt pūrvam eva nāvam āśrita iva nānarthaṃ prāpnoti | tad evaṃ svābhāvikī paśv-ādi-sadṛśīṃ pravṛttiṃ tyaktvā dharme pravartitavyam ity uktam ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarvasya prāṇi-vargasya prakṛti-vaśa-vartitve laukika-vaidika-puruṣakāra-viṣayābhāvād vidhi-niṣedhārthakyaṃ prāptaṃ, na ca prakṛti-śūnyaḥ kaścid asti yaṃ prati tad-arthavattvaṃ syād ity ata āha indriyasyendriyasyārthe iti | indriyasyendriyasyeti vīpsayā sarveṣām indriyāṇām arthe viṣaye śabde sparśe rūpe gandhe ca | evaṃ karmendriya-viṣaye 'pi vacanādāv anukūle śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi rāgaḥ pratikūle śāstra-vihite 'pi dveṣa ity evaṃ pratīndriyārthaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv ānukūlya-prātikūlya-vyavasthayā sthitau na tv aniyamena sarvatra tau bhavataḥ | tatra puruṣakārasya śāstrasya cāyaṃ viṣayo yat tayor vaśaṃ nāgacched iti | kathaṃ yā hi puruṣasya prakṛtiḥ sā balavad aniṣṭānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñāna-nibandhanaṃ rāgaṃ puraskṛtyaiva śāstra-niṣiddhe kalañja-bhakṣaṇādau pravartayati | tathā balavad-aniṣṭānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñāna-nibandhanaṃ rāgaṃ puraskṛtyaiva śāstra-niṣiddhe kalañja-bhakṣaṇādau pravartayati | tatra śāstreṇa pratiṣiddhasya balavad aniṣṭānubandhitve jñāpite sahakārya-bhāvāt kevalaṃ dṛṣṭeṣṭa-sādhanatājñānaṃ madhu-viṣa-saṃpṛktānna-bhojana iva tatra na rāgaṃ janayituṃ śaknoti | evaṃ vihitasya śāstreṇa balavad iṣṭānubandhitve bodhite sahakārya-bhāvāt kevalam aniṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānaṃ bhojanādāv iva tatra na dveṣaṃ janayituṃ śaknoti | tataś cāpratibaddhaṃ śāstraṃ vihite puruṣaṃ pravartayati niṣiddhāc ca nivartayatīti śāstrīya-viveka-vijñāna-prābalyena svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣayoḥ kāraṇopamardenopamardān na prakṛtir viparīta-mārge puruṣaṃ śāstra-dṛṣṭiṃ pravartayituṃ śaknotīti na śāstrasya puruṣakārasya ca vaiyarthya-porasaṅgaḥ |

tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet tad-adhīno na pravarteta nivarteta vā kintu śāstrīya-tad-vipakṣa-jñānena tat-kāraṇa-vighaṭana-dvārā tau nāśayet | hi yasmāt tau rāga-dveṣau svābhāvika-doṣa-prayuktāv asya puruṣasya śreyo 'rhtinaḥ paripanthinau śatrū śreyo-mārgasya vighna-kartārau dasyū iva pathikasya | idaṃ ca dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca tataḥ kānīyasā eva devā jyāyasā asurās ta eṣu lokeṣv aspardhanta ity ādi-śrutau svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣa-nimitta-śāstra-viparīta-pravṛttim asuratvena śāstrīya-pravṛttiṃ ca devatvena nirūpya vyākhyātam ativistareṇety uparamyate ||34||

viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād duḥsvabhāveṣu lokeṣu vidhi-niṣedha-śāstraṃ na prabhavati, tasmād yāvat pāpābhyāsottha-duḥsvabhāvo nābhūt tāvad yatheṣṭam indriyāṇi na cārayed ity āha indriyasendriyasyeti vīpsā pratyekam | sarvendriyāṇām arthe sva-sva-viṣaye para-strī-mātra-gātra-darśana-sparśana-tat-sampradānaka-dravya-dānādau śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi rāgas tathā guru-vipra-tīrthātithi-darśana-sparśana-paricaraṇa-tat-sampradānaka-dhana-vitaraṇādau śāstra-vihite 'pi dveṣa ity etau viśeṣaṇāvasthitau vartete | tayor vaśam adhīnatvaṃ na prāpnuyāt | yad vā, indriyārthe strī-darśanādau rāgas tat-pratighāte kenacit kṛte sati dveṣa ity asya puruṣārtha-sādhakasya kvacit tu mano 'nukūle 'rthe surasa-snigdhānnādau rāgo manaḥ pratikūle 'rthe virasa-rukṣānnādau dveṣas tathā sva-putrādi-darśana-śravaṇādau rāgo vairi-putrādi-darśana-śravaṇādau dveṣaḥ | tayor vaśaṃ na gacched ity vyācakṣate ||34||

baladevaḥ : nanu prakṛty-adhīnā cet puṃsāṃ pravṛttis tarhi vidhi-niṣedha-śāstre vyartha iti cet tatrhā indriyasyendriyasyeti | vīpsayā sarveṣām ity uktam | tataś ca jñānendriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnām arthe viṣaye śabdādau, karmendriyāṇām ca vāg-ādīnām arthe vacanādau rāgaḥ, pratikūle śāstra-vihite 'pi sat-sambhāṣaṇa-sat-sevana-sat-tīrthāgamanādau dveṣa ity evaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitau cānukūlya-prātikūlye vyavasthayā sthitau bhavato na tv aniyamenety arthaḥ | yadyapi tad-anuguṇā prāṇināṃ pravṛttis tathāpi śreyo-lipsur janas tayo rāga-dveṣayor vaśaṃ nāgacchet | hi yasmāt tāv asya paripanthinau vighna-kartārau bhavataḥ pānthasyeva dasyū | etad uktaṃ bhavati - anādi-kāla-pravṛttā hi vāsanā niṣṭhānubandhitva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛteneṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānena niṣiddhe 'pi para-dāra-sambhāṣaṇādau rāgam utpādya puṃsaḥ pravartayati | tatheṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānābhāva-sahakṛtenāniṣṭa-sādhanatva-jñānena vihite 'pi sat-sambhāṣaṇādau dveṣam utpādya tatas tān nivartayati | śāstraṃ kila sat-prasaṅga-śrutam aniṣṭānubhandhitva-bodhanena niṣiddhān mano 'nukūlād api nivartayati dveṣam utpādya | iṣṭānubandhitva-bodhanena vihite manaḥ-pratikūle 'pi rāgam utpādya pravartayatīti na vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrayor vaiyarthyam iti ||34||

BhG 3.35

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi sva-dharmasya yuddhāder duḥkha-rūpasya yathāvat kartum aśakyatvāt para-dharmasya cāhiṃsādeḥ sukaratvād dharmatvāviśeṣāc ca tatra pravartitum icchantaḥ praty āha śreyān iti | kiṃcid aṅga-hīno 'pi sva-dharmaḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | svanuṣṭhitāt sakalāṅga-sampūrtyā kṛtād api para-dharmāt sakāśāt | tatra hetuḥ - sva-dharme yuddhādau pravartamānasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreṣṭhaṃ svargādi-prāpakatvāt | para-dharmas tu bhayāvaho niṣiddhatvena naraka-prāpakatvāt ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣa-prayukta-paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇa-pravṛtti-prahāṇena śāstrīyam eva karma kartavyaṃ cet tarhi yat sukaraṃ bhikṣāśanādi tad eva kriyatāṃ kim ati-duḥkhāvahena yuddhenety ata āha śreyān iti | śreyān praśasyataraḥ sva-dharmo yaṃ varṇāśramaṃ vā prati yo vihitaḥ sa tasya sva-dharmo viguṇo 'pi sarvāṅgopasaṃhāram antareṇa kṛto 'pi para-dharmāt svaṃ praty avihitāt svanuṣṭhitāt sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇa sampāditād api | na hi vedātirikta-māna-gamyo dharmaḥ, yena para-dharme 'py anuṣṭheyo dharmatvāt sva-dharmavad ity anumānaṃ tatra mānaṃ syāt | codana-lakṣaṇo 'rtho dharmaḥ iti nyāyāt | ataḥ sva-dharme kiṃcid aṅga-hīne 'pi sthitasya nidhanaṃ maraṇam api śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ para-dharma-sthasya jīvitād api | sva-dharma-sthasya nidhanaṃ hīha-loke kīrtyāvahaṃ para-loke ca svargādi-prāpakam | para-dharmas tu ihākīrti-karatvena paratra naraka-pradatvena ca bhayāvaho yato 'to rāga-dveṣādi-prayukta-svābhāvika-pravṛttivat para-dharmo 'pi heya evety arthaḥ |

evaṃ tāvad bhagavan-matāṅgīkāriṇāṃ śreyaḥ-prāptis tad-anaṅgīkāriṇāṃ ca śreyo-mārga-bhraṣṭatvam uktam | śreyo-mārga-bhraṃśena phalābhisandhi-pūrvaka-kāmya-karmācaraṇe ca kevala-pāpa-mātrācaraṇe ca bahūni kāraṇāni kathitāni ye tv etad abhyasūyanta ity ādinā | tatrāyaṃ saṅgraha-ślokaḥ -

śraddhā-hānis tathāsūyā duṣṭa-cittatvam ūḍhate | prakṛter vaśa-vartitvaṃ rāga-dveṣau ca puṣkalau |

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca yuddha-rūpasya yathāvad rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityena kartum aśakyatvāt para-dharmasya cāhiṃsādeḥ sukaratvād dharmatvāviśeṣāc ca tatra pravartitum icchantaṃ praty āha śreyān iti | viguṇaḥ kiṃcid doṣa-viśiṣṭo 'pi samyag anuṣṭhātum aśakyo 'pi para-dharmāt svanuṣṭhitāt sādhv evānuṣṭhātuṃ śakyād api sarva-guṇa-pūrṇād api sakāśāt śreyān | tatra hetuḥ - svadharma ity ādi |

vidharmaḥ para-dharmaś ca ābhāsa upamā chalaḥ | adharma-śākhāḥ pañcemā dharma-jño 'dharmavat tyajet || [BhP 7.15.12] iti saptamokteḥ ||35||

baladevaḥ : nanu sva-prakṛti-nirmitāṃ rāga-dveṣa-mayīṃ paśv-ādi-sādhāraṇīṃ pravṛttiṃ vihāya śāstrokteṣu dharmeṣu vartitavyam ity uktam | dharma-hṛd-viśuddhau tādṛśa-pravṛttir nivartena, dharmāś ca yuddhādivad ahiṃsādayo 'pi śāstreṇoktāḥ | tasmād rāga-dveṣa-rāhityena kartum aśakyād yuddhāder ahiṃsā-śiloñcha-vṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharma uttama iti cet tatrāha śreyān iti |

yasya varṇasyāśramasya ca yo dharmo vedena vihitaḥ, sa ca viguṇaḥ kiṃcid aṅga-vikalo 'pi svanuṣṭhitā sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇācaritād api para-dharmāt śreyān | yathā brāhmaṇasyāhiṃsādiḥ sva-dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya ca yuddhādiḥ | na hi dharmo vedātiriktena pramāṇena gamyate | cakṣur bhinnendriyeṇeva rūpam | yathāha jaiminiḥ - codanā-lakṣaṇo dharmaḥ iti | tatra hetuḥ - svadharme nidhanaṃ maraṇaṃ śreyaḥ pratyavāyābhāvāt para-janmani dharmācaraṇa-sambhavāc ceṣṭa-sādhakam ity arthaḥ | para-dharmas tu bhayāvaho 'niṣṭa-janakaḥ | taṃ praty avihitatvena pratyavāya-sambhavāt | na ca paraśurāme viśvāmitre cavyabhicāraḥ | tayos tat-tat-kulotpannāv api tat tac-coru-mahimnā tat-karmodayāt | tathāpi vigānaṃ kaṣṭaṃ ca tayoḥ smaryate | ataeva droṇādeḥ kṣātra-dharmo 'sakṛd vigītaḥ |

nanu daivarātyādeḥ kṣatriyasya pārivrājyaṃ śrūyate tataḥ katham ahiṃsādeḥ para-dharmatvam iti cet satyaṃ, pūrva-pūrvāśrama-dharmaiḥ kṣīṇa-vāsanayā pārivrājyādhikāre sati taṃ praty ahiṃsādeḥ sva-dharmatvena vihitatvāt | ataeva sva-dharme sthitasyeti yojyate ||35||

BhG 3.36

śrīdharaḥ : tayor na vaśam āgacchet [Gītā 3.34] ity uktam | tad etad aśakyaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca atheti | vṛṣṇer vaṃśe avatīrṇo vārṣṇeyaḥ | he vārṣṇeya ! anartha-rūpaṃ pāpaṃ kartum icchann api kena prayuktaḥ prerito 'yaṃ puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ carati ? kāma-krodhau viveka-balena niruddhato 'pi puruṣasya punaḥ pāpe pravṛtti-darśanāt | anyo 'pi tayor mūlabhūtaḥ kaścit pravartako bhaved iti sambhāvanayā praśnaḥ ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra kāmya-pratiṣiddha-karma-pravṛtti-kāraṇam apanudya bhagavan-matam anuvartituṃ tat-kāraṇāvadhāraṇāya arjuna uvāca atheti | dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ ity ādinā pūrvam anartha-mūlam uktam | sāmprataṃ ca prakṛter guṇa-saṃmūḍhā ity ādinā bahu-vistaraṃ kathitam | tatra kiṃ sarvāṇy api sama-prādhānyena kāraṇāni | athavaikam eva mukhyaṃ kāraṇam itarāṇi tu tat-sahakārīṇi kevalam | tatrādye sarveṣāṃ pṛthak pṛthaṅ nivāraṇe mahān prayāsaḥ syāt | antye tv ekasminn eva nirākṛte kṛta-kṛtyatā syād ity ato brūhi me kena hetunā prayuktaḥ prerito 'yaṃ tvan-matānanuvartī sarva-jñāna-vimūḍhaḥ puruṣaḥ pāpam anarthānubandhi sarvaṃ phalābhisandhi-puraḥ-saraṃ kāmyaṃ citrādi śatru-vadha-sādhanaṃ ca śyanādi pratiṣiddhaṃ ca kalañja-bhakṣaṇādi bahu-vidhaṃ karmācarati svayaṃ kartum anicchann api na tu nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ parama-puruṣārthānubandhi tvad-upadiṣṭaṃ karmecchann api karoti | na ca pāratantryaṃ vinetthaṃ sambhavati | ato yena balād iva niyojito rājñeva bhṛtyas tvan-mata-viruddhaṃ sarvānarthānubandhitvaṃ jānann api tādṛśaṃ karmācarati tam anartha-mārga-pravartakaṃ māṃ prati brūhi jñātvā samucchedāyety arthaḥ | he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-vaṃśe man-mātāmaha-kule

viśvanāthaḥ : yad uktaṃ rāga-dveṣau vyavasthitāv [Gītā 3.34] ity atra śāstra-niṣiddhe |pīndriyārthe para-strī-sambhāṣaṇādau rāga ity atra pṛcchati atheti | kena prayojaka-kartrānicchann api vidhi-niṣedha-śāstrārtha-jñānavattvāt pāpe pravartitum icchā-rahito 'pi balād iveti prayojaka-preraṇa-vaśāt prayojyasyāpīcchā samyag utpadyate iti bhāvaḥ ||36||

baladevaḥ : indriyasya ity ādau śāstra-niṣiddhe 'pi para-dāra-sambhāṣaṇādau rāgo vyavasthita iti yad uktaṃ tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati atha keneti | he vārṣṇeya vṛṣṇi-vaṃśodbhava ! śubhādibhyaś ceti prayuktaḥ preritaḥ pāpaṃ carati niṣedha-śāstrārtha-jñānāt tac-caritam anicchann api balād iveti | prayojakecchāpannatayā prayojye 'pīcchā prajāyate | sa kim īśvaraḥ, pūrva-saṃskāro vā ? tatrādyaḥ sākṣitvāt kāruṇikatvāc ca na pāpe prerakaḥ | na ca paro jaḍatvād iti praśnārthaḥ ||36||

BhG 3.37

śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca kāma eṣa krodha eṣa iti | yas tvayā pṛṣṭo hetur eva kāma eva | nanu krodho 'pi pūrvaṃ tvayoktam indriyasyendriyasyārtha ity atra | satyam | nāsau tataḥ pṛthak | kintu krodho 'py eṣaḥ | kāma eva hi kenacit pratihataḥ krodhātmanā pariṇamate | pūrvaṃ pṛthaktvenokto 'pi krodha-kāmaja evety abhiprāyeṇa ekīkṛtyocyate | rajo-guṇāt samudbhavatīti tathā | anena sattva-vṛddhyā rajasi kṣayaṃ nīte sati kāmo na jāyata iti sūcitam | enaṃ kāmam iha mokṣa-mārge vairiṇaṃ viddhi | ayaṃ ca vakṣyamāṇa-krameṇa hantavya eva | yato nāsau dānena sandhātuṃ śakya ity āha mahāśanaḥ | mahad-aśanaṃ yasya saḥ | duṣpūra ity arthaḥ | na ca sāmnā sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | yato mahā-pāpmā 'tyugraḥ ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunena pṛṣṭe atho khalv āhuḥ kāma-maya evāyaṃ puruṣa iti, ātmaivedam agra āsīd eka eva so 'kāmayata jāyā me syād atha prajāyeyātha vittaṃ me syād atha karma kurvīya ity ādi-śruti-siddham uttaram śrī-bhagavān uvāca kāma iti | yas tvayā pṛṣṭo hetur balād anartha-mārge pravartakaḥ sa eṣa kāma eva mahān śatruḥ | yan-nimittā sarvānartha-prāptiḥ prāṇinām |

nanu krodho 'py abhicārādau pravartako dṛṣṭa ity ata āha krodha eṣaḥ | kāma eva kenacid dhetunā pratihataḥ krodhatvena pariṇamate 'taḥ krodho 'py eṣa kāma eva | etasminn eva mahā-vairiṇi nivārite sarva-puruṣārtha-prāptir ity arthaḥ | tan-nivāraṇopāya-jñānāya tat-kāraṇam āha rajo-guṇa-samudbhavaḥ | duḥkha-pravṛtti-balātmako rajo-guṇa eva samudbhavaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya | ataḥ kāraṇānuvidhāyitvāt kāryasya so 'pi tathā | yadyapi tamo-guṇo 'pi tasya kāraṇaṃ tathāpi duḥkhe pravṛttau ca rajasa eva prādhānyāt tasyaiva nirdeśaḥ | etena sāttvikyā vṛttyā rajasi kṣīṇe so 'pi kṣīyata ity uktam |

athavā tasya katham anartha-mārge pravartakatvam ity ata āha rajo-guṇasya pravṛttyādi-lakṣaṇasya samudbhavo yasmāt | kāmo hi viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ svayam udbhūto rajaḥ pravartayan puruṣaṃ duḥkhātmake karmaṇi pravartayati | tenāyam avaśyaṃ hantavya ity abhiprāyaḥ |

nanu sāma-dāna-bheda-daṇḍāś catvāra upāyās tatra prathama-trikasyāsambhave caturtho daṇḍaḥ prayoktavyo na tu haṭhād evety āśaṅkya trayāṇām asambhavaṃ vaktuṃ viśinaṣṭi mahāśano mahā-pāpmeti | mahad aśanam asyeti mahāśanaḥ |

yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ | nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |

ato na dānena sandhātuṃ śakyaḥ | nāpi sāma-bhedābhyāṃ yato mahā-pāpmātyugraḥ | tena hi balāt prerito 'niṣṭa-phalam api jānan pāpaṃ karoti | ato viddhi jānīhi enaṃ kāmam iha saṃsāre vairiṇam |

tad etat sarvaṃ vivṛtaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ ātmaivedam agra āsīt iti śruti-vyākhyāne -

kāma eṣa krodha eṣa ity ādi-vacanaṃ smṛteḥ | pravartako nāparo 'taḥ kāmād anyaḥ pratīyate || iti |

akāmata iti manu-vacanam | anyat spaṣṭam ||37||

viśvanāthaḥ : eṣa kāma eva viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe pravartayati tenaiva prayuktaḥ puruṣaḥ pāpaṃ caratīty arthaḥ | eṣa kāma eva pṛthaktvena dṛśyamāna eṣa pratyakṣaḥ krodho bhavati | kāma eva kenacit pratihato bhūtvā krodhākāreṇa pariṇamatīty arthaḥ | kāmo rajo-guṇa-samudbhava iti rājasāt kāmād eva tāmasaḥ krodho jāyate ity arthaḥ | kāmasya apekṣita-pūraṇena nivṛttiḥ syād iti cen nety āha mahāśano mahad aśanaṃ yasya saḥ |

yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ | nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smṛteḥ |

kāmasyāpekṣitaṃ pūrayitum aśakyam eva | nanu dānena sandhātum aśakyaś cet sāma-bhedābhyāṃ sa sva-vaśīkartavyaḥ | tatrāha mahā-pāpmātyugraḥ ||37||

baladevaḥ : tatrāha bhagavān kāma iti | kāmaḥ prāktana-vāsanā-hetukaḥ śabdādi-viṣayako 'bhilāṣaḥ puruṣaṃ pāpe prerayati tad anicchum api so 'sya preraka ity arthaḥ | nanv abhicārādau krodho 'pi prerako dṛṣṭaḥ sa cendriyasyety ādaubhavatāpi pṛthag ukta iti cet, satyam | na sa tasmāt pṛthak, kintv eṣa kāma eva kenacic cetanena pratihataḥ krodho bhavati | dugdham ivāmlena yuktaṃ dadhi | kāma-jaya eva krodha-jaya iti bhāvaḥ | kīdṛśaḥ kāma ity āha rajo-guṇeti | sattva-vṛddhyā rajasi nirjite kāmo nirjitaḥ syād ity arthaḥ | na cāpekṣita-pradānena kāmasya nivṛttir ity āha mahāśana iti |

yat pṛthivyāṃ vrīhi-yavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ | nālam ekasya tat sarvam iti matvā śamaṃ vrajet || iti smaraṇāt |

na ca sāmnā bhedena vā sa vaśībhaved ity āha mahāpāpmeti | yo 'tyugro viveka-jñāna-vilopena niṣiddhe 'pi pravartayati tasmād iha dāna-yoge enaṃ vairiṇaṃ viddhi tathā ca jñānādibhis tribhir upāyaiḥ sandhātum aśakyatvād vakṣyamāṇena daṇḍena sa hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | īśvaraḥ karmāntaritaḥ parjanyavat sarvatra prerakaḥ | kāmas tu svayam eva pāpmāgre iti tathoktam ||37||

BhG 3.38

śrīdharaḥ : kāmasya vairitvaṃ darśayati dhūmeneti | dhūmena sahajena yathā vahnir āvriyata ācchādyate | yathā cādarśo malenāgantukena | yathā colbena garbhaveṣṭana-carmaṇā garbhaḥ sarvato niruddha āvṛtaḥ | tathāprakāra-trayeṇāpi tena kāmenāvṛtam idam ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : tasya mahā-pāpmatvena vairtvam eva dṛṣṭāntaiḥ spaṣṭayati dhūmeneti | tatra śarīrārambhāt prāg-antaḥ-karaṇa-sthālabdha-vṛttikatvāt sūkṣmaḥ kāmaḥ śarīrārambhakeṇa karmaṇā sthūla-śarīrāvacchinne labdha-vṛttike 'ntaḥkaraṇe kṛtābhivyaktiḥ san sthūlo bhavati | sa eva viṣayasya cintyamānatāvasthāyāṃ punaḥ punar udricyamānaḥ sthūlataro bhavati | sa eva punar viṣayasya bhujyamānatāvasthāyām atyantodrekaṃ prāptaḥ sthūlatamo bhavati | tatra prathamāvasthāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ -- yathā dhūmena sahajenāprakāśātmakena prakāśātmako vahnir āvriyate | dvitīyāvasthāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yathādarśo malenāsahajenādarśotpatty-anantaram udriktena | ca-kāro 'vāntara-vaidharmya-sūcanārtha āvriyata iti kriyānukarṣaṇārthaś ca | tṛtīyāvasthāyāṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yatholbena jarāyuṇā garbha-veṣṭana-carmaṇātisthūlena sarvato nirudhyāvṛtas tathā prakāra-trayeṇāpi tena kāmenedam āvṛtam |

atra dhūmenāvṛto 'pi vahnir dāhādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ karoti | malenāvṛtas tv ādarśaḥ pratibimba-grahaṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ svakāryaṃ na karoti | svacchatā-dharma-mātra-tirodhānāt svarūpatas tūpalabhyata eva | ulbenāvṛtas tu garbho na hasta-pādādi-prasāraṇa-rūpaṃ sva-kāryaṃ karoti na vā svarūpata upalabhyata iti viśeṣaḥ ||38||

viśvanāthaḥ : na ca kasyacid evāyaṃ vairy api tu sarvasyaiveti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha dhūmeneti | kāmasyāgāḍhatve gāḍhatve 'tigāḍhatve ca krameṇa dṛṣṭāntāḥ | dhūmenāvṛto 'pi malino vahnir dāhādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ tu karoti | malenāvṛto darpaṇaṃ tu svacchatā-dharma-tirodhānād bimba-grahaṇaṃ sva-kāryaṃ na karoti svarūpatas tūpalabhyate | ulbena jarāyūṇāvṛto garbhas tu sva-kāryaṃ kara-caraṇādi-prasāraṇaṃ na karoti, na vā svarūpata upalabhyata iti | evaṃ kāmasyāgāḍhatve paramārtha-smaraṇaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti | gāḍhatve na śaknotīti gāḍhatve tv acetanam eva syād idaṃ jagad eva ||38||

baladevaḥ : mṛdu-madhya-tīvra-bhāvena trividhasya kāmasya dhūma-malolbaneti krameṇa dṛṣṭāntān āha dhūmenet | yathā dhūmenāvṛto 'nujjvalo 'pi vahnir auṣṇādikaṃ kiṃcit karoti malenāvṛto darpaṇaḥ svacchatā-tirodhānāt pratibimbaṃ na śaknoti grahītum ulbena jarā-guṇāvṛto garbhas tu pādādi-prasārarṃ na śaknoti kartuṃ na copalabhyate | tathā mṛdunā kāmenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ kathaṃcit tattvārthaṃ grahītuṃ śaknoti madhyenāvṛtaṃ na śaknoti | tīvreṇāvṛtaṃ tu prasartum api na śaknoti, na ca pratīyata ity arthaḥ ||38||

BhG 3.39

śrīdharaḥ : idaṃ śabda-nirdiṣṭaṃ darśayan vairitvaṃ sphuṭayati āvṛtam iti | idaṃ viveka-jñānam etena āvṛtam | ajñasya khalu bhoga-samaye kāmaḥ sukha-hetur eva | pariṇāme tu vairitvaṃ pratipadyate | jñāninaḥ punas tat-kālam apy anarthānusandhānād duḥkha-hetur eveti nitgya-vairiṇety uktam | kiṃ ca viṣayaiḥ pūryamāṇo 'pi yo duṣpūraḥ | āpūryamāṇaṃ tu śoka-santāpa-hetutvād anala-tulyaḥ | anena sarvān prati nitya-vairitvam uktam ||39||

madhusūdanaḥ : tathā tenedam āvṛtam iti saṅgraha-vākyaṃ vivṛṇoty āvṛtam iti | jñāyate 'neneti jñānam antaḥkaraṇaṃ viveka-vijñānaṃ veda-śabda-nirdiṣṭam etena kāmenāvṛtam | tathāpy āpātataḥ sukha-hetutvād upādeyaḥ syād ity ata āha jñānino nitya-vairiṇā | ajño hi viṣaya-bhoga-kāle kāmaṃ mitram iva paśyaṃs tat-kārye duḥkhe prāpte vairitvaṃ jānāti kāmenāhaṃ duḥkhitvam āpādita iti | jñānī tu bhoga-kāle 'pi jānāty anenāham anarthe praveśita iti | ato vivekī duḥkhī bhavati bhoga-kāle ca tat-pariṇāme cāneneti jñānino 'sau nitya-vairīti sarvathā tena hantavya evety arthaḥ |

tarhi kiṃ svarūo 'sāv ity ata āha kāma-rūpeṇa | kāma icchā tṛṣṇā saiva rūpaṃ yasya tena | he kaunteyeti sambandhāviṣkāreṇa premāṇaṃ sūcayati | nanu vivekino hantavyo 'py avivekina upādeyaḥ syād ity ata āha duṣpūreṇānalena ca | ca-kāra upamārthaḥ | na vidyate 'laṃ paryāptir yasyety analo vahniḥ | sa yathā haviṣā pūrayitum aśakyas tathāyam api bhogenety arthaḥ | ato nirantaraṃ santāpa-hetutvād vivekina ivāvivekino 'pi heya evāsau | tathā ca smṛtiḥ -

na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati |

athavecchāyā viṣaya-siddhi-nivartyatvād icchā-rūpaḥ kāmo viṣaya-bhogena svayam eva nivartiṣyate kiṃ tatrāti-nirbandhenety ata uktaṃ duṣpūreṇānalena ceti | viṣaya-siddhyā tat-kālam icchātirodhāne 'pi punaḥ prādurbhāvān na viṣaya-siddhir icchā-nivartikā | kintu viṣaya-doṣa-dṛṣṭir evatatheti bhāvaḥ ||39||

viśvanāthaḥ : kāma eva hi jīvasyāvidyety āha āvṛtam iti | nitya-vairiṇy ato 'sau sarva-prakāreṇa hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | kāma-rūpeṇa kāmākāreṇājñānenety arthaḥ | ca-kāra ivārthe | analo yathā haviṣā pūrayitum acakyas tathā kāmo 'pi bhogenety arthaḥ | yad uktam - na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati | haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate || [BhP 9.19.14] iti ||39||

baladevaḥ : uktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati āvṛtam iti | anena kāma-rūpeṇa nitya-vairiṇā jñānino jīvasya jñānam āvṛtam iti sambandhaḥ | ajñasya viṣaya-bhoga-samaye sukhatvāt suhṛd api kāmas tat-kārye duḥkhe sati vairḥ syād vijñasya tu tat-samaye 'pi duḥkhānusandhānād duḥkha-hetur eveti nitya-vairiṇety uktiḥ | tasmāt sarvathā hantavya iti bhāvaḥ | kiṃ ca duṣpūreṇeti | ca-śabda ivārthaḥ | tatrānalo yathā haviṣā pūrayitum aśakyas tathā bhogena kāma ity arthaḥ | smṛtiś caivam āha-

na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāṃyati |

BhG 3.40

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ tasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ kathayan jayopāyam āha indriyāṇīti dvābhyām | viṣaya-darśana-śravaṇādibhiḥ saṃkalpenādhyavasāyena ca kāmasya āvirbhāvād indriyāṇi ca manaś ca buddhiś cāsyādhiṣṭhānam ucyate | etair indriyādibhir darśanādi-vyāpāravadbhir āśraya-bhūtair viveka-jñānam āvṛtya dehinaṃ vimohayati ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : jñāte hi śatror adhiṣṭhāne sukhena sa jetuṃ śakyata iti tad-adhiṣṭhānam āha indriyāṇīti | indriyāṇi śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandha-grāhakāṇi śrotrādīni vacanādāna-gamana-visargānanda-janakāni vāg-ādīni ca | manaḥ saṅkalpātmakaṃ buddhir adhyavasāyātmikā ca | asya kāmasyādhiṣṭhānam āśraya ucyate | yata etair indriyādibhiḥ sva-sva-vyāpāravadbhir āśrayair vimohayati vividhaṃ mohayati eṣa kāmo jñānam viveka-jñānam āvṛtyācchādya dehinaṃ dehābhimāninam ||40||

viśvanāthaḥ : kvāsau tiṣṭhaty ata āha indriyāṇīti | asya vairiṇaḥ kāmasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ mahā-durga-rājadhānyaḥ | śabdādayo viṣayās tu tasya rājño deśā iti bhāvaḥ | etair indriyādibhir dehinaṃ jīvam ||40||

baladevaḥ : vairiṇaḥ kāmasya durgeṣu nirjiteṣu tasya jayaḥ sukara iti tāny āha indriyāṇīti | viṣaya-śravaṇādinā saṅkalpenādhyavasāyena ca kāmasyābhivyakteḥ śrotrādīni ca manaś ca buddhiś ca tasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ mahā-durga-rājadhānī-rūpaṃ bhavati viṣayās tu tasya tasya janapadā bodhyāḥ | etair viṣaya-saṃcāribhir indriyādibhir dehinaṃ prakṛti-sṛṣṭa-dehavantaṃ jīvam ātma-jñānodyatam eṣa kāmo vimohayati ātma-jñāna-vimukhaṃ viṣaya-rasa-pravaṇaṃ ca karotīty arthaḥ ||40||

BhG 3.41

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | tasmād ādau vimohāt pūrvam evendriyāṇi mano buddhiṃ ca niyamya pāpmānaṃ pāpa-rūpam enaṃ kāmaṃ hi sphuṭaṃ prajahi ghātaya | yad vā prajahihi parityaja | jñānam ātma-viṣayaṃ | vijñānaṃ nididhyāsanajam | tam eva dhīro vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta iti śruteḥ ||41||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evam | yasmād indriyādhiṣṭhānaḥ kāmo dehinaṃ mohayati tasmāt tvam ādau mohanāt pūrvaṃ kāma-nirodhāt pūrvam iti vā | indriyāṇi śrotrādīni niyamya vaśīkṛtya | teṣu hi vaśīkṛteṣu mano-buddhyor api vaśīkaraṇaṃ sidhyati saṅkalpādhyavasāyayor bāhyendriya-pravṛtti-dvāraivānartha-hetutvāt | ata indriyāṇi mano buddhir iti pūrvaṃ pṛthaṅ-nirdiśyāpīhendriyāṇīty etāvad uktam | indriyatvena tayor api saṅgraho vā | he bharatarṣabha mahā-vaṃśa-prabhūtatvena samartho 'si | pāpmānaṃ sarva-pāpa-mūla-bhūtam enaṃ kāmaṃ vairiṇaṃ prajahihi parityaja hi sphuṭaṃ prajahi prakarṣeṇa mārayeti vā | jahi śatrum ity upasaṃhārāc ca | jñānaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśa-jaṃ parokṣaṃ vijñānam aparokṣaṃ tat-phalaṃ tayor jñāna-vijñānayoḥ śreyaḥ-prāpti-hetvor nāśanam ||41||

viśvanāthaḥ : vairiṇaḥ khalv āśraye jite sati vairī jīyata iti nītir ataḥ kāmasyāśrayeṣv indriyādiṣu yathottaraṃ durjayatvādhikyam | ataḥ prathama-prāptānīndriyāṇi durjayāny apy uttarāpekṣayā sujayāni | prathamaṃ te jīyantām ity āha tasmād iti | indriyāṇi niyamyena yadyapi para-strī-para-dravyādy-apaharaṇe durnivāraṃ mano gacchaty eva | tad api tatra tatra netra-śrotra-kara-caraṇādīndriya-vyāpāra-stha-gaṇanād indriyāṇi na gamayety arthaḥ | pāpmānam atyugraṃ kāmaṃ jahītīndriya-vyāpārastha-gaṇanam atikālena mano 'pi kāmād vicyutaṃ bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||41||

baladevaḥ : yasmād ayaṃ kāma-rūpo vairī nikhilendriya-vyāpāra-virati-rūpāyātma-jñānāyodyatasya viṣaya-rasa-pravaṇair indriyair jñānam āvṛṇoti tasmāt prakṛti-sṛṣṭa-dehādimāṃs tvam ādāv ātma-jñānodayāyārambha-kāla evendriyāṇi sarvāṇi tad-vyāpāra-rūpe niṣkāme karma-yoge niyamya pravaṇāni kṛtvā enaṃ pāpmānaṃ kāmaṃ śatruṃ prajahi vināśaya | hi yasmāj jñānasya śāstrīyasya dehādi-viviktātma-viṣayakasya vijñānasya ca tādṛg-ātmānubhavasya nāśanam āvarakam ||41||

BhG 3.42

śrīdharaḥ : yatra citta-praṇidhānena indriyāṇi niyantuṃ śakyante, tad ātma-svarūpaṃ dehādibhyo vivicya darśayati indriyāṇīti | indriyāṇi dehādibhyo grāhyebhyaḥ parāṇi śreṣṭhāny āhuḥ sūkṣmatvāt prakāśakatvāc ca | ataeva tad-vyatiriktatvam apy arthād uktaṃ bhavati | indriyebhyaś ca saṅkalpātmakaṃ manaḥ param tat-pravartakatvāt | manasas tu niścayātmikā buddhiḥ parā | niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṅkalpasya | yas tu buddheḥ paratas tat-sākṣitvenāvasthitaḥ sarvāntaraḥ sa ātmā | taṃ vimohayati dehinam iti dehi-śabdokta ātmā sa iti parāmṛśyate ||42||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yathā kathaṃcid bāhyendriya-niyama-sambhave 'py āntara-tṛṣṇā-tyāgo 'tiduṣkara iti cen, na | raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate [Gītā 2.59] ity atra para-darśanasya rasābhidhānīyaka-tṛṣṇā-tyāga-sādhanasya prāg-ukteḥ | tarhi ko 'sau paro yad-darśanāt tṛṣṇā-nivṛttir ity āśaṅkya śuddham ātmānaṃ para-śabda-vācyaṃ dehādibhyo vivicya darśayati indriyāṇīti | śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi pañca sthūlaṃ jaḍaṃ paricchinnaṃ bāhyaṃ ca deham apekṣya parāṇi sūkṣmatvāt prakāśakatvād vyāpakatvād antaḥsthatvāc ca prakṛṣṭāny āhuḥ paṇḍitāḥ śrutayo vā | tathendriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ tat-pravartakatvāt | tathā manasas tu parā buddhir adhyavasāyātmikā | adhyavasāyo hi niścayas tat-pūrvaka eva saṅkalpādir mano-dharmaḥ | yas tu buddheḥ paratas tad-bhāsakatvenāvasthito yaṃ dehinam indriyādibhir āśrayair yuktaḥ kāmo jñānāvaraṇa-dvāreṇa mohayatīty uktaṃ sa buddher draṣṭā para ātmā | sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ itivad dvyavahitasyāpi dehinas tadā parāmarśaḥ | atrārthe śrutiḥ -

mahataḥ parama-vyaktam avyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ |

atrātmanaḥ paratvasyaiva vākya-tātparya-viṣayatvād indriyādi-paratvasyāvivakṣitatvād indriyebhyaḥ parā arthā iti sthāne 'rthebhyaḥ parāṇīndriyāṇīti vivakṣābhedena bhagavad-uktaṃ na virudhyate | buddher asmad-ādi-vyaṣṭi-buddheḥ sakāśān mahān ātmā samaṣṭi-buddhi-rūpaḥ paraḥ mano mahān matir brahma pūr buddhiḥ khyātir īśvaraḥ iti vāyu-purāṇa-vacanāt | mahato hairaṇyagarbhyā buddheḥ param avyaktam avyākṛtaṃ sarva-jagad-bījaṃ māyākhyaṃ māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyād iti śruteḥ | tad dhedaṃ tarhy avyākṛtam āsīt iti ca | avyaktāt sakāśāt sakala-jaḍa-varga-prakāśakaḥ puruṣaḥ pūrṇa ātmā paraḥ | tasmād api kaścid anyaḥ paraḥ syād ity ata āha puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcid iti | kuta evaṃ yasmāt sā kāṣṭhā samāptiḥ sarvādhiṣṭhānatvāt | sā parā gatiḥ | so 'dhvanaḥ pāram āpnoti tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhā parā gatir api saivety arthaḥ | tad etat sarvaṃ yo buddheḥ paratas tu sa ity anenoktam ||42||

viśvanāthaḥ : na ca prathamam eva mano-buddhi-jaye yatanīyam aśakyatvād ity āha indriyāṇi parāṇīti | daśa-dig-vijayibhir api vīrair durjayatvād atibalatvena śreṣṭhānīty arthaḥ | indriyebhyaḥ sakāśād api prabalatvān manaḥ paraṃ | svapne khalv indriyeṣv api naṣṭeṣv anaśvaratvād iti bhāvaḥ | manasaḥ sakāśād api parā prabalā buddhir vijñāna-rūpā | suṣuptau manasy api naṣṭe tasyāḥ sāmānyākārāyā anaśvarātvād iti bhāvaḥ | tasya buddheḥ sakāśād api parato balādhikyena yo vartate, tawsyām api jñānābhyāsena naṣṭāyāṃ satyāṃ yo virājata ity arthaḥ | sa tu prasiddho jīvātmā kāmasya jetā | tena vastutaḥ sarvato

pāñcabhautikād dehād indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur paṇḍitāḥ | tac cālīkatvāt tato 'tisūkṣmatvāt tad-vināśe 'vināśāc ca | indriyebhyaḥ manaḥ paraṃ jāgare teṣāṃ pravartakatvāt svapne teṣu svasmin vilīneṣu rājya-kartṛtvena sthitatvāc ca | manasas tu buddhiḥ parā, niścayātmaka-buddhi-vṛttyaiva saṅkalpātmaka-mano-vṛtteḥ prasarāt | yas tu buddher api parato 'sti, sa dehī jīvātmā cit-svarūpo dehādi-buddhy-antar-viviktayānubhūtaḥ san niḥśeṣa-kāma-kṣati-hetur bhavatīti | kaṭhāś caivaṃ paṭhanti -

indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā arthebhyaś ca paraṃ manaḥ | manasas tu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ || ity ādi |

asyārthaḥ - indriyebhyo 'rthā viṣayās tad-ākarsiktatvāt parāḥ pradhāna-bhūtāḥ | viṣayendriya-vyavahārasya mano-mūlatvād arthebhyo manaḥ paraṃ viṣaya-bhogasya niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṃśayātmakān manaso manaḥ paraṃ viṣaya-bhogasya niścaya-pūrvakatvāt saṃśayātmakān manaso niścayātmikā buddhiḥ parā buddher bhogopakaraṇatvāt tasyāḥ sakāśād bhoktātmā jīvaḥ paraḥ sa cātmā mahān dehendriyāntaḥkaraṇa-svāmīti daihikaṃ karma tu pūrvābhyāsa-vaśāc cakra-bhramitvat setsyati ||42||

BhG 3.43

śrīdharaḥ : upasaṃharati evam iti | buddher eva viṣayendriyādi-janyāḥ kāmādi-vikriyāḥ | ātmā tu nirvikāras tat-sākṣīty evaṃ buddheḥ paramātmānaṃ buddhvātmanaivaṃ tṛtayā niściyātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpiṇaṃ śatruṃ jahi māraya | durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ ||43||

iti śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : phalitam āha evam iti | raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ity atra yaḥ para-śabdenoktas tam evambhūtaṃ pūrṇam ātmānaṃ buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā sākṣātkṛtya saṃstabhya sthirītkṛtyātmānaṃ mana ātmanaitādṛśa-niścayātmkiayā buddhyā jahi māraya śatruṃ sarva-puruṣārtha-śātanaṃ he mahābāho mahā-bāhor hi śatru-māraṇaṃ sukaram iti yogyaṃ sambodhanam | kāma-rūpaṃ tṛṣṇā-rūpaṃ durāsadaṃ duḥkhenāsādanīyaṃ durvijñeyāneka-viśeṣam iti yatnādhikyāya viśeṣaṇam ||43||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām karma-yogo nāma

viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati evam iti | buddheḥ paraṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvā sarvopādhibhyaḥ pṛthak-bhūtaṃ jñātvā ātmanā svenaivāmānaṃ svaṃ saṃstabhya niścalaṃ kṛtvā durāsadaṃ durjayam api kāmaṃ jahi nāśaya ||43||

||3||

baladevaḥ : evam iti | evaṃ mad-upadeśa-vidhayā buddheś ca paraṃ dehādi-nikhila-jaḍa-varga-pravartakatvād viviktaṃ sukha-cid-ghanaṃ jīvātmānaṃ buddhvānubhūyety arthaḥ | ātmanā īdṛśa-niścayātmikayā buddhyātmānaṃ manaḥ saṃstabhya tādṛśy ātmani sthiraṃ kṛtvā kāma-rūpaṃ śatruṃ jahi nāśaya | durāsadaṃ durdharṣam api | mahā-bāho iti prāgvat ||43||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ ||3||

tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ karma-yogaḥ

Bhagavadgita 4

BhG 4.1

evaṃ tāvad adhyāya-dvayena karma-yogopāyaka-jñāna-yogo mokṣa-sādhanatvenoktaḥ | tad evaṃ brahmārpaṇādi-guṇa-vidhānena tattvaṃ padārtha-vivekādinā ca prapañciṣyan prathamaṃ tāvat parasparāprāptatvena stuvan bhagavān uvāca imam iti tribhiḥ | avyaya-phalatvād avyayam | imaṃ yogaṃ purāham vivasvata ādityāya kathitavān | sa ca sva-putrāya manave śrāddha-devāya | sa ca manuḥ sva-putrāyekṣvākave 'bravīt ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : yadyapi pūrvam upeyatvena jñāna-yogas tad-upāyatvena ca karma-yoga iti dvau yogau kathitau tathāpi ekaṃ sāṅkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca paśyati sa paśyati [Gītā 5.6] ity anayā diśā sādhya-sādhanayoḥ phalaikyād aikyam upacarya sādhana-bhūtaṃ karma-yogaṃ sādhya-bhūtaṃ ca jñāna-yogam aneka-vidha-guṇa-vidhānāya stauti vaṃśa-kathanena bhagavān |

imam adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ yogaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaṃ karma-niṣṭhopāya-labhyaṃ vivasvate sarva-kṣatriya-vaṃśa-bīja-bhūtāyādityāya proktavān prakarṣeṇa sarva-sandehocchedādi-rūpeṇoktavān ahaṃ bhagavān vāsudevaḥ sarva-jagat-paripālakaḥ sargādi-kāle rājñāṃ balādhānena tad-adhīnaṃ sarvaṃ jagat pālayitum | katham anena balādhānam iti viśeṣeṇena darśayati -- avyayam avyaya-veda-mūlatvād avyaya-phalatvāc ca na vyeti sva-phalād ity avyayam avyabhicāri-phalam | tathā caitādṛśena balādhānaṃ śakyam iti bhāvaḥ |

sa ca mama śiṣyo vivasvān manave vaivasvatāya sva-putrāya prāha | sa ca manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyādi-rājāyābravīt | yadyapi prati manvantaraṃ svāyambhuvādi-sādhāraṇo 'yaṃ bhāgavad-updeśas tathāpi sāmpratika-vaivasvata-manvantarābhi-prāyeṇādityam ārabhya sampradāyo gaṇitaḥ ||1||

baladevaḥ :

pūrvādhyāyābhyām uktaṃ jñāna-yogaṃ karma-yogaṃ caika-phalatvād ekīkṛtya tad-vaṃśaṃ kīrtayan stauti imam iti | imaṃ tvāṃ sūryāyāhaṃ proktavān | avyayaṃ nityaṃ vedārtahtvān naveyeti sva-phalādityavyabhicāri-phalatvāc ca | sa ca mac-chiṣyo vivasvān sva-putrāya manave vaivasvatāya prāha | sa ca manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyābravīt ||1||

BhG 4.2

śrīdharaḥ : evam iti | evaṃ rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ceti | anye 'pi rājarṣayo nimi-pramukhāḥ | sva-pitrādibhir ikṣvāku-pramukhaiḥ protkam imaṃ yogam vidur jānanti sma | adyatanānām ajñāne kāraṇam āha he parantapa śatru-pātana ! sa yogaḥ kāla-vaśād iha loke naṣṭo vicchinnaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam ādityam ārabhya guru-śiṣya-paramparayā prāptam imaṃ yogaṃ rājānaś ca ta ṛṣayaś ceti rājarṣayaḥ prabhutve sati sūkṣmārtha-nirīkṣaṇa-kṣamā nimi-pramukhāḥ sva-pitrādi-proktaṃ viduḥ | tasmād anādi-veda-mūlatvenānanta-phalatvenānādi-guru-śiṣya-paramparā-prāptatvena ca kṛtrimatva-śaṅkānāspadatvān mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ yoga iti śraddhātiśayāya stūyate |

sa evaṃ mahā-prayojano 'pi yogaḥ kālena mahatā dīrgheṇa dharma-hrāsa-kareṇehedānīm āvayor vyavahāra-kāle dvāparānte durbalān ajitendriyān anadhikāriṇaḥ prāpya kāma-krodhādibhir abhibhūyamāno naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyo jātaḥ | taṃ vinā puruṣārthāprāpter aho daurbhāgyaṃ lokasyeti śocati bhagavān | he parantapa ! paraṃ kāma-krodhādi-rūpaṃ śatru-gaṇaṃ śauryeṇa balavatā vivekena tapasā ca bhānur iva tāpayatīti parantapaḥ śatru-tāpano jitendriya ity arthaḥ | urvaśy-upekṣaṇādy-adbhuta-karma-darśanāt | tasmāt tvaṃ jitendriyatvād atrādhikārīti sūcayati ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : evaṃ vivasvantam ārabhya guru-śiṣya-paramparayā prāptam iimaṃ yogaṃ rājarṣayaḥ sva-pitrādibhir ikṣvāku-prabhṛtibhir upadiṣṭaṃ viduḥ | iha loke naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyaḥ ||2||

BhG 4.3

śrīdharaḥ : sa evāyam iti | sa evāyaṃ yogo 'dya vicchinne sampradāye sati punaś ca te tubhyam uktaḥ | yatas tvaṃ mama bhakto 'si sakhā ca | anyasmai mayā nocyate | hi yasmād etad uttamaṃ rahasyam ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : ya evaṃ pūrvam upadiṣṭo 'py adhikārya-bhāvād vicchinna-sampradāyo 'bhūt | yaṃ vinā ca puruṣārtho na labhyate | sa evāyaṃ purātano 'nādi-guru-paramparā-gato yogo 'dya sampradāya-viccheda-kāle mayātisnigdhena te tubhyaṃ prakarṣeṇoktaḥ | na tv anyasmai kasmaicit | kasmāt ? bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti | iti-śabdo hetau | yasmāt tvaṃ mama bhaktaḥ śaraṇāgatatve saty atyanta-prītimān sakhā ca samāna-vayāḥ snigdha-sahāyo 'si sarvadā bhavasi atas tubhyam ukta ity arthaḥ anyasmai kuto nocyate tatrāha | hi yasmād etaj jñānam uttamaṃ rahasyam atigopyam ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : tvāṃ praty evāsya proktatve hetuḥ : bhakto dāsaḥ sakhā ceti bhāva-dvayam | anyas tu arvācīnaṃ praty eva avaktavyatve hetū rahasyam iti ||3||

baladevaḥ : sa eva tadānupūrvika-vacana-vācyo yogo mayā tvat-sakhenātisnigdhena te tubhyaṃ mat-sakhāyeti snigdhāya proktas tvaṃ me bhaktaḥ prapannaḥ sakhā cāsīti hetor na tv anyasmai kasmaicit | tatra hetuḥ rahasyam iti | hi yasmād uttamaṃ rahasyam iti gopyam etat ||3||

BhG 4.4

śrīdharaḥ : bhagavato vivasvantaṃ prati yogopadeśāsambhavaṃ paśyann arjuna uvāca aparam iti | aparam arvācīnaṃ tava janma | paraṃ prāk kālīnaṃ vivasvato janma | tasmāt tavādhunātanatvāt cirantanāya vivasvate tvam ādau yogaṃ proktavān iti etat katham ahaṃ jānīyāṃ jñātuṃ śaknuyām ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : yā bhagavati vāsudeve manuṣyatvenāsarvajñatvānityatvāśaṅkā mūrkhāṇāṃ tām apanetum anuvadann arjuna āśaṅkate - aparam iti | aparam alpa-kālīnam idānantanaṃ vasudeva-gṛhe bhavato janma śarīra-grahaṇaṃ vihīnaṃ ca manuṣyatvāt | paraṃ bahu-kālīnaṃ sargādi-bhavam utkṛṣṭaṃ ca devatvāt, vivasvato janma | atrātmano janmābhāvasya prāg-vyutpāditatvād dehābhiprāyeṇaivārjunasya praśnaḥ | ataḥ katham etad vijānīyām aviruddhārthatayā | etac chabdārtham eva vivṛṇoti | tvam ādau yogaṃ proktavān iti | tvam idānīṃtano manuṣyo 'sarvajñaḥ sargādau pūrvatanāya sarvajñāyādityāya proktavān iti viruddhārtham etad iti bhāvaḥ |

atrāyaṃ nirgalito 'rthaḥ | etad dehānavacchinnasya tava dehāntarāvacchedena vādityaṃ pratyupadeṣṭṛtvam etad-dehena vā | nādyaḥ | janmāntarānubhūtasyāsarvajñena smartum aśakyatvāt | anyathā mamāpi janmāntarānubhūta-smaraṇa-prasaṅgaḥ | tava mama ca manuṣyatvenāsarvajñatvāviśeṣāt | tad uktam abhiyuktaiḥ janmāntarānubhūtaṃ ca na smaryate iti | nāpi dvitīyaḥ sargādāv idānīṃtanasya dehasyāsad-bhāvāt | tad evaṃ dehāntareṇa sargādau sad-bhāvānupappattir ity asarvajñatvānityatvābhyāṃ dvāv arjunasya pūrva-pakṣau ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam artham asambhavaṃ pṛcchati aparam idānīntanam | paraṃ purātanam ataḥ katham etat pratyemīti bhāvaḥ ||4||

baladevaḥ : kṛṣṇasya sanātanatve sārvajñe ca śaṅkamānān anabhijñān nirākartum arjuna uvāca aparam iti | aparam arvācīnaṃ paraṃ parācīnaṃ tasmād ādhunikas tvaṃ prācīnāya vivasvate yogam uktavān ity etat katham ahaṃ vijānīyāṃ pratīyām | ayam arthaḥ : na khalu sarveśvaratvena kṛṣṇam arjuno na vetti tasya narākhya-tad-avatāratvena tādrūpyāt, paraṃ dhāma paraṃ dhāma ity ādi tad-ukteś ca | na tv atat-sarvajña-viṣayām ajña-śaṅkām apākartum aparam ity ādi pṛcchati | sarveśvaraḥ sa yathā sva-tattvaṃ vetti na tathānyaḥ | tatas tan-mukhāmbujād eva tad-rūpa-taj-janmādi parkāśanīyaṃ loka-maṅgalāya | tad-arthaṃ sva-mahimānaṃ pravadan vikatthanatayā sa nākṣepyaḥ, kintu stavanīya eva kṛpālutayā | tac ca manuṣākṛti-para-brahmaṇas tava rūpaṃ janmādi ca loka-vilakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ-vidhaṃ kim-arthakaṃ kiṃ-kālam iti vijñasyāpy ājñavat praśno 'yam ajña-śaṅkā-nirāsaka-prativacanārthaḥ ||4||

BhG 4.5

śrīdharaḥ : rūpāntareṇopadiṣṭavān ity abhiprāyeṇottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca bahūnīti | tāny ahaṃ veda vedmi | alupta-vidyā-śaktitvāt | tvaṃ tu na vettha na vetsi avidyāvṛttatvāt ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra sarvajñatvena prathamasya parihāram āha bahūnīti | janmāni līlā-deha-grahaṇāni loka-dṛṣṭy-abhiprāyeṇādityasyodayavan me mama bahūni vyatītāni tava cājñāninaḥ karmārjitāni deha-grahaṇāni | tava cety upalakṣaṇam itareṣām api jīvānāṃ, jīvaikyābhiprāyeṇa vā | he 'rjuna ! ślokenārjuna-vṛkṣa-nāmnā sambodhayann āvṛta-jñānatvaṃ sūcayati | tāni janmāny ahaṃ sarvajñaḥ sarva-śaktir īśvaro veda jānāmi sarvāṇi madīyāni tvadīyāny anyadīyāni ca | na tvam ajño jīvas tirobhūta-jñāna-śaktir vettha na jānāsi svīyāny api kiṃ punaḥ parakīyāṇi | he parantapa ! paraṃ śatruṃ bheda-dṛṣṭyā parikalpya hantuṃ pravṛtto 'sīti viparīta-darśitatvād bhrānto 'sīti sūcayati | tad anena sambodhana-dvayenāvaraṇa-vikṣepau dvāv apy ajñāna-dharmau darśitau ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : avatārāntareṇopadiṣṭavān ity abhiprāyeṇāha bahūnīti | tava ceti yadā yadaiva mamāvatāras tadā mat-pārṣadatvāt tavāpy āvirbhāvo 'bhūd evety arthaḥ | veda vedmi sarveśvaratvena sarvajñatvāt | tvaṃ na vettha mayaiva sva-līlā-siddhy-arthaṃ tvaj-jñānāvaraṇād iti bhāvaḥ | ataeva he parantapa ! sāmpratika-kuntī-putratvābhimāna-mātreṇaiva parān śatrūṃs tāpayasi ||5||

baladevaḥ : eka evāhaṃ eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti ity ādi śruty-uktāni nitya-siddhāni bahūni rūpāṇi vaidūryavad ātmani dadhānaḥ purā rūpāntareṇa taṃ pratyupadiṣṭavān iti bhāvenāha bhagavān bahūnīti | tava ceti mat-sakhatvāt tāvanti janmāni tavāpy abhūvann ity arthaḥ | na tvaṃ vettheti | idānīṃ mayaivācintya-śaktyā sva-līlā-siddhaye tvaj-jñānācchādanād iti bhāvaḥ | etena sārvajñyaṃ svasya darśitam | atra bhagavaj-janmanāṃ vāstavatvaṃ bodhyam | bahūnītyādi śrī-mukhoktes tava ceti dṛṣṭāntāc ca | na ca janmākhyo vikāras tasyāgrima-vyākhyayā pratyākhyānāt ||5||

BhG 4.6

śrīdharaḥ : nanu anādes tava kuto janma ? avināśinaś ca kathaṃ punar janma yena bahūni me vyatītānity ucyate | īśvarasya tava puṇya-pāpa-vihīnasya kathaṃ jīvavaj janmeti ? ata āha ajo 'pīti | satyam evam | tathāpi ajo 'pi janma-śūnyo 'pi sann aham | tathāvyayātmāpy anaśvara-svabhāvo 'pi san | tathā - īśvaro 'pi karma-pāratantrya-rahito 'pi san | sva-māyayā sambhavāmi samyag apracyuta-jñāna-bala-vīryādi-śaktyaiva bhavāmi |

nanu tathāpi ṣoḍaśa-kalātamka-liṅga-deha-śūnyasya ca tava kuto janmeti ? ata uktaṃ svāṃ śuddha-sattvātmikāṃ prakṛtiṃ adhiṣṭhāya svīkṛtya | viśuddhorjita-sattva-mūrtyā svecchayāvatarāmīty arthaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv atītāneka-janma-vattvam ātmanaḥ smarasi cet tarhi jāti-smaro jīvas tvaṃ para-janma-jñānam api yoginaḥ sārvātmyābhimānena śāstra-dṛṣṭyā tūpadeśo vāma-devavat [Vs 1.1.30] iti nyāyena sambhavati | tathā cāha vāmadevo jīvo 'pi ahaṃ manur abhavaṃ sūryaś cāhaṃ kakṣīvānṛpir asmi vipraḥity ādi dāśatayyām | ataeva na mukhyaḥ sarvajñas tvam | tathā ca katham ādityaṃ sarvajñam upadiṣṭavān asy anīśvaraḥ san | na hi jīvasya mukhyaṃ sārvajñyaṃ sambhavati vyaṣṭy-upādheḥ paricchinnatvena sarva-sambandhitvābhāvāt | samaṣṭy-upādher api virājaḥ sthūla-bhūtopādhitvena sūkṣma-bhūta-pariṇāma-viṣayaṃ māyā-pariṇāma-viṣayaṃ ca jñānaṃ na sambhavati | evaṃ sūkṣma-bhūtopādher api hiraṇyagarbhasya tat-kāraṇa-māyā-pariṇāmākāśādi-sarga-kramādi-viṣaya-jñānābhāvaḥ siddha eva | tasmād īśvara eva kāraṇopāditvād atītān āgata-vartamāna-sarvārtha-viṣaya-jñānavān mukhyaḥ sarvajñaḥ | atītān āgata-vartamāna-viṣayaṃ māyā-vṛtti-trayam ekaiva vā sarva-viṣayā māyā-vṛttir ity anyat | tasya ca nityeśvarasya sarvajñasya dharmādharmādy-abhāvena janmaivānupapannam atītāneka-janmavattvaṃ tu dūrotsāritam eva | tathā ca jīvatve sārvajñyānupapattir īśvaratve ca deha-grahaṇānupapattir iti śaṅkā-dvayaṃ pariharann anityatva-pakṣasyāpi parihāram āha ajo 'pīti |

apūrva-dehendriyādi-grahaṇaṃ janma | pūrva-ghīta-dehendriyādi-viyogo vyayaḥ | yad ubhayaṃ tārkikaiḥ prety abhāva ity ucyate | tad uktaṃ jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca [Gītā 2.27] iti | tad ubhayaṃ ca dharmādharma-vaśād bhavati | dharmādharma-vaśatvaṃ cājñasya jīvasaya dehābhimāninaḥ karmādhikāritvād bhavati | tatra yad ucyate sarvajñasyeśvarasya sarva-kāraṇasyedṛg-deha-grahaṇaṃ nopapadyata iti tat tathaiva | katham ? yadi tasya śarīraṃ sthūla-bhūta-kāryaṃ syāt tadā vyaṣṭi-rūpatve jāgrad-avasthāsmad-ādi-tulyatvam | samaṣṭi-rūpatve ca virāḍ-jīvatvaṃ tasya tad-upādhitvāt | atha sūkṣma-bhūta-kāryaṃ tadā vyaṣṭi-rūpatve svapnāvasthāsmad-ādi-tulyatvam | samaṣṭi-rūpatve ca hiraṇya-garbha-jīvatvaṃ tasya tad-upādhitvāt | tathā ca bhautikaṃ śarīraṃ jīvānāviṣṭaṃ parameśvarasya na sambhavaty eveti siddham | na ca jīvāviṣṭa eva tādṛśe śarīre tasya bhūtāveśavat praveśa iti vācyam | tac-charīrāvacchedena taj-jīvasya bhogābhyupagame 'ntaryāmi-rūpeṇa sarva-śarīra-praveśasya vidyamānatvena śarīra-viśeṣābhyupagama-vaiyarthyāt | bhogābhāve ca jīva-śarīratvānupapatteḥ | ato na bhautikaṃ śarīram īśvarasyeti pūrvārdhenāṅgīkaroti -- ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi sann iti | ajo 'pi sann ity apūrva-deha-grahaṇam avyayātmāpi sann iti pūrva-deha-vicchedaṃ bhūtānāṃ bhagava-dharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānām īśvaro 'pi sann iti dharmādharma-vaśatvaṃ nivārayati | kathaṃ tarhi deha-grahaṇam ity uttarārdhenāha prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya sambhavāmi | prakṛtiṃ māyākhyāṃ vicitrāneka-śaktim aghaṭamāna-ghaṭanāpaṭīyasīṃ svāṃ svopādi-bhūtām adhiṣṭhāya cid-ābhāsena vaśīkṛtya sambhavāmi tat-pariṇāma-viśeṣair eva jagat-kāraṇatva-sampādikā mad-icchayaiva pravartamānā viśuddha-sattva-mayatvena mama mūrtis tad-viśiṣṭasya cājatvam avyayatvam īśvaratvaṃ copapannam | ato 'nena nityenaiva dehena vivasvantaṃ ca tvāṃ ca pratīmaṃ yogam upadiṣṭavān aham ity upapannam | tathā ca śrutiḥ - ākāśa-śarīraṃ brahma iti | ākāśo 'nnāvyākṛtam | ākāśa eva tad otaṃ ca protaṃ ca [BAU 3.8.7] ity ādau tathā darśanāt | ākāśas tal-liṅgāt [Vs. 1.1.22] iti nyāyāc ca |

tarhi bhautika-vigrahābhāvāt tad-dharma-manuṣyatvādi-pratītiḥ katham iti cet tatrāha ātma-māyayeti | man-māyayaiva mayi manuṣyatvādi-pratītir lokānugrahāya na tu vastu-vṛttyeti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ mokṣa-dharme -

māyā hy eṣā mayā sṛṣṭā yan māṃ paśyasi nārada |

sarva-bhūta-guṇair yuktaṃ kāraṇopādhiṃ māṃ carma-cakṣuṣā draṣṭuṃ nārhasīty arthaḥ | uktaṃ ca bhagavatā bhāṣyakāreṇa - sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sadā sampannas triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtyājo 'vyayo bhūtānām īśvaro nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvo 'pi san sva-māyayā dehavān iva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate sva-prayojanābhāve 'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā iti | vyākhyātṛbhiś coktaṃ svecchā-vinirmitena māyāmayena divyena rūpeṇa sambabhūveti |

anye tu parameśvare deha-dehi-bhāvaṃ na manyante | kiṃ yaś ca nityo vibhuḥ sac-cid-ānanda-ghano bhagavān vāsudevaḥ paripūrṇo nirguṇaḥ paramātmā sa eva tad-vigraho nānyaḥ kaścid bhautiko māyiko veti | asmin pakṣe yojanā - ākāśavat sarva-gataś ca nityaḥ, avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā ity ādi śruteḥ, asaṃbhavas tu sato 'nupaptteḥ [Vs. 2.3.8], nātmāśruter nityatvāc ca tābhyaḥ [Vs. 2.3.16] ity ādi nyāyāc ca vastu-gatyā janma-vināśa-rahitaḥ sarva-bhāsakaḥ sarva-kāraṇa-māyādhiṣṭhānatvena sarva-bhūteśvaro 'pi sann ahaṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaika-rasam |

māyāṃ vyāvartayati svām iti | nija-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | sa bhagavaḥ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ sve mahimni [ChāU 7.24.1] iti śruteḥ | sva-svarūpam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva san sambhavāmi deha-dehi-bhāvam antareṇaiva dehivad vyavaharāmi | kathaṃ tarhy adehe sac-cid-ānanda-ghane dehatva-pratītir ata āha ātma-māyayeti | nirguṇe śuddhe sac-cid-ānanda-ghane mayi bhagavati vāsudeve deha-dehi-bhāva-śūnye tad-rūpeṇa pratītir māyā-mātram ity arthaḥ | tad uktam -

aho bhāgyam aho bhāgyaṃ nanda-gopa-vrajaukasām

kecit tu nityasya niravayavasya nirvikārasyāpi paramānandasyāvayavāya-vibhāvaṃ vāstavam evecchanti te niryuktikaṃ bruvāṇas tu nāsmābhir vinivāryate iti nyāyena nāpavādyāḥ | yadi sambhavet tathaivāstu kim atipallavitenety uparamyate ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : svasya janma-prakāram āha - ajo 'pi janma-rahito 'pi san sambhavāmi, deva-manuṣya-tiryag-ādiṣu āvirbhavāmi | nanu kim atra citram ? jīvo 'pi vastuto 'ja eva sthūla-deha-nāśānantaraṃ jāyata eva ? tatrāha savyayātmānaśvara-śarīraḥ | kiṃ ca, jīvasya sva-deha-bhinna-sva-svarūpeṇājatvam eva, āvidyakena deha-sambandhenaiva tasya janmavattvam, mama tv īśvaratvāt sva-dehābhinnasyājatvaṃ janmavattvam ity ubhayam api svarūpa-siddham | tac ca durghaṭatvāt citram atarkyam eva | ataḥ puṇya-pāpādimato jīvasyeva sad-asad-yoniṣu na me janmāśaṅkety āha - bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san karma-pāratantrya-rahito 'pi bhūtvety arthaḥ |

nanu jīvo hi liṅga-śarīreṇa sva-bandhakena karma-prāpyān devādi-dehān prāpnoti | tvaṃ parameśvaro liṅga-rahitaḥ sarva-vyāpakaḥ karma-kālādi-niyantā | bahu syām iti śruteḥ sarva-jagad-rūpo bhavaty eva | tad api yad viśeṣata evambhūto 'py ahaṃ sambhavāmīti brūṣe, tan manye sarva-jagad-vilakṣaṇān deha-viśeṣān nityān eva loke prakāśayituṃ tvaj-janmety avagamyate | tat khalu katham ity ata āha prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāyeti | atra prakṛti-śabdena yadi bahiraṅgā māyā-śaktir ucyate, tadā tad-adhiṣṭhātā parameśvaras tad-dvārā jagad-rūpo bhavaty eveti na viśeṣopalabdhiḥ | tasmāt saṃsiddhi-prakṛtī tv ime svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaś ca ity abhidhānād atra prakṛti-śabdena svarūpam evocyate | na tat svarūpa-bhūtā māyā-śaktiḥ | svarūpaṃ ca tasya sac-cid-ānanda eva | ataveva tvāṃ śuddha-sattvātmikāṃ prakṛtim iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ svam eva svabhāvam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpeṇa svecchayā sambhavāmīty arthaḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaika-rasam | māyāṃ vyāvartayati svām iti nija-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | sa bhagavaṃ kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ sva-mahimni iti śruteḥ | sva-svarūpam adhiṣṭhāya svarūpāvasthita eva sambhavāmi deha-dehi-bhāvam antareṇaiva dehivad vyavaharāmi iti śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ |

nanu yady avyayātmā anaśvara-matsya-kūrmādi-svarūpa eva bhavasi, tarhi tava prādurbhavat-svarūpaṃ pūrva-prādurbhūta-svarūpāṇi ca yugapad eva kiṃ nopalabhyanta ? tatrāha ātma-bhūtā yā māyā tayā sva-svarūpāvaraṇa-prakāśana-karma ca yayā cic-chakti-vṛttyāyoga-māyayety arthaḥ | tayā hi pūrva-kālāvatīrṇa-svarūpāṇi pūrvam evāvṛtya vartamāna-svarūpaṃ prakāśya sambhavāmi | ātma-māyayā samyag apracyuta-jñāna-bala-vīryādi-śaktyaiva bhavāmi iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | ātma-māyayātma-jñānena māyā vayunaṃ jñānam iti jñāna-paryāyo 'tra māyā-śabdaḥ | tathā cābhiyukta-prayogaḥ māyayā satataṃ vetti prācīnānāṃ śubhāśubham iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve deha-dehi-bhāva-śūnye tad-rūpeṇa pratītiḥ

baladevaḥ : loka-vilakṣaṇatayā svarūpaṃ sva-janma ca vadan sanātanatvaṃ svasyāha ajo 'pīti | atra svarūpa-svabhāva-paryāyaḥ prakṛti-śabdaḥ | svāṃ prakṛtiṃ svaṃ svarūpaṃ adhiṣṭhāyālambya sambhavāmi āvirbhavāmi | saṃsiddhi-prakṛtī tv ime | svarūpaṃ ca svabhāvaś ca ity amaraḥ | svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmīti | etam arthaṃ vicarituṃ viśinaṣṭi ajo 'pīty ādinā | api avadhāraṇe | apūrva-deha-yogo janma | tad-rahita eva san | avyayātmāpi san avyayaḥ pariṇāma-śūnya ātmā buddhyādir yasya tādṛśa eva san | ātmā puṃsi ity ādy ukteḥ | bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san svetareṣāṃ jīvānāṃ niyantaiva san ity arthaḥ | ajatvādi-guṇakaṃ yad vibhu-jñāna-sukha-ghanaṃ rūpaṃ tenaivāvatarāmīti svarūpeṇaiva sambhavāmīty asya vivaraṇaṃ tādṛśasya svarūpasya raver ivābhiyakti-mātram eva janmeti tat-svarūpasya taj-janmanaś ca loka-vilakṣaṇatvaṃ tena sanātanatvaṃ ca vyaktam | karma-tantratvaṃ nirastam | śrutiś caivam āha ajāyamāno bahudhā vijāyate iti | smṛtiś ca pratyakṣaṃ ca harer janma na vikāraḥ kathaṃcana ity ādyā | ataeva sūtikā-gṛhe divyāyudha-bhūṣaṇasya divya-rūpasya ṣaḍ-aiśvarya-sampannasya tasya vīkṣaṇaṃ smaryate | prayojanam āha ātma-māyayeti | bhajaj-jīvānukampayā hetunā tad-uddhārāyety arthaḥ | māyā dambhe kṛpāyāṃ ca iti viśvaḥ | ātma-māyayā sva-sārvajñena sva-saṅkalpeneti kecit | māyā vayunaṃ jñānaṃ ca iti nirghaṇṭu-koṣāt | lokaḥ khalu rājādiḥ pūrva-dehādīni vihāyāpūrva-dehādīni bhajan niranusandhir ajño janmībhavati tad-vailakṣaṇyaṃ harer janminaḥ prasphuṭam | bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi sann ity anena labdha-siddhayo yogi-prabhṛtayo 'pi vyāvṛttāḥ | sukha-cid-ghano harir deha-dehi-bhedena guṇa-guṇi-bhedena ca śūnyo 'pi viśeṣa-balāt tat-tad-bhāvena viduṣāṃ pratītir āsīd iti ||6||

BhG 4.7

śrīdharaḥ : kadā sambhavasīty apekṣāyām āha yadā yadeti | glānir hāniḥ | abhyutthānam ādhikyam ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanasya tava kadā kim-arthaṃ vā dehivad vyavahāra iti tatrocyate yadā yadeti | dharmasya veda-vihitasya prāṇinām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-sādhanasya pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇasya varṇāśrama-tad-ācāra-vyaṅgyasya yadā yadā glānir hānir bhavati he bhārata bharata-vaṃśodbhavatvena bhā jñānaṃ tatra ratatvena vā tvaṃ na dharma-hāniṃ soḍhuṃ śaknoṣīti sambodhanārthaḥ | evaṃ yadā yadābhyutthānam udbhavo 'dharmasya veda-niṣiddhasya nānā-vidha-duḥkha-sādhanasya dharma-virodhinas tadā tadātmānaṃ dehaṃ sṛjāmi nitya-siddham eva sṛṣṭam iva darśayāmi māyayā ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : kadā sambhavāmīty apekṣāyām āha yadeti | dharmasya glānir hānir adharmasyābhyutthānaṃ vṛddhis te dve soḍhum aśaknuvan tayor vaiparītyaṃ kartum iti bhāvaḥ | ātmānaṃ dehaṃ sṛjāmi nity siddham eva taṃ sṛṣṭam iva darśayāmi māyayā iti śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : atha sambhava-kālam āha yadeti | dharmasya vedoktasya glānir vināśaḥ adharmasya tad-viruddhasyābhyutthānam abhuyudayas tadāham ātmānaṃ sṛjāmi prakaṭayāmi | na tu nirmame tasya pūrva-siddhatvād iti nāsti mat-sambhava-kāla-niyamaḥ ||7||

BhG 4.8

śrīdharaḥ : kim-artham ? ity apekṣāyām āha paritrāṇāyeti | sādhūnāṃ sva-dharma-vartināṃ rakṣaṇāya | duṣṭaṃ karma kurvantīti duṣkṛtaḥ | teṣāṃ vadhāya ca | evaṃ dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya sādhu-rakṣaṇena duṣṭa-vadhena ca dharmaṃ sthirīkartum | yuge yuge tat-tad-avasare sambhavāmīty arthaḥ | na caivaṃ duṣṭa-nigrahaṃ kurvato 'pi nairghṛṇyaṃ śaṅkanīyam | yathāhuḥ - lālane tāḍane mātur nākāruṇyaṃ yathārbhake | tat tad eva maheśasya niyantur guṇa-doṣayoḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : tat kiṃ dharmasya hānir adharmasya ca vṛddhis tava paritoṣa-kāraṇaṃ yena tasminn eva kāla āvirbhavasīti tathā cānarthāvaha eva tavāvatāraḥ syāt ? iti nety āha paritrāṇāyeti | dharma-hānyā hīyamānānāṃ sādhūnāṃ puṇya-kāriṇāṃ veda-mārga-sthānāṃ paritrāṇāya paritaḥ sarvato rakṣaṇāya | tathādharma-vṛddhyā vardhamānānāṃ duṣkṛtāṃ pāpa-kāriṇāṃ veda-mārga-virodhināṃ vināśāya ca | tad ubhayaṃ kathaṃ syād iti tad āha dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya dharmasya samyag-adharma-nivāraṇena sthāpanaṃ veda-mārga-parirakṣaṇaṃ dharma-saṃsthāpanaṃ tad-arthaṃ sambhavāmi pūrvavat | yuge yuge pratiyugam ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tvad-bhaktā rājarṣayo brahmarṣayo 'pi vā dharma-hāny-adharma-vṛddhī dūrīkartuṃ śaknuvanty eva | etāvad artham eva kiṃ tavāvatāreṇa ? iti cet, satyam | anyad api anya-duṣkaraṃ karma kartuṃ sambhavāmīty āha parīti | sādhūnāṃ paritrāṇāya mad-ekānta-bhaktānāṃ mad-darśanotkaṇṭhā-sphuṭa-cittānāṃ yad vaiyāgrya-rūpaṃ duḥkham | tasmāt trāṇāya | tathā duṣkṛtāṃ mad-bhakta-loka-duḥkha-dāyināṃ mad-anyair avadhyānāṃ rāvaṇa-kaṃsa-keśy-ādīnāṃ vināśāya | tathā dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya madīya-dhyāna-yajana-paricaryā-saṅkīrtana-lakṣaṇaṃ parama-dharmaṃ mad-anyaiḥ pravartayitum aśakyaṃ samyak prakāreṇa sthāpayitum ity arthaḥ | yuge yuge prati-yugaṃ pratikalpaṃ vā | na caivaṃ duṣṭa-nigraha-kṛto bhagavato vaiṣamyam āśaṅkanīyam | duṣṭānām apy asurāṇāṃ sva-kartṛ-vadhena vividha-duṣkṛta-phalān naraka-saha-praṇipātāt saṃsārāc ca paritrāṇatas tasya sa khalu nigraho 'py anugraha eva nirṇītaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : nanu tvad-bhaktā rājarṣayo 'pi dharma-glānim adharmābhyutthānaṃ cāpanetuṃ prabhavanti tāvate 'rthāya kiṃ sambhavāmīty āha parīti | sādhūnāṃ mad-rūpa-guṇa-niratānāṃ mat-sākṣāt-kāram ākāṅkṣyatāṃ tena vinātivyagrāṇāṃ tad-vaiyagrya-rūpād duḥkhāt paritrāṇāyātimanojña-svarūpa-sākṣāt-kāreṇa | tathā duṣkṛtāṃ duṣṭa-karma-kāriṇāṃ mad-anyair avadhyānāṃ daśagrīva-kaṃsādīnāṃ tādṛg-bhakta-drohiṇāṃ vināśāya dharmasya mad-ekārcana-dhyānādi-lakṣaṇasya śuddha-bhakti-yogasya vaidikasyāpi mad-itaraiḥ pracārayitum aśakyasya saṃsthāpanārthāya sampracārāyety etat trayaṃ mat-sambhavasya kāraṇam iti | yuge yuge tat-tat-samayena ca duṣṭa-vadhena harau vaiṣamyaṃ, tena duṣṭānāṃ mokṣānanda-lābhe sati tasyānugraha-rūpatvena pariṇāmāt ||8||

BhG 4.9

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ-vidhānām īśvara-janma-karmaṇāṃ jñāne phalam āha janmeti | svecchayā kṛtaṃ mama janma karma ca dharma-pālana-rūpaṃ divyam alaukikaṃ tattvataḥ parānugrahārtham eveti yo vetti sa dehābhimānaṃ tyaktvā punar janma saṃsāraṃ naiti na prāpnoti | kintu mām eva prāpnoti ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : janma nitya-siddhasyaiva mama sac-cid-ānanda-ghanasya līlayā tathānukaraṇam | karma ca dharma-saṃsthāpanena jagat-paripālanaṃ me mama nitya-siddheśvarasya divyam aprākṛtam anyaiḥ kartum aśakyam īśvarasyaivāsādharaṇam | evam ajo 'pi sann ity ādinā pratipāditaṃ yo vetti tattvato bhrama-nivartanena | mūḍhair hi mauṣyatva-bhrāntyā bhagavato 'pi garbha-vāsādi-rūpam eva janma sva-bhogārtham eva karmety āropitam | paramārthataḥ śuddha-sac-cid-ānanda-rūpatva-jñānena tad-apanudyājasyāpi māyayā janmānukaraṇam akartur api parānugrahāya karmānukaraṇam iy evaṃ yo vetti sa ātmano 'pi tattva-sphuraṇāt tyaktvā deham imaṃ punar janma naiti | kintu māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam eva sac-cid-ānanda-ghanam eti saṃsārān

viśvanāthaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇasya maj-janmanas tathā janmānantaraṃ mat-karmaṇaś ca tattvato jñāna-mātreṇaiva kṛtārthaḥ syād ity āha janmeti | divyam aprākṛtaṃ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca | divyam alaukikaṃ iti śrī-svāmi-caraṇāḥ | lokānāṃ prakṛti-sṛṣṭatvād alaukika-śabdasya aprākṛtatvam evārthas teṣām apy abhipretaḥ | ataevāprākṛtatvena guṇātītatvād bhagavaj-janma-karmaṇo nityatvam | tac ca bhagavat-sandarbhe na vidyate yasya ca janma karma vā [BhP 8.3.8] ity atra śloke śrī-jīva-gosvāmi-caraṇair upapāditam | yad vā yukty-anupapannam api śruti-smṛti-vākya-balād atarkam evedaṃ mantavyam | tatra pippalāda-śākhāyāṃ puruṣa-bodhinī-śrutiḥ - eko devo nitya-līlānurakto bhakta-vyāpī bhakta-hṛdayāntarātmā iti | tathā janma-karmaṇo nityatvaṃ śrī-bhāgavatāmṛte bahuśa eva prapañcitam | evaṃ yo vetti tattvata iti ajo 'pi sann avyayatātmā ity asmiṃs tathā janma karma ca me divyam ity asmiṃś ca mad-vākya evāstikatayā maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvam eva yo jānāti, na tu tayor nityatve kāñcid yuktim apy apekṣamāṇo bhavatīty arthaḥ | yad vā tattvataḥ oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas trividhaḥ smṛtaḥ [Gītā 17.18] ity agrimoktes tac-chabdena brahmocyate tasya bhāvas tattvaṃ tena brahma-svarūpatvena yo vettīty arthaḥ | sa vartamānaṃ dehaṃ tyaktvā punar janma naiti kintu mām evaiti | atra dehaṃ tyaktvā ity asyādhikyād evaṃ vyācakṣate sma | sa dehaṃ tyaktvā punar janma naiti kintu deham atyaktvaiva mām eti | madīya-divya-janma-ceṣṭita-yāthātmya-vijñānena vidhvasta-samasta-mat-samāśrayaṇa-virodhi-pāpmāsminn eva janmani yathodita-prakāreṇa mām āśritya mad-eka-priyo mad-eka-citto mām eva prāpnoti iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ : bahulāyāsaiḥ sādhana-sahasrair api durlabho mokṣo maj-janma-carita-śravaṇena mad-ekānti-pathānuvartināṃ sulabho 'stv ity etad arthaṃ ca sambhavāmīty āśayā bhagavān āha janmeti | mama sarveśvarasya satyecchasya vaidūryavan nitya-siddha-nṛsiṃha-raghunāthādi-bahula-rūpasya tatra tatrokta-lakṣṇaṃ janma tathā karma ca tat-tad-bhakta-sambandhaṃ caritaṃ tad ubhayaṃ divyam aprākṛtaṃ nityaṃ bhavatīty evam evaitad iti yas tattvato vetti yad gataṃ bhavac ca bhaviṣyac ca eko devo nitya-līlānurakto bhakta-vyāpī bhakta-hṛdy antarātmā iti śrutyā divyam iti mad-uktyā ca dṛḍha-śraddho yukti-nirapekṣaḥ san | he arjuna ! sa vartamānaṃ dehaṃ tyaktvā punaḥ prāpañcikaṃ janma naiti | kintu mām eva tat-tat-karma-manojñam eti mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | yad vā mocakatva-liṅgena tat tvam asi iti śruteś ca me janma-karmaṇī tattvato brahmatvena yo vettīti vyākhyeyam | itarathā tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śrutir vyākupyet | samānam anyat | janmādi-nityatāyāṃ yuktayas tv anyatra vistṛtā draṣṭavyāḥ ||9||

BhG 4.10

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ janma-karma-jñānena tvat-prāptiḥ syād iti ? ata āha vīta-rāgeti | ahaṃ śuddha-sattvāvatāraiḥ dharma-pālanaṃ karomīti madīyaṃ parama-kāruṇikatvaṃ jñātvā | mām evopāśritāḥ santaḥ | mat-prasāda-labdhaṃ yadātma-jñānaṃ ca tapaś ca | tat-paripāka-hetuḥ sva-dharmaḥ | tayor dvandvaikavad bhāvaḥ | tena jñāna-tapasā pūtāḥ śuddhā nirastājñāna-tat-kārya-malāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mat-sāyujyaṃ prāptā bahavaḥ | na tv adhunaiva pravṛtto 'yaṃ mad-bhakti-mārga ity arthaḥ | tad evaṃ tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇīty ādinā vidyāvidyopādhibhyāṃ tat-tvaṃ-padārthāv

madhusūdanaḥ : mām eti so 'rjunety uktaṃ tatra svasya sarva-mukta-prāpyatayā puruṣārthatvam asya mokṣa-mārgasyānādi-parasparāgatatvaṃ ca darśayati vīta-rāgeti | rāgas tat-tat-phala-tṛṣṇā | sarvān viṣayān parityajya jñāna-mārge kathaṃ jīvitavyam iti trāso bhayam | sarva-viṣayocchedako 'yaṃ jñāna-mārgaḥ kathaṃ hitaḥ syād iti dveṣaḥ krodhaḥ | ta ete rāga-bhaya-krodhā vītā vivekena vigatā yebhyas te vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ śuddha-sattvāḥ | man-mayā māṃ paramātmānaṃ tat-padārthatvaṃ gatāḥ | bahavo 'neke jñāna-tapasā jñānam eva tapaḥ sarva-karma-kṣaya-hetutvāt | na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate iti hi vakṣyati | tena pūtāḥ kṣīṇa-sarva-pāpāḥ santo nirastājñāna-tat-kārya-malāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatvaṃ viśuddha-sac-cid-ānanda-ghanaṃ mokṣam āgatā ajñāna-mātrāpanayena mokṣaṃ prāptāḥ |

jñāna-tapasā pūtā jīvan-muktāḥ santo mad-bhāvaṃ mad-viṣayaṃ bhāvaṃ raty-ākhyaṃ premāṇam āgatā iti vā | teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yuktā eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate iti hi vakṣyati ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : na kevalam eka evādhunika eva, maj-janma-karma-tattva-jñāna-mātreṇaiva māṃ prāpnoty api tu prāktanā api pūrva-pūrva-kalpāvatīrṇasya mama janma-karma-tattva-jñānavanto mām āpur evety āha vīteti | jñānam ukta-lakṣaṇaṃ maj-janma-karmaṇos tattvato 'nubhava-rūpam eva tapas tena pūtāḥ iti śrī-rāmānujācārya-caraṇāḥ |

yad vā, jñāne maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatva-niścayānubhave yan-nānā-kumata-kutarka-yukti-sarpī-viṣa-dāha-sahana-rūpaṃ tapas tena pūtāḥ | tathā ca śrī-rāmānuja-dhṛta-śrutiḥ - tasya dhīrāḥ parijānanti yoniṃ iti dhīrā dhīmanta eva tasya yoniṃ janma-prakāraṃ jānantīty arthaḥ | vītās tyaktāḥ kumata-prajalpiteṣu janeṣu rāgādyā yais te na teṣu rāgaḥ prītir nāpi tebhyo bhayaṃ nāpi teṣu krodho mad-bhaktānām ity arthaḥ | kuto man-mayā maj-janma-karmānudhyāna-manana-śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-pracurāḥ | mad-bhāvaṃ mayi premāṇam ||10||

baladevaḥ : idānīm iva purāpi maj-janmādi-nityatā-jñānena bahūnāṃ vimuktir abhūd iti tan-nityatāṃ draḍhayitum āha vīteti | bahavo janā jñāna-tapasā pūtāḥ santaḥ purā mad-bhāvam āgatā ity anuṣaṅgaḥ | maj-janmādi-nityatva-viṣayakaṃ yaj jñānaṃ tad eva duradhigama-śruti-yukti-sampādyatvāt tapas tasmin jñāne vā yad vividha-kumata-kutarkādi-nivāraṇa-rūpaṃ tapas tena pūtā nirdhūtāvidyā ity arthaḥ | mayi bhāvaṃ premāṇaṃ vidyamānatāṃ vā mat-sākṣāt-kṛtim | kīdṛśās te ity āha vīteti | vītāḥ parityaktās tan-nityatva-virodhiṣu rāgādayo yais te, na teṣu rāgaṃ na bhayaṃ na ca krodhaṃ prakāśayantīty arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - man-mayā mad-eka-niṣṭhā upāśritāḥ saṃsevamānāḥ ||10||

BhG 4.11

śrīdharaḥ : nanu tarhi kiṃ tvayy api vaiṣamyam asti ? yad evaṃ tvad-eka-śaraṇānām evātmābhāvaṃ dadāsi nānyeṣāṃ sakāmānām iti | ata āha ya iti | yathā yena prakāreṇa sakāmatayā niṣkāmatayā vā ye māṃ bhajante tān ahaṃ tathaiva tad-apekṣita-phala-dānena bhajāmi anugṛhṇāmi, na tu sakāmā māṃ vihāyendrādīn eva ye bhajante tān aham upekṣa iti mantavyam | yataḥ sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair indrādi-sevakā api mamaiva vartma bhajana-mārgam anuvartante | indrādi-rūpeṇāpi mamaiva sevyatvāt ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu ye jñāna-tapasā pūtā niṣkāmās te tvad-bhāvaṃ gacchanti, ye tv apūtāḥ sakāmās te na gacchantīti phala-dātus tava vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye syātām iti nety āha ye yatheti | ya ārtā arthārthino jijñāsavo jñāninaś ca yathā yena prakāreṇa sakāmatayā niṣkāmatayā ca mām īśvaraṃ sarva-phala-dātāraṃ prapadyante bhajanti tāṃs tathaiva tad-apekṣita-phala-dānenaiva bhajāmy anugṛhṇāmy ahaṃ na viparyayeṇa | tatrāmumukṣūn ārtān arthārthinaś cārti-haraṇenārtha-dānena cānugṛhṇāmi | jiijñāsūn vividiṣanti yajñenety ādi-śruti-vihita-niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhātṝn jñāna-dānena jñāninaś ca mumukṣūn mokṣa-dānena na tv anya-kāmāyānyad dadāmīty arthaḥ |

nanu tathāpi sva-bhaktānām eva phalaṃ dadāsi na tv anya-deva-bhaktānām iti vaiṣamyaṃ sthitam eveti nety āha mama sarvātmano vāsudevasya vartma bhajana-mārgaṃ karma-jñāna-lakṣaṇam anuvartante he pārtha sarvajñaḥ sarva-prakārair indrādīn apy anuvartamānā manuṣyā iti karmādhikāriṇaḥ | indraṃ mitraṃ varuṇam agnim āhuḥ ity ādi-mantra-varṇāt phalam ata upapatteḥ [Vs. 3.2.38] iti nyāyāc ca sarva-rūpeṇāpi phala-dātā bhagavān eka evety arthaḥ | tathā ca vakṣyati ye 'py anya-devatā-bhaktā [Gītā 9.23] ity ādi ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tvad-ekānta-bhaktāḥ kilataj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ manyanta eva | kecit tu jñānādi-siddhy-arthaṃ tvāṃ prapannā jñāni-prabhṛtayas tvaj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ nāpi manyanta iti tatrāha ya iti | yathā yena prakāreṇa māṃ prapadyante bhajante aham api tāṃs tenaiva prakāreṇa bhajāmi | bhajana-phalaṃ dadāmi |

ayam arthaḥ - ye mat-prabhor janma-karmaṇī nitye eveti manasi kurvāṇās tat-tal-līlāyām eva kṛta-manoratha-viśeṣā māṃ bhajantaḥ sukhayanty aham apīśvaratvāt kartum akartum anyathā kartum api samarthas teṣām api janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ kartuṃ tān sva-pārṣadīkṛtya taiḥ sārdham eva yathā-samayam avatarann antar dadhānaś ca tān pratikṣaṇam anugṛhṇann eva tad-bhajana-phalaṃ premāṇam eva dadāmi | ye jñāni-prabhṛtayo maj-janma-karmaṇor naśvaratvaṃ mad-vigrahasya māyā-mayatvaṃ ca manyamānā māṃ prapadyante aham api tān punaḥ punar naśvara-janma-karmavato māyā-pāśa-patitān eva kurvāṇas tat-pratiphalaṃ janma-mṛtyu-duḥkham eva dadāmi | ye tu maj-janma-karmaṇor nityatvaṃ mad-vigrahasya ca sac-cid-ānandatvaṃ manyamānā jñāninaḥ sva-jñāna-siddhy-arthaṃ māṃ prapadyante, teṣāṃ sva-deha-dvaya-bhaṅgam evecchatāṃ mumukṣūṇām anaśvaraṃ brahmānandam eva sampādayan bhajana-phalam āvidyaka-janma-mṛtyu-dhvaṃsam eva dadāmi | tasmān na kevalaṃ mad-bhaktā eva māṃ prapadyante, api tu sarvaśaḥ sarve 'pi manuṣyā jñāninaḥ karmiṇo yoginaś ca devatāntaropāsakāś ca mama vartmānuvartante mama sarva-svarūpatvāt jñāna-karmādikaṃ sarvaṃ māmakam eva vartmeti bhāvaḥ ||11||

baladevaḥ : nanu nitya-janmādi-manojñaḥ sarveśvaras tvaṃ mayāvagata-kvacittvaṅguṣṭha-mātrādir apīśvaro janmādi-śūnyaḥ śrūyate | tat kiṃ tava tvad-upāsanasya ca vaividhyaṃ bhaved iti ced om ity āha ye yatheti | ye bhaktā mām ekaṃ vaidūryam iva bahu-rūpaṃ sarveśvaraṃ yathā yena prakāreṇa bhāveneti yāvat prapadyante bhajanti, tān ahaṃ tādṛśas tathaiva tad-bhāvānusāriṇā rūpeṇa bhāvena ca bhajāmi sākṣāt bhavann anugṛhṇāmi | nūnatām eva-kāro nivartayati | ato mamaikasyaiva bahu-rūpasya vartma-bahu-vidham upāsana-mārgam anādi-pravṛtta-tad-upāsaka-paramparānukampitā manuṣyāḥ sarve 'nuvartante anusaranti ||11||

BhG 4.12

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi mokṣārtham eva kim iti sarve tvāṃ na bhajantīti | ata āha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ karma-phalaṃ kāṅkṣantaḥ prāyeneha mānuṣya-loke indrādi-devatā eva yajante | na tu sākṣān mām eva | hi yasmāt karmajā siddhiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ śīghraṃ bhavati | na tu jñāna-phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ, duṣprāpyatvāj jñānasya ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu tvām eva bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ kim iti sarve na prapadyanta iti tatrāha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ phala-niṣpattiṃ kāṅkṣanta iha loke devatā devān indrāgny-ādyān yajante pūjayanti ajñāna-pratihatatvān na tu niṣkāmāḥ santo māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam iti śeṣaḥ | kasmāt ? hi yasmād indrādi-devatā-yājināṃ tat-phala-kāṅkṣiṇāṃ karmajā siddhiḥ karma-janyaṃ phalaṃ kṣipraṃ śīghram eva bhavati mānuṣe loke | jñāna-phalaṃ tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-sāpekṣatvān na kṣipraṃ bhavati |

mānuṣe loke karma-phalaṃ śīghraṃ bhavatīti viśeṣaṇād anya-loke 'pi varṇāśrama-dharma-vyatirikta-karma-phala-siddhir bhagavatā sūcitā | yatas tat tat kṣudra-phala-siddhy-arthaṃ sa-kāmā mokṣa-vimukhā anyā devatā yajante 'to na mumukṣava iva māṃ vāsudevaṃ sākṣāt te prapadyanta ity arthaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatrāpi manuṣyeṣu madhye kāminas tu mama sākṣād-bhūtam api bhakti-mārgaṃ parihāya śīghra-phala-sādhakaṃ karma-vartmaivānuvartanta ity āha kāṅkṣanta iti | karmajā siddhiḥ svargādimayī ||12||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ prāsaṅgikaṃ procya prakṛtasya niṣkāma-karmaṇo jñānākāratvaṃ vadiṣyaṃs tad anuṣṭhātuṃ viralatvam āha kāṅkṣanta iti | iha loke 'nādi-bhoga-vāsanā-niyantritāḥ prāṇinaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ paśuputrādi-phala-niṣpattiṃ kāṅkṣanto 'nityālpa-dān apīndrādi-devān yajante sakāmaiḥ karmabhir na tu sarva-deveśvaraṃ nityānanda-phala-pradam api māṃ niṣkāmais tair yajante | hi yasmād asmin mānuṣe loke karmajā siddhiḥ kṣipraṃ bhavati | niṣkāma-karmārādhitān matto jñānato mokṣa-lakṣaṇā siddhis tu cireṇaiva bhavatīti | sarve lokā bhoga-vāsanā-grasta-sad-asad-vivekāḥ śīghra-bhogecchavas tad-arthaṃ mad-bhṛtyān devān bhajanti | na tu kaścit sad-asad-vivekī saṃsāra-duḥkha-vitrasta-duḥkha-nivṛttaye niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ sarva-deveśaṃ māṃ bhajatīti viralas tad-adhikārīti bhāvaḥ ||12||

BhG 4.13

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kecit sakāmatayā pravartante, kecit niṣkāmatayā iti karma-vaicitryam | tat-kartṛṇā ca brāhmaṇādīnām uttama-madhyamādi-vaicitryaṃ kurvatas tava kathaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ nāsti ? ity āśaṅkyāha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eveti cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthe ṣyañ-pratyayaḥ | ayam arthaḥ -- sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ śama-damādīni karmāṇi | sattva- rajaḥ-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ śaurya-yuddhādīni karmāṇi | rajas- tamaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣi-vāṇijyādīni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ traivarṇika-śuśrūṣādīni karmāṇi | ity evaṃ guṇānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca vibhāgaiś cāturvarṇyaṃ mayaiva sṛṣṭam iti satyam, tathāpy evaṃ tasya kartāram api phalato 'kartāram eva māṃ viddhi | tatra hetuḥ -- avyayam āsakti-rāhityena śrama-rahitaṃ nāśādi-rahitaṃ vā ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : śarīrārambhaka-guṇa-vaiṣamyād api na sarve samāna-svabhāvā ity āha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eva cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthe ṣyañ | mayeśvareṇa sṛṣṭam utpāditaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇa-vibhāgaśaḥ karma-vibhāgaśaś ca | tathā hi sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ ca sāttvikāni śama-damādīni karmāṇi | sattvopasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ ca tādṛśāni śaurya-tejaḥ-prabhṛtīni karmāṇi | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ ca kṛṣy-ādīni tādṛśāni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ ca tāmasāni traivarṇika-śuśrūṣādīni karmāṇīti mānuṣe loke vyavasthitāni |

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu bhakti-jñāna-mārgau mocakau, karma-mārgas tu bandhaka iti sarva-mārga-sraṣṭari tvayi parameśvare vaiṣamyaṃ prasaktam | tatra nahi nahīty āha cāturvarṇyam iti | catvāro varṇā eva cāturvarṇyam | svārthe ṣyañ | atra sattva-pradhānā brāhmaṇās teṣāṃ śama-damādīni karmāṇi | rajaḥ-sattva-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ śaurya-yuddhādīni karmāṇi | tamo-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣi-go-rakṣādīni karmāṇi | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ paricaryātmakaṃ karmety evaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca vibhāgaiś catvāro varṇā mayā dharma-mārgāśritatvena sṛṣṭāḥ | kintu teṣāṃ kartāraṃ sraṣṭāram api mām akartāram asraṣṭāram eva viddhi | teṣāṃ prakṛti-guṇa-sṛṣṭatvāt prakṛteś ca mac-chaktitvāt | sraṣṭāram api māṃ vastutas tv asraṣṭāram | mama prakṛti-guṇātīta-svarūpatvād iti bhāvaḥ | ataevāvyayam | sraṣṭṛtve 'pi na sāmyaṃ kiṃcid evety arthaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ : atha niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāna-virodhi-bhoga-vāsanā-vināśa-hetum āha cāturvarṇyam iti dvābhyām | catvāro varṇāś cāturvarṇyaṃ svārthikaḥ ṣyañ | sattva-pradhānāḥ viprās teṣāṃ śamādīni karmāṇi | rajaḥ-sattva-pradhānāḥ kṣatriyās teṣāṃ yuddhādīni | tamo-rajaḥ-pradhānā vaiśyās teṣāṃ kṛṣy-ādīni | tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ śūdrās teṣāṃ viprādi-trika-paricaryādīnīti guṇa-vibhāgaiḥ karma-vibhāgaiś ca vibhaktāś catvāro varṇāḥ sarveśvareṇa mayā sṛṣṭāḥ sthiti-saṃhṛtyor upalakṣaṇam etat | brahmādi-stambāntasya prapañcasyāham eva sargādi-karteti | yad āha sūtrakāraḥ - janmādy asya yataḥ [Vs 1.1.2] iti | tasya sargādeḥ kartāram api māṃ tat tat karmāntaritatvād akartāraṃ viddhīti svasmin vaiṣamyādikaṃ parihṛtam | etat prāhāvyayaym iti sraṣṭṛtve 'pi sāmyān na vyemīty arthaḥ ||13||

BhG 4.14

śrīdharaḥ : tad eva darśayann āha na mām iti | karmāṇi viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādīny api māṃ na limpanty āsaktaṃ na kurvanti | nirahaṅkāratvān mama karma-phale spṛhābhāvāc ca | māṃ limpantīti kiṃ kartavyam ? yataḥ karma-lepa-rahitatvena māṃ yo 'bhijānāti so 'pi karmabhir na badhyate | mama nirlepatve kāraṇaṃ nirahaṅkāratva-niḥspṛhatvādikaṃ jānatas tasyāpy ahaṅkārādi-śaithilyāt ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : karmāṇi viśva-sargādīni māṃ nirahaṅkāratvena kartṛtvena kartṛtvābhimāna-hīnaṃ bhagavantaṃ na limpanti dehārambhakatvena na badhnanti | evaṃ kartṛtvaṃ nirākṛtya bhoktṛtvaṃ nirākaroti na me mamāpta-kāmasya karma-phale spṛhā tṛṣṇā āpta-kāmasya kā spṛhā iti śruteḥ | kartṛtvābhimāna-phala-spṛhābhyāṃ hi karmāṇi limpanti tad-abhāvān na māṃ karmāṇi limpantīti | evaṃ yo 'nyo 'pi mām akartāram abhoktāraṃ cātmatvenābhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate 'kartrātma-jñānena mucyata ity arthaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv etat tāvad āstām, samprati tvaṃ kṣatriya-kule 'vatīrṇaḥ | kṣatriya-jāty-ucitāni karmāṇi pratyahaṃ karoṣy eva | tatra kā vārtā ity ata āha na mām iti | na limpanti jīvam iva na liptīkurvanti | nāpi jīvasyeva karma-phale svargādau spṛhā | parameśvaratvena svānanda-pūrṇatve 'pi loka-pravartanārtham eva me karmādi-karaṇam iti bhāvaḥ | iti mām iti | yas tu na jānāti sa karmabhir badhyata iti bhāvaḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ : etad viśadayati na mām iti | karmāṇi viśva-sargādīni māṃ na limpanti vaiṣamyādi-doṣeṇa jīvam iva liptaṃ na kurvanti, yat tāni sṛjya-jīva-karma-prayuktāni na ca mat-prayuktāni na ca sargādi-karma-phale mama spṛhāsty ato na limpantīti | phala-spṛhayā yaḥ karmāṇi karoti sa tat-phalair lipyate | ahaṃ tu svarūpānanda-pūrṇaḥ prakṛti-vilīna-kṣetrajña-bubhukṣābhyudita-dayaḥ | parjanyavan nimitta-mātraḥ san tat-karmāṇi pravartayāmīti | smṛtiś ca -

nimitta-mātram evāsau sṛjyānāṃ sarga-karmaṇi | pradhāna-kāraṇībhūtā yato vai sṛjya-śaktayaḥ || ity ādyā |

sṛjyānāṃ deva-mānavādi-bhāva-bhājāṃ kṣetrajñānāṃ sarga-kriyāyām asau pareśo nimitta-mātram eva devādi-bhāva-vaicitryāṃ kāraṇībhūtās tu sṛjyānāṃ teṣāṃ prācīna-karma-śaktaya eva bhavantīti tad-arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakṛt - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇyena [Vs. 2.1.35] ity ādinā | evaṃ jñānasya phalam āha iti mām iti | itthambhūtaṃ māṃ yo 'bhijānāti, sa tad-virodhibhis tad-dhetubhiḥ prācīna-karmabhir na badhyate | tair vimucyata ity arthaḥ ||14||

BhG 4.15

śrīdharaḥ : ye yathā mām ity ādi caturbhiḥ ślokaiḥ prāsaṅgikam īśvarasya vaiṣamyaṃ parihṛtya pūrvoktam eva karma-yogaṃ prapañcayitum anusmārayati evam iti | ahaṅkārādi-rāhityena kṛtaṃ karma bandhakaṃ na bhavati | ity evaṃ jñātvā pūrvair janakādibhir api mumukṣubhiḥ sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ pūrvataraṃ yugāntareṣv api kṛtam | tasmāt tvam api prathamaṃ karmaiva kuru ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : yato nāhaṃ kartā na me karma-phala-spṛheti jñānāt karmabhir na badhyate 'ta āha evam iti | evam ātmano 'kartuḥ karmālepaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvair atikrāntair api asmin yuge yayāti-yadu-prabhṛtibhir mumukṣubhiḥ | tasmāt tvam api karmaiva kuru na tūṣṇīm āsanaṃ nāpi saṃnyāsam | yady atattvavit tadātma-śuddhy-arthaṃ tattva-vic cel loka-saṅgrahārtham | pūrvair janakādibhiḥ pūrvataram atipūrvaṃ yugāntare kṛtam | etenāsmin yuge 'nya-yuge ca pūrva-pūrvataraiḥ kṛtatvād avaśyaṃ tvayā kartavyaṃ karmeti darśayati ||15||

baladevaḥ : evam iti | mām eva jñātvā tad-anusāribhir mac-chiṣyaiḥ pūrvair vivasvad-ādibhir mumukṣubhir niṣkāmaṃ karma kṛtam | tasmāt tvam api karmaiva tat kuru | na karma-saṃnyāsam | aśuddha-cittaś cej jñāna-garbhāyai citta-śuddhyai śuddha-cittaś cel loka-saṅgrahāyety arthaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ pūrvais taiḥ kṛtaṃ ? pūrvataraṃ atiprācīnam ||15||

BhG 4.16

śrīdharaḥ : tac ca tattvavidbhiḥ saha vicārya kartavyam | na loka-paramparā-mātreṇety āha kiṃ karmeti | kiṃ karma ? kīdṛśaṃ karma-karaṇam | kim akarma ? kīdṛśaṃ karmākaraṇam | ity asminn arthe vivekino 'pi mohitāḥ | ato yaj jñātā yad-anuṣṭhāyāśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣyase mukto bhaviṣyasi tat karmākarma ca tubhyam ahaṃ pravakṣyāmi tac chṛṇu ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karma-viṣaye kiṃ kaścit saṃśayo 'py asti yena pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ity atinirbadhnāsi ? asty evety āha kiṃ karmeti | nau-sthasya niṣkriyeṣv api taṭastha-vṛkṣeṣu gamana-bhrama-darśanāt tathā dūrāc cakṣuḥ-saṃnikṛṣṭeṣu gacchatsv api puruṣeṣv agamana-bhrama-darśanāt paramārthataḥ kiṃ karma kiṃ vā paramārthato 'karmeti kavayo medhāvino 'py atrāsmin viṣaye mohitā mohaṃ nirṇayāsāmarthyaṃ prāptā atyanta-durnirūpatvād ity arthaḥ | tat tasmāt te tubhyam ahaṃ karma, a-kāra-praśleṣeṇa cchedād akarma ca pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa sandehocchedena vakṣyāmi | yat karmākarma-svarūpaṃ jñātvā mokṣyase mukto bhaviṣyasy aśubhāt saṃsārāt ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca karmāpi na gatānugatika-nyāyenaiva kevalaṃ vivekinā kartavyam | kintu tasya prakāra-viśeṣaṃ jñātvaivety atas tasya prathamaṃ durjñeyatvam āha ||16||

baladevaḥ : nanu kiṃ karma-viṣayakaḥ kaścit sandeho 'py asti yataḥ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam ity atinirbandhād bravīṣīti ced asty evety āha kiṃ karmeti | mumukṣubhir anuṣṭheyaṃ karma kiṃ rūpaṃ syād akarma ca karmānyat tad-antargataṃ jñānaṃ ca kiṃ rūpam ity arthaḥ | tad-anyatve enaṃ ca | atrārthe kavayo dhīmanto 'pi mohitās tad-yāthātmya-nirṇayāsāmarthyān mohaṃ prāpuḥ | ahaṃ sarveśaḥ sarvajñas te tubhyaṃ tat karma a-kāra-praśleṣād akarma ca pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvānuṣṭhāya prāpya cāśubhāt saṃsārān

BhG 4.17

śrīdharaḥ : nanu loka-prasiddham eva karma dehādi-vyāpārātmakam | akarma tad-avyāpārātmakam | ataḥ katham ucyate kavayo 'py atra mohaṃ prāptā iti ? tatrāha karmaṇa iti | karmaṇo vihita-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | na tu loka-prasiddha-mātram eva | akarmaṇo 'vihita-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | vikarmaṇo niṣiddha-vyāpārasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti | yataḥ karmaṇo gatir gahanā | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇārtham | karmākarma-vikarmaṇāṃ tattvaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarva-loka-prasiddhatvād aham evaitaj jānāmi dehendriyādi-vyāpāraḥ karma tūṣṇīm āsanam akarmeti tatra kiṃ tvayā vaktavyam iti tatrāha karmaṇa iti | hi yasmāt karmaṇaḥ śāstra-vihitasyāpi tattvaṃ boddhavyam asti, vikarmaṇaś ca pratiṣiddhasya, akarmaṇaś ca tūṣṇīmbhāvasya | atra vākya-traye 'pi tattvam asīty adhyāhāraḥ | yasmād gahanā durjñānā | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇaṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇām | gatis tattvam ity arthaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : niṣiddhācaraṇaṃ durgati-prāpakam iti tattvam | tathākarmaṇaḥ karmākaraṇasyāpi sannyāsinaḥ kīdṛśaṃ karmākaraṇaṃ śubhadam iti | anyathā niḥśreyasaṃ kathaṃ hasta-gataṃ syād iti bhāvaḥ | karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇaṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇām | gatis tattvam | gahanā durgamā ||17||

baladevaḥ : nanu kavayo 'pi mohaṃ prāpur iti cet tatrāha karmaṇo hīti | karmaṇo niṣkāmasya mumukṣubhir anuṣṭhātavyasya svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | vikarmaṇo jñāna-viruddhasya kāmya-karmaṇaḥ svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | akarmaṇaś ca karma-bhinnasya jñānasya ca svarūpaṃ boddhavyam | tat-tat-svarūpavidbhiḥ sārdhaṃ vicāryam ity arthaḥ | karmaṇo 'karmaṇaś ca gatir gahanā durgamā | ataḥ kavayo 'pi tatra mohitāḥ ||17||

BhG 4.18

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ karmādīnāṃ durvijñeyatvaṃ darśayann āha karmaṇīti | parameśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇe karmaṇi karma-viṣaye akarma karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyet | tasya jñāna-hetutvena bandhakatvābhāvāt | akarmaṇi ca vihitākaraṇe karma yaḥ paśyet pratyavāyotpādakatvena bandha-hetutvāt | manuṣyeṣu karma kurvāṇeṣu sa buddhimān vyavasāyātmaka-buddhimattvāc chreṣṭhaḥ | taṃ stauti sa yukto yogī | tena karmaṇā jñāna-yogāvāpteḥ | sa eva kṛtsna-karma-kartā ca | sarvataḥ samplutodaka-sthānīye ca tasmin karmaṇi sarva-karma-phalānām antarbhāvāt tad evam ārurukṣoḥ karma-yogādhikārāvasthāyāṃ na karmaṇām anārambhād ity ādinokta eva karma-yogaḥ spaṣṭīkṛtaḥ | tat-prapañca-rūpatvāc cāsya prakaraṇasya na paunaruktya-doṣaḥ | anenaiva yogārūḍhāvasthāyāṃ yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādinā yaḥ karmānupayoga uktas tasyāpy arthāt prapañcaḥ kṛto veditavyaḥ | yad ārurukṣor api karma bandhakaṃ na bhavati tad-ārūḍhasya kuto bandhakaṃ syāt ity atrāpi śloko yujyate |

yad vā, karmaṇi dehendriyādi-vyāpāre vartamāne 'py ātmano dehādi-vyatirekānubhavena akarma svābhāvikaṃ niaṣkarmyam eva yaḥ paśyet tathā akarmaṇi ca jñāna-rahite duḥkha-buddhyā karmaṇāṃ tyāge karma yaḥ paśyet tasya prayatna-sādhyatvena mithyācāratvāt | tad uktaṃ karmendriyāṇi saṃyamyety ādinā | ya evambhūtaḥ sa tu sarveṣu manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | tatra hetuḥ - yataḥ kṛtsnāni sarvāṇi yadṛcchayā prāptāny āhārādīni karmāṇi kurvann api sa yukta eva akartrātma-jñānena samādhistha evety arthaḥ | anenanaiva jñāninaḥ svabhāvād āpannaṃ kalañja-bhakṣaṇādikaṃ na doṣāya | ajñasya tu

madhusūdanaḥ : kīdṛśaṃ tarhi karmādīnāṃ tattvam iti tad āha karmaṇīti | karmaṇi dehendriyādi-vyāpāre vihite pratiṣiddhe cāhaṃ karomīti dharmy-adhyāsenātmany āropit## | nau-sthenācalatsu taṭastha-vṛkṣādiṣu samāropite calana ivākartātma-svarūpālocanena vastutaḥ karmābhāvaṃ taṭastha-vṛkṣādiṣv iva yaḥ paśyet paśyati | tathā dehendriyādiṣu triguṇa-māyā-pariṇāmatvena sarvadā savyāpāreṣu nirvyāpāras tūṣṇīṃ sukham āsa ity abhimānena samāropite 'karmaṇi vyāpāroparame dūrastha-cakṣuḥ-saṃnikṛṣṭa-puruṣeṣu gacchatsv apy agamana iva sarvadā sa-vyāpāra-dehendriyādi-svarūpa-paryālocanena vastu-gatyā karma nivṛttyākhya-prayatna-rūpaṃ vyāpāraṃ yaḥ paśyed udāhṛta-puruṣeṣu gamanam iva | audāsīnyāvasthāyām apy udāsīno 'ham āsa ity abhimāna eva karma | etādṛśaḥ paramārtha-darśī sa buddhimān ity ādinā buddhimattva-yoga-yuktatva-sarva-karma-kṛttvais tribhir dharmaiḥ stūyate |

atra prathama-pādena karma-vikarmaṇos tattvaṃ karma-śabdasya vihita-pratiṣiddha-paratvāt | dvitīya-pādena cākarmaṇas tattvaṃ darśitam iti draṣṭavyam | tatra yat tvaṃ manyase karmaṇo bandha-hetutvāt tūṣṇīm eva mayā sukhena sthātavyam iti tan mṛṣā | asati kartṛtvābhimāne vihitasya pratiṣiddhasya vā karmaṇo bandha-hetutvābhāvāt | tathā ca vyākhyātaṃ na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti [Gītā 4.14] ity ādinā | satica kartṛtvābhimāne tūṣṇīm aham āsa ity audāsīnyābhimānātmakaṃ yat karma tad api bandha-hetur eva vastu-tattvāparijñānāt | tasmāt karma-vikarmākarmaṇāṃ tattvam īdṛśaṃ jñātvā vikarmākarmaṇī parityajya kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-hānena vihitaṃ karmaiva kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ |

aparā vyākhyā karmaṇi jñāna-karmaṇi dṛśye jaḍe sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa cānusyūtaṃ sarva-bhramādhiṣṭhānam akarmāvedyaṃ sva-prakāśa-caitanyaṃ paramārtha-dṛṣṭyā yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca sva-prakāśe dṛg-vastuni kalpitaṃ karma dṛśyaṃ māyā-mayaṃ na paramārtha-sat | dṛg-dṛśyayoḥ sambandhānupapatteḥ -

yas tu sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmany evānupaśyati |

evaṃ parasparādhyāse 'pi śuddhaṃ vastu yaḥ paśyati manuṣyeṣu madhye sa eva buddhimān nānyaḥ | asya paramārtha-darśitvād anyasya cāparamārtha-darśitvāt | sa ca buddhi-sādhana-yogya-yukto 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-aikāgra-cittaḥ | ataḥ sa evāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-sādhana-kṛtsna-karma-kṛd iti vāstava-dharmair eva stūyate | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api paramārtha-darśī bhava tāvataiva kṛtsna-karma-kāritvopapatter ity abhiprāyaḥ |

ato yad uktaṃ yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhād iti | yac coktaṃ karmādīnāṃ tattvaṃ boddhavyam astīti sa buddhimān ity ādi-stutiś ca | tat sarvaṃ paramārtha-darśane saṃgacchate | anya-jñānād aśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣānupapatteḥ | atattvaṃ cānyan na boddhavyaṃ na vā yaj-jñāne buddhimattvam iti yuktaiva paramārtha-darśināṃ vyākhyā |

yat tu vyākhyānaṃ karmaṇi nitye parameśvarārthe 'nuṣṭhīyamāne bandha-hetutvābhāvād akarmedam iti yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca nitya-karmākaraṇe pratyavāya-hetutvena karmedam iti yaḥ paśyet sa buddhimān ity ādi tad asaṅgatam eva | nitya-karmaṇy akarmedam iti jñānasyāśubha-mokṣa-hetutvābhāvāt, mithyājñānatvena tasyivāśubhatvāc ca | na caitādṛśaṃ mithyā-jñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ tattvaṃ nāpy etādṛśa-jñāne buddhimattvādi-stuty-upapattir bhrāntitvāt | nitya-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ hi svarūpato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvāropayujyate na tatrākarma-buddhiḥ kutrāpy upayujyate śāstreṇa nāmādiṣu brahma-dṛṣṭivad avihitatvāt | nāpīdam eva vākyaṃ tad-vidhāyakam upakramādi-virodhasyokteḥ | evaṃ nitya-karmākaraṇam api svarūpato nitya-karma-viruddha-karma-lakṣakatayopayujyate na tu tatra karma-dṛṣṭiḥ kvāpy upayujyate | nāpi nitya-karmākaraṇāt pratyavāyaḥ | abhāvād bhāvotpatty-ayogāt | anyathā tad-aviśeṣeṇa sarvadā kāryotpatti-prasaṅgāt | bhāvārthāḥ karma-śabdās tebhyaḥ kriyā pratīyetaiṣa hy artho vidhīyata iti nyāyena bhāvārthasyaivāpūrva-janakatvāt | atirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ na gṛhṇāti ity ādāv api saṅkalpa-viśeṣasyaivāpūrva-janakatvābhyupagamāt | nekṣetodyantam ādityam ity ādi-prajāpati-vratavat | ato nitya-karmānuṣṭhānārhe kāle tad-viruddhatayā yad-upaveśanādi karma tad eva nitya-karmākaraṇopalakṣitaṃ pratyavāya-hetur iti vaidikānāṃ siddhāntaḥ | ataevākurvan vihitaṃ karmety atra lakṣaṇārthe śatā vyākhyātaḥ | lakṣaṇa-hetvoḥ kriyāyā ity aviśeṣa-smaraṇe 'py atra hetutvānupapatteḥ | tasmān mithyā-darśanāpanode prastute mithyā-darśana-vyākhyānaṃ na śobhatetarām | nāpi nityānuṣṭhāna-param evaitad vākyaṃ nityāni kuryād ity arthe karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi tad-abodhakaraṃ vākyaṃ prayuñjānasya bhagavataḥ pratārakatvāpatter ity ādi bhāṣya eva vistareṇa vyākhyātam ity uparamyate ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra karmākarmaṇos tattva-bodham āha karmaṇīti | śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇasya jñānavattve 'pi janakāder ivākṛta-sannyāsasya karmaṇy anuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāma-karma-yoge akarma | karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyet tat-karmaṇo bandhakatvābhāvāt iti bhāvaḥ | tathāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya jñānābhāve 'pi śāstrajñatvāt jñāna-vāvadūkasya sannyāsino 'karmaṇi karmākaraṇe karma paśyet durgati-prāpakaṃ karma-bandham evopalabhate | sa eva buddhimān | sa tu kṛtsna-karmāṇy eva karoti, na tu tasya jñāna-vāvadūkasya jñāni-māninaḥ saṅgenāpi tad-vacasāpi sannyāsaṃ na karotīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca bhagavad-vākyam -

surān ātmānam ātma-sthaṃ nihnute māṃ ca dharma-hā | avipakva-kaṣāyo 'smād amuṣmāc ca vihīyate || [BhP 11.18.40-1] iti ||18||

baladevaḥ : karmākarmaṇor boddhavyaṃ svarūpam āha karmaṇīti | anuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāme karmaṇi yo 'karma prastutatvāt karmaṇy ātma-jñānaṃ paśyet, akarmaṇy ātma-jñāne yaḥ karma paśyet | etad uktaṃ bhavati - yo mumukṣur hṛd-viśuddhaye kriyamāṇaṃ karmātma-jñānānusandhi-garbhatvāj jñānākāraṃ, tac ca jñānaṃ karma-dvārakatvāt karmākāraṃ paśyet | ubhayor ekātmoddeśyatvād ubhayam ekaṃ vidyād ity arthaḥ | evam eva vakṣyate sāṅkhya-yogau pṛthag bālāḥ ity ādineti | evam anuṣṭhīyamāne karmaṇi ātma-yāthātmyaṃ yo 'nusandhatte sa manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | yukto mokṣa-yogyaḥ | kṛtsna-karma-kṛt sarveṣāṃ karma-phalānām ātma-jñāna-sukhāntarbhūtatvāt ||18||

BhG 4.19

śrīdharaḥ : karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity anena śruty-arthārthāpattibhyāṃ yad uktam artha-dvandvaṃ tad eva spaṣṭayati yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samyag ārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ karmāṇi | kāmyata iti kāmaḥ phalam | tat-saṅkalpena varjitā yasya bhavanti taṃ paṇḍitam āhuḥ | tatra hetur yatas taiḥ samārambhaiḥ śuddhe citte sati jātena jñānāgninā dagdhāny akarmatāṃ nītāni karmāṇi yasya tam | ārūḍhāvasthāyāṃ tu kāmaḥ phala-hetu-viṣayaḥ | tad-artham idaṃ kartavyam iti kartavya-viṣayaḥ saṅkalpaḥ | tābhyāṃ varjitāḥ | śeṣaṃ spaṣṭam ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad etat paramārtha-darśinaḥ kartṛtvābhimānābhāvena karmāliptatvaṃ prapañcyate yasya sarva ity ādi brahma-karma-samādhinety antena | yasya pūrvokta-paramārtha-darśinaḥ sarve yāvanto vaidikā laukikā vā samārambhāḥ samārabhyanta iti vyutpattyā karmāṇi kāma-saṅkalpa-varjitāḥ kāmaḥ phala-tṛṣṇā saṅkalpo 'haṃ karomīti kartṛtvābhimānas tābhyāṃ varjitāḥ | loka-saṅgrahāthaṃ vā jīvana-mātrārthaṃ vā prārabdha-karma-vegād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpā bhavanti | taṃ karmādāv akarmādi-darśanaṃ jñānaṃ tad evāgnis tena dagdhāni śubhāśubha-lakṣaṇāni karmāṇi yasya tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs 4.1.13] iti nyāyāt | jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ taṃ budhā brahma-vidaḥ paramārthataḥ paṇḍitam āhuḥ | samyag-darśī hi paṇḍita ucyate na tu bhrānta ity arthaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ vivṛṇoti yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samyag ārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ karmāṇi | kāmaḥ phalaṃ, tat-saṅkalpena varjitāḥ | jñānam evāgnis tena dagdhāni karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni vihitāni niṣiddhāni ca yasya saḥ | etena vikarmaṇaś ca boddhavyam ity api vivṛtam | etādṛśādhikāriṇi karma yathā akarma paśyet, tathaiva vikarmāpy akarmaiva paśyed iti pūrva-ślokasyaiva saṅgatiḥ | yad agre vakṣyate -

yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute 'rjuna | jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā || [Gītā 4.36-37] iti ||19||

baladevaḥ : karmaṇo jñānākāram āha yasyeti pañcabhiḥ | samārambhāḥ karmāṇi kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ phalāni tat-saṅkalpena varjitāḥ śūnyā yasya karmabhir ātmoddeśino bhavanti | taṃ budhāḥ paṇḍitam ātmajñam āhuḥ | tatra hetuḥ - jñāneti | taiḥ samārambhair hṛd-viśuddhau satyām āvirbhūtenātma-jñānāgninā dagdhāni saṃcitāni karmāṇi yasya tam ||19||

BhG 4.20

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca tyaktveti | karmaṇi tat-phale cāsaktiṃ tyaktvā nityena nijānandena tṛptaḥ | ataeva yoga-kṣemārtham āśrayaṇīya-rahitaḥ | evambhūto yaḥ svābhāvike vihite vā karmaṇy abhitaḥ pravṛtto 'pi kiṃcid eva naiva karoti | tasya karmākarmatām āpadyata ity arthaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhavatu jñānāgninā prāktanānām aprārabdha-karmaṇāṃ dāha āgāmināṃ cānutpattiḥ | jñānotpatti-kāle kriyamāṇaṃ tu pūrvottarayor anantar-bhāvāt phalāya bhaved iti bhavet kasyacid āśaṅkā tām apanudaty āha tyaktveti | karmaṇi phale cāsaṅgaṃ kartṛtvābhimānaṃ bhogābhilāṣaṃ ca tyaktvākartr-abhoktr-ātma-samyag-darśanena bādhitvā nitya-tṛptaḥ paramānanda-svarūpa-lābhena sarvatra nirākāṅkṣaḥ | nirāśraya āśrayo dehendriyādir advaita-darśanena nirgato yasmāt sa nirāśrayo dehendriyādy-abhimāna-śūnyaḥ | phala-kāmanāyāḥ kartṛtvābhimānasya ca nivṛttau hetu-garbhaṃ krameṇa viśeṣaṇa-dvayam | evambhūto jīvanmukto vyutthāna-daśāyāṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : nitya-tṛpto nityaṃ nijānandaena tṛptaḥ | nirāśrayaḥ svayoga-kṣemārthaṃ na kam apy āśrayate ||20||

baladevaḥ : uktam arthaṃ viśadayati tyaktveti | karma-phale saṅgaṃ tyaktvā nityenātmanānubhūtena tṛpto nirāśrayo yoga-kṣemaārtahm apy āśraya-rahita īdṛśo yo 'dhikārī sa karmaṇy abhitaḥ pravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti | karmānuṣṭhānāpadeśena jñāna-niṣṭhām eva sampādayatīty ārurukṣor daśeyam | etena vikarmaṇaḥ svarūpaṃ bandhakatvaṃ boddhavyam ity uktaṃ bhavati ||20||

BhG 4.21

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca nirāśīr iti | nirgatā āśiṣaḥ kāmanā yasmāt | yataṃ niyataṃ cittam ātmā śarīraṃ ca yasya | tyaktāḥ sarve parigraho yena | sa śarīraṃ śarīra-mātra-nirvartyaṃ kartṛtvābhiniveśa-rahitaṃ kurvann api kilbiṣam bandhanaṃ na prāpnoti | yogārūḍha-pakṣe śārīra-nirvāha-mātropayogi svābhāvikaṃ bhikṣāṭanādi kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ vihitākaraṇa-nimitta-doṣaṃ na prāpnoti ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : yadātyanta-vikṣepa-hetor api jyotiṣṭomādeḥ samyag-jñāna-vaśān na tat-phala-janakatvaṃ tadā śarīra-sthiti-mātra-hetor avikṣepakasya bhikṣāṭanāder nāsty eva bandha-hetutvam iti kaimutya-nyāyenāha nirāśīr iti | nirāśīr gata-tṛṣṇo yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥkaraṇam ātmā bāhyendriya-sahito dehas tau saṃyatau pratyāhāreṇa nigṛhītau yena saḥ | yato jitendriyo 'to vigata-tṛṣṇatvāt tyakta-sarva-parigrahas tyaktāḥ sarve parigrahā bhogopakaraṇāni yena saḥ | etādṛśo 'pi prārabdha-karma-vaśāc chārīraṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kaupīnācchādanādi-grahaṇa-bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpaṃ yatiṃ prati śāstrābhyanujñātaṃ karma kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca, tad api kevalaṃ kartṛtvābhimāna-śūnyaṃ parādhyāropita-kartṛtvena kurvan paramārthato 'kartrātma-darśanān nāpnoti na prāpnoti kilbiṣaṃ dharmādharma-phala-bhūtam aniṣṭaṃ saṃsāraṃ pāpavat puṇyasyāpy aniṣṭa-phalatvena kilbiṣatvam |

ye tu śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīram iti vyācakṣate tan mate kevalaṃ karma kurvann ity ato 'dhikārthālābhād avyāvartakatvena śārīra-padasya vaiyarthyam | atha vācika-mānasika-vyāvartanātham iti brūyāt tadā karma-padasya vihita-mātra-paratvena śārīraṃ vihitaṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ity aprasakta-pratiṣedho 'narthakaḥ | pratiṣiddha-sādhāraṇa-paratve 'py evam eva vyāghāta iti bhāṣya eva vistaraḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : ātmā sthūla-dehaḥ | śārīraṃ śārīra-nirvāhārthaṃ karmāsat-pratigrahādikaṃ kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ pāpaṃ nāpnotīty etad api vikarmaṇaś ca boddhavyam ity asya vivaraṇam ||21||

baladevaḥ : athārūḍhasya daśām āha nirāśīr iti tribhiḥ | nirgatā āśīḥ phalecchā yasmāt sa | yata-cittātmā vaśīkṛta-citta-dehas tyakta-sarva-parigraha ātmaikāvalokanārthatvāt prākṛteṣu vastuṣu mamatva-varjitaḥ | śārīraṃ karma śarīra-nirvāhārthaṃ karmāsat-parigrahādi kurvann api kilbiṣaṃ pāpaṃ nāpnoti ||21||

BhG 4.22

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca yadṛcchā-lābheti | aprārthitopasthito lābho yadṛcchā-lābhaḥ | tena santuṣṭaḥ | dvandvāni śītoṣṇādīny atīto 'tikrāntaḥ | tat-sahana-śīla ity arthaḥ | vimatsaro nirvairaḥ | yadṛcchā-lābhasyāpi siddhāv asiddhau ca samo harṣa-viṣāda-rahitaḥ | ya evambhūtaḥ sa pūrvottara-bhūmikayor yathāyathaṃ vihitaṃ svābhāvikaṃ vā karma kṛtvāpi bandhaṃ na prāpnoti ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yateḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ karmābhyanujñātaṃ tatrānnācchādanādi-vyatirekeṇa śarīra-sthiter asaṃbhavād yācñādināpi sva-prayatnenānnādikaṃ sampādyam iti prāpte niyamāyāha yadṛcchā-lābheti | śāstrānanumata-prayatna-vyatireko yadṛcchā tayaiva yo lābho 'nnācchādanādeḥ śāstrānumatasya sa yadṛcchālābhas tena santuṣṭas tad-adhika-tṛṣṇā-rahitaḥ | tathā ca śāstraṃ bhaikṣaṃ caret iti prakṛṣya ayācitam asaṃk ptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā iti yācñā-saṃkalpādi-prayatnaṃ vārayati | manur api -

na cotpāta-nimittābhyāṃ na nakṣatrāṅgavidyayā |

yatayo bhikṣārthaṃ grāmaṃ viśantīty ādi-śāstrānumatas tu prayatnaḥ kartavya eva | evaṃ labdhavyam api śāstra-niyatam eva -

kaupīna-yugalaṃ vāsaḥ kanthāṃ śīta-nivāriṇīm | pāduke cāpi gṛhṇīyāt kuryān nānyasya saṅgraham || ity ādi |

evam anyad api vidhi-niṣedha-rūpaṃ śāstram ūhyam | nanu sva-prayatnam antareṇālābhe śītoṣṇādi-pīḍitaḥ kathaṃ jīved ata āha dvandvātīta dvandvāni kṣut-pipāsā-śītoṣṇa-varṣādīni atīto 'tikrāntaḥ samādhi-daśāyāṃ teṣām asphuraṇāt | vyutthāna-daśāyāṃ sphuraṇe 'pi paramānandādvitīyākartr-abhoktr-ātma-pratyayena bādhāt tair dvandvair upahanyamāno 'py akṣubhita-cittaḥ | ataeva parasya lābhe svasyālābhe ca vimatsaraḥ parotkarṣāsahana-pūrvikā svotkarṣa-vāñchā matsaras tad-rahito 'dvitīyātma-darśanena nirvaira-buddhiḥ | ataeva samas tulyo yadṛcchā-lābhasya siddhāv asiddhau ca siddhau na hṛṣṭo nāpy asiddhau viṣaṇṇaḥ sa svānubhavenākartaiva parair āropita-kartṛtvaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : atha śarīra-nirvāhārtham annācchādanādikaṃ sva-prayatnena na sampādyam ity āha yadṛcchayeti | yācñāṃ vinaiva lābho yadṛcchā-lābhas tena santuṣṭas tṛptaḥ | dvandvāni śītoṣṇādīny atītas tat-sahiṣṇuḥ | vimatsaro 'nyair upadruto 'pi taiḥ saha vairam akurvan yadṛcchā-lābha-siddhau harṣasya tad-asiddhau viṣādasya cābhāvāt sama evaṃbhūtaḥ śārīraṃ karma kṛtvāpi tena tena na badhyate jñāna-niṣṭhā-prabhāvān na lipyate ||22||

BhG 4.23

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca gata-saṅgasyeti | gata-saṅgasya niṣkāmasya rāgādibhir muktasya | jñāne 'vasthitaṃ ceto yasya tasya | yajñāya parameśvarārthaṃ karmācarataḥ sataḥ samagraṃ savāsanaṃ karma pravilīyate | akarma-bhāvam āpadyate | arūḍha-yoga-pakṣe yajñāyeti | yajñāya yajña-rakṣaṇārthaṃ loka-saṃgrahārtham eva karma kurvata ity arthaḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭasya yater yac-charīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādi-rūpaṃ karma tat kṛtvā na nibadhyata ity ukte gṛhasthasya brahma-vido janakāder yajñādi-rūpaṃ yat karma tad-bandha-hetuḥ syād iti bhavet kasyacid āśaṅkā tām apanetuṃ tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgam ity ādinoktaṃ vivṛṇoti gata-saṅgasyeti | gata-saṅgasya phalāsaṅga-śūnyasya muktasya kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvādy-adhyāsa-śūnyasya jñānāvasthita-cetaso nirvikalpaka-brahmātmaikya-bodha eva sthitaṃ cittaṃ yasya tasya sthita-prajñasyety arthaḥ | uttarottara-viśeṣaṇasya pūrva-pūrva-hetutvenānvayo draṣṭavyaḥ | gata-saṅgatvaṃ kuto yato 'dhyāsa-hīnatvaṃ tat kuto yataḥ sthita-prajñatvam iti | īdṛśasyāpi prārabdha-karma-vaśād yajñāya yajña-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jyotiṣṭomādi-yajñe śreṣṭhācāratvena loka-pravṛtty-arthaṃ yajñāya viṣṇave tat-prīty-artham iti vā | ācarataḥ karma yajña-dānādikaṃ samagraṃ sahāgreṇa phalena vidyata iti samagraṃ pravilīyate prakarṣeṇa kāraṇocchedena tattva-darśanād vilīyate vinaśyatīty arthaḥ ||23||

BhG 4.24

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ parameśvarārādhana-lakṣaṇaṃ karma jñāna-hetutvena bandhakatvābhāvād akarmaiva | āruḍhāvasthāyāṃ tu akartrātma-jñānena bādhitatvāt svābhāvikam api karma-karmaiveti karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity anenoktaḥ karma-pravilayaḥ prapañcitaḥ | idānīṃ karmaṇi tad-aṅgeṣu ca brahmaivānusyūtaṃ paśyataḥ karma-pravilayam āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ sruv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api ghṛtādikaṃ brahmaiva | brahmaivāgniḥ | tasmin brahmaṇā kartrā hutaṃ homaḥ | agniś ca kartā ca kriyā ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | evaṃ brahmaṇy eva karmātmake samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena brahmaiva gantavyaṃ prāpyam | na tu phalāntaram ity arthaḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kriyamāṇaṃ karma phalam ajanayitvaiva kuto naśyati brahma-bodhe tat-kāraṇocchedād ity āha brahmārpaṇam iti | aneka-kāraka-sādhyā hi yajñādi-kriyā bhavati | devatoddeśena hi dravya-tyāgo yāgaḥ | sa eva tyajyamāna-dravyasyāgnau prakṣepād dhoma ity ucyate | tatroddeśyā devatā sampradānaṃ, tyajyamānaṃ dravyaṃ haviḥ-śabda-vācyaṃ sākṣād-dhātv-artha-karma, tat phalaṃ tu svargādi vyavahitaṃ bhāvanā-karma | evaṃ dhārakatvena haviṣo 'gnau prakṣepe sādhakatamatayā juhvādi karaṇaṃ prakāśakatayā mantrādīti karaṇam api kāraka-jñāpaka-bhedena dvividham | evaṃ tyāgo 'gnau prakṣepaś ca dve kriye | tatrādyāyāṃ yajamānaḥ kartā | prakṣepe tu yajamāna-parikrīto 'dhvaryuḥ prakṣepādhikaraṇaṃ cāgniḥ | evaṃ deśa-kālādikam apy adhikaraṇaṃ sarva-kriyā-sādhāraṇaṃ draṣṭavyam |

tad evaṃ sarveṣāṃ kriyā-kārakādi-vyavahārāṇāṃ brahma-jñāna-kalpitānāṃ rajjv-ajñāna-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārā-daṇḍādīnāṃ rajju-tattva-jñāneneva brahma-tattva-jñānena bādhe badhitānuvṛttyā kriyākārakādi-vyavhārābhāso dṛśyamāno 'pi dagdha-paṭa-nyāyena na phalāya kalpata ity anena ślokena pratipādyate | brahma-dṛṣṭir eva ca sarva-yajñātmiketi stūyate |

tathā hi - arpyate 'neneti karaṇa-vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ juhvādi mantrādi ca | evam arpyate 'smā iti vyutpattyārpaṇaṃ devatā-rūpaṃ sampradānam | evam arpyate 'sminn iti vyutpattyārpaṇam adhikaraṇaṃ deśa-kālādi | tat sarvaṃ brahmaṇi kalpitatvād brahmaiva rajju-kalpita-bhujaṅgavad adhiṣṭhāna-vyatirekeṇāsad ity arthaḥ | evaṃ havis-tyāga-prakṣepa-kriyayoḥ sākṣāt karma kārakaṃ tad api brahmaiva | evaṃ yatra prakṣipyate 'gnau so 'pi brahmaiva | brahmāgnāv iti samastaṃ padam | tathā yena kartrā yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca tyajyate prakṣipyate ca tad ubhayam api kartṛ-kārakaṃ kartari vihitayā tṛtīyayānūdya brahmeti nidhīyae brahmaṇeti | evaṃ hutam iti havanaṃ tyāga-kriyā prakṣepa-kriyā ca tad api brahmaiva | tathā yena havanena yad gantavyaṃ svargādi vyavahitaṃ karma tad api brahmaiva | atratya eva-kāraḥ sarvatra sambadhyate | hutam ity atrāpīta eva brahmety anuṣajyate | vyavadhānābhāvāt sākāṅkṣatvāc ca cit-patis tvā punātu ity ādāv acchidreṇetyādi-para-vākya-śeṣavat |

anena rūpeṇa karmaṇi samādhir brahma-jñānaṃ yasya sa karma-samādhis tena brahma-vidā karmānuṣṭhātrāpi brahma paramānandādvayaṃ gantavyam ity anuṣajyate | sākāṅkṣatvād avyavadhānāc ca yā te agne rajāśayety ādau tanūr varṣiṣṭheyādi-pūrva-vākya-śeṣavat |

athavārpyate 'smai phalāyeti vyutpattyārpaṇa-padenaiva svargādi-phalam api grāhyam | tathā ca brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā ity uttarārdhaṃ jñāna-phala-kathanāyaiveti samañjasam | asmin pakṣe brahma-karma-samādhinety ekaṃ vā padam | pūrvaṃ brahma-padaṃ hutam ity anena sambadhyate caramaṃ gantavya-padeneti bhinnaṃ vā padam | evaṃ ca nānuṣaṅga-dvaya-kleśa iti draṣṭavyam | brahma gantavyam ity abhedenaiva tat-prāptir upacārāt | ataeva na svargādi tuccha-phalaṃ tena gantavyaṃ vidyayāvidyaka-kāraka-vyavahārocchedāt | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kṛdbhiḥ -

kāraka-vyavahāre hi śuddhaṃ vastu na vīkṣyate | śuddhe vastuni siddhe ca kāraka-vyāvṛttiḥ kutaḥ || iti |

viśvanāthaḥ :. yajñāyācarata ity uktam | sa yajña eva kīdṛśaḥ ? ity apekṣāyām āha brahmeti | arpyate 'nenety arpaṇaṃ juhv-ādi | tad api brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ havir api brahmaiva | brahmaivāgnāv iti havanādhikaraṇam agnir api brahmaiva | evaṃ vivekatavatā puṃsā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ, na tu phalāntaram | kutaḥ ? brahmātmakaṃ yat karma tatraiva samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena ||24||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ vivikta-jīvātmānusandhi-garbhatayā sva-vihitasya karmaṇo jñānākāratām abhidhāya sāṅgasya tasya parātma-rūpatānusandhinā tad-ākāratām āha brahmārpaṇam iti | arpyate 'nenātmaiveti vyutpatter arpaṇaṃ sruvaṃ mantrādhidaivataṃ cendrādi tat tac ca brahmaiva | arpyamāṇaṃ haviś cājyādi tad api brahmaiva | tac ca havir homādhāre 'gnau brahmaṇi yajamānenādhvaryuṇā ca brahmaṇā hutaṃ tyaktaṃ prakṣiptaṃ ca | agnir yajamāno 'dhvaryuś ca brahmaivety arthaḥ | brahmāgnāv ity atra ṇi-kāra-lopaś chāndasaḥ | na ca samastaṃ padam iti vācyam | agnau brahma-dṛṣṭer vidheyatvād itthaṃ ca brahma-rūpe sāṅge karmaṇi samādhiś cittaikāgryaṃ yasya tena mumukṣuṇā brahmaiva gantavyaṃ sva-svarūpaṃ para-svarūpaṃ ca labhyam avalokyam ity arthaḥ | vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda ity ādau jīve brahma-śabdaḥ | vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma ity ādau paramātmani ca brahmārpaṇatvādi-guṇa-yogān nāsya prakaraṇasya paunaruktam | sruv-ādīnāṃ brahmatvaṃ tad-āyatta-vṛttikatvāt tad-vāpyatvāc ca iti vyākhyātāraḥ | tādṛśatayānusandhitaṃ karma-jñānākāraṃ sat tad avalokanāya kalpyate ||24||

BhG 4.25

śrīdharaḥ : etad eva yajñatvena sampāditaṃ sarvatra brahma-darśana-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ sarva-yajñopāya-prāpyatvāt sarva-yajñebhyaḥ śreṣṭham ity evaṃ stotum adhikāri-bhedena jñānopāya-bhūtān bahūn yajñān āha daivam ity ādibhir aṣṭabhiḥ | devā indra-varuṇādaya ijyante yasmin | eva-kāreṇendrādiṣu brahma-buddhi-rāhityaṃ darśitam | taṃ daivam eva yajñam apare karma-yoginaḥ paryupāsate śraddhayānutiṣṭhanti | apare tu jñāna-yogino brahma-rūpe 'gnau apare yajñenaivopāyena brahmārpaṇam ity ādy ukta-prakāreṇa yajñam upajuhvati | yajñādi-sarva-karmāṇi pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ | so 'yaṃ jñāna-yajñaḥ ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā samyag-darśanasya yajña-rūpatvena stāvakatayā brahmārpaṇa-mantre sthite punar api tasya stuty-artham itarāny ajñān upanyasyati daivam iti | devā indrāgny-ādaya ijyante yena sa daivas tam eva yajñaṃ darśa-pūrṇamāsa-jyotiṣṭomādi-rūpam apare yoginaḥ paryupāsate sarvadā kurvanti na jñāna-yajñam | evaṃ karma-yajñam uktvāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvāreṇa tat-phala-bhūtaṃ jñāna-yajñam āha brahmāgnau satya-jñānānantānanda-rūpaṃ nirasta-samasta-viśeṣaṃ brahma tat-padārthas tasminn agnau yajñaṃ pratyag ātmānaṃ tva-padārthaṃ yajñenaiva | yajña-śabda ātma-nāmasu yāskena paṭhitaḥ | itthambhūta-lakṣaṇe tṛtīyā | eva-kāro bhedābheda-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | tvaṃ-padārthābhedenaivopajuhvati tat-svarūpatayā paśyantīty arthaḥ | apare pūrva-vilakṣaṇās tattva-darśana-niṣṭhāḥ saṃnyāsina ity arthaḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : yajñāḥ khalu bhedenānye 'pi bahavo vartante | tāṃs tvaṃ śṛṇv ity āha daivam evety aṣṭabhiḥ | devā indra-varuṇādaya ijyante yasmin taṃ daivam iti | indrādiṣu brahma-buddhi-rāhityaṃ darśitam | sāsya devatety aṇ | yoginaḥ karma-yoginaḥ | apare jñāna-yoginas tu brahma paramātmaivāgnis tasmiṃs tat-padārthe yajñaṃ haviḥ-sthānīyaṃ tvaṃ-padārthaṃ jīvaṃ yajñena praṇava-rūpeṇa mantreṇaiva juhvati | ayam eva jñāna-yajño 'gre stoṣyate | atra yajñaṃ yajñena iti śabdau karma-karaṇa-sādhanau prathamātiśayoktyā śuddha-jīva-praṇavāvāhatuḥ ||25||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ brahmānusandhi-garbhatayā ca karmaṇo jñānākāratāṃ nirūpya karma-yoga-bhedān āha daivam iti | daivam indrādi-devārcana-rūpaṃ yajñam apare yoginaḥ paryupāsate tatraiva niṣṭhāṃ kurvanti | apare brahmārpaṇaṃ ity ādi-nyāyena brahma-bhūtāgnāv yajñena sruvādinā yajñaṃ ghṛtādi-havī-rūpaṃ juhvati homa eva niṣṭhāṃ kurvatīty arthaḥ ||25||

BhG 4.26

śrīdharaḥ : śrotrādīnīti | anye naiṣṭhikī brahmacāriṇas tat-tad-indriya-saṃyama-rūpeṣv agniṣu śrotrādīni juhvati pravilāpayanti | indriyāṇi nirudhya saṃyama-pradhānās tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | indriyāṇy evāgnayaḥ | teṣu śabdādīn anye gṛhasthā juhvati | viṣaya-bhoga-samaye 'py anāsaktāḥ santo 'gnitvena bhāviteṣv indriyeṣu haviṣṭvena bhāvitān śabdādīn prakṣipantīty arthaḥ ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : anye naiṣṭhikāḥ śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi | saṃyamaḥ saṃyataṃ mana evāgnayas teṣu juhvati | śuddhe manasīndriyāṇi pravlāpayantīty arthaḥ | anye tato nyūnā brahmacāriṇaḥ śabdādīn viṣayāni indriyāgniṣv indriyāṇy evāgnayas teṣu juhvati śabdādīnīndriyeṣu pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ ||26||

baladevaḥ : śrotrādīnīty anye naiṣṭhika-brahmacāriṇaḥ saṃyamāgniṣu tat-tad-ndriya-saṃyama-rūpeṣv agniṣu śrotrādīni juhvati tāni nirudhya saṃyama-pradhānās tiṣṭhanti | anye gṛhiṇa indriyāgniṣv agnitvena bhāviteṣu śrotrādiṣu śabdādīn upajuhvati anāsaktyā tān bhuñjānās tāni tat-pravaṇāni kurvanti ||26||

BhG 4.27

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvāṇīti | apare dhyāna-niṣṭhāḥ | buddhīndriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnāṃ karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanādīni | karmendriyāṇāṃ vāk-pāṇy-ādīnāṃ karmāṇi vacanopādānādīni | prāṇānāṃ ca daśānāṃ karmāṇi | prāṇasya bahir gamanam | apānasyādho-nayanam | vyānasya vyānayanam ākuñcana-prasāraṇādi | samānasyāśitapītādīnāṃ samunnayanam | udānasyordhva-nayanam -

udgāre nāga ākhyātaḥ kūrmas tūnmīlane smṛtaḥ | kṛkaraḥ kṣut-karo jñeyo devadatto vijṛmbhaṇe |

ity evaṃ rūpāṇi juhvati | ātmani saṃyamo dhyānaikāgryam | sa eva yogaḥ | sa evāgniḥ | tasmin jñānena dhyeya-viṣayeṇa dīpite prajvalite dhyeyaṃ samyag jñātvā tasmin manaḥ saṃyamya tāni sarvāṇi karmāṇy uparamayantīty arthaḥ ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad ananyatvam ārambhaṇa-śabdādibhyaḥ [Vs. 2.1.14] apare śuddha-tvaṃ-padārtha-vijñāḥ | sarvāṇīndriyāṇi tat-karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanāni sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : apare śuddha-tvaṃ-padārtha-vijñāḥ | sarvāṇīndriyāṇi tat-karmāṇi śravaṇa-darśanādīni ca | prāṇa-karmāṇi daśa-prāṇās tat-karmāṇi ca | prāṇasya bahir gamanam | apānasyādho-nayanam | samānasya bhukta-pītādīnāṃ samīkaraṇam | udānasyoccair nayanam | vyānasya viṣvak-nayanam |

udgāre nāga ākhyātaḥ kūrmas tūnmīlane smṛtaḥ | kṛkaraḥ kṣut-karo jñeyo devadatto vijṛmbhaṇe |

ity evaṃ daśa-prāṇās tat-karmāṇi | ātmanas tvaṃ-padārthasya saṃyamaḥ śuddhir evāgnis tasmin juhvati | mano-buddhy-ādīndriyāṇi daśa-prāṇāṃś ca pravilāpayanti | ekaḥ pratyag ātmaivāsti, nānye mana ādāya iti bhāvayantīty arthaḥ ||27||

baladevaḥ : sarvāṇīti | apare indriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau ca juhvati | ātmano manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ sa eva yogas tasminn agnitvena bhāvite juhvati | manasā indriyāṇāṃ prāṇānāṃ ca karma-pravaṇatāṃ nivārayituṃ prayatante | indriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnāṃ karmāṇi śabda-grahaṇādīni prāṇa-karmāṇi prāṇasya bahir-gamanaṃ karma, apānasyādhogamanaṃ, vyānasya nikhila-deha-vyāpanam ākuñcana-prasāraṇādi, samānasyāśita-pītādi-samīkaraṇam, udānasyordhva-nayanaṃ cety evaṃ bodhyāni sarvāṇi sāmastyena jñāna-dīpite ātmānusandhānojjvalite ||27||

BhG 4.28

śrīdharaḥ : dravya-yajñā ity ādi | dravya-dānam eva yajño yeṣāṃ te dravya-yajñāḥ | kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi tapa eva yajño yeṣāṃ te eva yajño yeṣāṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yogo 'ṣṭāṅga eva yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | svādhyāyena vedena śravaṇa-mananādinā yat tad artha-jñānaṃ tad eva yajño yeṣāṃ te svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāḥ | yad vā veda-pāṭha-yajñās tad-artha-jñāna-yajñāś ceti dvividhāḥ | yatayaḥ prayatna-śīlāḥ | samyak śitaṃ tīkṣṇīkṛtaṃ vrataṃ yeṣāṃ te ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : dravya-dānam eva yajño yeṣāṃ te dravya-yajñāḥ | tapaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādy eva yajño yeṣāṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yogo 'ṣṭāṅga eva yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | svādhyāyo vedasya pāṭhas tad-arthasya jñānaṃ ca yajño yeṣāṃ te | yatayo yatna-parāḥ | sarva ete samyak śitaṃ tīkṣṇīkṛtaṃ vrataṃ yeṣāṃ te ||28||

baladevaḥ : dravyeti | kecit karma-yogino dravya-yajñā annādi-dāna-parāḥ | kecit tapo-yajñāḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-vrata-parāḥ | kecit svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñā vedābhyāsa-parās tad-arthābhyāsa-parāś ca | yatayas tatra prayatna-śīlāḥ | saṃśita-vratās tīkṣṇa-tat-tad-ācaraṇāḥ ||28||

BhG 4.29

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca apāne iti | apāne 'dho-vṛttau prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttiṃ pūrakeṇa juhvati | pūraka-kāle prāṇam apānenaikīkurvanti | tathā kumbhakena prāṇāpānayor ūrdhvādho-gatī ruddhvā recaka-kāle 'pānaṃ prāṇe juhvati | evaṃ pūraka-kumbhaka-recakaiḥ prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇā apara ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca apara iti | apare tv āhāra-saṅkocam abhyasyantaḥ svayam eva jīryamāṇeṣv indriyeṣu tat-tad-indriya-vṛtti-layaṃ bhāvayantīty arthaḥ |

yad vā - apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpara ity anena pūraka-recakayor āvartamānayor haṃsaḥ so 'ham ity anulomataḥ pratilomataś ca abhivyajyamānenājapā-mantreṇa tat-ttvaṃ-padārthaikyaṃ vyatīhāreṇa bhāvayantīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre - sa-kāreṇa bahir yāti haṃ-kāreṇa viśet punaḥ | prāṇas tatra sa evāhaṃ haṃsa ity anucintayet || iti |

prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvety anena tu ślokena prāṇāyāma-yajñā aparaiḥ kathyante | tatrāyam arthaḥ - dvau bhāgau pūrayed annair jalenaikaṃ prapūrayet | pracārārthaṃ caturtham avaśeṣayed iti | evam ādi-vacanokto niyata āhāro yeṣāṃ te | kumbhakena prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ santaḥ prāṇān indriyāṇi prāṇeṣu juhvati | kumbhake hi sarve prāṇā ekībhavantīti tatraiva layamāneṣv indriyeṣu homaṃ bhāvayantīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre -

yathā yathā sadābhyāsān manasaḥ sthiratā bhavet | vāyu-vāk-kāya-dṛṣṭīnāṃ sthiratā ca tathā tathā || iti ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : apare prāṇāyāma-niṣṭhāḥ apāne 'dho-vṛttau prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttaṃ juhvati pūraka-kāle prāṇam apānenaikīkurvanti | tathā recaka-kāle 'pānaṃ prāṇe juhvati | kumbhaka-kāle prāṇāpānayor gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇā bhavanti | apare indriya-jaya-kāmāḥ | niyatāhārā alpāhārāḥ prāṇeṣv āhāra-saṅkocanenaiva jīvyamāneṣu prāṇān indriyāṇi juhvati | indriyāṇāṃ prāṇādhīna-vṛttitvāt prāṇa-daurbalye sati svayam eva sva-sva-viṣaya-grahaṇāsamarthānīndriyāṇi prāṇeṣv evālpīyanta ity arthaḥ ||29||

baladevaḥ : kiṃ cāpāne iti | tathāpare prāṇāyāma- parāyaṇās te tridhā adho-vṛttāv apāne prāṇam ūrdhva-vṛttiṃ juhvati | pūrakeṇa prāṇam apānena sahaikīkurvanti | tathā prāṇe 'pānaṃ juhvati recakenāpānaṃ prāṇena sahaikīkṛtya bahir nirgamayanti | yathā prāṇāpānayor gatī śvāsa-praśvāsau kumbhakena ruddhvā vartanta iti | āntarasya vāyor nāsāsyena bahir nirgamaḥ śvāsaḥ prāṇasya gatiḥ | vinirgatasya tasyāntaḥ-praveśaḥ praśvāso 'pānasya gatiḥ | tayor nirodhaḥ kumbhakaḥ sa dvividhaḥ vāyum āpūrya śvāsa-praśvāsayor nirodho 'ntaḥ-kumbhakaḥ | vāyuṃ virecya tayor nirodho bhaiḥ kumbhakaḥ | apare nityatāhārāḥ bhojana-saṅkocaam abhyasyantaḥ prāṇān indriyāṇi prāṇeṣu juhvati | teṣv alpāhāreṇa jīryamāṇeṣu tad-āyatta-vṛttikāni tāni viṣaya-grahaṇākṣamāṇi taptāyoniṣiktoda-binduvat teṣv eva vilīyante ||29||

BhG 4.30

śrīdharaḥ : tad evam uktānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ yajña-vidāṃ phalam āha sarve 'pīti | yajñān vindanti labhanta iti yajña-vidaḥ | yajña-jñā iti vā | yajñaiḥ kṣayitaṃ nāśitaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yais te ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam uktānāṃ dvādaśadhā yajña-vidāṃ phalam āha sarve 'pīti | yajñān vidanti jānanti vindanti labhante veti yajña-vido yajñānāṃ jñātāraḥ kartāraś ca | yajñaiḥ pūrvoktaiḥ kṣapitaṃ nāśitaṃ kalmaṣaṃ pāpaṃ yeṣāṃ te yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ | yajñān kṛtvāvaśiṣṭe kāle 'nnam amṛta-śabda-vācyaṃ bhuñjata iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ | te sarve 'pi sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa yānti brahma sanātanaṃ nityaṃ saṃsārān mucyanta ity arthaḥ ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : sarve 'py ete yajña-vida ukta-lakṣaṇān yajñān vindamānāḥ santo jñāna-dvārā brahma yānti | atrānanusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yajñāvaśiṣṭaṃ yad amṛtaṃ bhogaiśvarya-siddhy-ādikaṃ tad bhuñjata iti ||30||

baladevaḥ : ete khalv indirya-vijaya-kāmāḥ sarve 'pīti yajña-vidaḥ | pūrvoktān devādi-yajñān vindamānā tair eva yajñaiḥ kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ ||30||

BhG 4.31

śrīdharaḥ : yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhuja iti | yajñān kṛtvā avaśiṣṭe kāle 'niṣiddham annam amṛta-rūpaṃ bhuñjata iti tathā | te sanātanaṃ nityaṃ brahma jñāna-dvāreṇa prāpnuvanti | tad-akaraṇe doṣam āha nāyam iti | ayam alpa-sukho 'pi manuṣya-loko 'yajñasya yajñānuṣṭhāna-rahitasya nāsti | kuto 'nyo bahu-sukhaḥ para-lokaḥ | ato yajñāḥ sarvathā kartavyā ity arthaḥ ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam anvaye guṇam uktvā vyatireke doṣam āha yejñety ardhena | uktānāṃ yajñānāṃ madhye 'nyatamo 'pi yajño yasya nāsti so 'yajñas tasyāyam alpa-sukho 'pi manuṣya-loko nāsti sarva-nindyatvāt | kuto 'nyo viśiṣṭa-sādhana-sādhyaḥ para-loko he kuru-sattama ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : tathānusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha brahma yāntīti | tad-akaraṇe pratyavāyam āha nāyam iti | ayam alpa-sukho manuṣa-loko 'pi nāsti | kuto 'nyo devādi-lokas tena prāptavya ity arthaḥ ||31||

baladevaḥ : ananusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yajña-śiṣṭeti | yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yad amṛtam annādi bhogaiśvarya-siddhy-ādi ca tad-bhuñjānāḥ | anusaṃhitaṃ phalam āha yāntīti | tat-sādhyena jñānena brahmeti prāgvat ||30||

BhG 4.32

śrīdharaḥ : jñāna-yajñaṃ stotum uktān yajñān upasaṃharati evaṃ bahu-vidhā iti | brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe vitatāḥ | vedena sākṣād-vihitā ity arthaḥ | tathāpi tān sarvān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ātma-svarūpa-saṃsparśa-rahitān viddhi jānīhi | ātmanaḥ karmāgocaratvāt | evaṃ jñātvā jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ san saṃsārād vimukto bhaviṣyasi ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ tvayā svotprekṣā-mātreṇaivam ucyate na hi veda evātra pramāṇam ity āha evam iti | evaṃ yathoktā bahu-vidhā bahu-prakārā yajñāḥ sarva-vaidika-śreyaḥ-sādhana-rūpā vitatā vistṛtā brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe dvāre veda-dvāreṇaivaite 'vagatā ity arthaḥ | veda-vākyāni tu pratyekaṃ vistara-bhayān nodāhriyante | karmajān kāyika-vācika-mānasa-karmodbhavān viddhi jānīhi tān sarvān yajñān nātmajān | nirvyāpāro hy ātmā na tad-vyāpārā ete kintu nirvyāpāro 'ham udāsīna ity evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase 'smāt saṃsāra-bandhanād iti śeṣaḥ ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ : brahmaṇo vedasya mukhena vedena svamukhenaiva spaṣṭam uktā ity arthaḥ | karmajān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ||32||

baladevaḥ : evam iti | brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe vitatāḥ | viviktātma-prāpty-upāyatayā sva-mukhenaiva tena sphuṭam uktāḥ | karmajān vāṅ-manaḥ-kāya-karma-janitān ity arthaḥ | evaṃ jñātvā tad-upāyatayā tenoktān tān avabudhyānuṣṭhāya tad-utpanna-vijñānenāvalokitātma-dvayaḥ saṃsārād vimokṣyase ||32||

BhG 4.33

śrīdharaḥ : karma-yajñāj jñāna-yajñas tu śreṣṭha ity āha śreyān iti | dravya-mayād anātma-vyāpāra-janyād daivādi-yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān śreṣṭhaḥ | yadyapi jñāna-yajñasyāpi mano-vyāpārādhīnatvam asty eva tathāpy ātma-svarūpasya jñānasya manaḥ-pariṇāme 'bhivyakti-mātram | na taj-janyatvam iti dravya-mayād viśeṣaḥ | śreṣṭhatve hetuḥ -- sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ phala-sahitaṃ jñāne parisamāpyate | antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃ ca prajāḥ sādhu kurvantīti śruteḥ ||33||

madhusūdanaḥ : sarveṣāṃ tulyavan nirdeśātma-karma-jñānayoḥ sāmya-prāptāv āha śreyān iti | śreyān praśasyataraḥ sākṣān mokṣa-phalatvāt | dravya-mayāt tad-upalakṣitāj jñāna-śūnyāt sarvasmād api yajñāt saṃsāra-phalāj jñāna-yajña eka eva | he parantapa ! kasmād evam ? yasmāt sarvaṃ karmeṣṭi-paśu-soma-cayana-rūpaṃ śrautam akhilaṃ niravaśeṣaṃ smārtam upāsanādi-rūpaṃ ca yat karma taj-jñāne brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāre samāpyate pratibandha-kṣaya-dvāreṇa paryavasyati | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dāne tapasānāśakena iti dharmena pāpam apanudati iti ca śruteḥ | sarvāpekṣā ca yajñādi-śruter aśvavat [Vs. 3.4.26] iti nyāyāc cety arthaḥ ||33||

viśvanāthaḥ : teṣāṃ madhye brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma-havir iti lakṣaṇād api dravya-mayād yajñād brahmāgnāv ity anenokto jñāna-yajñaḥ śreyān | kutaḥ ? jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilam avyarthaṃ sat parisamāpyate samāptībhavati | jñānānantaraṃ karma na tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||33||

baladevaḥ : uktāḥ karma-yogā viviktātmānusandhi-garbhatvād araṇyād iva ubhaya-rūpās teṣu jñāna-rūpaṃ saṃstauti śreyān iti | dvirūpe karmaṇi karma-dravya-bhayād aṃśāj jñāna-mayo 'ṃśaḥ śreyān praśastaraḥ | dravya-mayād ity upalakṣaṇām indirya-saṃyamādīnāṃ teṣāṃ tad-upāyatvāt | etad vivṛṇoti - he pārtha ! jñāne sati sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ sāṅgaṃ parisamāpyate nivṛttim eti phale jāte sādhana-nivṛtter darśanāt ||33||

BhG 4.34

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtātma-jñāne sādhanam āha tad iti | tad taj jñānaṃ viddhi jānīhi prāpnuhīty arthaḥ | jñānināṃ praṇipātena daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | tataḥ paripraśnena | kuto 'yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ vā nivarteta ? iti paripraśnena | sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā ca | jñāninaḥ śāstrajñāḥ | tattva-darśino 'parokṣānubhava-sampannāś ca | te tubhyaṃ jñānam upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-jñāna-prāptau ko 'tipratyāsanna upāya ity ucyate tad viddhīti | tat-sarva-karma-phala-bhūtaṃ jñānaṃ viddhi labhasva ācāryānabhigamya teṣāṃ praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena ko 'haṃ kathaṃ baddho 'smi kenopāyena mucyeyam ity ādi paripraśnena bahu-viṣayeṇa praśnena | sevayā sarva-bhāvena tad-anukūla-kāritayā | evaṃ bhakti-śraddhātiśaya-pūrvakeṇāvanati-viśeṣeṇābhimukhāḥ santa upadekṣyanty upadeśena sampādayiṣyanti te tubhyaṃ jñānaṃ paramātma-viṣayaṃ sākṣān mokṣa-phalaṃ jñāninaḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇās tattva-darśinaḥ kṛta-sākṣātkārāḥ | sākṣātkāravadbhir upadiṣṭam eva jñānaṃ phala-paryavasāyi na tu tad-rahitaiḥ pada-vākya-nyāyādimāna-nipuṇair apīti bhagavato matam | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruti-saṃvādi | tatrāpi śrotriyam adhīta-vedaṃ brahma-niṣṭhaṃ kṛta-brahma-sākṣātkāram iti vyākhyānāt | bahu-vacanaṃ cedam ācārya-viṣayam ekasminn api gauravātiśayārthaṃ na tu bahutva-vivakṣayā | ekasmād eva tattva-sākṣātkāravata ācāryāt tattva-jñānodaye satyācāryāntara-gamanasya tad-artham ayogād iti draṣṭavyam ||34||

viśvanāthaḥ : taj-jñāna-prāptaye prakāram āha tad iti | praṇipātena jñānopadeṣṭari gurau daṇḍavan-namaskāreṇa | bhagavan ! kuto 'yaṃ me saṃsāraḥ ? kathaṃ nivartiṣyate ? iti paripraśnena ca | sevayā tat-paricaryayā ca | tad vijñānārthaṃ sa gurum evābhigacchet samit-pāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahma-niṣṭham iti śruteḥ ||34||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ jīva-svarūpa-jñānaṃ tat-sādhanaṃ ca sāṅgam upadiśya para-svarūpopāsana-jñānam upadśan sat-prasaṅga-labhyatvaṃ tasyāha tad iti | yad arthaṃ tad ubhayaṃ mayā tavopadiṣṭaṃ avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādinā tat parātma-sambandhi-jñānaṃ praṇipātādibhiḥ prasāditebhyo jñānibhyaḥ sadbhyas tvam avagata-sva-svarūpo viddhi prāpnuhi | tatra praṇipāto daṇḍavat-praṇatiḥ | sevā bhṛtyavat teṣāṃ paricaryā | paripraśnaḥ tat-svarūpa-tad-guṇa-tad-vibhūti-viṣayako vividhaḥ praśnaḥ |

nanūdāsīnās te na vakṣyantīti cet tatrāha upeti | te jñānino 'dhigata-svarūpātmānaḥ praṇipātādinā taj-jijñāsutām ālakṣya te tubhyaṃ tādṛśāya tat-sambandhi jñānam upadekṣyanti tattva-darśinas taj-jñāna-pracārakāḥ kāruṇikā iti yāvat |

nanv atra tad iti jīva-jñānaṃ vācyaṃ prakṛtatvād iti cen, na | na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ [Gītā 2.12], yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ [Gītā 2.61], ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā [Gītā 4.6] ity ādinā parātmano 'py aprākṛtatvāt | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ - anyārthaś ca parāmarśaḥ [Vs. 1.3.20] iti | anyathā śruti-sūtrārtha-saṃvādino 'grimasya jñāna-mahimno virodhaḥ syād uktam eva suṣṭhu ||34||

BhG 4.35

śrīdharaḥ : jñāna-phalam āha yaj jñātveti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yaj jñānaṃ jñātvā prāpya punar bandhu-vadhādi-nimittaṃ moham na prāpsyasi | tatra hetuḥ - yena jñānena bhūtāni pitāputrādīni svāvidyā-vijṛmbhitāni svātmany evābhedena drakṣyasi | atho anantaram ātmānaṃ mayi paramātmany abhedena drakṣyasīty arthaḥ ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam atinirbandhena jñānotpādane kiṃsyāt ata āha yaj jñātveti | yat pūrvoktaṃ jñānam ācāryair upadiṣṭaṃ jñātvā prāpya | odana-pākaṃ pacatītivat tasyaiva dhātoḥ | sāmānya-vivakṣayā prayogaḥ | na punar moham evaṃ bandhu-vadhādi-nimittaṃ bhramaṃ yāsyasi | he parantapa !

kasmād evaṃ yasmād eva jñānena bhūtāni pitṛ-putrādīni aśeṣeṇa brahmādi-stamba-paryantāni svāvidyā-vijṛmbhitāni ātmani tvayi tvaṃ-padārthe 'tho api mayi bhagavati vāsudeve tat-padārthe paramārthato bheda-rahite 'dhiṣṭhāna-bhūte drakṣyasy abhedenaiva | adhiṣṭhānātirekeṇa kalpitasyābhāvāt | māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam ātmatvena sākṣātkṛtya sarvājñāna-nāśe tat-kāryāṇi bhūtāni na sthāsyantīti bhāvaḥ ||35||

viśvanāthaḥ : jñānasya phalam āha yaj jñātveti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yaj jñānaṃ dehād atiikta evātmeti lakṣaṇaṃ jñātvaivaṃ moham antaḥ-karaṇa-dharmaṃ na prāpsyasi | yena ca moha-vigamena svābhāvika-nitya-siddhātma-jñāna-lābhād aśeṣāṇi bhūtāni manuṣya-tiryag-ādīny ātmani jīvātmany upādhitvena sthitāni pṛthag drakṣyasi | atho mayi parama-kāraṇe ca kāryatvena sthitāni drakṣyasi ||35||

baladevaḥ : ukta-jñāna-phalam āha yad iti | yaj-jīva-jñāna-pūrvakaṃ paramātma-sambandhi-jñānaṃ jñātvopalabhya punar evaṃ bandhu-vadhādi-hetukaṃ mohaṃ na yāsyasi | kathaṃ na yāsyāmītiy atrāha yeneti | yena jñānena bhūtāni deva-mānavādi-śarīrāṇi aśeṣeṇa sāmastyena sarvāṇīty arthaḥ | ātmani sva-svarūpe upādhitvena sthitāni tāni pṛthag drakṣyasi | atho mayi sarveśvare sarva-hetau kāryatvena sthitāni tāni drakṣyasīti | etad uktaṃ bhavati - deha-dvaya-viviktā jīvātmānas teṣāṃ hari-vimukhānāṃ hari-māyayaiva deheṣu daihikteṣu ca mamatvāni racitāni | hantṛ-hantavya-bhāvāvabhāsaś ca tayaiva | śuddha-svarūpāṇāṃ na tat-tat-sambaddhaḥ | paramātmā khalu sarveśvaraḥ svāśritānāṃ jīvānāṃ tat-tat-karmānuguṇatayā tat-tad-dehendriyāṇi tat-tad-deha-yātrāṃ lokāntareṣu tat-tat-sukha-bhogāṃś ca sampādayaty upāsitas tu muktim ity eva jñānino na mohāvakāśa iti ||35||

BhG 4.36

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca api ced iti | sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kāribhyo yadyapy atiśayena pāpa-kārī tvam asi, tathāpi sarvaṃ pāpa-samudraṃ jñāna-plavenaiva jñāna-potenaiva samyag-anāyāsena tariṣyasi ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca śṛṇu jñānasya māhātmyam api ced iti | api ced ity asambhāvitābhyupagama-pradarśanārthau nipātau | yadyapy ayam artho na sambhavaty eva, tathāpi jñāna-phala-kathanāyābhyupetyocyate | yadyapi tvaṃ pāpa-kāribhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'py atiśayena pāpa-kārī pāpa-kṛttamaḥ syās tathāpi sarvaṃ vṛjinaṃ pāpam atidustaratvenārṇava-sadṛśaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva nānyena jñānam eva plavaṃ potaṃ kṛtvā santariṣyasi samyag anāyāsena punar āvṛtti-varjitatvena ca tariṣyasi atikramiṣyasi | vṛjina-śabdenātra dharmādharma-rūpaṃ karma saṃsāra-phalam abhipretaṃ mumukṣoḥ pāpavat puṇyasyāpy aniṣṭatvāt ||36||

viśvanāthaḥ : jñānasya māhātmyam āha api ced iti | pāpibhyaḥ pāpa-kṛdbhyo 'pi sakāśād yadyapy atiśayena pāpakārī tvam asi, tathāpi atraitāvat pāpa-sattve katham antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiḥ ? tad-abhāve ca kathaṃ jñānotpattiḥ ? nāpy utpanna-jñānasyaitad durācāratvaṃ sambhaved ato 'tra vyākhyā śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādānām - api ced ity asambhāvitābhyupagama-pradarśanārthau nipātau | yadyapy ayam artho na sambhavaty eva, tathāpi jñāna-phala-kathanāyābhyupetyocyate ity eṣā ||36||

baladevaḥ : jñāna-prabhāvam āha api ced iti | yadyapi sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kartṛbhyas tvam atiśayena pāpa-kṛd asi, tathāpi sarvaṃ vṛjinaṃ nikhilaṃ pāpaṃ dustaratvenārṇava-tulyam ukta-lakṣaṇa-jñāna-plavena santariṣyasi ||36||

BhG 4.37

śrīdharaḥ : samudravat sthitasyaiva pāpasyātilaṅghana-mātraṃ, na tu pāpasya nāśaḥ | iti bhrāntiṃ dṛṣṭāntena vārayann āha yathaidhāṃsīti | edhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni pradīpto 'gnir yathā bhasmībhāvaṃ nayati tathātma-jñānam āpanno mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatātmani vindati labhata ity arthaḥ ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu samudravat taraṇe karmaṇāṃ nāśo na syād ity āśaṅkya dṛṣṭāntaram āha yathaidhāṃsīti | yathaidhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ prajvalito 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute bhasmībhāvaṃ nayati he 'rjuna jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi pāpāni puṇyāni cāviśeṣeṇa prārabdha-phala-bhinnāni bhasmasāt kurute tathā tat-kāraṇājñāna-vināśena vināśayatīty arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

bhidyate hṛdaya-granthiś chidyante sarvasaṃśayāḥ |

tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt | itarasyāpy evam asaṃśleṣaḥ pāte tu [Vs. 4.1.13-14] iti ca sūtre | anārabdhe puṇya-pāpe naśyata evety atra sūtram anārabdha-kārya eva tu pūrve tad-avadheḥ [Vs. 4.1.15] iti | jñānotpādaka-dehārambhakāṇāṃ tu tad-dehānta eva vināśaḥ | tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ yāvan na vimokṣye [ChāndU 6.14.2] iti śruteḥ | bhogena tv itare kṣapayitvā sampadyate [Vs. 4.1.19] iti sūtrāc ca | ādhikārikāṇāṃ tu yāny eva jñānotpādaka-dehārambhakāṇi tāny eva dehāntarārambhakāṇy api | yathā vasiṣṭāpāntara-tamaḥ-prabhṛtīnām | tathā ca sūtraṃ yāvad-adhikāram avasthitir ādhikārikāṇām [Vs. 3.3.32] iti | adhikāro 'neka-dehārambhakaṃ balavat-prārabdha-phalaṃ karma | tac copāsakānām eva nānyeṣāṃ | anārabdha-phalāni naśyanti ārabdha-phalāni tu yāvad-bhoga-samāpti tiṣṭhanti | bhogaś caikena dehenānekena veti na viśeṣaḥ | vistaras tv ākara draṣṭavyaḥ ||37||

viśvanāthaḥ : śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasyotpannaṃ tu prārabdha-bhinnaṃ karma-mātraṃ vināśayatīti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | samiddhaḥ prajvalitaḥ ||37||

baladevaḥ : brahma-vidyayā pāpa-karmāṇi naśyantīty uktam | idānīṃ puṇya-karmāṇy api naśyantīty āha yatheti | edhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ prajvalito 'gnir yathā bhasmasāt kurute, tathā jñānāgniḥ sva-parātmānubhava-vahniḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi puṇyāni pāpāni ca prārabdhetarāṇi bhasmasāt kurute | tatra sañcitāni prārabdhetarāṇīpīkatulavan nirdahati kriyamāṇāni padma-patrāmbu-binduvad viśeṣayati prārabdhāni tu tat-prabhāvenātijīrṇāny api sat-patha-pracārārthayā harer icchayaivātmānubhaviny avasthāpayatīti | śrutiś ca -ubhe uhaivaiṣa ete taraty amṛtaḥ sādhvasādhunī iti | eṣa brahmānubhavī ubhe saṃcitya kriyamāṇe ete sādhvasādhunī puṇya-pāpe karmaṇī tarati krāmatīty arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs. 4.1.13] ity ādibhiḥ ||37||

BhG 4.38

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha na hīti | pavitraṃ śuddhi-karam | iha tapo-yogādiṣu madhye jñāna-tulyaṃ nāsty eva | tarhi sarve 'pi kim ity ātma-jñānam eva nābhyasanta iti ? ata āha tat svayam iti sārdhena | tad ātmani viṣaye jñānaṃ kālena mahatā karma-yogena saṃsiddho yogyatāṃ prāptaḥ san svayam evānāyāsena labhate | na tu karma-yogaṃ vinety arthaḥ ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt na hīti | na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam anyad iha vede loka-vyavahāre vā vidyate, jñāna-bhinnasya ajñānānivartakatvena samūla-pāpa-nivartakatvābhāvāt kāraṇa-sad-bhāvena punaḥ pāpodayāc ca | jñānena tv ajñāna-nivṛttyā samūla-pāpa-nivṛttir iti tat-samam anyac ca vidyate |

viśvanāthaḥ : iha tapo-yogādi-yukteṣu madhye jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ kim api nāsti | taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabham | kintu yogena niṣkāma-karma-yogena samyak siddha eva, na tv aparipakvaḥ | so 'pi kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ prāptaṃ vindati | na tu sannyāsa-grahaṇa-mātreṇaiveti bhāvaḥ ||38||

baladevaḥ : na hīti | hi yato jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitraṃ śuddhi-karaṃ tapas tīrthāṭanādikaṃ nāsti | atas tat sarva-pāpa-nāśakaṃ taj jñānaṃ na sarva-sulabhaṃ, kintu yogena niṣkāma-karmaṇā saṃsiddhaḥ paripakva eva kālenaiva, na tu sadyaḥ | ātmani svasmin svayaṃ labdhaṃ vindati | na tu pārivrājya-grahaṇa-mātreṇeti ||38||

BhG 4.39

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca śraddhāvān iti | śraddhāvān gurūpadiṣṭe 'rthe āstikya-buddhimān | tat-paras tad-eka-niṣṭhaḥ | saṃyatendriyaś ca | taj jñānaṃ labhate | nānyaḥ | ataḥ śraddhādi-sampattyā jñāna-lābhāt prāk karma-yoga eva śuddhy-artham anuṣṭheyaḥ | jñāna-lābhānantaraṃ tu na tasya kiṃcit kartavyam ity āha jñānaṃ labdhvā tu mokṣam acireṇa prāpnoti ||39||

madhusūdanaḥ : yenaikāntena jñāna-prāptir bhavati sa upāyaḥ pūrvokta-praṇipātādy-apekṣayāpy āsannatara ucyate śraddhāvān iti | guru-vedānta-vākyeṣv idam ittham veti pramā-rūpāstikya-buddhiḥ śraddhā tadvān puruṣo labhate jñānam | etādṛśo 'pi kaścid alasaḥ syāt tatrāha tat-paraḥ | gurūpāsanādau jñānopāye 'tyantābhiyuktaḥ | śraddhāvāṃs tat-paro 'pi kaścid ajitendriyaḥ syād ata āha saṃyatendriyaḥ | saṃyatāni viṣayebhyo nivartitānīndriyāṇi yena sa saṃyatendriyaḥ | ya evaṃ viśeṣaṇa-traya-yuktaḥ so 'vaśyaṃ jñānaṃ labhate | praṇipātādis tu bāhyo māyāvitvādi-sambhavād anaikāntiko 'pi | śraddhāvattvādis tv aikāntika upāya ity arthaḥ |

īdṛśenopāyena jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ caramāṃ śāntim avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛtti-rūpāṃ muktim acireṇa tad-avyavadhānenaivādhigacchati labhate | yathā hi dīpaḥ svotpatti-mātreṇaivāndhakāra-nivṛttiṃ karoti na tu kaṃcit sahakāriṇam apekṣate tathā jñānam api svotpatti-mātreṇaivājñāna-nivṛttiṃ karoti na tu kiṃcit prasaṅkhyānādikam apekṣata iti bhāvaḥ ||39||

viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi kīdṛśaḥ san kadā prāpnotīty ata āha śraddhāvān iti | śraddhā niṣkāma-karmaṇaivāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhyaiva jñānaṃ syād iti śāstrārthaṃ āstikya-buddhis tadvān eva | tat-paras tad-anuṣṭhāna-niṣṭhas tādṛśo 'pi yadā saṃyatendriyaḥ syāt tadā parāṃ śāntim saṃsāra-nāśam ||39||

baladevaḥ : kīdṛśaḥ san kadā vindatīty āha śraddhāvān iti | niṣkāmena karmaṇā hṛd-viśuddhau jñānaṃ syād iti | dṛḍha-viśvāsaḥ śraddhā tadvān | tat-paras tad-anuṣṭhāna-niṣṭhas tādṛg api yadā saṃyatendriyas tadā parāṃ śāntim muktim ||39||

BhG 4.40

śrīdharaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇam uktvā tad-viparītam anadhikāriṇam āha ajñaś ceti | ajño gurūpadiṣṭārthānabhijñaḥ | kathaṃcij jñāne jāte 'pi tatrāśraddadhānaś ca | jātāyām api śraddhāyāṃ mamedaṃ siddhen na veti aṃśayākrānta-cittaś ca vinaśyate | svārthād bhraśyati | eteṣu triṣv api saṃśayātmā sarvathā naśyati | yatas tasyāyaṃ loko nāsti dhanārjana-vivāhādy-asiddheḥ | na ca para-loko dharmasyāniṣpatteḥ | na ca sukhaṃ saṃśayenaaiva bhogasyāpy asambhavāt ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : atra ca saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ, kasmāt ? ajña iti | ajño 'nadhīta-śāstratvenātma-jñāna-śūnyaḥ | guru-vedānta-vākyārtha idam evaṃ na bhavaty eveti viparyaya-rūpā nāstikya-buddhir aśraddhā tadvān aśraddadhānaḥ | idam evaṃ bhavati na veti sarvatra saṃśayākrānta-cittaḥ saṃśayātmā vinaśyati svārthād bhraṣṭo bhavati | ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca vinaśyatīti saṃśayātmāpekṣayā nyūnatva-kathanārthaṃ cakārābhyāṃ tayoḥ prayogaḥ | kutaḥ ? saṃśayātmā hi sarvataḥ pāpīyān yato nāyaṃ manuṣya-loko 'sti vittārjanādy-abhāvāt, na paro lokaḥ svarga-mokṣādi-dharma-jñānādy-abhāvāt | na sukhaṃ bhojanādi-kṛtaṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ sarvatra sandehākrānta-cittasya | ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca paro loko nāsti manuṣya-loko bhojanādi-sukhaṃ ca vartate | saṃśayātmā tu tritaya-hīnatvena sarvataḥ pāpīyān ity arthaḥ ||40||

viśvanāthaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇam uktvā tad-viparītādhikāriṇam āha ajñaś ceti | ajñaḥ paśv-ādivan mūḍhaḥ | aśraddadhānaḥ śāstra-jñānavattve 'pi nānā-vādināṃ paraspara-vipratipattiṃ dṛṣṭvā na kvāpi viśvastaḥ | śraddhāvattve 'pi saṃśayātmā mamaitat sidhyen na veti sandehākrānt-matiḥ | teṣv api madhye saṃśayātmānaṃ viśeṣato nindati nāyam iti ||40||

baladevaḥ : jñānādhikāriṇaṃ tat-phalaṃ cābhidhāya tad-viparītaṃ tat-phalaṃ cāha ajñaś ceti | ajñaḥ paśv-ādivac chāstra-jñāna-hīnaḥ | aśraddadhānaḥ śāstra-jñāne saty api vivādi-pratipattibhir na kvāpi viśvastaḥ, śraddadhānatve 'pi saṃśayātmā mamaitat siddhyen na veti sandihāna-manā vinaśyati svārthād vicyavate | teṣv api madhye saṃśayātmānaṃ vinindati nāyam iti | ayaṃ prākṛto lokaḥ paro 'prākṛtaḥ saṃśayātmanaḥ kiṃcid api sukhaṃ nāsti | śāstrīya-karma-janyaṃ hi sukhaṃ, tac ca karma viviktātma-jñāna-pūrvakam | tatra sandihānasya kutas tad ity arthaḥ ||40||

BhG 4.41

śrīdharaḥ : adhyāya-dvayoktāṃ pūrvāpara-bhūmikā-bhedena karma-jñāna-mayīṃ dvividhāṃ brahma-niṣṭhām upasaṃharati yogeti dvābhyām | yogena parameśvarārādhana-rūpeṇa tasmin saṃnyastāni karmāṇi yena taṃ karmāṇi sva-phalair na nibadhnanti | tataś ca jñānena ātma-bodhena kartrā saṃchinnaḥ saṃsāro dehādy-atimāna-lakṣaṇo yasya tam ātmavantam apramādinaṃ karmāṇi loka-saṅgrahārthāni svātāvikāni vā na nibadhnanti ||41||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśaysya sarvānartha-mūlasya saṃśayasya nirākaraṇāyātma-niścayam upāyaṃ vadann adhyāya-dvayoktāṃ pūrvāpara-bhūmikā-bhedena karma-jñāna-mayīṃ dvividhāṃ brahma-niṣṭhām upasaṃharati yogeti dvābhyām | yogena bhagavad-ārādhana-lakṣaṇa-samatva-buddhi-rūpeṇa saṃnyastāni bhagavati samarpitāni karmāṇi yena | yad vā paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇena yogena saṃnyastāni tyaktāni karmāṇi yena taṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇam | saṃśaye sati kathaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmatvam ata āha jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaṃ jñānenātma-niścaya-lakṣaṇena cchinnaḥ saṃśayo yena tam | viṣaya-para-vaśatva-svarūpa-prasāde sati kuto jñānotpattir ity ata āha ātmavantam apramādinaṃ sarvadā sāvadhānam | etādṛśam apramāditvena jñānavantaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayatvena yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ karmāṇi loka-saṅgrahārthāni vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpāṇi vā na nibadhnanti aniṣṭam iṣṭaṃ miśraṃ vā śarīraṃ nārabhante he dhanaṃjaya ||41||

viśvanāthaḥ : naiṣkarmyaṃ tv etādṛśasya syād ity āha yogān niṣkāma-karma-yogānantaram eva saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ saṃnyāsena tyakta-karmāṇam | tataś ca jñānābhyāsānantaraṃ chinna-saṃśayam | ātmavantaṃ prāpta-pratyag-ātmānaṃ karmāṇi na nibadhnanti ||41||

baladevaḥ : īdṛśasya naiṣkarmya-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ syād ity āha yogeti | yogena yoga-sthaḥ kuru karmāṇi ity atroktena saṃnyastāni jñānākāratāpannāni karmāṇi yasya tam | mad-upadiṣṭena jñānena chinna-saṃśayo yasya tam | ātmavantam avalokitātmānaṃ karmāṇi na nibadhnanti | teṣāṃ jñānena vigamāt ||42||

BhG 4.42

śrīdharaḥ : tasmād iti | yasmād evaṃ tasmād ātmano 'jñānena saṃbhūtaṃ hṛdi-sthitam enaṃ saṃśayaṃ śokādi-nimittaṃ dehātma-viveka-khaḍgena chittvā paramātma-jñānopāya-bhūtaṃ karma-yogam ātiṣṭhāśraya | tatra ca prathamaṃ prastutāya yuddhāyottiṣṭha | he bhārateti kṣatriyatvena yuddhasya dharmatvaṃ darśitam ||42||

iti śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām jñāna-yogo nāma

viśvanāthaḥ : upasaṃharati tasmād iti | hṛt-sthaṃ hṛd-gataṃ saṃśayaṃ chittvā yogaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogam ātiṣṭhāśraya | uttiṣṭha yuddhaṃ kartum iti bhāvaḥ ||42||

baladevaḥ : tasmād iti | hṛt-sthaṃ hṛd-gatam ātma-viṣayakaṃ saṃśayaṃ mad-upadiṣṭena jñānāsinā chittvā yogaṃ niṣkāmaṃ karma mayopadiṣṭam ātiṣṭha | tad-artham uttiṣṭheti ||42||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ ||4||

caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ - brahmārpaṇa-yogaḥ

Bhagavadgita 5

BhG 5.1

ajñāna-sambhūtaṃ saṃśayaṃ jñānāsinā chittvā karma-yogam ātiṣṭha ity uktam | tatra pūrvāpara-virodhaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti | yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādinā sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha ity ādinā ca karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kathayasi | jñānāsinā saṃśayaṃ chittvā yogam ātiṣṭha iti punar yogaṃ ca kathayasi | na ca karma-saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmād etayor madhya ekasminn anuṣṭhātavye sati mama yac chreyaḥ suniścitam tad ekaṃ brūhi ||1||

tṛtīye 'dhyāye jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te ity ādinārjunena pṛṣṭo bhagavān jñāna-karmaṇor vikalpa-samuccayāsambhavenādhikāri-bheda-vyavasthayā loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha ity ādinā nirṇayaṃ kṛtavān | tathā cājñādhikārikaṃ karma na jñānena saha samuccīyate tejas-timirayor iva yugapad asambhavāt karmādhikāra-hetu-bheda-buddhy-apanodakatvena jñānasya tad-virodhitvāt | nāpi vikalpyate ekārthatvābhāvāt | jñāna-kāryasyājñāna-nāśasya karmaṇā kartum aśakyatvāt tam eva viditvāpi mṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nāyanāya iti śruteḥ |

jñāne jāte tu karma-kāryaṃ nāpekṣyata evety uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | tathā ca jñāninaḥ karmānadhikāre niścite prārabdha-karma-vaśād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa tad-anuṣṭhānaṃ vā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso veti nirvivādaṃ caturthe nirṇītam | ajñena tv antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñānotpattaye karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāni tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | evaṃ sarva-karmāṇi jñānārthāni | tathā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'pi jñānārthaḥ śrūyate etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, śānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet, tyajataiva hi taj jñeyaṃ tyuktuḥ pratyak paraṃ padam, satyānṛte sukha-duḥkhe vedān imaṃ lokam amuṃ ca parityajyātmānam anvicchet ity ādau |

tatra karma tat-tyāgayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipatyopakārakayoḥ prayājāvaghātayor iva na samuccayaḥ sambhavati viruddhatvena yaugapadyābhāvāt | nāpi karma-tat-tyāgayor ātma-jñāna-mātra-phalatvenaikārthatvād atirātrayoḥ ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇāgrahaṇayor iva vikalpaḥ syāt | dvāra-bhedenaikārthatvābhāvāt | karmaṇo hi pāpa-kṣaya-rūpam adṛṣṭam eva dvāraṃ, saṃnyāsasya tu sarva-vikṣepābhāvena vicārāvasara-dāna-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭam eva dvāram | niyamāpūrvaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-samavāyitvād avaghātādāv iva na prayojakam | tathā cādṛṣṭārtha-dṛṣṭārthayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipātyopakārakayor eka-pradhānārthatve 'pi vikalpo nāsty eva | prayājāvaghātādīnām api tat-prasaṅgāt | tasmāt krameṇobhayam apy anṣṭheyam | tatrāpi saṃnyāsānantaraṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ cet tadā parityakta-pūrvāśrama-svīkāreṇārūḍha-patitatvāt karmānadhikāritvaṃ prāktana-saṃnyāsa-vaiyarthyaṃ ca tasyādṛṣṭārthatvābhāvāt | prathama-kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānādhikāra-lābhe tad-uttara-kāle karmānuṣṭhāna-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | tasmād ādau bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhau tīvreṇa vairāgyeṇa vividiṣāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇa-mananādi-rūpa-vedānta-vākya-vicārāya kartavya iti bhagavato matam | tathā coktam - na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute iti | vakṣyate ca -

ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |

yogo 'tra tīvra-vairāgya-pūrvikā vividiṣā | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ -

pratyag vividiṣāsiddhyai vedānuvacanādayaḥ | brahmāvāptyai tu tat-tyāga īpsantīti śruter balāt || iti |

smṛtiś ca - kaṣāya-paṅktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṃ tu paramā gatiḥ | kaṣāye karmabhiḥ pakve tato jñānaṃ pravartate || iti |

tam āsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ | triṣv āśrameṣu ko nv artho bhavet paramābhīpsitaḥ || iti |

mokṣaṃ vairāgyam | etena kramākrama-saṃnyāso dvāv api darśinau | tathā ca śrutiḥ - brahmacaryaṃ samāpya gṛhī bhaved gṛhād vanī bhūtvā pravrajed yadi vetarathā brahmacaryād eva pravrajed gṛhād vā vanād vā yad ahar eva virajet tad ahar eva pravrajet iti |

tasmād ajñasyāviraktatā-daśāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva | tasyaiva viraktatā-daśāyāṃ saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇādy-avasara-dānena jñānārthaṃ iti daśā-bhedenājñam adhikṛtyaiva karma-tat-tyāgau vyākhyātuṃ pañcama-ṣaṣṭhāv adhyāyāv ārabhyete | vidvat-saṃnyāsas tu jñāna-balād artha-siddha eveti sandehābhāvān na vicāryate |

tatraikam eva jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati jñānārthatvena karma-tat-tyāgayor vigdhānāt tayoś ca viruddhayor yugapad anuṣṭhānāsambhavān mayā jijñāsunā kim idānīm anuṣṭheyam iti sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti |

he kṛṣṇa ! sadānanda-rūpa bhakta-duḥkha-karṣaṇeti vā | karmaṇāṃ yāvaj-jīvādi-śruti-vihitānāṃ nityānāṃ naimittikānāṃ ca saṃnyāsaṃ tyāgaṃ jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati kathayasi veda-mukhena punas tad-viruddhaṃ yogaṃ ca karmānuṣṭhāna-rūpaṃ śaṃsasi | etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena ity ādi-vākya-dvayena -

chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata iti gītā-vākya-dvayena vā | tatraikam ajñaṃ prati karma-tat-tyāgayor vidhānād yugapad ubhayānuṣṭhānasambhavād etayoḥ karma-tat-tyāgayor madhye yad ekaṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ manyase karma vā tat-tyāgaṃ vā tan me brūhi suniścitaṃ tava matam anuṣṭhānāya ||1||

pūrvādhyāyānte śrutena vākya-dvāreṇa virodham āśaṅkamānaḥ pṛcchati sannyāsam iti |

iti vākyena tvaṃ karma-yogenotpanna-jñānasya karma-saṃnyāsaṃ brūṣe |

ity anena punas tasyaiva karma-yogaṃ ca brūṣe | na ca karma-saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś ca ekasyaiva ekadaiva sambhavataḥ, sthiti-gativat viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmāj jñānī karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kuryāt, karma-yogaṃ vā kuryād iti tvad-abhiprāyam anavagato |haṃ pṛcchāmi etayor madhye yad ekaṃ śreyas tvayā suniścitam tan me brūhi ||1||

dvitīye mumukṣuṃ praty ātma-vijñānaṃ mocakam abhidhāya tad-upāyayā niṣkāmaṃ karma kartavyam abhyadhāt | labdha-vijñānasya na kiṃcit karmāstīti yas tv ātma-ratir eva syāt iti tṛtīye, sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha iti caturthe cāvādīt | ante tu tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ [Gītā 4.42] ity ādinā tasyaiva punaḥ karma-yogaṃ prāvocat | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati saṃnyāsam iti | he kṛṣṇa ! karmaṇāṃ sannyāsaṃ sarvendriya-vyāpāra-virati-rūpaṃ jñāna-yogam ity arthaḥ | punar yogaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ ca sarvendriya-vyāpāra-rūpaṃ śaṃsasi | na caikasya yugapat tau sambhavetāṃ, sthiti-gativat tamas-tejovac ca viruddha-svarūpatvāt | tasmāl labdha-jñānaḥ karma sannyased anutiṣṭhed veti bhavad-abhimataṃ vettum aśakto 'haṃ pṛcchāmi | etayoḥ karma-sannyāsa-karmānuṣṭhānayor yad ekaṃ śreyas tvayā suniścitaṃ tattvaṃ me brūhīti ||1||

BhG 5.2

śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - na hi vedānta-vedyātma-tattvajñaṃ prati karma-yogam ahaṃ bravīmi | yataḥ pūrvoktena saṃnyāsena virodhaḥ syāt | api tu dehātmābhimāninaṃ tvāṃ bandhu-vadhādi-nimitta-śoka-mohādi-kṛtam enaṃ saṃśayaṃ dehātma-viveka-jñānāsinā chittvā paramātma-jñānopāya-bhūtaṃ karma-yogam ātiṣṭheti bravīmi | karma-yogena śuddha-cittasyātma-tattva-jñāne jāte sati tat-paripākārthaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāṅgatvena saṃnyāsaḥ pūrvam uktaḥ | evaṃ saty aṅga-pradhānayor vikalpa-yogāt saṃnyāsaḥ karma-yogaś cety etāv ubhāv api bhūmikā-bhedena samuccitāv eva niḥśreyasaṃ sādhayataḥ | tathāpi tu tayor madhye tu karma-saṃnyāsāt sakāśāt karma-yogo viśiṣṭo bhavatīti ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunasya praśne tad-uttaram śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau jñānotpatti-hetutvena mokṣopayoginau | tayos tu karma-saṃnyāsād anadhikāri-kṛtāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate śreyān adhikāra-sampādakatvena ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-yogo viśiṣyata iti jñāninaḥ karma-karaṇe na ko 'pi doṣaḥ | pratyuta niṣkāma-karmaṇā citta-śuddhi-dārḍhyāj jñāna-dārḍhyam eva syāt | saṃnyāsinas tu kadācit citta-vaiguṇye sati tad-upaśamanārthaṃ kiṃ karma niṣiddham ? jñānābhyāsa-pratibandhakaṃ tu citta-vaiguṇyam eva | viṣaya-grahaṇe tu vāntāśitvam eva syād iti bhāvaḥ ||2||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo śrī-bhagavān uvāca saṃnyāsa iti | niḥśreyasa-karau mukti-hetū | karma-saṃnyāsāj jñāna-yogād viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - na khalu labdha-jñānasyāpi karma-yogo doṣāvahaḥ | kintu jñāna-garbhatvāj jñāna-dārḍhya-kṛd eva | jñāna-niṣṭhatayā karma-sannyāsinas tu citta-doṣe sati tad-doṣa-vināśāya karmānuṣṭheyaṃ pratiṣedhaka-śāstrāt | karma-tyāga-vākyāni tv ātmani ratau satyāṃ karmāṇi taṃ svayaṃ tjayantīty āhuḥ | tasmāt sukaratvād apramādatvāj jñāna-garbhatvāc ca karma-yogaḥ śreyān iti ||2||

BhG 5.3

śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ saṃnyāsitvena karma-yoginaṃ stuvaṃs tasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ darśayati jñeya iti | rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityena parameśvarārthaṃ karmāṇi yo 'nutiṣṭhati sa nityaṃ karmānuṣṭhāna-kāle 'pi saṃnyāsīty evaṃ jñeyaḥ | tatra hetuḥ nirdvandvo rāga-dveṣādi-dvandva-śūnyo hi śuddha-citto jñāna-dvārā sukham anāyāsenaiva bandhāt saṃsārāt pramucyate ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : tam eva karma-yogaṃ stauti jñeya iti tribhiḥ | sa karmaṇi pravṛtto 'pi nityaṃ saṃnyāsīti jñeyaḥ | ko 'sau ? yo na dveṣṭi bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇaṃ karma niṣphalatva-śaṅkayā | na kāṅkṣati svargādikam | nirdvandvo rāga-dveṣa-rahito hi yasmāt sukham anāyāsena he mahābāho bandhād antaḥkaraṇāśuddhi-rūpāj jñāna-pratibandhāt pramucyate nityānitya-vastu-vivekādi-prakarṣeṇa mukto bhavati ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : na ca sannyāsa-prāpyo mokṣo 'kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva tena na prāpya iti vācyam ity āha jñeya iti | sa tu śuddha-cittaḥ karmī nitya-saṃnyāsī eva jñeyaḥ | he mahābāho iti mukti-nagarīṃ jetuṃ sa eva mahāvīra iti bhāvaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : kuto viśiṣyate tatrāha jñeya iti | sa viśuddha-cittaḥ karma-yogī nitya-saṃnyāsī | sa sarvadā jñāna-yoga-niṣṭho jñeyaḥ | yaḥ karmāntargatātmānubhavānanda-paritṛptas tato 'nyat kiṃcit na kāṅkṣati na ca dveṣṭi | nirdvandvo dvandva-sahiṣṇuḥ sukham anāyāsena sukara-karma-niṣṭhayety arthaḥ ||3||

BhG 5.4

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evam aṅga-pradhānatvenobhayor avasthā-bhedena krama-samuccayaḥ | ato vikalpam aṅgīkṛtyobhayoḥ kaḥ śreṣṭha iti praśno 'jñāninām evocitaḥ | na vivekinām ity āha sāṅkhya-yogāv iti | sāṅkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ lakṣayati | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau eka-phalau santau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālā ajñā eva pravadanti na tu paṇḍitāḥ | tatra hetuḥ - anayor ekam apy samyag āsthita āśritavān ubhayor api phalam āpnoti | tathā hi karma-yogaṃ samyag anutiṣṭhan śuddha-cittaḥ san jñāna-dvārā yad ubhayoḥ phalaṃ kaivalyaṃ tad vindati | saṃnyāsaṃ samyag

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yaḥ karmaṇi pravṛttaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃnyāsīti jñātavyaḥ karma-tat-tyāgayoḥ svarūpa-virodhāt phalaikyāt tatheti cet, na | svarūpato viruddhayoḥ phale 'pi virodhasyaucityāt | tathā ca niḥśreyasa-karāv ubhāv ity anupapannam ity āśaṅkyāha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | saṃkhyā samyag ātma-buddhis tāṃ vahatīti jñānāntaraṅga-sādhanatayā sāṅkhyaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | yogaḥ pūrvokta-karma-yogaḥ | tau pṛthag viruddha-phalau bālāḥ śāstrārtha-viveka-jñāna-śūnyāḥ pravadanti, na paṇḍitāḥ | kiṃ tarhi paṇḍitānāṃ matam ? ucyate - ekam apy saṃnyāsa-karmaṇor madhye samyag āsthitaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmād yac chreya evaitayor iti tvad-uktam api vastuto na ghaṭate | vivekibhir ubhayoḥ pārthakyābhāvasya dṛṣṭatvād ity āha sāṃkhya-yogāv iti | sāṃkhya-śabdena jñāna-niṣṭhā-vācinā tad-aṅgaḥ saṃnyāso lakṣyate | saṃnyāsa-karma-yogau pṛthak svatantrāv iti bālāḥ vadanti, na tu vijñāḥ jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti pūrvokteḥ | ata ekam apīty ādi ||4||

baladevaḥ : yaḥ śreya etayor ekam iti tvad-vākyaṃ ca na ghaṭata ity āha sāṃkhyeti | jñāna-yoga-karma-yogau phala-bhedāt pṛthag-bhūtāv iti bālāḥ pravadanti, na tu paṇḍitāḥ | ataeva ekam ity ādi phalam ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇam ||4||

BhG 5.5

śrīdharaḥ : etad eva sphuṭayati yat sāṃkhyair iti | sāṃkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhir yat sthānaṃ mokṣākhyaṃ prakarṣeṇa sākṣād avāpyate, yogair ity ārśa āditvān matv-arthīyo 'c-pratyayo draṣṭavyaḥ | tena karma-yogibhir api tad eva jñāna-dvāreṇa gamyate 'vāpyate | ataḥ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca ekaphalatvena ekaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : ekasyānuṣṭhānāt katham ubhayoḥ phalaṃ vindate tathāha yat sāṃkhyair iti | sāṅkhyair jñāna-niṣṭhaiḥ saṃnyāsibhir aihika-karmānuṣṭhāna-śūnyatve 'pi prāg-bhavīya-karmabhir eva saṃskṛtāntaḥ-karaṇaiḥ śravaṇādi-pūrvikayā jñāna-niṣṭhayā yat prasiddhaṃ sthānaṃ tiṣṭhaty evāsmin na tu kadāpi cyavata iti vyutpattyā mokṣākhyaṃ prāpyata āvaraṇābhāva-mātreṇa labhyata iva nitya-prāptatvāt, yogair api bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā phalābhisandhi-rāhityena kṛtāni karmāṇi śāstrīyāṇi yogās te yeṣāṃ santi te 'pi yogāḥ | arśa-āditvān matv-arthīyo 'c-pratyayaḥ | tair yogibhir api sattva-śuddhyā saṃhyāsa-pūrvaka-śravaṇādi-puraḥ-sarayā jñāna-niṣṭhayā vartamāne bhaviṣyati vā janmani sampatsyamānayā tat sthānaṃ gamyate | ata eka-phalatvād ekaṃ sāṃkhyaṃ ca yogaṃ ca yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati nānyaḥ |

ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yeṣāṃ saṃnyāsa-pūrvikā jñāna-niṣṭhā dṛśyate teṣāṃ tayaiva liṅgena prāg-janmasu bhagavad-arpita-karma-niṣṭhānumīyate | kāraṇam antareṇa kāryotpatty-ayogāt | tad uktam -

yāny ato 'nyāni janmāni teṣu nūnaṃ kṛtaṃ bhavet | yat kṛtyaṃ puruṣeṇeha nānyathā brahmaṇi sthitiḥ || iti |

evaṃ yeṣāṃ bhagavad-arpita-karma-niṣṭhā dṛśyate teṣāṃ tayaiva liṅgena bhāvinī saṃnyāsa-pūrvajñāna-niṣṭhānumīyate sāmagryāḥ kāryāvyabhicāritvāt | tasmād ajñena mumukṣuṇāntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhaye prathamaṃ karma-yogo 'nuṣṭheyo na tu saṃnyāsaḥ | sa tu vairāgya-tīvratāyāṃ svayam eva bhaviṣyatīti ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : etad eva spaṣṭayati yad iti | sāṃkhyaiḥ sannyāsena yogair niṣkāma-karmaṇā | bahu-vacanaṃ gauraveṇa | ataeva tad dvayaṃ pṛthag-bhūtam api yo vivekenaikam eva paśyati sa paśyati, cakṣuṣmān paṇḍita ity arthaḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : etad viśadayati yad iti | sāṃkhyair jñāna-yogibhir yogaiḥ niṣkāma-karmabhiḥ | arśa ādy ac | sthānaṃ ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇam | ataeva tad dvayaṃ nivṛtti-pravṛtti-rūpatayā bhinna-rūpam api phalaikyād ekaṃ yaḥ paśyati vetti, sa paśyati sa cakṣuṣmān paṇḍita ity arthaḥ ||5||

BhG 5.6

śrīdharaḥ : yadi karma-yogino 'py antataḥ saṃnyāsenaiva jñāna-nisṭhā tarhy ādita eva saṃnyāsaḥ kartuṃ yukta iti manvānaṃ praty āha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā saṃnyāso duḥkham āptum duḥkha-hetuḥ | aśakya ity arthaḥ | citta-śuddhy-abhāvena jñāna-niṣṭhāyā asambhavāt | yoga-yuktas tu śuddha-cittatayā muniḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvācireṇaiva brahmādhigacchati | aparokṣaṃ jānāti | ataś citta-śuddheḥ prāk karma-yoga eva saṃnyāsād viśiṣyata iti pūrvoktaṃ siddham | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ -

pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ | sannyāsino 'pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇenāpi saṃnyāsa eva prathamaṃ kuto na kriyate jñāna-niṣṭhā-hetutvena tasyāvaśakatvād iti cet tatrāha saṃnyāsa iti | ayogato yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śodhakaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karmāntareṇa haṭhād eva yaḥ kṛtaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ sa tu duḥkham āptum eva bhavati, aśuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvena tat-phalasya jñāna-nisṭhāyā asambhavāt | śodhake ca karmaṇy anadhikārāt karma-brahmobhaya-bhraṣṭatvena parama-saṅkaṭāpatteḥ | karma-yoga-yuktas tu śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvān munir manana-śīlaḥ saṃnyāsī bhūtvā brahma satya-jñānādi-lakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ na cireṇa śīghram evādhigacchati sākṣātkaroti pratibandhakābhāvāt | etac coktaṃ prāg eva -

na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |

viśvanāthaḥ : kintu samyak-citta-śuddhim anirdhārayato jñāninaḥ saṃnyāso duḥkhadaḥ karma-yogas tu sukhada eveti pūrva-vyañjitam arthaṃ spaṣṭam evāha saṃnyāsas tv iti | citta-vaiguṇye satīti śeṣaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogābhāvāc citta-vaiguṇya-praśāmaka-karma-yogasya saṃnyāsiny abhāvāt tatra anadhikārād ity arthaḥ | saṃnyāso duḥkham eva prāptuṃ bhavati | tad uktaṃ vārttika-kṛdbhiḥ -

pramādino bahiś cittāḥ piśunāḥ kalahotsukāḥ | sannyāsino 'pi dṛśyante daiva-sandūṣitāśrayāḥ || iti |

śrutir api -yadi na samuddharanti yatayo hṛdi kāma-jaṭā iti | bhagavatāpi yas tva saṃyata-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ [BhP 11.18.40] ity ādy uktam | tasmād yoga-yuktaḥ niṣkāma-karmavān munir jñānī san brahma śīghraṃ prāpnoti ||6||

baladevaḥ : jñāna-yogasya duṣkaratvāt sukara-karma-yogaḥ śreyān ity āha saṃnyāsas tv iti | saṃnyāsaḥ sarvendriya-vyāpāra-vinivṛtti-rūpo jñāna-yogaḥ | ayogataḥ karma-yogaṃ vinā duḥkhaṃ prāptum bhavati | duṣkaratvāt sapramādatvāc ca duḥkha-hetur eva syād ity arthaḥ | yoga-yukta-niṣkāma-karmī tu munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ sann acireṇa śīghram eva brahmādhigacchati ||6||

BhG 5.7

śrīdharaḥ : karma-yogādi-krameṇa brahmādhigame saty api tad-uparitanena karmaṇā bandhaḥ syād evety āśaṅkyāha yoga-yukta iti | yogena yuktaḥ | ataeva viśuddha ātmā cittaṃ yasya saḥ | ataeva vijita ātmā śarīraṃ yena | ataeva jitānīndriyāṇi yena | tataś ca sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā yasya sa loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ svābhāvikaṃ vā karma kurvann api na lipyate ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu karmaṇo bandha-hetutvād yoga-yukto munir brahmādhigacchatīty anupapannam ity ata āha yoga-yukta iti | bhagavad-arpaṇa-phalābhisandhi-rāhityādi-guṇa-yuktaṃ śāstrīyaṃ karma yoga ity ucyate | tena yogena yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ prathamaṃ viśuddhātmā viśuddho rajas-tamo-bhyām akaluṣita ātmāntaḥkaraṇa-rūpaṃ sattvaṃ yasya sa tathā | nirmalāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ san vijitātmā sva-vaśīkṛta-dehaḥ | tato jitendriyaḥ sva-vaśīkṛta-sarva-bāhyendriyaḥ | etena manūktas tridaṇḍī kathitaḥ -

vāg-daṇḍo 'tha mano-daṇḍaḥ kāya-daṇḍas tathaiva ca | yasyaite nityatā daṇḍāḥ sa tridaṇḍīti kathyata || iti |

vāg iti bāhyendriyopalakṣaṇam | etādṛśasya tattva-jñānam avaśyaṃ bhavatīty āha sarva-bhūtātma-bhūtātmā sarva-bhūta ātma-bhūtaś cātmā svarūpaṃ yasya sa tathā | jaḍājaḍātmakaṃ sarva ātma-mātraṃ paśyann ity arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām ātma-bhūta ātmā yasyeti vyākhyāne tu sarva-bhūtātmety etāvataivārtah-lābhād ātma-bhūtety adhikaṃ syāt | sarvātma-padayor jaḍājaḍa-paratve tu samañjasam | etādṛśaḥ paramārtha-darśī kurvann api karmāṇi para-dṛṣṭyā na lipyate taiḥ karmabhiḥ sva-dṛṣṭyā tad-abhāvād ity arthaḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : kṛtenāpi karmaṇā jñāninas tasya na lepa ity āha yogeti | yoga-yukto jñānī trividhaḥ - viśuddhātmā vijita-buddhir ekaḥ | vijitātmā viśuddha-citto dvitīyaḥ | jitendriyas tṛtīya iti | pūrva-pūrveṣāṃ sādhana-tāratamyād utkarṣaḥ | etādṛśe gṛhasthe tu sarve 'pi jīvā anurajyantīty āha sarveṣām api bhūtānām ātma-bhūtaḥ premāspadībhūta ātmā deho yasya saḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : īdṛśī mumukṣuḥ sarveṣāṃ preyān ity āha yogeti | yoge niṣkāme karmaṇi yukto nirataḥ | ataeva viśuddhātmā nirmala-buddhiḥ | ataeva vijitātmā vaśīkṛta-manāḥ | ataeva jitendriyaḥ śabdādi-viṣaya-rāga-śūnyaḥ | ataeva sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ jīvānām ātma-bhūtaḥ premāspadatām gata ātmā deho yasya saḥ | na cātra pārtha-sārathinā sarvātmaikyam abhimatam - na tv evāham ity ādinā sarvātmanāṃ mitho bhedasya tenābhidhānāt | tad-vādināpi vijñājñābhedasya vaktum aśaktyatvāc ca | evambhūtaḥ kurvann api viviktātmānusandhānād anātmany ātmābhimānena na lipyate acireṇātmānam adhigacchati | ataḥ karma-yogaḥ

BhG 5.8

śrīdharaḥ : karma kurvann api na lipyata ity etad viruddham ity āśaṅkya kartṛtvābhimānābhāvān na viruddham ity āha naiveti dvābhyām | karma-yogena yuktaḥ krameṇa tattvavid bhūtvā darśana-śravaṇādīni kurvann apīndriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan buddhyā niścinvan kiṃcid apy ahaṃ na karomīti manyeta manyate | tatra darśana-śravaṇa-sparśanāghrānāśanāni cakṣur-ādi-jñānendriya-vyāpārāḥ | gatiḥ pādayoḥ | svāpo buddheḥ | śvāsaḥ prāṇasya | pralapanaṃ vāg-indriyasya | visargaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayoḥ | unmeṣaṇa-nimeṣaṇe kūrmākhya-prāṇasyeti vivekaḥ | etāni karmāṇi kurvann api abhimānābhāvād brahma-vin na lipyate | tathā ca parāmarṣaṃ sūtram - tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvāghayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśād iti ||8-9||

madhusūdanaḥ : etad eva vivṛṇoti naiveti dvābhyām | cakṣur-ādi-jñānendriyair vāg-ādi-karmendriyaiḥ prāṇā̆di-vāyu-bhedair antaḥ-karaṇa-catuṣṭayena ca tat-tac-ceṣṭāsu kriyamāṇāsu indriyāṇīndriyādīny evendriyārtheṣu sva-sva-viṣayeṣu vartante pravartante na tv aham iti dhārayann avadhārayann naiva kiṃcit karomīti manyeta manyate tattvavit paramārtha-darśī yuktaḥ samāhita-cittaḥ | athavādau yuktaḥ karma-yogena paścād antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvāreṇa tattvavid bhūtvā naiva kiṃcit karomīti manyata iti sambandhaḥ |

tatra darśana-śravaṇa-sparśana-ghrāṇāśanāni cakṣuḥ-śrotra-tvag-ghrāṇa-rasanānāṃ pañca-jñānendriyāṇāṃ vyāpārāḥ paśyan śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnann ity uktāḥ | gatiḥ pādayoḥ | pralāpo vācaḥ | visargaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayor iti pañca karmendriya-vyāpārā gacchan pralapan visṛjan gṛhṇann ity uktāḥ | śvasann iti prāṇādi-pañcakasya vyāpāropalakṣaṇam | unmiṣan nimiṣann iti nāga-kūrmādi-pañcakasya | svapann ity antaḥ-karaṇa-catuṣṭayasya | artha-krama-vaśāt pāṭha-kramaṃ bhaṅktvā vyākhyātāv imau ślokau | yasmāt sarva-vyāpāreṣv apy ātmano 'kartṛtvam eva paśyati | ataḥ kurvann api na lipyata

viśvanāthaḥ : yena karmaṇālepas taṃ prakāraṃ śikṣayati naiveti | yuktaḥ karma-yogī darśanādīni kurvann apīndriyāṇīndriyārtheṣu vartanta iti dhārayan buddhyā niścinvan nirabhimānaḥ kiṃcid apy ahaṃ naiva karomīti manyate ||8-9||

baladevaḥ : śuddhasyātmano 'dhiṣṭhānādi-pañcāpekṣita-karma-kartṛtvaṃ nāstīty upadiśati naiveti | yukto niṣkāma-karmī prādhānika-dehendriyādi-saṃsargād darśanādīni karmāṇi kurvann api tattva-vit viviktam ātma-tattvam anubhavan indriyārtheṣu rūpādiṣu indriyāṇi cakṣur-ādīni mad-vāsanānuguṇa-paramātma-preritāni vartanta iti dhārayan niścinvann ahaṃ kiṃcid api na karomīti manyate | paśyañ śṛṇvan spṛśañ jighrann aśnann iti cakṣuḥ-śrotra-tvag-ghrāṇa-rasanānāṃ jñānendriyāṇāṃ darśana-śravaṇa-sparśanāghrānāśanāni vyāpārāḥ | tatra gamanaṃ pādayoḥ | pralāpo vācaḥ | visargānandaḥ pāyūpasthayoḥ | grahaṇaṃ hastayor iti bodhyam | śvasann iti prāṇādīnām unmiṣan nimiṣann iti nāgādīnāṃ prāṇa-bhedānām | svapann ity antaḥkaraṇānām ity arthaḥ kramād vyākhyeyam | vijñāna-sukhaika-rasasya mamānādi-vāsanā-hetuka-prādhānika-dehādi-sambandha-nimittaṃ tadīdṛśa-karma-kartṛtvam, na tu svarūpaika-nimittam iti manyata ity arthaḥ | na svarūpa-prayuktam ātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ kiṃcid api nāstīti śakyam abhidhātuṃ nirdhāraṇe manane ca tasyābhidhānāt | tat tac ca jñānam eva tac cātmano nityam | na hi vijñātur vijñāter viparilāpo vidyate iti śruteḥ | tat-siddhiś ca hariṇā dharma-bhūtena jñānena ca ity āhuḥ ||8-9||

BhG 5.10

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi yasya karomīti abhimāno 'sti tasya karma-lepo durvāraḥ | tathāviśuddha-cittatvāt saṃnyāso 'pi nāsti iti mahat saṅkaṭam āpannam ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇīti | brahmaṇy ādhāya parameśvare samarpya | tat-phale ca saṅgaṃ tyaktvā | yaḥ karmāṇi karoti asau pāpena bandhu-hetutayā pāpiṣṭhena puṇya-pāpātmakena karmaṇā na lipyate yathā padma-patram ambhasi sthitam api tenāmbhasā na lipyate tadvat ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : tarhy avidvān kartṛtvābhimānāl lipyetaiva tathā ca karthaṃ tasya saṃnyāsa-pūrvikā jñāna-niṣṭhā syād iti tatrāha brahmaṇīti | brahmaṇi parameśvara ādhāya samarpya saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ tyaktveśvarārthaṃ bhṛtya iva svāmy-arthaṃ sva-phala-nirapekṣatayā karomīty abhiprāyeṇa karmāṇi laukikāni vaidikāni ca karoti yo lipyate na sa pāpena pāpa-puṇyātmakena karmaṇeti yāvat | yathā padma-patram upari prakṣiptenāmbhasā na lipyate tadvat | bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhitaṃ karma buddhi-śuddhi-phalam eva syāt ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca brahmaṇi parameśvare mayi samarpya saṅgaṃ tyaktvā sābhimāno 'pi karmāsaktiṃ vihāya yaḥ karmāṇi karoti | pāpenety upalakṣaṇam | so 'pi karma-mātreṇaiva na lipyate ||10||

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ viśadayann āha brahmaṇīti | brahma-śabdenātra triguṇāvasthaṃ pradhānam uktam | tasmād etad brahma-nāma-rūpam annaṃ ca jñāyata iti śravaṇāt | mama yonir mahad brahma iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca | dehendriyādīni pradhāna-pariṇāma-viśeṣāṇi bhavanti tad-rūpatayā pariṇate pradhāne darśanādīni karmāṇy ādhāya tasyaivaitāni | na tu tad-viviktasya śuddhasya mameti nirdhāryety arthaḥ | saṅgaṃ tat-phalābhilāṣaṃ tat-kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ ca tyaktvā | yas tāni karoti sa tādṛg dehādimattayā sann api dehādy-ātmābhimānena pāpena na lipyate | tathoparinikṣiptenāmbhasā spṛṣṭam api padma-patraṃ tadvat | na ca mayi saṃnyasya karmāṇi iti pūrva-svārasyād brahmaṇi paramātmanīti vyākhyeyam | prādhānika-dehādi-saṃsṛṣṭasyaiva jīvasya darśanādi-karma-kartṛtvaṃ, na tu tad-viviktasyety arthasya prakṛtatvāt ||10||

BhG 5.11

śrīdharaḥ : kevalaṃ sattva-śuddhi-mātra-phalam eva tasya karmaṇaḥ syāt yasmāt kāyeneti | kāyena dehena manasā buddhyā ca | yoginaḥ saṅgaṃ tyaktvā kāyena manasā buddhyā kevalair indriyair api | kevala-śabdaḥ kāyādibhir api pratyekaṃ sambadhyate | sarva-vyāpāreṣu mamatā-varjanāya yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ karma kurvanti | saṅgaṃ tyaktvā phala-viṣayam | ātma-śuddhaye sattva-śuddhaya ity arthaḥ | tasmāt tatraiva tavādhikāra iti ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva vivṛṇoti kāyeneti | kāyena manasā buddhyendriyair api yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ phala-saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karma kurvanti kāyādīnāṃ sarveṣāṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ kevalair iti | īśvarāyaiva karomi na mama phalāyeti mamatā-śūnyair ity arthaḥ | ātma-śuddhaye citta-śuddhy-artham ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : kevalair indriyair iti | indrāya svāhā ity ādinā havir-ādy-arpaṇa-kāle yadyapi manaḥ kvāpy anyatra tad apīty arthaḥ | ātma-viśuddhaye manaḥ-śuddhy-artham ||11||

baladevaḥ : sad-ācāraṃ pramāṇayann etad vivṛṇoti kāyeneti | kāyādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ karma kāyādy-ahaṃbhāva-śūnyā yoginaḥ kurvanti | kevalair viśuddhaiḥ | saṅgaṃ tyaktveti prāgvad ātma-śuddhaye anādi-dehātmābhimāna-nivṛttaye ||11||

BhG 5.12

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kathaṃ tenaiva karmaṇā kaścin mucyate kaścid badhyate iti vyavasthā ? ata āha yukta iti | yuktaḥ parameśvaraika-niṣṭhaḥ san karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ tyaktvā karmaṇi kurvann ātyantikīṃ śāntiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | ayuktas tu bahirmukhaḥ kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ pravṛttyā phala āsakto nitarāṃ bandhaṃ prāpnoti ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : kartṛtvābhimāna-sāmye 'pi tenaiva karmaṇā kaścin mucyate kaścit tu badhyata iti vaiṣamye ko hetur iti tatrāha yukta iti | yukta īśvarāyaivaitāni karmāṇi na mama phalāyety evam abhiprāyavān karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā karmāṇi kurvan śāntim mokṣākhyām āpnoti naiṣṭhikīṃ sattva-śuddhi-nitya-vastu-viveka-saṃnyāsa-jñāna-niṣṭhā-krameṇa jātām iti yāvat | yas tu punar ayukta īśvarāyaivaitāni karmāṇi na mama phalāyety abhiprāya-śūnyaḥ sa kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ pravṛttyā mama phalāyaivedaṃ karma karomīti phale sakto nibadhyate karmabhir nitarāṃ saṃsāra-bandhaṃ prāpnoti | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam api yuktaḥ san karmāṇi kurv iti vākya-śeṣaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-karaṇe anāsakty-āsaktī eva mokṣa-bandha-hetū ity āha yukto yogī niṣkāma-karmītity arthaḥ | naiṣṭhikīm niṣṭhā-prāptāṃ śāntiṃ mokṣam ity arthaḥ | ayuktaḥ sa-kāma-karmīty arthaḥ | kāma-kāreṇa kāma-pravṛttyā ||12||

baladevaḥ : yukta ātmārpita-manāḥ karma-phalaṃ tyaktvā kurvann naiṣṭhikīm sthirāṃ śāntim ātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇām āpnoti | ayukta ātmānarpita-manāḥ karma-phale saktaḥ kāma-kāreṇa kāmataḥ karmaṇi pravṛttyā nibadhyate saṃsarati ||12||

BhG 5.13

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ tāvac citta-śuddhi-śūnyasya saṃnyāsāt karma-yogo viśiṣyate ity etat prapañcitam | idānīṃ śuddha-cittasya saṃnyāsaḥ śreṣṭha ity āha sarva-karmāṇīti | vaśī yata-cittaḥ | sarvāṇi karmāṇi vikṣepakāni manasā viveka-yuktena saṃnyasya sukhaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ sann āste | kvāsta iti ? ata āha nava-dvāra iti | netre nāsike karṇau mukhaṃ ceti sapta śiro-gatāni | adhogate dve pāyūpastha-rūpe iti | evaṃ nava-dvārāṇi yasmiṃs tasmin pure puravad ahaṅkāra-śūnye dehe dehy avatiṣṭhate | ahaṅkārābhāvād eva svyaṃ tena dehena naiva kurvan mama-kārābhāvāc ca na kārayan ity aviśuddha-cittād vyavṛttir uktā | aśuddha-citto hi saṃnyasya punaḥ karoti kārayati ca | na tv ayaṃ tathā | antaḥ sukhaṃ āsta ity arthaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : aśuddha-cittasya kevalāt saṃnyāsāt karma-yogaḥ śreyān iti pūrvoktaṃ prapañcyādhunā śuddha-cittasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa eva śreyān ity āha sarva-karmāṇīti | nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ceti sarvāṇi karmāṇi manasā karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity atroktenākartrātma-svarūpa-samyag-darśanena saṃnyasya parityajya prārabdha-karma-vaśād āste tiṣṭhaty eva | kiṃ duḥkhena nety āha sukham anāyāsena | āyāsa-hetu-kāya-vāṅ-mano-vyāpāra-śūnyatvāt | kāya-vāṅ-manāṃsi svacchandāni kuto na vyāpriyante tatrāha vaśī sva-vaśīkṛta-kārya-karaṇa-saṅghātaḥ | kvāste ? nava-dvāre pure dve śrotre dve cakṣuṣī dve nāsike vāg eketi śirasi sapta | dve pāyūpasthākhye adha iti nava-dvāra-viśiṣṭe dehe | dehī deha-bhinnātma-darśī pravāsīva para-gehe tat-pūjā-paribhavādibhir aprahṛṣyann aviṣīdann ahaṅkāra-mamakāra-śūnyas tiṣṭhati | ajño hi dehatādātmyābhimānād deha eva na tu dehī | sa ca dehādhikaraṇam evātmano 'dhikaraṇaṃ manyamāno gṛhe bhūmāvasāne vāham āsa ity abhimanyate na tu dehe 'ham āsa iti bheda-darśanābhāvāt | saṃghāta-vyatiriktātma-darśī tu sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī bheda-darśanād dehe 'ham āsa iti pratipadyate | ataeva dehādi-vyāpārāṇām avidyayātmany akriye samāropitānāṃ vidyayā bādha eva sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa ity ucyate | etasmād evājña-vailakṣaṇyādy-uktaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ nava-dvāre pure āsta iti |

nanu dehādi-vyāpārāṇām ātmany āropitānāṃ nau-vyāpārāṇāṃ tīrastha-vṛkṣa iva vidyayā bādhe 'pi sva-vyāpāreṇātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ dehādi-vyāpāreṣu kārayitṛtvaṃ ca syād iti nety āha naiva kurvan na kārayan | āsta iti sambandhaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : ato 'nāsaktaḥ karmāṇi kurvann api jñeyaḥ sa nitya-saṃnyāsī iti pūrvoktavad vastutaḥ saṃnyāsī evocyate tatrāha sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya kāyādi-vyāpāreṇa bahiḥ kurvann api vaśī jitendriyaḥ sukham āste | kutra ? nava-dvāre pure ahaṃ-bhāva-śūnye dehe dehy utpanna-jñāno jīvo naiva kurvann iti karma-sukhasya vastutaḥ kartṛtvaṃ naivāstīti jānan, na kārayann iti nāpi teṣu prayojana-kartṛtvam ity api jānann ity arthaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ : sarveti | vivekatā manasā tādṛśi pradhāne sarva-karmāṇi saṃnyasyārpayitvā dehādinā bahis tāni kurvann api vaśī jitendriyaḥ sukhaṃ āste | nava-dvāre pure puravad ahaṃ-bhāva-varjite dehe dve netre dve nāsike dve śrotre mukhaṃ ceti śirasi sapta dvārāṇi adhastāt tu pāyūpasthākhye dve iti nava-dvārāṇi dehī labdha-jñānojīvaḥ | naiveti dehādi-viviktasyātmanaḥ karmasu kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvaṃ ca nāstīti vijānann ity arthaḥ ||13||

BhG 5.14

śrīdharaḥ : nanu eṣa hy evainaṃ sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam ebhyo lokebhya unninīṣate | eṣa asādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate ity-ādi-śruteḥ parameśvareṇaiva śubhāśubha-phaleṣu karmasu kartṛtvena prayujyamāno 'svatantraḥ puruṣaḥ kathaṃ tāni karmāṇi tyajet ? īśvareṇaiva jñāna-mārge prayujyamāṇaḥ śubhāśubhani ca tyakṣyatīti cet ? evaṃ sati vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇyābhyām īśvarasyāpi prayojaka-kartṛtvāt puṇya-pāpa-sambandhaḥ syād ity āśaṅkyāha na kartṛtvam iti dvābhyām | prabhur īśvaro jīva-lokasya kartṛtvādikaṃ na sṛjati, kintu jīvasya svabhāvo 'vidyaiva kartṛtvādi-rūpeṇa pravartate | anādy-avidyā-kāma-vaśāt pravṛtti-svabhāvaṃ jīva-lokam īśvaraḥ karmasu niyuṅkte | na tu svayam eva kartṛtvādikam utpādayatīty arthaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : devadattasya svagataiva gatir yathā sthitau satyāṃ na bhavati evam ātmano 'pi kartṛtvaṃ kārayitṛtvam na svagatam eva sat-saṃnyāse sati na bhavati, athavā nabhasi tala-malinatādivad vastu-vṛttyā tatra nāsty eveti sandehāpohāyāha na kartṛtvam iti | lokasya dehādeḥ kartṛtvaṃ prabhur ātmā svāmī na sṛjati tvaṃ kurv iti niyogena tasya kārayitā na bhavatīty arthaḥ | nāpi lokasya karmāṇīpsitatamāni ghaṭādīni svayaṃ sṛjati kartāpi na bhavatīty arthaḥ | nāpi lokasya karma kṛtavatas tat-phala-sambandhaṃ sṛjati bhojayitāpi bhoktāpi na bhavatīty arthaḥ | na samānaḥ sann ubhau lokāv anusaṃcarati dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva sadhīḥ ity ādi śruteḥ | atrāpi śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.31] ity ukteḥ |

yadi kiṃcid api svato na kārayati na karoti cātmā kas tarhi kārayan kurvaṃś ca pravartata iti tatrāha svabhāvas tv iti | ajñānātmikā daivī māyā prakṛtiḥ pravartate ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu ca yadi jīvasya vastutaḥ kartṛtvādikaṃ naivāsti, tarhi parameśvara-sṛṣṭe jagati sarvatra jīvasya kartṛtva-bhokṛtvādi-darśanān manye parameśareṇaiva balāt tasya kartṛtvādikaṃ sṛṣṭam | tathā sati tasmin vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye prasakte, tatra na hi nahīty āha na kartṛtvam iti | nāpi tat-kartṛtvena karmāṇy api, na ca karma-phalair bhogaiḥ saṃyogam api, kintu jīvasya svabhāvo 'nādy-avidyaiva pravartate | taṃ jīvaṃ kartṛtvādy-abhimānam ārohayitum iti bhāvaḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ : etad dvayaṃ śuddhasya nāstīti viśadayati neti | prabhur dehendriyādīnāṃ svāmī jīvo lokasya janasya kartṛtvaṃ na sṛjatīti tvaṃ kurv iti kārayitā na bhavati | nāpi tasyepsitatamāni karmāṇi mālyāmbarādīni sṛjatīti svayaṃ kartāpi na bhavati | na ca karma-phalena sukhena duḥkhena ca saṃyogaṃ sambandhaṃ sṛjatīti bhojayitā bhoktā ca na bhavatīty arthaḥ | yady evaṃ, tarhi kaḥ kārayan kurvaṃś ca pratīyate ? tatrāha svabhāvas tv iti | anādi-pravṛttā pradhāna-vāsanātra svabhāva-śabdenokta-prādhānika-dehādimān jīvaḥ kārayitā kartā ceti na viviktasya tattvam iti | śuddhe 'pi kiṃcit kartṛtvam asty eva pūrvatra sukhāsane tattvasyokteḥ bhānādāv ivaitad bodhyaṃ,

BhG 5.15

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt nādatta iti | prayojako 'pi san prabhuḥ kasyacit pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte na bhajate | tatra hetuḥ - vibhuḥ paripūrṇaḥ | āpta-kāma ity arthaḥ | yadi hi svārtha-kāmanayā kārayet tarhi tathā syāt | na tv etad asti | āpta-kāmasyaivācintya-nija-māyayā tat-tat-pūrva-karmānusāreṇa pravartakatvāt |

nanu bhaktān anugṛhṇato 'bhaktān nigṛhṇataś ca vaiṣamyopalambhāt katham āpta-kāmatvam iti ? ata āha ajñāneneti | nigraho 'pi daṇḍa-rūpo 'nugraha eveti | evam ajñānena sarvatra samaḥ parameśvara ity evaṃbhūtaṃ jñānam āvṛtam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | bhagavati vaiṣamyaṃ manyanta ity arthaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv īśvaraḥ kārayitā jīvaḥ kartā, tathā ca śrutiḥ - eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam unninīyate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate ity ādiḥ | smṛtiś ca -

ajño jantur anīśo 'yam ātmanaḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ | īśvara-prerito gacchet svargaṃ vāśvabhram eva ca || iti |

tathā ca jīveśvarayoḥ kartṛtva-kārayitṛtvābhyāṃ bhoktṛtva-bhojayitṛtvābhyāṃ ca pāpa-puṇya-lepa-sambhavāt katham uktaṃ svabhāvas tu pravartata iti tatrāha nādatta iti | paramārthataḥ vibhuḥ parameśvaraḥ kasyacit jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca naivādatte paramārthato jīvasya kartṛtvābhāvāt parameśvarasya ca kārayitṛtvābhāvāt | kathaṃ tarhi śrutiḥ smṛtir loka-vyavahāraś ca tatrāha ajñānenāvaraṇa-vikṣepā-śaktimatā māyākhyenānṛtena tamasāvṛtam ācchāditaṃ jñānaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramādhiṣṭhāna-bhūtaṃ nityaṃ sva-prakāśaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-rūpam advitīyaṃ paramārtha-satyaṃ, tena svarūpāvaraṇena muhyanti pramātṛ-prameya-pramāṇa-kartṛ-karma-karaṇa-bhoktṛ-bhogya-bhogākhya-nava-vidha-saṃsāra-rūpaṃ moham atasmiṃs tad-avabhāsa-rūpaṃ vikṣepaṃ gacchanti jantavo janana-śīlāḥ saṃsāriṇo vastu-svarūpādarśinaḥ | akartr-abhoktṛ-paramānandādvitīyātma-svarūpādarśana-nibandhano 'yaṃ jīveśvara-jagad-bheda-bhramaḥ pratīyamāno vartate mūḍhānām | tasyāṃ cāvasthāyāṃ mūḍha-pratyayānuvādinyāv ete śruti-smṛtī vāstavādvaita-bodhi-vākya-śeṣa-bhūte iti na doṣaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād asādhu-sādhu-karmaṇām īśvaro na kārayitā, tasmād eva na tasya pāpa-puṇya-bhāgitvam ity āha nādatta iti | nādatte na gṛhṇāti | kintu tadīyā khalu yā śaktir avidyā saiva jīva-jñānam āvṛṇoti ity āha ajñānenāvidyayā | jñānaṃ jīvasya svābhāvikam | tena hetunā ||15||

baladevaḥ : nanu yadi viśuddhasya jīvasya tādṛśa-karma-kartṛtvādi nāstīti brūṣe, tarhi kautukākrāntaḥ paramātmā pradhānaṃ tad-gale nipātya tat-pariṇāma-dehendriyādi-matas tasya tad-racitavān ity āpadyate | yuktaṃ caitat | anyathā eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam ebhyo lokebhya unninīṣate | eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate iti śrutiḥ |

iti smṛtiś ca vyākupyet | tathā ca pāpa-puṇya-mayīm avasthāṃ nayati | prayojake tasmin vaiṣamyādikaṃ pāpādi-bhāgitvaṃ ca syād iti cet tatrāha nādatta iti |

vibhur aparimita-vijñānānando 'nanta-śakti-pūrṇaḥ svānandaika-rasikas tato 'nyatrodāsīnaḥ paramātmānādi-pradhāna-vāsanā-nibandhaṃ bubhukṣuṃ sva-sannidhi-mātra-pariṇata-pradhāna-maya-dehādimantaṃ jīvaṃ tad-vāsanānusāreṇa karmāṇi kārayan kasyacij jīvasya pāpaṃ sukṛtaṃ ca nādatte na gṛhṇāti | evam uktaṃ śrī-vaiṣṇave -

sannidhānād yathākāśa-kālādyāḥ kāraṇaṃ taroḥ |

audāsīnya-mātre 'yaṃ gandhādi-dṛṣṭānto na tv icchāyā abhāve tasyāḥ | so 'kāmayata iti śrutatvāt | tarhi jīvās taṃ viṣamaṃ kuto vadanti, tatrāha ajñāneneti | anādi-tad-vaimukhyenājñānena jīvānāṃ nityam api jñānam āvṛtaṃ tirohitam | tena hetunā jantavo jīvā muhyanti | samam api taṃ vimūḍhā viṣamaṃ vadanti na vijñā ity arthaḥ | āha caivaṃ sūtrakāraḥ - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāt tathā hi darśayati [Vs 2.1.35], na karmāvibhāgād iti cen nānāditvāt [Vs 2.1.36] iti ||15||

BhG 5.16

śrīdharaḥ : jñāninas tu na muhyantīty āha jñāneneti | bhagavato jñānena yeṣāṃ tad-vaiṣamyopalambhakam ajñānaṃ nāśitam taj jñānaṃ teṣām ajñānaṃ nāśayitvā tat paraṃ paripūrṇam īśvara-svarūpaṃ prakāśayati | yathādityas tamo nirasya samastaṃ vastu-jātaṃ prakāśayati tadvat ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : tarhi sarveṣām andādy-ajñānāvṛtatvāt kathaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttiḥ syād ? ata āha jñāneneti | tad-āvaraṇa-vikṣepa-śakti-madanādy-anirvācyam anṛtam anarthavāta-mūlam ajñānam ātmāśraya-viṣayam avidyā-māyādi-śabda-vācyam ātmano jñānena gurūpadiṣṭa-vedānta-mahā-vākya-janyena śravana-manana-nididhyāsana-paripāka-nirmalāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-rūpeṇa nirvikalpaka-sākṣātkāreṇa śodhita-tat-tvaṃ-padārthābheda-rūpa-śuddha-sac-cid-ānandākhaṇḍaika-rasa-vastu-mātra-viṣayeṇa nāśitaṃ bādhitaṃ kāla-traye 'py asad evāsattayā jñātam adhiṣṭhāna-caitanya-mātratāṃ prāpitaṃ śuktāv iva rajataṃ śukti-jñānena śravana-manana-nididhyāsanādi-sādhana-sampannānāṃ bhagavad-anugṛhītānāṃ mumukṣūṇāṃ teṣāṃ taj jñānaṃ kartṛ | ādityavad yathādityaḥ svodaya-mātreṇaiva tamo niravaśeṣaṃ nivartayati na tu kaṃcit sahāyam apekṣate tathā brahma-jñānam api śuddha-sattva-pariṇāmatvād vyāpaka-prakāśa-rūpaṃ svotpatti-mātreṇaiva sahakāryantara-nirapekṣatayā sa-kāryam ajñānaṃ nivartayat param satya-jñānaānantānanda-rūpam ekam evādvitīyaṃ paramātma-tattvaṃ prakāśayati praticchāyā-grahaṇa-mātreṇaiva karmatām antareṇābhivyanakti |

atrājñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānena nāśitam ity ajñānansyāvaraṇatva-jñāna-nāśyatvābhyāṃ jñānābhāva-rūpatvaṃ vyāvartitam | nahy abhāvaḥ kiṃcid āvṛṇoti na vā jñānābhāvo jñānena nāśyate svabhāvato nāśa-rūpatvāt tasya | tasmād aham ajño mām anyaṃ ca na jānāmīty ādi-sākṣi-pratyakṣa-siddhaṃ bhāva-rūpam evājñānam iti bhagavato matam | vistaras tv advaita-siddhau draṣṭavyaḥ |

yeṣām iti bahu-vacanenāniyamo darśitaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tad yo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tad abhavat tatha rṣīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇāṃ tad idam apy etarhi ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati ity ādir yad viṣayaṃ yad-āśrayam ajñānaṃ tad-viṣaya-tad-āśraya-pramāṇa-jñānāt tan-nivṛttir iti nyāya-prāptam aniyamaṃ darśayati | tatrājñāna-gatam āvaraṇaṃ dvividham - ekaṃ sato 'py asattvāpādakam anyat tu bhāto 'py abhānāpādakam | tatrādyaṃ parokṣāparokṣa-sādhāraṇa-pramāṇa-jñāna-mātrān nivartate | anumite 'pi vahny-ādau parvate vahnir nāstīty ādi-bhramādarśanāt | tathā satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahmāsti iti vākyāt parokṣa-niścaye 'pi brahma nāstīti bhramo nivartata eva | asty eva brahma kintu mama na bhātīty ekaṃ bhrama-janakaṃ dvitīyam abhānāvaraṇaṃ sākṣātkārād eva nivartate | sa ca sākṣātkāro vedānta-vākyenaiva janyate nirvikalpaka ity ādy advaita-siddhāv anusandheyam ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : yathāvidyā tasya jñānam āvṛṇoti, tathaivāparā tasya vidyā-śaktir avidyāṃ vināśya jñānaṃ prakāśayatīty arthaḥ | jñānena vidyā-śaktyā | ajñānam avidyām | teṣāṃ jīvānāṃ jñānam eva kartṛ ādityavad ity-āditya-prabhā yathāndhakāraṃ vināśya ghaṭa-paṭādikaṃ prakāśayati, tathaiva vidyayaivāvidyāṃ vināśya taj-jīva-niṣṭhaṃ jñānaṃ param aprākṛtaṃ prakāśayati | tena parameśvaro na kam api badhnāti, nāpi kam api mocayati | kintv ajñāna-jñāne prakṛter eva dharmaḥ krameṇa badhnāti mocayati ca | kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-tat-prayojakatvādayor bandhakāḥ | anāsakti-śāntyādayo mocakāś ca prakṛter eva dharmāḥ | kintu parameśvarasyāntaryāmitva eva prakṛtes

baladevaḥ : vijñā na muhyantīty etad āha jñāneneti | sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva [Gītā 4.36] iti | jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi [Gītā 4.37], na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ [Gītā 4.38] iti cokta-mahimnā sad-guru-prasāda-labdhena sva-parātma-viṣayakena jñānena yeṣāṃ sat-prasaṅgināṃ tad-vaimukhyam ajñānaṃ nāśitaṃ pradhvaṃsitaṃ teṣāṃ taj-jñānaṃ kartṛ paraṃ prakāśayati | dehādeḥ paraṃ jīvaṃ vaiṣamyādi-doṣāt param īśvaraṃ ca bodhayati | ādityavat yathā ravir udita eva tamo nirasyan yathāvad vastu pradarśayati, tathā sad-gurūpadeśa-labdham ātma-jñānaṃ yathāvad ātma-vastv iti | atra vinaṣṭājñānānāṃ

BhG 5.17

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃbhūteśvaropāsakānāṃ phalam āha tad-buddhaya iti | tasminn eva buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣām | tasminn etātmā mano yeṣām | tasminn eva niṣṭhā tātparyaṃ yeṣām | tad eva param ayamam āśrayo yeṣām | tataś ca tat-prasāda-labdhenātma-jñānena nirdhūtaṃ nirastaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yeṣām | te 'punar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ yānti ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : jñānena paramātma-tattva-prakāśe sati tad-buddhaya iti | tasmin jñāna-prakāśite paramātma-tattve sac-cid-ānanda-ghana eva bāhya-sarva-viṣaya-parityāgena sādhana-paripākāt paryavasitā buddhir antaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ sākṣātkāra-lakṣaṇā yeṣāṃ te tad-buddhayaḥ sarvadā nirbīja-samādhi-bhāja ity arthaḥ | tat kiṃ boddhāro jīvā boddhavyaṃ brahma-tattvam iti boddhṛ-boddhavya-bhāvo hi māyā-vijṛmbhito na vāstavābheda-virodhīti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tad-ātmāna iti viśeṣaṇaṃ vyartham | avidvad-vyavartakaṃ hi vidvad-viśeṣaṇam | ajñā api hi vastu-gatyā tad-ātmāna iti kathaṃ tad-vyāvṛttir iti cet, na | itarātmatva-vyāvṛttau tātparyāt | ajñā hi anātma-bhūte dehādāv ātmābhimānina iti na tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyante | vijñās tu nivṛtta-dehādy-abhimānā iti virodhi-nivṛttyā tad-ātmāna iti vyapadiśyanta iti yuktaṃ viśeṣaṇam |

nanu karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepe sati kathaṃ dehādy-abhimāna-nivṛttir iti tatrāha tan-niṣṭhā iti | tasminn eva brahmaṇi sarva-karmānuṣṭhāna-vikṣepa-nivṛttyā niṣṭhā sthitir yeṣāṃ te tan-niṣṭhāḥ | sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena tad-eka-vicāra-parā ity arthaḥ | phala-rāge sati kathaṃ tat-sādhana-bhūta-karma-tyāga iti tatrāha tat-parāyaṇāḥ | tad eva param ayanaṃ prāptavyaṃ yeṣāṃ te tat-parāyaṇāḥ | sarvato viraktā ity arthaḥ |

atra tad-buddhaya ity anena sākṣātkāra uktaḥ | tad-ātmāna ity anātmābhimā-rūpa-viparīta-bhāva-nivṛtti-phalako vedānta-vicāraḥ śravaṇa-manana-paripāka-rūpaḥ | tat-parāyaṇā ity anena vairāgya-prakarṣaṃ ity uttarottarasya pūrva-pūrva-hetutvaṃ draṣṭavyam | ukta-viśeṣaṇā yatayo gacchanty apunar-āvṛttiṃ punar-deha-sambandhābhāva-rūpāṃ muktiṃ prāpnuvanti | sakṛn muktānām api punar deha-sambandhaḥ kuto na syād iti tatrāha jñāna-nirdhūta-kalmaṣāḥ jñānena nirdhūtaṃ samūlam unmūlitaṃ punar-deha-sambandha-kāraṇaṃ kalmaṣaṃ puṇya-pāpātmakaṃ karma yeṣāṃ te tathā | jñānenānādy-ajñāna-nivṛttyā

viśvanāthaḥ : kintu vidyā jīvātma-jñānam eva prakāśayati, na tu paramātma-jñānaṃ bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | tasmāt paramātma-jñānārthaṃ jñānibhir api punar viśeṣato bhaktiḥ kāryā ity ata āha tad-buddhaya iti | tat-padena pūrvam upakrānto vibhuḥ parāmṛśyate | tasmin parameśvara eva buddhir yeṣām te tam-manana-parā ity arthaḥ | tad-ātmānas tan-manaskās tam eva dhyāyanta ity arthaḥ | tan-niṣṭhāḥ jñānaṃ mayi saṃnyaset iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | dehādy-atiriktātmma-jñāne 'pi sāttvike niṣṭhāṃ parityajya tad-eka-niṣṭhāḥ | tat-parāyaṇās tadīya-śravaṇa-kīrtana-parāḥ | yad vakṣyate -

bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ |

baladevaḥ : paramātmany avaiṣamyādi-dhyāyatāṃ phalam āha tad iti | tasmiṃs tad-avaiṣamyādike guṇa-gaṇe buddhir niścayātmikā yeṣāṃ te | tad-ātmānas tasmin niviṣṭa-manasaḥ tan-niṣṭhās tat-tātparyavantas tat-parāyaṇās tat-samāśrayāḥ | evam abhyastena tad-vaiṣamyādi-guṇa-jñānena nirdhūta-kalmaṣā vinaṣṭa-tad-vaimukhyāḥ santa apunar-āvṛttiṃ muktiṃ gacchantīti ||17||

BhG 5.18

śrīdharaḥ : kīdṛśās te jñānino ye 'punar-āvṛttiṃ gacchantīty apekṣāyām āha vidyā-vinaya-saṃpanna iti | viṣameṣv api samaṃ brahmaiva draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te paṇḍitāḥ | jñānina ity arthaḥ | atra vidyā-vinayābhyāṃ yukte brāhmaṇe ca | śuno yaḥ pacati tasmin śvapāke ca iti karmaṇā vaiṣamyam | gavi hastini śuni ceti jātito vaiṣamyaṃ darśitam ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : deha-pātād ūrdhvaṃ videha-kaivalya-rūpaṃ jñāna-phalam uktvā prārabdha-karma-vaśāt saty api dehe jīvan-mukti-rūpaṃ tat-phalam āha vidyeti | vidyā vedārtha-parijñānaṃ brahma-vidyā vā | vinayo nirahaṅkāratvam anauddhatyam iti yāvat | tābhyāṃ saṃpanne brahma-vidi vinīte ca brāhmaṇe sāttvike sarvottame | tathā gavi saṃskāra-hīnāyāṃ rājasyāṃ madhyamāyāṃ | tathā hastini śuni śvapāke cātyanta tāmase sarvādhame 'pi | sattvādi-guṇais taj-jaiś ca saṃskārair aspṛṣṭam eva samaṃ brahma draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te sama-darśinaḥ | paṇḍitā jñāninaḥ | yathā gaṅgā-toye taḍāge surāyāṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca guṇātītānāṃ teṣāṃ guṇa-maye vastu-mātra eva tāratamya-mayaṃ viśeṣam ajighṛkṣūṇāṃ sama-buddhir eva syād ity āha vidyeti | brāhmaṇe gavīti sāttvika-jātitvāt | hastini madhyame | śuni ca śvapāke ceti tāmas-jātitvād adhame 'pi tat-tad-viśeṣāgrahaṇāt sama-darśinaḥ paṇḍitā guṇātītāḥ | viśeṣāgrahaṇam eva samaṃ guṇātītaṃ brahma | tad draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te ||18||

baladevaḥ : tān stauti vidyeti | tādṛśe brāhmaṇe śvapāke ceti karmaṇaitau viṣamau gavi hastini śuni ceti jātyaite viṣamāḥ | evaṃ viṣamatayā sṛṣṭeṣu brāhmaṇādiṣu ye paramātmānaṃ samaṃ paśyanti, ta eva paṇḍitāḥ | tat-karmānusāriṇī tena teṣāṃ tathā tathā sṛṣṭiḥ, na tu rāga-dveṣānusāriṇīti parjanyavat sarvatra samaḥ paramātmeti ||18||

BhG 5.19

śrīdharaḥ : nanu viṣamesu sama-darśanaṃ niṣiddhaṃ kurvanto 'pi kathaṃ te paṇḍitāḥ ? yathāha gautamaḥ samāsam ābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjātaḥ iti | asyārthaḥ samāya pūjayā viṣame prakāre kṛte sati viṣamāya ca same prakāre kṛte sati sa pūjaka iha lokāt para-lokāc ca hīyata iti | tatrāha ihaiveti | ihaiva jīvadbhir eva taiḥ | sṛjyate iti sargaḥ saṃsāraḥ | jito nirastaḥ | kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ manaḥ sāmye samatve sthitaṃ | tatra hetuḥ -- hi yasmād brahma samaṃ nirdoṣaṃ ca tasmāt te sama-darśino brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ | brahma-bhāvaṃ prāptā ity arthaḥ | gautamoktas tu doṣo brahma-bhāva-prāpteḥ pūrvam eva | pūjāta iti pūjakāvasthāśravaṇāt ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sāttvika-rājasa-tāmaseṣu svabhāva-viṣameṣu prāṇiṣu samatva-darśanaṃ dharma-śāstra-niṣiddham | tathā ca tasyānnam abhojyam ity upakramya gautamaḥ smarati samāsam ābhyāṃ viṣama-same pūjāta iti | samāsam ābhyām iti caturthī-dvi-vacanam | viṣama-sama iti dvandvaikavad bhāvena saptamy-eka-vacanam | catur-veda-pāragāṇām atyanta-sadācārāṇāṃ yādṛśo vastrālaṅkārānnādi-dāna-puraḥsaraḥ pūjā-viśesaḥ kriyate tat-samāyaivānyasmai caturveda-pāragāya sad-ācārāya viṣame tad-apekṣayā nyūne pūjā-prakāre kṛte | tathālpa-vedānāṃ hīnācārāṇāṃ yādṛśo hīna-sādhanaḥ pūjā-prakāraḥ kriyate tādṛśāyaivāsamāya pūrvokta-veda-pāraga-sad-ācāra-brāhmaṇāpekṣayā hīnāya tādṛśa-hīna-pūjādhike mukhya-pūjā-same pūjā-prakāre kṛte, uttamasya hīnatayā hīnasyottamatayā pūjāto hetos tasya pūjayitur annam abhojyaṃ bhavatīty arthaḥ | pūjayitā pratipatti-viśesam akurvan dhanād dharmāc ca hīyata iti ca doṣāntaram | yadyapi yatīnāṃ niṣparigrahāṇāṃ pākābhāvād dhanābhāvāc cābhojyānnatvaṃ dhana-hīnatvaṃ ca svata eva vidyate tathāpi dharma-hānir doso bhavaty eva | abhojyānnatvaṃ cāśucitvena pāptpatty-upalakṣaṇam | tapo-dhanānāṃ ca tapa eva dhanam iti tad-dhānir api dūṣaṇaṃ bhavaty eveti kathaṃ sama-darśinaḥ paṇḍitā jīvan-muktā iti prāpte pariharati ihaiveti |

taiḥ sama-darśibhiḥ paṇḍitair ihaiva jīvana-daśāyām eva jito 'tikrāntaḥ sargaḥ sṛjyata iti vyutpattyā dvaita-prapañcaḥ | deha-pātād ūrdhvam atikramitavya iti kim u vaktavyam ? kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ sāmye sarva-bhūteṣu viṣameṣv api vartamānasya brahmaṇaḥ sama-bhāve sthitaṃ niścalaṃ manaḥ | hi yasmān nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ sarva-vikāra-śūnyaṃ kūṭastha-nityam ekaṃ ca brahma tasmāt te brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ |

ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | duṣṭatvam hi dvedhā bhavati aduṣṭasyāpi duṣṭa-sambandhāt svato duṣṭatvād vā | yathā gaṅgodakasya mūtra-garta-pātāt | svata eva vā yathā mūtrādeḥ | tatra doṣavatsu śvapākādiṣu sthitaṃ doṣair duṣyati brahmeti mūḍhair vibhāvyamānam api sarva-doṣāsaṃsṛṣṭam eva brahma vyomavad asaṅgatvāt | asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ |

sūryo yathā sarva-lokasya cakṣur na lipyate cākṣuṣair bāhya-doṣaiḥ | ekas tathā sarva-bhūtāntarātmā na lipyate loka-duḥkhena bāhyaḥ || iti śruteḥ |

nāpi kāmādi-dharmavattayā svata eva kaluṣitaṃ kāmāder antaḥkaraṇa-dharmatvasya śruti-smṛti-siddhatvāt | tasmān nirdoṣa-brahma-rūpā yatayo jīvan-muktā abhojyānnādi-doṣa-duṣṭāś ceti vyāhṛtam | smṛtis tv avidvad-gṛhastha-viṣayaiva | tasyānna-bhojyam ity upakramāt | pūjāta iti madhye nirdeśāt | dhanād dharmāc ca hīyata ity upasaṃhārāc ceti draṣṭavyam ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : sama-dṛṣṭitvaṃ stauti | ihaiva iha loka eva sṛjyata iti sargaḥ saṃsāro jitaḥ parābhūtaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ : iheti | iha sādhana-daśāyām eva taiḥ sargaḥ saṃsāro jitaḥ parābhūtaḥ | kaiḥ ? yeṣāṃ manaḥ sāmye 'vaiṣamyākhye brahma-dharme sthitaṃ niviṣṭam | kuto brahmāviṣamam ? tatrāha nirdoṣaṃ hīti | hi yato brahmaṇy avaiṣamyādikaṃ niścikyus tasmāt prapañce tiṣṭhanto 'pi te brahmaṇy eva sthitāḥ muktis teṣāṃ sulabhety arthaḥ ||19||

BhG 5.20

śrīdharaḥ : brahma-prāptasya lakṣaṇam āha na prahṛṣyed iti | brahma-vid bhūtvā brahmaṇy eva yaḥ sthitaḥ sa priyaṃ prāpya na prahṛṣyet prakṛṣṭa-harṣavān syāt | apriyam prāpya ca nodvijet na viṣīdatīty arthaḥ | yataḥ sthira-buddhir sthirā niścalā buddhir yasya | tat kutaḥ ? yato 'saṃmūḍho nivṛtta-mohaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmān nirdoṣaṃ samaṃ brahma tasmāt tad-rūpam ātmānaṃ sākṣātkurvann āha na prahṛṣyed iti | duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣu vigata-spṛhaḥ ity atra vyākhyātaṃ pūrvārdham | jīvan-muktānāṃ svābhāvikaṃ caritam eva mumukṣubhiḥ prayatna-pūrvakam anuṣṭheyam iti vadituṃ liṅga-pratyayau | advitīyātma-darśana-śīlasya vyatirikta-priyāpriya-prāpty-ayogyāc ca tan-nimittau harṣa-viṣādāv ity arthaḥ |

advitīyātma-darśanam eva vivṛṇoti - sthira-buddhiḥ sthirā niścalā saṃnyāsa-pūrvaka-vedānta-vākya-vicāra-paripākeṇa sarva-saṃśaya-śūnyatvena nirvicikitsā niścitā brahmaṇi buddhir yasya sa tathā labdha-śravaṇa-manana-phala iti yāvat | etādṛśasya sarvāsaṃbhāvanā-śūnyatve 'pi viparīta-bhāva-pratibandhāt sākṣātkāro nodetīti nididhyāsanam āha - asaṃmūḍhaḥ | nididhyāsanasya vijātīya-pratyayānantarita-sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāhasya paripākeṇa viparīta-bhāvanākhya-saṃmoha-rahitaḥ | tataḥ sarva-pratibandhāpagamād brahmavid brahma-sākṣātkāravān | tataś ca samādhi-paripākeṇa nirdoṣe same brahmaṇy eva sthito nānyatreti brahmaṇi sthito jīvan-muktaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | etādṛśasya dvaita-darśanābhāvāt praharṣodvegau na bhavata ity ucitam eva | sādhakena tu dvaita-darśane vidyamāne 'pi viṣaya-doṣa-darśanādinā praharṣa-viṣādau tyājyāv ity abhiprāyaḥ ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ laukika-priyāpriyādiṣv api teṣāṃ sāmyam āha na prahṛṣyed iti | na prahṛṣyet na prahṛṣyati | nodvijet nodvijate | sādhana-daśāyām evam abhyased iti vivakṣayā vā liṅ | asaṃmūḍho harṣa-śokādīnām abhimāna-nibandhanatvena saṃmoha-mātratvāt ||20||

baladevaḥ : brahmaṇi sthitasya lakṣaṇam āha neti | vartamāne dehe sthitaḥ prārabdhākṛṣṭaṃ priyam apriyaṃ ca prāpya na prahṛṣyen na codvijet | kutaḥ ? sthirā svātmani buddhir yasya saḥ | asaṃmūḍho 'nityena dehena nityam ātmānam ekīkṛtya mohaṃ na labdhaḥ | brahmavit tādṛśaṃ brahmānubhavan | evaṃlakṣaṇo brahmaṇi sthito bodhyaḥ ||20||

BhG 5.21

śrīdharaḥ : moha-nivṛttyā buddhi-sthairye hetum āha bāhya-sparśeṣv iti | indriyaiḥ spṛśyanta iti sparśā viṣayāḥ | bāhyendriya-viṣayeṣv asaktātmānāsakta-cittaḥ | ātmani antaḥ-karaṇe yad upaśamātmakaṃ sāttvikaṃ sukham tad vindati labhate | sa copaśamaṃ sukhaṃ labdhvā brahmaṇi yogena samādhinā yuktas tadaikyaṃ prāpta ātmā yasya so 'kṣayaṃ sukham aśnute prāpnoti ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bāhya-viṣaya-prīter aneka-janmānubhūtatvenātipracalatvāt tad-āsakta-cittasya katham alaukike brahmaṇi dṛṣṭa-sarva-sukha-rahite sthitiḥ syāt | paramānanda-rūpatvād iti cet, na | tad-ānandasyānanubhūta-caratvena citta-sthiti-hetutvābhāvāt | tad uktaṃ vārttike -

apy ānandaḥ śrutaḥ sākṣān mānenāviṣayīkṛtaḥ | dṛṣṭānandābhilāṣaṃ sa na mandīkartum apy alam || iti |

tatrāha bāhyeti | indriyaiḥ spṛśyanta iti sparśāḥ śabdādayaḥ | te ca bāhyā anātma-dharmatvāt | teṣv asaktātmānāsakta-cittas tṛṣṇā-śūnyatayā viraktaḥ sann ātmani antaḥ-karaṇa eva bāhya-viṣaya-nirapekṣaṃ yad upaśamātmakaṃ sukhaṃ tad vindati labhate nirmala-sattva-vṛttyā | tad uktaṃ bhārate -

yac ca kāma-sukhaṃ loke yac ca divyaṃ mahat sukham | tṛṣṇākṣaya-sukhasyaite nārhataḥ ṣoḍaśīṃ kalām || iti |

athavā pratyag-ātmani tvaṃ-padārthe yat sukhaṃ svarūpa-bhūtaṃ suṣuptāv anubhūyamānaṃ bāhya-viṣayāsakti-pratibandhād alambhamānaṃ tad eva tad-abhāvāl labhate |

na kevalaṃ tvaṃ-padārtha-sukham eva labhate kintu tat-padārthaikyānubhavena pūrṇa-sukham apīty āha sa tṛṣṇā-śūnyo brahmaṇi paramātmani yogaḥ samādhis tena yuktas tasmin vyāpṛta ātmāntaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya sa brahma-yoga-yuktātmā | athavā brahmaṇi tat-padārthe yogena vākyārthānubhava-rūpeṇa samādhinā yukta aikyaṃ prāpta ātmā tvaṃ-padārtha-svarūpaṃ yasya sa tathā | sukham akṣayam anantaṃ sva-svarūpa-bhūtam aśnute vyāpnoti sukhānubhava-rūpa eva sarvadā bhavatīty arthaḥ | nitye 'pi vastuny avidyānivṛtty-abhiprāyeṇa dhātv-artha-yoga aupacārikaḥ | tasmād ātmany akṣaya-sukhānubhavārthī san bāhya-viṣaya-prīteḥ kṣaṇikāyā mahā-narakānubandhinyāḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : sa ca bāhya-sparśeṣu viṣaya-sukheṣv asaktātmā anāsakta-manāḥ | tatra hetur ātmani jīvātmani paramātmānaṃ vindati sati prāpte yat sukhaṃ tad akṣayaṃ sukham | sa evāśnute prāpnoti, na hi nirantaram amṛtāsvādine mṛttikā rocata iti bhāvaḥ ||21||

baladevaḥ : paurvauttaryeṇa sva-parātmānāv anubhavatīty āha bāhyeti | bāhya-sparśeṣu śabdādi-viṣayānubhaveṣu asaktātmā san yadātmani sva-svarūpe 'nubhūyamāne sukham tadādau vindati, tad uttaraṃ brahmaṇi paramātmani yogaḥ samādhis tad-yuktātmā san yad akṣayaṃ mahad-anubhava-lakṣaṇaṃ sukham tad aśnute labhate ||21||

BhG 5.22

śrīdharaḥ : nanu priya-viṣaya-bhogānām api nivṛtteḥ kathaṃ mokṣaḥ puruṣārthaḥ syāt | tatrāha ye hīti | saṃsparśā viṣayās tebhyo jātā ye bhogāḥ sukhāni | te hi vartamāna-kāle 'pi spardhāsūyādi-vyāptatvād duḥkhasyaiva yonayaḥ kāraṇa-bhūtāḥ | tathādimanto 'ntavantaś ca | ato vivekī teṣu na ramate ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bāhya-viṣaya-prīti-nivṛttāv ātmany akṣaya-sukhānubhavas tasmiṃś ca sati tat-prasādād eva bāhya-viṣaya-prīti-nivṛttir itītaretarāśraya-vaśān naikam api sidhyed ity āśaṅkya viṣaya-doṣa-darśanābhyāsenaiva tat-prīti-nivṛttir bhavatīti parihāram āha ye hīti | hi yasmād ye saṃsparśajā viṣayendriya-sambandha-jā bhogāḥ kṣudra-sukha-lavānubhavā iha vā paratra vā rāga-dveṣādi-vyāptatvena duḥkha-yonaya eva te | te sarve 'pi brahma-loka-paryantaṃ duḥkha-hetava eva | tad uktaṃ viṣṇu-purāṇe -

yāvataḥ kurute jantuḥ saṃbandhān manasaḥ priyān | tāvanto 'sya nisvanyante hṛdaye śoka-śaṅkavaḥ || iti |

etādṛśā aḸ na sthirāḥ kintu ādy-anta-vantaḥ | ādir viṣayendriya-saṃyogo 'ntaś ca tad-viyoga evaṃ tau vidyete yeṣāṃ te pūrvāparayor asattvān madhye svapnavad āvirbhūtāḥ kṣaṇikā mithyā-bhūtāḥ | tad uktaṃ gauḍapādācāryaiḥ - ādāv ante ca yat tv asti vartamāne 'pi tat tathā iti |

yasmād evaṃ tasmāt teṣu budho vivekī na ramate pratikūla-vedanīyatvāc ca prītim anubhavati | tad uktaṃ bhagavatā patañjalinā pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ [YogS 2.15] iti | sarvam api viṣaya-sukhaṃ dṛṣṭam ānuśravikaṃ ca duḥkham eva pratikūla-vedanīyatvāt | vivekinaḥ parijñāta-kleśādi-svarūpasya na tv avivekinaḥ | akṣi-pātra-kalpo hi vidvān atyalpa-duḥkha-leśenāpy udvijate yathorṇa-tantur atisukumāro 'py akṣi-pātre nyastaḥ sparśena duḥkhayati netareṣv aṅgeṣu tadvad vivekina eva madhu-viṣa-saṃpṛktānna-bhojanavat sarvam api bhoga-sādhanaṃ kāla-traye 'pi kleśānubiddhatvād duḥkhaṃ na mūḍhasya bahuvidha-duḥkha-sahiṣṇor ity arthaḥ | tatra pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair iti bhūta-vartamāna-bhaviṣyt-kāle 'pi duḥkhānubiddhatvād aupādhikaṃ duḥkhatvaṃ viṣaya-sukhasyoktaṃ, guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc cety anena svarūpato 'pi duḥkhatvam | tatra pariṇāmaś ca tāpaś ca saṃskāraś ca ta eva duḥkhāni tair ity arthaḥ | itthaṃ-bhūta-lakṣaṇe tṛtīyā | tathā hi - rāgānubiddha eva sarvo 'pi sukhānubhavaḥ | na hi tatra na rajyati tena sukhī ceti sambhavati | rāga eva ca pūrvam udbhūtaḥ san viṣaya-prāptyā sukha-rūpeṇa pariṇamate | tasya ca pratikṣaṇaṃ vardhamānatvena sva-viṣayāprāpti-nibandhana-duḥkhasyāparihāryatvād duḥkha-rūpataiva | yā hi bhogeṣv indriyāṇām upaśāntiḥ paritṛptatvāt tat sukham | yā laulyād anupaśāntis tad duḥkham | na cendriyāṇāṃ bhogābhyāsena vaitṛṣṇyaṃ kartuṃ śakyam | yato bhogābhyāsam anu vivardhante rāgāḥ kauśalāni cendriyāṇāṃ | smṛtiś ca -

na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānām upabhogena śāmyati | haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmaiva bhūya evābhivardhate || iti |

tasmād duḥkhātmaka-rāga-pariṇāmatvād viṣaya-sukham api duḥkham eva kārya-kāraṇayor abhedād iti pariṇāma-duḥkhatvam |

tathā sukhānubhava-kāle tat-pratikūlāni duḥkha-sādhanāni dveṣṭi | nānupahatya bhūtāny upabhogaḥ sambhavatīti bhūtāni ca hinasti | dveṣaś ca sarvāṇi duḥkha-sādhanāni me mā bhūvann iti saṅkalpa-viśeṣaḥ | na ca tāni sarvāṇi kaścid api parihartuṃ śaknoti | ataḥ sukhānubhava-kāle 'pi tat-paripanthinaṃ prati dveṣasya sarvadaivāvasthitatvāt tāpa-duḥkhaṃ duṣparihāram eva | tāpo hi dveṣaḥ | evaṃ duḥkha-sādhanāni parihartum aśakto muhyati ceti moha-duḥkhatāpi vyākhyeyā | tathā coktaṃ yoga-bhāṣya-kāraiḥ - sarvasya dveṣānubiddhaś cetanācetana-sādhanādhīnas tāpānubhava iti | tatrāsti dveṣajaḥ karmāśayaḥ | sukha-sādhanāni ca prārthayamānaḥ kāyena vācā manasā ca parispandate | tataḥ param anugṛṇāty upahanti ceti parānuraha-pīḍābhyāṃ dharmādharmāv upacinoti | na karmāśayo lobhān mohāc ca bhavati ity eṣā tāpa-duḥkhatocyate | tathā vartamānaḥ sukhānubhavaḥ sva-vināśa-kāle saṃskāram ādhatte | sa ca sukha-smaraṇaṃ, tac ca rāgaṃ, sa ca manaḥ-kāya-vacana-ceṣṭāṃ, sā ca puṇyāpuṇya-karmāśayau, tau ca janmādīti saṃskāra-duḥkhatā | evaṃ tāpa-mohayor api saṃskārau vyākhyeyau |

evaṃ kāla-traye 'pi duḥkhānuvedhād viṣaya-sukhaṃ duḥkham evety uktvā svarūpato 'pi duḥkhatām āha guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca | guṇāḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ paraspara-viruddha-svabhāvā api taila-varty-agnaya iva dīpaṃ puruṣa-bhogopayuktatvena try-ātmakam ekaṃ kāryam ārabhante tatraikasya prādhānye dvayor guṇa-bhāvāt pradhāna-mātra-vyapadeśena sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ tāmasam iti triguṇam api kāryam ekena guṇena vyapadiśyate | tatra sukhopabhoga-rūpo 'pi pratyaya udbhūta-sattva-kāryatve 'py anudbhūta-rajas-tamaḥ-kāryatvāt triguṇātmaka eva | tathā ca sukhātmakatvavad duḥkhātmakatvaṃ viṣādātmakatvaṃ ca tasya dhruvam iti duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekinaḥ | na caitādṛśo 'pi pratyayaḥ sthiraḥ | yasmāc calaṃ ca guṇa-vṛttam iti kṣipra-pariṇāmi cittam uktam | nanv ekaḥ pratyayaḥ kathaṃ paraspara-viruddha-sukha-duḥkha-mohatvāny ekadā pratipadyata iti cet, na | udbhūtānudbhūtayor virodhābhāvāt | sama-vṛttikānām eva hi guṇānāṃ yugapad virodho na viṣama-vṛttikānām | yathā dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryāṇi labdha-vṛttikāni labdha-vṛttikair evādharmājñānāvairāgyānaiśvaryaiḥ saha virudhyante na tu svarūpa-sadbhiḥ | pradhānasya pradhānena saha virodho na tu durbaleneti hi nyāyaḥ | evaṃ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsy api parasparaṃ prādhānya-mātraṃ yugapan na sahante na tu sad-bhāvam api |

etena pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkheṣv api rāga-dveṣa-mohānāṃ yugapat sad-bhāvo vyākhyātaḥ prasupta-tanu-vicchinnodāra-rūpeṇa kleśānāṃ catur-avasthatvāt | tathā hi - avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśāḥ pañca-kleśāḥ | avidyā kṣetram uttareṣāṃ prasupta-tanu-vicchinnodārāṇām | anityāśuci-duḥkhānātmasu nitya-śuci-sukhātma-khyātir avidyā | dṛg-darśana-śaktyor ekātmataivāsmitā | sukhanuśayī rāgaḥ | duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ | svarasa-vāhī viduṣo 'pi tathārūḍho 'bhiniveśaḥ | te pratiprasava-heyāḥ sūkṣmāḥ | dhyāna-heyās tad-vṛttayaḥ | kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ | sati mūle tad-vipāko jātyāyur bhogāḥ [YogS 2.3-13] iti pātañjalāni sūtrāṇi | tatrātasmiṃs tad-buddhir viparyayo mithyā-jñānam avidyeti paryāyāḥ | tasyā viśeṣaḥ saṃsāra-nidānam | tatrānitye nitya-buddhir yathā - dhruvā pṛthivī dhruvā sa-candra-tārakā dyaur amṛtā divaukasa iti | aśucau parama-bībhatse kāye śuci-buddhir yathā naveva śaśāṅkalekhā kamanīyeyaṃ kanyā madhv-amṛtāvayava-nirmiteva candraṃ bhittvā niḥsṛteva jñāyate nīlotpala-patrāyatākṣī hāvagarbhābhyāṃ locanābhyāṃ jīva-lokam āśvāsayatīveti kasya kena sambandhaḥ |

sthānād bījād upaṣṭambhān niṣyandān nidhanād api | kāyam ādheya-śaucatvāt paṇḍitā hy aśuciṃ viduḥ || iti ca vaiyāsaki-ślokaḥ |

etenāpuṇye puṇya-pratyayo 'narthe cārtha-pratyayo vyākhyātaḥ | duḥkhe sukha-khyātir udāhṛtā pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkhair guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca duḥkham eva sarvaṃ vivekina iti | anātmany ātma-khyātir yathā śarīre manuṣyo 'ham ity ādiḥ | iyaṃ cāvidyā sarva-kleśa-mūla-bhūtā tama ity ucyate | buddhi-puruṣayor abhedābhimāno 'smitā mohaḥ | sādhana-rahitasyāpi sarvaṃ sukha-jātīyaṃ me bhūyād iti viparyaya-viśeṣo rāgaḥ | sa eva mahā-mohaḥ | duḥkha-sādhane vidyamāne 'pi kim api duḥkham me mā bhūd iti viparyaya-viśeṣo dveṣaḥ | sa tāmisraḥ | āyur-abhāve 'py etaiḥ śarīrendriyādibhir anityair api viyogo me mā bhūd ity āvidvad-aṅganā-bālaṃ svābhāvikaḥ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇo maraṇa-trāsa-rūpo viparyaya-viśeṣo 'bhiniveśaḥ | so 'ndha-tāmisraḥ | tad uktaṃ purāṇe-

tamo moho mahā-mohas tāmisro hy andha-saṃjñitaḥ | avidyā pañca-parvaiṣā prādurbhūtā mahātmanaḥ || iti |

ete ca kleśāś catur avasthā bhavanti | tatrāsato 'nutpatter anabhivyakta-rūpeṇāvasthānaṃ suptāvasthā | abhivyaktasyāpi saha-kārya-lābhāt kāryājanakatvaṃ tanv-avasthā | abhivyaktasya janita-kāryasyāpi kenacid balavatābhibhavo vicchedāvasthā | abhivyaktasya prāpta-sahakāri-sampatter apratibandhena sva-kārya-karatvam udārāvasthā | etādṛg avasthā-catuṣṭaya-viśiṣṭānām asmitādīnāṃ caturṇāṃ viparyaya-rūpāṇāṃ kleśānām avidyaiva sāmānya-rūpā kṣetraṃ prasava-bhūmiḥ | sarveṣām api viparyaya-rūpatvasya darśitatvāt | tenāvidyā-nivṛttyaiva kleśānāṃ nivṛttir ity arthaḥ | te ca kleśāḥ prasuptā yathā prakṛti-līnānāṃ, tanavaḥ pratipakṣa-bhāvanayā tanūkṛtā yathā yoginām | ta ubhaye 'pi sūkṣmāḥ pratiprasavena mano-nirodhenaiva nirbīja-samādhinā heyāḥ | ye tu sūkṣma-vṛttayas tat-kārya-bhūtāḥ sthūlā vicchinnā udāhārāś ca vicchidya vicchidya tena tenātmanā punaḥ prādurbhavantīti vicchinnāḥ | yathā rāga-kāle krodho vidyamāno 'pi na prādurbhūta iti vicchinna ucyate | evam ekasyāṃ striyāṃ caitro rakta iti nānyāsu viraktaḥ kintv ekasyāṃ rāgo labdha-vṛttir anyāsu ca bhaviṣyad-vṛttir iti sa tadā vicchinna ucyate, ye yadā viṣayeṣu labdha-vṛttayas te tadā sarvātmanā prādurbhūtā udārā ucyante, ta ubhaye 'py atisthūlatvāc chuddha-sattva-bhavena bhagavad-dhyānena heyā na mano-niodham apekṣante | nirodha-heyās tu sūkṣmā eva | tathā ca pariṇāma-tāpa-saṃskāra-duḥkheṣu prasupta-tanu-vicchinna-rūpeṇa sarve kleśāḥ sarvadā santi | udāratā tu kadācit kasyacid iti viśeṣaḥ | ete ca bādhanā-lakṣaṇaṃ duḥkham upajanayantaḥ kleśa-śabda-vācyā bhavanti | yataḥ karmāśayo dharmādharmākhyaḥ kleśa-mūlaka eva | sati ca mūla-bhūte kleśe tasya karmāśayasya vipākaḥ phalaṃ janmāyur bhogaś ceti | sa ca karmāśaya iha paratra ca sva-vipākārambhakatvena dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ | evaṃ kleśa-santatir ghaṭī-yantravad aniśam āvartate | ataḥ samīcīnam uktaṃ ye hi saṃsparśajā bhogā duḥkha-yonaya eva te ādyantavanta iti | duḥkha-yonitvaṃ pariṇāmādibhir guṇa-vṛtti-virodhāc ca ādyantavattvaṃ guṇa-vṛttasya calatvād iti yoga-mate vyākhyā |

aupaniṣadānāṃ tu anādi bhāva-rūpam ajñānam avidyā | ahaṃkāra-dharmy-adhyāso 'smitā | rāga-dveṣābhiniveśās tad-vṛtti-viśeṣā ity avidyā-mūlatvāt sarve 'py avidyātmakatvena mithyā-bhūtā rajju-bhujaṅgādhyāsavan mithyātve 'pi duḥkha-yonayaḥ svapnādivad dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-mātratvenādyantavantaś ceti budho 'dhiṣṭhāna-sākṣātkāreṇa nivṛtta-bhramas teṣu na ramate, mṛga-tṛṣṇikā-svarūpa-jñānavān iva tatrodakārthī na pravartate | na saṃsāre sukhasya gandha-mātram apy astīti buddhvā tataḥ sarvāṇīndriyāṇi nivartayed ity arthaḥ ||22||

baladevaḥ : adṛṣṭākṛṣṭeṣu viṣaya-bhogeṣv anityatva-viniścayān na sajjatīty āha ye hīti | saṃsparśajā viṣaya-janyā bhogāḥ sukhāni | sphuṭam anyat ||22||

BhG 5.23

śrīdharaḥ : yasmān mokṣa eva paramaḥ puruṣārthaḥ | tasya ca kāma-krodha-vego 'tipratipakṣaḥ | atas tat-sahana-samartha eva mokṣa-bhāg ity āha śaknotīti | kāmāt kordhāc codbhavati yo vego mano-netrādi-kṣobhādi-lakṣaṇaḥ | tam ihaiva tad-uttara-samaya eva yo naraḥ soḍhuṃ pratiroddhuṃ śaknoti, tad api na kṣaṇa-mātram | kintu śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt prāk, yāvad-deha-pātam ity arthaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ sa eva yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ sukhī ca bhavati | nānyaḥ | yad vā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno 'pi putrādibhir dahyamāno 'pi yathā prāṇa-śūnyaḥ kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa eva yuktaḥ sukhī cety arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena -

prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati | tathā cet prāṇa-yukto 'pi sa kaivalyāśrayo bhavet || iti ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : sarvānartha-prāpti-hetur durnivāro 'yaṃ śreyo-mārga-pratipakṣaḥ kaṣṭatamo doṣo mahatā yatnena mumukṣuṇā nivāraṇīya iti yatnādhikya-vidhānāya punar āha śaknotīti | ātmano 'nukūleṣu sukha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu smaryamāṇeṣu vā tad-guṇānusandhānābhyāsena yo raty-ātmako gardho 'bhilāṣas tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ sa kāmaḥ | strī-puṃsayoḥ paraspara-vyatikarābhilāṣe tv atyanta-nirūḍhaḥ kāma-śabdaḥ | etad-abhilāṣeṇa kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobha ity atra dhana-tṛṣṇā lobhaḥ strī-vyatikara-tṛṣṇā kāma iti kāma-lobhau pṛthag uktau | iha tu tṛṣṇā-sāmānyābhiprāyeṇa kāma-śabdaḥ prayukta iti lobhaḥ pṛthaṅ noktaḥ | evam ātmanaḥ pratikūleṣu duḥkha-hetuṣu dṛśyamāneṣu śrūyamāṇeṣu vā tad-doṣānusandhānābhyāsena yaḥprajvalanātmako dveṣo manyuḥ sa krodhaḥ | tayor utkaṭāvasthā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhāna-pratibandhakatayā loka-veda-viruddha-pravṛtty-unmukhatva-rūpā nadī-vega-sāmyena vega ity ucyate | yathā hi nadyā vego varṣāsv atiprabalatayā loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api garte pātayitvā majjayati cādho nayati ca, tathā kāma-krodhayor vego viṣayābhidhyānābhyāsena varṣā-kāla-sthānīyenātiprabalo loka-veda-virodha-pratisandhānenānicchantam api viṣaya-garte pātayitvā saṃsāra-samudre majjayati cādho mahā-narakān nayati ceti vega-pada-prayogeṇa sūcitam | etac cātha kena prayukto 'yam ity atra nivṛttam |

tam etādṛśaṃ kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegam antaḥkaraṇa-prakṣobha-rūpaṃ stambha-svedādy-aneka-bāhya-vikāra-liṅgam ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇāc charīra-vimokṣaṇa-paryantam aneka-nimitta-vaśāt sarvadā sambhāvyamānatvenāvisrambhaṇīyam antar utpanna-doṣa-darśanābhyāsajena vaśīkāra-saṃjñaka-vairāgyeṇa soḍhuṃ tad-anurūpa-kāryāsampādanenānarthakaṃ kartuṃ śaknoti samartho bhavati, sa eva yukto yogī, sa eva sukhī, sa eva naraḥ pumān puruṣārtha-sampādanāt | tad-itaras tv āhāra-nidrā-bhaya-maithunādi-paśu-dharma-mātra-ratatvena manuṣyākāraḥ paśur eveti bhāvaḥ |

ā-śarīra-vimokṣaṇād ity atrānyad vyākhyānam - yathā maraṇād ūrdhvaṃ vilapantībhir yuvatībhir āliṅgyamāno 'pi putrādibhir dahyamāno 'pi prāṇa-śūnyatvāt kāma-krodha-vegaṃ sahate, tathā maraṇāt prāg api jīvann eva yaḥ sahate sa yukta ity ādi | atra yadi maraṇavaj jīvane 'pi kāma-krodhānutpatti-mātraṃ brūyāt tadaitad yujyate | yathoktaṃ vaśiṣṭhena -

prāṇe gate yathā dehaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ na vindati | tathā cet prāṇa-yukto 'pi sa kaivalyāśrame vaset || iti |

baladevaḥ : śaknotīhaiva yaḥ soḍhuṃ prāk śarīra-vimokṣaṇāt | kāma-krodhodbhavaṃ vegaṃ sa yuktaḥ sa sukhī naraḥ ||23||

BhG 5.24

śrīdhara : na kevalaṃ kāma-krodha-vega-saṃharaṇa-mātreṇa mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | api tu yo 'ntaḥ-sukha iti | antarātmany eva sukhaṃ yasya | na viṣayeṣu | antar evārāma ākrīḍā yasya na bahiḥ | antar eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya | na gīta-nṛtyādiṣu | sa evaṃ brahmaṇi bhūtaḥ sthitaḥ san brahmaṇi nirvāṇaṃ layam adhigacchati prāpnoti ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : kāma-krodha-vega-sahana-mātreṇaiva mucyante iti na, kintu yo 'ntar iti | antar-bāhya-viṣaya-nirapekṣam eva svarūpa-bhūtaṃ sukhaṃ yasya so 'ntaḥ-sukho bāhya-viṣaya-janita-sukha-śūnya ity arthaḥ | kuto bāhya-sukhābhāvas tatrāha antar ātmany eva na tu stry-ādi-viṣaye bāhya-sukha-sādhana ārāma āramaṇaṃ krīḍā yasya so 'ntar-ārāmas tyakta-sarva-parigrahatvena bāhya-sukha-sādhana-śūnya ity arthaḥ |

nanu tyakta-sarva-parigrahasyāpi yater yadṛcchopanataiḥ kokilādi-madhura-śabda-śravaṇa-manda-pavana-sparśana-candrodaya-mayūra-nṛtyādi-darśanāti-madhura-śītala-gaṅgodaka-pāna-ketakī-kusuma-saurabhādy-avaghrāṇādibhir grāmyaiḥ sukhotpatti-sambhavāt kathaṃ bāhya-sukha-tat-sādhana-śūnyatvam iti tatrāha tathāntar-jyotir eva yaḥ | yathāntar eva sukhaṃ na bāhyair viṣayais tathāntar evātmani jyotir vijñānaṃ na bāhyair indriyair yasya so 'ntar-jyotiḥ śrotrādi-janya-śabdādi-viṣaya-vijñāna-rahitaḥ | eva-kāro viśeṣaṇa-traye 'pi sambadhyate | samādhi-kāle śabdādi-pratibhāsābhāvād vyutthāna-kāle tat-pratibhāse 'pi mithyātva-niścayān na bāhya-viṣayais tasya sukhotpatti-sambhava ity arthaḥ |

ya evaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇa-sampannaḥ sa yogī samāhito brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma paramānanda-rūpaṃ kalpita-dvaitopaśama-rūpatvena nirvāṇaṃ tad eva, kalpita-bhāvasyādhiṣṭhānātmakatvāt | avidyāvaraṇa-nivṛttyādhigacchati nitya-prāptam eva prāpnoti | yataḥ sarvadaiva brahma-bhūto nānyaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti iti śruteḥ | avasthiter iti kāśa-kṛtsnaḥ iti nyāyāc ca ||24||

viśvanātha - yas tu saṃsārātītas tasya tu brahmānubhava eva sukham ity āha ya iti | antarātmany eva sukhaṃ yasya saḥ | yato 'ntarātmany eva ramate, ato 'ntarātmany eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya saḥ ||24||

baladeva - yat prītyā taṃ soḍhuṃ śaktas tad āha yo 'ntar iti | antarvartinānubhūtenātmanā sukhaṃ yasya saḥ, tenaivārāmaḥ krīḍā yasya saḥ | tasminn eva jyotir dṛṣṭir yasya saḥ | īdṛśo yogī niṣkāma-karmī brahma-bhūto labdha-śuddha-jaiva-svarūpo brahmādhigacchati paramātmānaṃ labhate | nirvāṇaṃ mokṣa-rūpaṃ tenaiva tal-lābhāt ||24||

BhG 5.25

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca labhanta iti | ṛṣayaḥ samyag-darśinaḥ | kṣīṇaṃ kalmaṣaṃ yeṣām | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite ratāḥ kṛpalavaḥ | te brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣaṃ labhante ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : mukti-hetor jñānasya sādhanāntarāṇi vivṛṇvann āha labhanta iti | prathamaṃ yajñādibhiḥ kṣīṇa-kalmaṣāḥ | tato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhayā ṛṣayaḥ sūkṣma-vastu-vivecana-samarthāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ | tataḥ śravaṇādi-paripākeṇa cchinna-dvaidhā nivṛtta-sarva-saṃśayāḥ | tato nididhyāsana-paripākeṇa saṃyatātmānaḥ paramātmany evaikāgra-cittāḥ | etādṛśāś ca dvaitādarśitvena sarva-bhūta-hite ratā hiṃsā-śūnyā brahma-vido brahma-nirvāṇaṃ labhante |

yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūd vijānataḥ | tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvam anupaśyataḥ || iti śruteḥ |

baladevaḥ : evaṃ sādhana-siddhā bahava bhavantīty āha labhanta iti | ṛṣayas tattva-draṣṭāraḥ | chinna-dvaidhā vinaṣṭ-saṃśayāḥ | sphuṭam anyat ||25||

BhG 5.26

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca kāmety ādi | kāma-krodhābhyāṃ viyuktānām | yatīnāṃ saṃnyāsinām | saṃyata-cittānāṃ jñātātma-tattvānām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca | na dehānta eva teṣāṃ brahmaṇi layaḥ, api tu jīvatām api vartata ity arthaḥ ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvaṃ kāma-krodhayor utpannayor api vegaḥ soḍhavya ity uktam adhunā tu tayor utpatti-pratibandha eva kartavya ity āha kāmeti | kāma-krodhayor viyogas tad-anutpattir eva tad-yuktānāṃ kāma-krodha-viyuktānām | ataeva yata-cetasāṃ saṃyata-cittānāṃ yatīnāṃ yatna-śīlānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ viditātmanāṃ sākṣāt-kṛta-paramātmanām abhita ubhayato jīvatāṃ mṛtānāṃ ca teṣāṃ brahma-nirvāṇaṃ mokṣo vartate nityatvāt, na tu bhaviṣyati sādhyatvābhāvāt ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : jñātas tvaṃ-padārtha-nāma-prāpta-paramātma-jñānānāṃ kiyatā kālena brahma-nirvāṇa-sukhaṃ syād ity apekṣāyām āha kāmeti | yata-cetasām uparata-manasāṃ kṣīṇa-liṅga-śarīrāṇām iti yāvat, abhitaḥ sarvato-bhāvenaiva vartata eveti brahma-nirvāṇe tasya naivātivilambam iti bhāvaḥ ||26||

baladevaḥ : īdṛśān paramātmāpy anuvartata ity āha kāmeti | yatīnāṃ prayatnavatāṃ tān abhito brahma vartata ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ -

darśana-dhyāna-saṃsparśair matsya-kūrma-vihaṅgamāḥ | svāny apatyāni puṣṇanti tathāham api padmaja || iti ||26||

BhG 5.27-28

śrīdharaḥ : sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇam ity ādiṣu yogī mokṣam avāpnotīty uktam | tam eva yogaṃ saṅkṣepeṇāha sparśān iti dvābhyām | bāhyā eva sparśā rūpa-rasādayo viṣayāś cintitāḥ santo 'ntaḥ praviśanti | tāṃs tac-cintā-tyāgena bahir eva kṛtvā | cakṣur bhruvor antare bhrū-madhya eva kṛtvātyantaṃ netrayor nimīlane hi nidrayā mano līyate | unmīlane ca bahiḥ prasarati | tad-ubhaya-doṣa-parihārārtham ardha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | ucchvāsa-niḥśvāsa-rūpeṇa nāsikayor abhyantare carantau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-rodhena samau kṛtvā, kumbhakaṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ | yad vā prāṇo 'yaṃ yathā na

yateti | anenopāyena yatāḥ saṃyatā indriya-mano-buddhayo yasya | mokṣa eva param ayanaṃ prāpyaṃ yasya | ataeva vigatā icchā-bhaya-krodhā yasya | evaṃbhūto yo muniḥ sa sadā jīvann api mukta evety arthaḥ ||27-28||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvam īśvarārpita-sarva-bhāvasya karma-yogenāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhis tataḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsas tataḥ śravaṇādi-parasya tattva-jñānaṃ mokṣa-sādhanam udetīty uktam | adhunā sa yogī brahma-nirvāṇam ity atra sūcitaṃ dhyāna-yogaṃ samyag-darśana-syāntaraṅga-sādhanaṃ vistareṇa vaktuṃ sūtra-sthānīyāṃs trīn ślokān āha bhagavān | eteṣām eva vṛtti-sthānīyaḥ kṛtsnaḥ ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyo bhaviṣyati | tatrāpi dvābhyāṃ saṅkṣepeṇa yoga ucyate | tṛtīyena tu tat-phalaṃ paramātma-jñānam iti vivekaḥ |

sparśān śabdādīn bāhyān bahir bhavān api śrotrādi-dvārā tat-tad-ākārāntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛttibhir antaḥ-praviṣṭān punar bahir eva kṛtvā para-vairāgya-vaśena tat-tad-ākārāṃ vṛttim anutpādyety arthaḥ | yady eta āntarā bhaveyus tadopāya-sahasreṇāpi bahir na syuḥ svabhāva-bhaṅga-prasaṅgāt | bāhyānāṃ tu rāga-vaśād antaḥ-praviṣṭānāṃ vairāgyeṇa bahir gamanaṃ sambhavatīti vadituṃ bāhyān iti viśeṣaṇam | tad anena vairāgyam uktvābhyāsam āha cakṣuś caivāntare bhruvoḥ kṛtvety anuṣajyate | atyanta-nimīlane hi nidrākhyā layātmikā vṛttir ekā bhavet | prasāreṇa tu pramāṇa-viparyaya-viveka-vikalpa-smṛtayaś catasro vikṣepātmikā vṛttayo bhaveyuḥ | pañcāpi tu vṛttayo niroddhavyā iti ardha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye cakṣuṣo nidhānam | tathā prāṇāpānau samau tulyāv ūrdhvādho-gati-vicchedena nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau kumbhakeṇa kṛtvā, anenopāyena yatāḥ saṃyatā indriya-mano-buddhayo yasya sa tathā | mokṣa-parāyaṇaḥ sarva-viṣaya-virakto munir manana-śīlo bhavet | vigatecchā-bhaya-krodha iti vīrta-rāga-bhaya-krodha ity atra vyākhyātam | etādṛśo yaḥ saṃnyāsī sadā bhavati mukta eva saḥ | na tu tasya mokṣaḥ kartavyo 'sti | athavā ya etādṛśaḥ sa sadā jīvann api mukta eva ||27-28||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evam īśvarārpita-niṣkāma-karma-yogenāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiḥ | tato jñānaṃ tvaṃ-padārtha-viṣayakam | tatas tat-padārtha-jñānārthaṃ bhaktiḥ | tad-uttha-jñānena guṇātītena brahmānubhava ity uktam | idānīṃ niṣkāma-karma-yogena śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasyāṣṭāṅga-yogaṃ brahmānubhava-sādhanaṃ jñāna-yogād apy utkṛṣṭatvena ṣaṣṭhādhyāye vaktuṃ tat-sūtra-rūpaṃ śloka-trayam āha sparśān iti | bāhyā eva śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhāḥ sparśa-śabda-vācyāḥ | manasi praviśya ye vartante tān, tasmān manasaḥ sakāśād bahiṣkṛtya viṣayebhyo manaḥ pratyāhṛtyety arthaḥ | cakṣuṣī ca bhruvor antare madhye kṭvā netrayoḥ sampūrṇa-nimīlane nidrayā mano līyata unmīlanena bahiḥ prasarati | tad-ubhaya-doṣa-parihārārtham ardha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyocchvāsa-niśvāsa-rūpeṇa nāsikayor abhyantare carantau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-nirodhena samau kṛtvā | yatā vaśīkṛtā indriyādayo yena saḥ ||27-28||

baladevaḥ : atha karmaṇā niṣkāmeṇa viśuddha-manāḥ samuditātma-jñānas tad-darśanāya samādhiṃ kuryād iti sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ sūcayann āha sparśān iti | sparśā śabdādayo viṣayās te bāhyā eva smṛtāḥ santo manasi praviśanti | tāṃs tat-smṛti-parityāgena bahiṣkṛtya viṣayebhyo manaḥ pratyāhṛtyety arthaḥ | bhruvor antare madhye cakṣuś ca kṭvā netrayoḥ saṃnimīlane nidrayā manaso layaḥ | pronmīlane ca bahis tasya prasāraḥ syāt | tad-ubhaya-vinivṛttaye 'rdha-nimīlanena bhrū-madhye dṛṣṭiṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | tathā nāsābhyantara-cāriṇau prāṇāpānāv ūrdhvādho-gati-nirodhena samau tulyau kṛtvā kumbhayitvety arthaḥ | etenopāyena yatā ātmāvalokanāya sthāpitā indriyādayo yena saḥ | munir ātma-manana-śīlaḥ | mokṣa-parāyaṇo mokṣaika-prayojanaḥ | ato vigatecchādiḥ | īdṛśo yaḥ sarvadā phala-kālavat sādhana-kāle 'pi mukta eva ||27-28||

BhG 5.29

śrīdharaḥ : nanv evam indriyādi-saṃyamana-mātreṇa kathaṃ muktiḥ syāt ? na tan-mātreṇa, kintu jñāna-dvāreṇety āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ caiva mama bhaktaiḥ samarpitānāṃ yadṛcchayā bhoktāraṃ pālakam iti vā | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaram | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ nirapekṣopakāriṇam | antaryāmiṇaṃ māṃ jñātvā mat-prasādena śāntiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati prāpnoti ||29||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ saṃnyāsa-yogo nāma pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yoga-yuktaḥ kiṃ jñātvā mucyata iti tadāha bhoktāram iti | sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca kartṛ-rūpeṇa devatā-rūpeṇa ca bhoktāraṃ bhoga-kartāraṃ pālakam iti vā | bhuja pālanābhyavahārayoḥ iti dhātuḥ | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ hiraṇyagarbhādīnām api niyantāram | sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ suhṛdaṃ pratyupakāra-nirapekṣatayopakāriṇaṃ sarvāntgaryāmiṇaṃ sarva-bhāsakaṃ paripūrṇa-sac-cid-ānanadaika-rasaṃ paramārtha-satyaṃ sarvātmānaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ māṃ jñātvātmatvena sākṣātkṛtya śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāroparatiṃ muktim ṛcchati prāpnotīty arthaḥ | tvāṃ paśyann api kathaṃ nāhaṃ mukta ity āśaṅkyānirākaraṇāya viśeṣaṇāni | ukta-rūpeṇaiva mama jñānaṃ mukti-kāraṇam iti bhāvaḥ ||29||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām sva-svarūpa-parijñānaṃ nāma

viśvanāthaḥ : evambhūtasya yogino 'pi jñānina iva bhakty-utthena paramātma-jñānenaiva mokṣa ity āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ karmi-kṛtānāṃ tapasāṃ ca jñāni-kṛtānāṃ bhoktāraṃ pālayitāram iti karmiṇāṃ jñānināṃ copāsyam | sarva-lokānāṃ maheśvaraṃ mahā-niyantāram antaryāminaṃ yoginām upāsyam | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ kṛpayā sva-bhakta-dvārā sva-bhakty-upadeśena hita-kāriṇam iti bhaktānām upāsyaṃ māṃ jñātveti sattva-guṇa-maya-jñānena nirguṇasya mamānubhavāsambhavāt bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-ukteḥ | nirguṇayā bhaktyaiva yogī svopāsyaṃ paramātmānaṃ mām aparokṣānubhava-gocarīkṛtya

baladevaḥ : evaṃ samādhi-sthaḥ kṛta-svātmāvalokanaḥ paramātmānam upāsyam ucyata ity āha bhoktāram iti | yajñānāṃ tapasāṃ ca bhoktāraṃ pālakam | sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ vidhi-rudrādīnām api maheśvaram | tam īśvarāṇāṃ paramaṃ maheśvaraṃ [ŚvetU 6.7] ity ādi śravaṇāt | sarva-bhūtānāṃ suhṛdaṃ nirapekṣopakārakam | īdṛśaṃ māṃ jñātvā svārādhyatayānubhūya śāntiṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttim ṛcchati labhate | sarveśvarasya suhṛdaś ca samārādhanaṃ khalu sukhāvahaṃ sukha-sādhanam iti ||29||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||5||

pañcamo 'dhyāyaḥ sannyāsa-yogaḥ

Bhagavadgita 6

BhG 6.1

pūrvādhyāye saṃkṣepeṇoktaṃ yogaṃ prapañcayituṃ ṣaṣṭhādhyāyārambhaḥ | tatra tāvat sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasya [Gītā 5.13] ity ārabhya saṃnyāsa-pūrvikāyā jñāna-niṣṭhāyās tātparyenābhidhānād duḥkha-rūpatvāc ca karmaṇaḥ sahasā saṃnyāsātiprasaṅgaṃ prāptaṃ vārayituṃ saṃnyāsād api śreṣṭhatvena karma-yogaṃ stauti anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karma-phalam anāśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ sann avaśya-kāryatayā vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa eva saṃnyāsī yogī ca na tu niragnir agni-sādhyeṣṭākhya-karma-tyāgī | na cākriyo 'nagni-sādhya-pūrtākhya-karma-tyāgī ||1||

tatra sarva-karma-tyāgena yogaṃ vidhāsyaṃs tyājyatvena hīnatvam āśaṅkya karma-yogaṃ stauti anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karmaṇāṃ phalam āśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ phalābhisaṃdhi-rahitaḥ san kāryaṃ kartavyatayā śāstreṇa vihitaṃ nityam agnihotrādi karma karoti yaḥ sa karmy api san saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti stūyate |

sannyāso hi thyāgaḥ | citta-gata-vikṣepābhāvaś ca yogaḥ | tau cāsya vidyete phala-tyāgāt phala-tṛṣṇā-rūpa-citta-vikṣepābhāvāc ca | karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-tyāga evātra gauṇyā vṛttyā saṃnyāsa-yoga-śabdābhyām abhidhīyate sakāmānapekṣya prāśastya-kathanāya | avaśyambhāvinau hi niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhātur mukhyau saṃnyāsa-yogau | tasmād ayaṃ yadyapi na niragnir agni-sādhya-śrauta-karma-tyāgī na bhavati, na cākriyo 'gni-nirapekṣa-smārta-kriyā-tyāgī ca na bhavati | tathāpi saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ |

athavā na niragnir na cākriyaḥ saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavyaḥ | kintu sāgniḥ sakriyaś ca niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhāyī saṃnyāsī yogī ceti mantavya iti stūyate | apaśavo vā anye go-aśvebhyaḥ paśavo go-aśvān ity atreva praśaṃsā-lakṣaṇayā nañ-anvayopapattiḥ | atra cākriya ity anenaiva sarva-karma-saṃnyāsini labdhe niragnir iti vyarthaṃ syād ity agni-śabdena sarvāṇi karmāṇy upalakṣya niragnir iti saṃnyāsī kriyā-śabdena citta-vṛttīr upalakṣyākriya iti niruddha-citta-vṛttir yogī ca kathyate | tena na niragniḥ saṃnyāsī mantavyo na cākriyo yogī mantavya iti yathā-saṅkhyam ubhaya-vyatireko darśanīyaḥ | evaṃ sati nañ-dvayam apy upapannam

aṣṭāṅga-yogābhyāse pravṛttenāpi citta-śodhakaṃ niṣkāma-karma na tyājyam ity āha karma-phalam āśrito 'napekṣamāṇaḥ kāryam avaśya-kartavyatvena śāstra-vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa eva karma-phala-saṃnyāsāt saṃnyāsī, sa eva viṣaya-bhogeṣu cittābhāvād yogī cocyate | na ca niragnir agnihotrādi-karma-mātra-tyāgavān eva sannyāsy ucyate | na cākriyo na daihika-ceṣṭā-śūnyo 'rdha-nimīlita-netra eva yogī cocyate ||1||

proktaṃ karma-yogam aṣṭāṅga-yoga-śiraskam upadekṣyann ādau tau tad-upāyatvāt taṃ karma-yogam stauti bhagavān anāśrita iti dvābhyām | karma-phalam paśv-anna-putra-svargādi-kāmanāśrito 'nicchan kāryam avaśya-kartavyatayā vihitaṃ karma yaḥ karoti, sa saṃnyāsī jñāna-yoga-niṣṭhaḥ, yogī cāṣṭāṅga-yoga-niṣṭhaḥ sa eva | karma-yogenaiva tayoḥ siddhir iti bhāvaḥ | na niragnir agnihotrādi-karma-tyāgī yati-veśaḥ sannyāsī na cākriyaḥ śarīra-karma-tyāgī ardha-mudrita-netro yogī | atra yogam aṣṭāṅgaṃ cikīrṣūṇāṃ sahasā karma na tyājyam iti matam ||1||

BhG 6.2

śrīdharaḥ : kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ karma-yogasyaiva saṃnyāsatvaṃ pratipādayann āha yam iti | saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ prakarṣeṇa śreṣṭhatvenāhuḥ | nyāsa evāty arecayat ity ādi śruteḥ | kevalāt phala-saṃnyasanād dhetor yogam eva taṃ jānīhi | kuta ity apekṣāyām iti śabdokto hetur yoge 'py astīty āha na hīti | na saṃnyastaḥ phala-saṃkalpo yena sa karma-niṣṭho jñāna-niṣṭho vā kaścid api na hi yogī bhavati | ataḥ phala-saṅkalpa-tyāga-sāmyāt saṃnyāsī ca phala-saṅkalpa-tyāgād eva citta-vikṣepābhāvād yogī ca bhavaty eva sa ity arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : asaṃnyāse 'pi saṃnyāsa-śabda-prayoge nimitta-bhūtaṃ guṇa-yogaṃ darśayitum āha yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti | yaṃ sarva-karma-tat-phala-parityāgaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhuḥ śrutayaḥ nyāsa evāty arecayat, brāhmaṇāḥ puatraiṣaṇāyāś ca vittaiṣaṇāyāś ca lokaiṣaṇāyāś ca vyutthāyātha bhikṣā-caryaṃ caranti ity ādyāḥ | yogaṃ phala-tṛṣṇā-kartṛtvābhimānayoḥ parityāgena vihita-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ taṃ saṃnyāsaṃ viddhi he pāṇḍava | abrahma-dattaṃ brahma-dattam ity āha taṃ vayaṃ manyāmahe brahma-datta-sadṛśo 'yam iti nyāyāt para-śabdaḥ paratra prayujyamānaḥ sādṛśyaṃ bodhayati gauṇyā vṛttyā tad-bhāvāropeṇa vā | prakṛte tu kiṃ sādṛśyam ? iti tad āha nahīti | hi yasmād asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpo 'tyakta-phala-saṅkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid api yogī na bhavati | api tu sarvo yogī tyakta-phala-saṅkalpa eva bhavatīti phala-tyāga-sāmyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-vitta-vṛtti-nirodha-sāmyāc ca gauṇyā vṛttyā karmy eva saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca bhavatīty arthaḥ | tathā hi - yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛtaya [YogaS 1.6] iti vṛttayaḥ pañca-vidhāḥ | tatra pratyakṣānumāna-śāstropamānārthāpatty-abhāvākhyāni pramāṇāni ṣaḍ iti vaidikāḥ | pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni [YogaS 1.7] trīṇīti yogāḥ | antarbhāva-bahir-bhāvābhyāṃ saṅkoca-vikāsau draṣṭavyau | ataeva tārkikādīnāṃ mata-bhedāḥ | viparyayo mithyā-jñānam tasya pañca bhedā avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśaḥ [YogaS 2.3] ta eva ca kleśāḥ | śabda-jñānānupātī vastu-śūnyo vikalpaḥ [YogaS 1.9] pramā-bhrama-vilakṣaṇo 'sad-artha-vyavahāraḥ śaśa-viṣāṇam asat-puruṣasya catanyam ity ādiḥ | abhāva-pratyayālambanā vṛttir nidrā [YogaS 1.10] na tu jñānādy-abhāva-mātram ity arthaḥ | anubhūta-viṣayāsaṃpramoṣaḥ smṛtiḥ [YogaS 1.11] pūrvānubhava-saṃskārajaṃ jñānam ity arthaḥ | sarva-vṛtti-janyatvād ante kathanam | lajjādi-vṛttīnām api āñcasv evāntarbhāvo draṣṭavyaḥ | etādṛśāṃ sarvāsāṃ citta-vṛttīnāṃ norodho yoga iti ca samādhir iti ca kathyate | phala-saṅkalpas tu rāgākhyas tṛtīyo viparyaya-bhedas tan-nirodha-mātram api gauṇyā vṛttyā yoga iti saṃnyāsa iti cocyata iti na virodhaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-phala-tyāga eva saṃnyāsa-śabdārthaḥ | vastutas tathā viṣayebhyaś citta-naiścalyam eva yoga-śabdārthaḥ | tasmāt saṃnyāsa-yoga-śabdayor aikyārtham evāgatam ity āha yam iti | asaṃnyasto na saṃnyastas tyaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalākāṅkṣā viṣaya-bhoga-spṛhā yena saḥ ||2||

baladevaḥ : nanu sarvendriya-vṛtti-virati-rūpāyāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ saṃnyāsa-śabdaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhe yoga-śabdaś ca paṭhyate | sa ca sarvendriya-vyāpārātmake karma-yoge sa saṃnyāsī ca yogī ceti bruvatā bhavatā kayā vṛttyā nīyata iti cet tatrāha yam iti | yaṃ karma-yogam artha-tātparya-jñāḥ saṃnyāsṃ prāhus tam eva taṃ yogam aṣṭāṅgaṃ viddhi | he pāṇḍava !

nanu siṃho mānavakaḥ ity ādau śauryādi-guṇa-sādṛśyena tathā prayogaḥ | prakṛteḥ kiṃ sādṛśyam iti cet tatrāha na hīti | asaṃnyasta-saṃkalpaḥ kaścana kaścid jñāna-yogy aṣṭāṅga-yogī ca na bhavaty api tu saṃnyasta-saṃkalpa eva bhavatīty arthaḥ | saṃnyastaḥ parityaktaḥ saṅkalpaḥ phalecchā ca yena saḥ | tathā phala-tyāga-sādṛśyāt tṛṣṇā-rūpa-citta-vṛtti-nirodha-sādṛśyāc ca karma-yoginas tad-ubhayatvena prayogo gauṇa-vṛttyeti ||2||

BhG 6.3

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi yāvaj-jīvaṃ karma-yoga eva prāpta ity āśaṅkya tasyāvadhim āha ārurukṣor iti | jñāna-yogam āroḍhuṃ prātum icchoḥ puṃsas tad-ārohe kāraṇaṃ karmocyate | citta-śuddhi-karatvāt | jñāna-yogam ārūḍhasya tu tasyaiva dhyāna-niṣṭhasya śamaḥ samādhiś citta-vikṣepaka-karmoparamo jñāna-paripāke kāraṇam ucyate ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : tat kiṃ praśastatvāt karma-yoga eva yāvaj-jīvam anuṣṭheya iti nety āha ārurukṣor iti | yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-rūpaṃ vairāgyam ārurukṣor āroḍhum icchor na tvārūḍhasya muner bhaviṣyataḥ karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-tyāginaḥ karma śāstra-vihitam agnihotrādi nityaṃ bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kṛtaṃ kāraṇaṃ yogārohaṇe sādhanam anuṣṭheyam ucyate veda-mukhena mayā | yogārūḍhasya yogam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-rūpaṃ vairāgyaṃ prāptavatas tu tasyaiva pūrvaṃ karmiṇo 'pi sataḥ śamaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa eva kāraṇam anuṣṭheyatayā jñāna-paripāka-sādhanam ucyate ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tarhy aṣṭāṅga-yogino yāvaj-jīvam eva niṣkāma-karma-yogaḥ prāpta ity āśaṅkya tasyāvadhim āha ārurukṣor iti | muner yogābhyāsino yogaṃ niścala-dhyāna-yogam āroḍhuṃ icchos tad-ārohe kāraṇaṃ karma cocyate citta-śuddhi-karatvāt | tatas tasya yogaṃ dhyāna-yogam ārūḍhasya dhyāna-niṣṭhā-prāptaḥ śamaḥ vikṣepaka-sarva-karmoparamaḥ kāraṇam | tad evaṃ samyak-citta-śuddhi-rahito yogārurukṣuḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : nanv evam aṣṭāṅga-yogino yāvaj jīvaṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ prāptam iti cet tatrāha ārurukṣor iti | muner yogābhyāsino yogaṃ dhyāna-niṣṭhām ārurukṣos tad-ārohe karma kāraṇaṃ hṛd-viśuddhi-kṛttvāt | tasyaiva yogārūḍhasya dhyāna-niṣṭhasya tad-dāḍhye śamo vikṣepaka-karmoparatiḥ kāraṇam ||3||

BhG 6.4

śrīdharaḥ : kīdṛśo 'yaṃ yogārūḍho yasya śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyata iti ? atrāha yadeti | indriyārtheṣv indriya-bhogyeṣu śabdādiśu tat-sādhaneṣu ca karmasu yadā nānuṣajjate āsaktiṃ na karoti | tatra hetuḥ āsakti-mūla-bhūtān sarvā bhoga-viṣayān karma-viṣayāṃś ca saṅkalpān saṃnyasituṃ tyaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | tadā yogārūḍha ucyate ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : kadā yogārūḍho bhavatīty ucyate yadeti | yadā yasmiṃś citta-samādhāna-kāla indriyārtheṣu śabdādiśu karmasu ca nitya-naimittika-kāmya-laukika-pratiṣiddheṣu nānuṣajjate teṣāṃ mithyātva-darśanenātmano 'kartr-abhoktṛ-paramānanadādvaya-svarūpa-darśanena ca prayojanābhāva-buddhyāham eteṣāṃ kartā mamaite bhogyā ity abhiniveśa-rūpam anuṣaṅgaṃ na karoti | hi yasmāt tasmāt sarva-saṅkalpa-saṃnyāsī sarveṣāṃ saṅkalpānām idaṃ mayā kartavyam etat phalaṃ bhoktavyam ity evaṃ rūpāṇāṃ mano-vṛtti-viśeṣāṇāṃ tad-viṣayāṇāṃ ca kāmānāṃ tat-sādhanānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ tyāga-śīlaḥ | tadā śabdādiṣu karmasu cānuṣaṅgasya tad-dhetoś ca saṅkalpasya yogārohaṇa-pratibandhakasyābhāvād yogaṃ samādhim ārūḍho yogārūḍha ity ucyate ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : samyak-śuddha-cittas tu yogārūḍhas taj-jñāpakaṃ lakṣaṇam āha yadeti | indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu karmasu tat-sādhaneṣu ||4||

baladevaḥ : yogārūḍhatva-jñāpakaṃ cihnam āha yadeti | indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu tat-sādhaneṣu karmasu ca yadātmānanda-rasikaḥ san na sajjate | tatra hetuḥ sarveti | sarvān bhoga-viṣayān karma-viṣayāś ca saṅkalpānāsattimūla-bhūtān saṃnyasituṃ parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||4||

BhG 6.5

śrīdharaḥ : ato viṣayāsakti-tyāge mokṣaṃ tad-āsaktau ca bandhaṃ paryālocya rāgādi-svabhāvaṃ tyajed ity āha uddhared iti | ātmanā viveka-yuktenātmānaṃ saṃsārād uddharet | na tv avasādayed adho na nayet | hi yata ātmaiva manaḥ-saṅgādy-uparata ātmanaḥ svasya bandhur upakārakaḥ | ripur apakārakaś ca ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : yo yadaivaṃ yogārūḍho bhavati tadā tenātmanaivātmoddhṛto bhavati saṃsārānartha-vrātāt | ata uddhared iti | ātmanā viveka-yuktena manasātmānaṃ svaṃ jīvaṃ saṃsāra-samudre nimagnaṃ tata uddharet | ut ūrdhvaṃ haret | viṣayāsaṅga-parityāgena yogārūḍhatām āpādayed ity arthaḥ | na tu viṣayāsaṅgenātmānam avasādayet saṃsāra-samudre majjayet | hi yasmād ātmaivātmano bandhur hitakārī saṃsāra-bandhanān mocana-hetur nānyaḥ kaścil laukikasya bandhor api snehānubandhena bandha-hetutvāt | ātmaiva nānyaḥ | kaścit ripuḥ śatru-rahita-kāri-viṣaya-bandhanāgāra-praveśāt kośakāra ivātmanaḥ svasya | bāhyasyāpi ripor

viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād indriyārthāsaktyaivātmā saṃsāra-kūpe patitas taṃ yatnenoddhared iti | ātmanā viṣayāsakti-rahitena manasātmānaṃ jīvam uddharet | viṣayāsakti-sahitena manasā tv ātmānaṃ nāvasādayet na saṃsāra-kūpe pātayet | tasmād ātmā mana eva bandhur mana eva ripuḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : indriyārthādy-anāsaktau hetu-bhāvenāha uddhared iti | viṣayādy-āsakta-manaskatayā saṃsāra-kūpe nimagnam ātmānaṃ jīvam ātmanā viṣayāsakti-rahitena manasā tasmād uddhared ūrdhvaṃ haret | viṣayāsaktena manasātmānaṃ nāvasādayet tatra na nimajjayet | hi niścaye naivam ātmaiva mana evātmanaḥ svasya bandhus tad eva ripuḥ | smṛtiś ca -

mana eva manuṣyāṇāṃ kāraṇaṃ bandha-mokṣayoḥ | bandhāya viṣayāsaṅgo muktyai nirviṣayaṃ manaḥ || iti ||5||

BhG 6.6

śrīdharaḥ : katham-bhūtasyātmaiva bandhuḥ ? katham-bhūtasya cātmaiva ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanaivātmā kārya-kāraṇa-saṅghāta-rūpo jito vaśīkṛtasya tathābhūtasyātmana ātmaiva bandhuḥ | anātmano 'jitātmanas tv ātmaivātmanaḥ śatrutve śatruvad apakāra-kāritve varteta ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ kiṃ-lakṣaṇa ātmātmano bandhuḥ kiṃ-lakṣaṇo vātmano ripur ity ucyate bandhur iti | ātmā kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāto yena jitaḥ sva-vaśīkṛta ātmanaiva viveka-yuktena manasaiva na tu śastrādinā | tasyātmā svarūpam ātmano bandhur ucchṛṅkhala-sva-pravṛtty-abhāvena sva-hita-karaṇāt | anātmanas tv ajitātmana ity etat | śatrutve śatru-bhāve vartetātmaiva śatruvat | bāhya-śatrur ivocchṛṅkhala-pravṛttyā svasya svenāniṣṭācaraṇāt ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : kasya sa bandhuḥ ? kasya sa ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanā jīvenātmā mano jitas tasya jīvasya sa ātmā mano bandhuḥ | anātmano 'jita-manasas tv ātmaiva mana eva śatruvat śatrutve 'pakārakatve varteta ||6||

baladevaḥ : kīdṛśasya sa bandhuḥ ? kīdṛśasya sa ripur ity apekṣāyām āha bandhur iti | yenātmanā jīvenātmā mana eva jitas tasya jīvasya sa ātmā mano bandhus tad-upakārī | anātmano 'jita-manasas tu jīvasyātmaiva mana eva śatruvat śatrutve 'pakārakatve varteta ||6||

BhG 6.7

śrīdharaḥ : jitātmanaḥ svasmin bandhutvaṃ sphuṭayati jitātmana iti | jita ātmā yena tasya praśāntasya rāgādi-rahitasyaiva | paraṃ kevalam ātmā śītoṣṇādiṣu satsv api samāhitaḥ svātma-niṣṭho bhavati nānyasya | yad vā tasya hṛdi paramātmā samāhitaḥ sthito bhavati ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : jitātmanaḥ sva-bandhutvaṃ vivṛṇoti jitātmana iti | śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkheṣu citta-vikṣepa-kareṣu satsv api tathā mānāpamānayoḥ pūjā-paribhavayoś citta-vikṣepa-hetvoḥ sator iti teṣu samatveneti vā | jitātmanaḥ prāg-uktasya jitendriyasya praśāntasya sarvatra sama-buddhayā rāga-dveṣa-śūnyasya paramātmā sva-prakāśa-jñāna-svabhāva ātmā samāhitaḥ samādhi-viṣayo yogārūḍho bhavati | param iti vā cchedaḥ | jitātmanaḥ praśāntasyaiva paraṃ kevalam ātmā samāhito bhavati nānyasya | tasmāj jitātmā praśāntaś ca bhaved ity arthaḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha yogārūḍhasya cihnāni darśayati tribhiḥ | jitātmano jita-manasaḥ praśāntasya rāgādi-rahitasya yoginaḥ param atiśayena samāhitaḥ samādhi-stha ātmā bhavet | śītādiṣu satsv api mānāpamānayoḥ prāptayor api ||7||

baladevaḥ : yogārambha-yogyām avasthām āha jiteti tribhiḥ | śītoṣṇādiṣu mānāpamānayoś ca jitātmano 'vikṛta-manasaḥ praśāntasya rāgādi-śūnyasyātmā param atyarthaṃ samāhitaḥ samādhistho bhavati ||7||

BhG 6.8

śrīdharaḥ : yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇaṃ śraiṣṭhyaṃ coktam upapādya upasaṃharati jñāneti | jñānam aupadeśikaṃ vijñānam aparokṣānubhavaḥ tābhyāṃ tṛpto nirākāṅkṣa ātmā cittaṃ yasya | ataḥ kūṭastho nirvikāraḥ | ataeva vijitānīndriyāṇi yena | ataeva samāni loṣṭādīni yasya | mṛt-piṇḍa-pāṣāṇa-suvarṇeṣu heyopādeya-buddhi-śūnyaḥ | sa yukto yogārūḍha ity ucyate ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca jñāneti | jñānaṃ śāstroktānāṃ padārthānām aupadeśikaṃ jñānaṃ vijñānaṃ tad-aprāmāṇya-śaṅkā-nirākaraṇa-phalena vicāreṇa tathaiva teṣāṃ svānubhavenāparokṣīkaraṇaṃ tābhyāḥ tṛptaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyaya ātmā cittaṃ yasya sa tathā | kūṭāstho viṣaya-saṃnidhāv api vikāra-śūnyaḥ | ataeva vijitāni rāga-dveṣa-pūrvakād viṣaya-grahaṇādvayāvartitānīndriyāṇi yena saḥ | ataeva heyopādeya-buddhi-śūnyatvena samāni mṛt-piṇḍa-pāṣāṇa-kāñcanāni yasya saḥ | yogī paramahaṃsa-parivrājakaḥ para-vairāgya-yukto yogārūḍha ity

viśvanāthaḥ : jñānam aupadeśikaṃ vijñānam aparokṣānubhavas tābhyāṃ tṛpto nirākāṅkṣa ātmā cittaṃ yasya saḥ | kūṭastha ekenaiva svabhāvena sarva-kālaṃ vyāpya sthitaḥ sarva-vastuṣv anāsaktatvāt | samāni loṣṭādīni yasya saḥ | loṣṭaṃ mṛt-piṇḍaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : jñāneti | jñānam śāstrajaṃ vijñānam viviktātmānubhavas tābhyāṃ tṛptātmā pūrṇa-manāḥ | kūṭastha eka-svabhāvatayā sarva-kālaṃ sthitaḥ | ato vijitendriyaḥ prakṛti-viviktātma-mātra-niṣṭhatvāt | prākṛteṣu loṣṭrādiṣu | loṣṭaṃ mṛt-piṇḍaḥ | īdṛśo yogī niṣkāma-karmī yukta ātma-darśana-rūpa-yogābhyāsa-yogya ucyate ||8||

BhG 6.9

śrīdharaḥ : suhṛn-mitrādiṣu sama-buddhi-yuktas tu tato 'pi śreṣṭha ity āha suhṛd iti | suhṛt svabhāvenaiva hitāśaṃsī | mitraṃ sneha-vaśenopakārakaḥ | arir ghātakaḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor apy upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor ubhayor api hitāśaṃsī | dveṣyo dveṣa-viṣayaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhī | sādhavaḥ sad-ācārāḥ | pāpā durācārāḥ | eteṣu samā rāga-dveṣādi-śūnyā buddhir yasya sa tu viśiṣṭaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : suhṛn-mitrādiṣu sama-buddhis tu sarva-yogi-śreṣṭha ity āha suhṛd iti | suhṛt pratyupakāram anapekṣya pūrva-snehaṃ sambandhaṃ ca vinaivopakartā | mitraṃ snehenopakārakaḥ | ariḥ svakṛtāpakāram anapekṣya svabhāva-krauryeṇāpakartā | udāsīno vivadamānayor ubhayor apy upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor ubhayor api hitaiṣī | dveṣyaḥ sva-kṛtāpakāram apekṣyāpakartā | bandhuḥ saṃbandhenopakartā | eteṣu sādhuṣu śāstra-vihita-kāriṣu pāpeṣu śāstra-pratiṣiddha-kāriṣv api | ca-kārād anyeṣu ca sarveṣu sama-buddhiḥ kaḥ kīdṛk-karmety avyāpṛta-buddhiḥ sarvatra rāga-dveṣa-śūnyao viśiṣyate sarvatra utkṛṣṭo bhavati | vimucyate iti vā pāṭhaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : suhṛt svabhāvenaiva hitāśaṃsī | mitraṃ kenāpi snehena hita-kārī | arir ghātakaḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor upekṣakaḥ | madhya-stho vivadamānayor vivādāpahārārthī | dveṣyo 'pakārakatvāt dveṣārhaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhī | sādhavo dhārmikāḥ | pāpā adhārmikāḥ | eteṣu sama-buddhis tu viśiṣyate | sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāt sakāśād api śreṣṭhaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ : suhṛd iti | yaḥ suhṛd-ādiṣu sama-buddhiḥ, sa sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanād api yoginaḥ sakāśād viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | tatra suhṛt svabhāvena hitecchuḥ | mitraṃ kenāpi snehena hita-kṛt | arir nirmitrato 'narthecchuḥ | udāsīno vivadamānayor anapekṣakaḥ | madhya-sthas tayor vivādāpahārārthī | dveṣo 'pakārikatvāt dveṣārhaḥ | bandhuḥ saṃbandhena hitecchuḥ | sādhavo dhārmikāḥ | pāpā adhārmikāḥ ||9||

BhG 6.10

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇam uktvedānīṃ tasya sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādinā sa yogī paramo mata ity antena granthena yogīti | yogī yogārūḍhaḥ | ātmānaṃ manaḥ | yuñjīta samāhitaṃ kuryāt | satataṃ nirantaram | rahasy ekānte sthitaḥ san | ekākī saṅga-śūnyaḥ | yataṃ saṃyataṃ cittam ātmā dehaś ca yasya | nirāśīr nirākāṅkṣaḥ | aparigrahaḥ parigraha-śūnyaś ca ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogārūḍhasya lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ coktvā tasya sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādibhiḥ sa yogī paramo mata ity antais trayoviṃśatyā ślokaiḥ | tatraivam uttama-phala-prāptaye yogīti | yogī yogārūḍha ātmānaṃ cittaṃ satataṃ nirantaraṃ yuñjīta kṣiptam ūḍha-vikṣipta-bhūmi-parityāgenaikāgra-nirodha-bhūmibhyāṃ samāhitaṃ kuryāt | rahasi giri-guhādau yoga-pratibandhaka-durjanādi-varjite deśe sthita ekākī tyakta-sarva-gṛha-parijanaḥ saṃnyāsī | cittam antaḥ-karaṇam ātmā dehaś ca saṃyatau yoga-pratibandhaka-vyāpāra-śūnyau yasya sa yata-cittātmā | yato nirāśīr vairāgya-dārḍhyena vigata-tṛṣṇaḥ | ataeva cāparigrahaḥ śāstrābhyanujñātenāpi yoga-pratibandhakena parigraheṇa śūnyaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha sāṅgaṃ yogaṃ vidhatte yogīty ādinā sa yogī paramo mata ity atas tena | yogī yogārūḍha ātmānaṃ mano yuñjīta samādhi-yuktaṃ kuryāt ||10||

baladevaḥ : atha tasya sāṅgaṃ yogam upadiśati yogīty ādi trayoviṃśatyā | yogī niṣkāma-karmī | ātmānaṃ manaḥ satatam aharahar yuñjīta samādhi-yuktaṃ kuryāt | rahasi nirjane niḥśabde deśe sthitaḥ | tatrāpy ekākī dvitīya-śūnyas tatrāpi yata-cittātmā yatau yoga-pratikūla-vyāpāra-varjitau citta-dehau yasya saḥ | yato nirāśīr dṛḍha-vairāgyatayetaratra nispṛhaḥ | aparigraho nirāhāraḥ ||10||

BhG 6.11-12

śrīdharaḥ : āsana-niyamaṃ darśayann āha śucāv iti dvābhyām | śuddhe sthāne ātmanaḥ svasya āsanaṃ sthāpayitvā | kīdṛśam ? sthiram acalam | nātyucchritaṃ nātīvonnatam | na cātinīcam | celaṃ vastram | ajinaṃ vyāghrādi-carma | celājine kuśebhya uttare yasya | kuśānām upari carma tad upari vastram āstīryetety arthaḥ ||11||

tatreti | tatra tasminn āsana upaviśyaikāgraṃ vikṣepa-rahitaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā yogaṃ yuñjyād abhyaset | yatāḥ saṃyatāś cittasyendriyāṇāṃ ca kriyā yasya saḥ | ātmano manaso viśuddhaya upaśāntaye ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatrāsana-niyamaṃ darśayann āha śucau deśa iti dvābhyām | śucau svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā śuddhe jana-samudāya-rahite nirbhaye gaṅgā-taṭa-guhādau deśe sthāne pratiṣṭhāpya sthiram niścalam nātyucchritaṃ nātyuccaṃ nāpy atinīcam cailājina-kuśottaraṃ cailaṃ mṛdu-vastram ajinaṃ mṛdu-vyāghrādi-carma te kuśebhya uttare uparitane yasmiṃs tat | āsyate 'sminn ity āsanaṃ kuśamaya-vṛṣy-upari mṛdu-carma tad-upari mṛdu-vastra-rūpam ity arthaḥ | tathā cāha bhagavān patañjaliḥ sthira-sukham āsanam iti | ātmana iti parāsana-vyāvṛtty-arthaṃ tasyāpi parecchā-niyamābhāvena yoga-vikṣepa-paratvāt ||11||

evam āsanaṃ pratiṣṭhāpya kim kuryād iti tatrāha tatraikāgram iti | tatra tasminn āsana upaviśyaiva na tu śayānas tiṣṭhan vā | āsīnaḥ sambhavāt iti nyāyena | yatāḥ saṃyatā uparatāś cittasyendriyāṇāṃ ca kriyā vṛttayo yena sa yata-cittendriya-kriyaḥ san yogaṃ samādhiṃ yuñjītābhyaset | kim-artham ? ātma-viśuddhaya ātmano 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya sarva-vikṣepa-śūnyatvenātisūkṣmatayā brahma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatāyai | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śruteḥ |

kiṃ kṛtvā yogam abhyased iti tatrāha ekāgraṃ rājasatāmasa-vyutthānākhya-prāg-ukta-bhūmi-traya-parityāgenaika-viṣayaka-dhārāvāhikāneka-vṛtti-yuktam udrikta-sattvaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā dṛḍha-bhūmikena prayatnena sampādyaikāgratā-vivṛddhy-arthaṃ yogaṃ samprajñāta-samādhim abhyaset | sa ca brahmākāra-mano-vṛtti-pravāha eva nididhyāsanākhyaḥ | tad uktam -

brahmākāra-mano-vṛtti-pravāho 'haṅkṛtiṃ vinā | saṃprajñāta-samādhiḥ syād dhyānābhyāsa-prakarṣataḥ || iti |

etad evābhipretya dhyānābhyāsa-prakarṣaṃ vidadhe bhagavān - yogī yuñjīta satataṃ [Gītā 6.10] yuñjyād yogam ātma-viśuddhaye [Gītā 6.12] | yukta āsīta mat-para [Gītā 6.14]ity ādi bahu-kṛtvaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : pratiṣṭhāpya stthāpayitvā | celājina-kuśottaram iti kuśāsanopari mṛga-carmāsanam | tad upari vastrāsanaṃ nidhāyety arthaḥ | ātmano 'ntaḥ-karaṇasya viśuddhatve vikṣepa-śūnyatvenātisūkṣmatayā brahma-sākṣātkāra-yogyatāyai dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śruteḥ ||11-12||

baladevaḥ : āsanam āha śucāv iti dvābhyām | śucau svataḥ saṃskārataś ca śuddhe gaṅgā-taṭa-giri-guhādau deśe sthiraṃ niścalam | nātyucchritaṃ nātyuccam | nātinīcam dārvādi-nirmitam āsanaṃ pratiṣṭhāpya saṃsthāpya | cailājine kuśebhya uttare yatra tat | cailaṃ mṛdu-vastram | ajinaṃ mṛdu-mṛgādi-carma | kuśopari vastram āstīryetety arthaḥ | ātmana iti parāsanasya vyāvṛttaye parecchāyau aniyatatvena tasya yoga-pratikūlatvāt | tatreti tasmin pratiṣṭhāpite āsane upaviśya, na tu tiṣṭhan śayāno vety arthaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ -- āsīnaḥ sambhavāt [Vs 4.1.7] iti | yatā niruddhāś cittādi-kriyā yasya saḥ mana ekāgram avyākulaṃ kṛtvā yogaṃ yuñjīta samādhim abhyaset | ātmano 'ntaḥkaraṇasya viśuddhaye atinairmalyena saukṣmyeṇātma-darśana-yogyatāyai dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ [KaṭhU 1.3.12] iti śravaṇāt ||11-12||

BhG 6.13-14

śrīdharaḥ : cittaikāgryāpayoginīṃ dehādhikāriṇāṃ darśayann āha samam iti dvābhyām | kāya iti dehasya madhya-bhāgo vivakṣitaḥ | kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvam | mūlādhārād ārabhya mūrdhāgra-paryantaṃ samam avakram | acalaṃ niścalam | dhārayan | sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvety arthaḥ | svīyaṃ nāsikāgraṃ samprekṣya ity ardha-nimīlita-netra ity arthaḥ | itas tato diśaś cānavalokayan āsīta ity uttareṇānvayaḥ ||13||

praśānteti | praśānta ātmā cittaṃ yasya | vigatā bhīr bhayaṃ yasya | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarye sthitaḥ san | manaḥ saṃyamya pratyāhṛtya | mayy eva cittaṃ yasya | aham eva paraṃ puruṣārtho yasya sa mat-paraḥ | evaṃ yukto bhūtvāsīta tiṣṭhet ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad-arthaṃ bāhyam āsanam uktvādhunā tatra kathaṃ śarīra-dhāraṇam ity ucyate samam iti | kāyaḥ śarīra-madhyaṃ sa ca śiraś ca grīvā ca kāya-śiro-grīvaṃ mūlādhārād ārabhya mūrdhānta-paryantaṃ samam avakram acalam akampaṃ dhārayann eka-tattvābhyāsena vikṣepa-saha-bhāvya-aṅgam ekayattvābhāvaṃ sampādayan sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvā | kiṃ ca svaṃ svīyaṃ nāsikāgraṃ saṃprekṣyaiva laya-vikṣepa-rāhityāya viṣaya-pravṛtti-rahito 'nimīlita-netra ity arthaḥ | diśaś cānavalokayann antarāntarā diśāṃ cāvalokanam akurvan yoga-pratibandhakatvāt tasya | evambhūtaḥ sann āsīnety uttareṇa

kiṃ ca praśāntātmeti | nidāna-nivṛtti-rūpeṇa prakarṣeṇa śānto rāgādi-doṣa-rahita ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa praśāntātmā śāstrīya-niścaya-dārḍhyād vigatā bhīḥ | sarva-karma-parityāgena yuktavāyuktatva-śaṅkā yasya sa vigata-bhīḥ | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarya-guru-śuśrūṣā-bhikṣānna-bhojanādau sthitaḥ san | manaḥ saṃyamya viṣayākāra-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ kṛtvā | mayi parameśvare pratyak-citi sa-guṇe nirguṇe vā cittaṃ yasya sa mac-citto mad-viṣayaka-dhārāvāhika-citta-vṛttimān | putrādau priye cintanīye sati katham evaṃ syād ata āha mat-paraḥ | aham eva paramānanda-rūpatvāt paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ priyo yasya sa tathā | tad etat preyaḥ putrāt preyo vittāt preyo 'nyasmāt sarvasmād antarataraṃ yad ayam ātmā [BAU 1.4.8] iti śruteḥ | evaṃ viṣayākāra-sarva-vṛtti-nirodhena bhagavad-ekākāra-citta-vṛtti-yuktaḥ samprajñāta-samādhimān āsītopaviśed yathā-śakti, na tu svecchayā vyuttiṣṭhed ity arthaḥ |

bhavati kaścid rāgī strī-citto na tu striyam eva paratvenārādhyatvena gṛhṇāti | kiṃ tarhi ? rājānaṃ vā devaṃ vā | ayaṃ tu mac-citto mat-paraś ca sarvārādhyatvena mām eva manyata iti bhāṣya-kṛtāṃ vyākhyā |

viśvanāthaḥ : kāyo deha-madhya-bhāgaḥ samam avakram acalaṃ niścalaṃ dhārayan kurvan manaḥ saṃyamya pratyāhṛtya mac-citto māṃ caturbhujaṃ sundarākāraṃ cintayan | mat-paro mad-bhakti-parāyaṇaḥ ||13-14||

baladevaḥ : āsane tasminn upaviṣṭasya śarīra-dhāraṇa-vidhim āha samam iti | kāyo deha-madhya-bhāgaḥ | kāyaś ca śiraś ca grīvā ca teṣāṃ samāhāraḥ prāṇy-aṅgatvāt | samam avakram | acalam akampam dhārayan kurvan | sthiro dṛḍha-prayatno bhūtvā sva-nāsikāgraṃ samprekṣya sampaśyan mano-laya-vikṣepa-nivṛttaye bhrū-madhya-dṛṣṭiḥ sann ity arthaḥ | antarāntarā diśaś cānavalokayan | evambhūtaḥ sann āsītety uttareṇa sambandhaḥ | praśāntātmā akṣubdha-manāḥ | vigatā bhīr nirbhayaḥ | brahmacāri-vrate brahmacarye sthitaḥ | manaḥ saṃyamya viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya | mac-cittaś caturbhujaṃ sundarāṅgaṃ māṃ cintayan | mat-paro mad-eka-puruṣārthaḥ | yukto yogī ||13-14||

BhG 6.15

śrīdharaḥ : yogābhyāsa-phalam āha yuñjann evam iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa sadātmānaṃ mano yuñjan samāhitaṃ kurvan | niyataṃ niruddhaṃ mānasaṃ cittaṃ yasya saḥ | śāntiṃ saṃsāroparamaṃ prāpnoti | kathambhūtam ? nirvāṇaṃ paramaṃ prāpyaṃ yasyāṃ tām | mat-saṃsthāṃ mad-rūpeṇāvasthitām ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ saṃprajñāta-samādhināsīnasya kiṃ syād ity ucyate yuñjann iti | evaṃ raho 'vasthānādi-pūrvokta-niyamenātmānaṃ mano yuñjann abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ samāhitaṃ kurvan yogī sadā yogābhyāsa-paro 'bhāysātiśayena niyataṃ niruddhaṃ mānasaṃ mano yena niyatā niruddhā mānasā mano-vṛtti-rūpā vikārā yeneti vā niyata-mānasaḥ san, śāntiṃ sarva-vṛtty-uparati-rūpāṃ praśāntavāhitāṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ tattva-sākṣātkārotpatti-dvāreṇa sakāryāvidyān-nivṛtti-rūpa-mukti-paryavasāyinīṃ mat-saṃsthāṃ mat-svarūpa-paramānanda-rūpāṃ niṣṭhām adhigacchati, na tu sāṃsārikāṇy aiśvaryāṇi anātma-viṣaya-samādhi-phalāny adhigacchati, teṣām apavargopayogi-samādhy-upasargatvāt |

tathā ca tat-tat-samādhi-phalāny uktvāha bhagavān patañjaliḥ -- te samādhāv upasargā vyutthāne siddhayaḥ [YogaS 3.37] iti, sthāny-upanimantraṇe saṅga-smayākaraṇaṃ punaḥ aniṣṭa-prasaṅgāt [YogaS 3.51] iti ca | sthānino devāḥ | tathā coddālako devair āmantrito 'pi tatra saṅgam ādaraṃ smayaṃ garvaṃ cākṛtvā devān avajñāya punar aniṣṭa-prasaṅga-nivāraṇāya nirvikalpakam eva samādhim akarod iti vasiṣṭhenopākhyāyate |

mumukṣubhir heyaś ca samādhiḥ sūtritaḥ patañjalinā -- vitarka-vicārānandāsmitā-rūpānugamāt saṃprajñātaḥ [YogaS 1.17] | samyak saṃśaya-viparyayānadhyavasāya-rahitatvena prajñāyate prakarṣeṇa viśeṣa-rūpeṇa jñāyate bhāvyasya rūpaṃ yena sa samprajñātaḥ samādhir bhāvanā-viśeṣaḥ | bhāvanā hi bhāvyasya viṣayāntara-parihāreṇa cetasi punaḥ punar niveśanam | bhāvyaṃ ca trividhaṃ grāhya-grahaṇa-grahītṛ-bhedāt | grāhyam api dvividhaṃ sthūla-sūkṣma-bhedāt | tad uktaṃ -- kṣīṇa-vṛtter abhijātasyeva maṇer grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣu tat-stha-tad-añjanatā-samāpattiḥ [YogaS 1.41] | kṣīṇā rājasa-tāmasa-vṛttayo yasya tasya cittasya grahītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣv ātmendriya-viṣayeṣu tat-sthatā tatraivaikāgratā | tad-añjanatā tan-mayatā nyag-bhūte citte bhāvyamānasya evotkarṣaṃ iti yāvat | tathā-vidhā-samāpattis tad-rūpaḥ pariṇāmo bhavati | yathābhijātasya nirmalasya sphaṭika-maṇes tat-tad-upāśraya-vaśāt tat-tad-rūpāpattir evaṃ nirmalasya cittasya tat-tad-bhāvanīya-vastūparāgāt tat-tad-rūpāpattiḥ samāpattiḥ samādhir iti ca paryāyaḥ | yadyapi garhītṛ-grahaṇa-grāhyeṣv ity uktaṃ tathāpi bhūmikā-krama-vaśād grāhya-grahaṇa-grahītṛṣv iti boddhavyam | yataḥ prathamaṃ grāhya-niṣṭha eva samādhir bhavati tato grahaṇa-niṣṭhas tato grahītṛ-niṣṭha iti | grahītrādi-kramo 'py agre vyākhyāsyate |

tatra yadā sthūlaṃ mahā-bhūtendriyātmaka-ṣoḍaśa-vikāra-rūpaṃ viṣayam ādāya pūrvāparānusandhānena śabdārthollekhena ca bhāvanā kriyate tadā sa-vitarkaḥ samādhiḥ | asminn evālambate pūrvāparānusandhāna-śabdārthollekha-śūnyatvena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā nirvitarkaḥ | etāv ubhāv apy atra vitarka-śabdenoktau | tan-mātrāntaḥ-karaṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ sūkṣmaṃ viṣayam ālambya tasya | deśa-kāla-dharmāvacchedena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā sa-vicāraḥ | asminn evālambane deśa-kāla-dharmāvacchedaṃ vinā dharmi-mātrāvabhāsitvena yadā bhāvanā pravartate tadā nirvicāraḥ | etāv uabhāv apy atra vicāra-śabdenoktau | tathā ca bhāṣyaṃ vitarkaś cittasya sthūla ālambana ābhogaḥ sūkṣme vicāra iti | iyaṃ grāhya-samāpattir iti vyapadiśyate | yadā rajas-tamo-leśānubiddham antaḥ-karaṇa-sattvaṃ bhāvyate tadā guṇa-bhāvāc cic-chakteḥ sukha-prakāśamayasya sattvasya bhāvayamānasyodrekātmānanadaḥ samādhir bhavati | asminn eva samādhau ye baddha-dhṛtayas tattvāntaraṃ pradhāna-puruṣa-rūpaṃ na paśyanti te vigata-dehāhaṅkāratvād videha-śabdenocyate | iyaṃ grahaṇa-sampattiḥ | tataḥ paraṃ rajas-tamo-leśānabhibhūtaṃ śuddhaṃ sattvam ālambanīkṛtya yā bhāvanā pravartate tasyāṃ grāhyasya sattvasya nyag-bhāvāc citi-śakter udrekāt sattā-mātrāvaśeṣatvena samādhiḥ sāsmita ity ucyate | na cāhaṅkārāsmitayor abhedaḥ śaṅkanīyaḥ | yato yatrāntaḥkaraṇam ahim ity ullekhena viṣayān vedayate so 'haṅkāraḥ | yatra tv antarmukhatayā pratiloma-pariṇāmena prakṛti-līne cetasi sattā-mātram avabhāti so 'smitā | asminn eva samādhau ye kṛta-paritoṣās te paraṃ puruṣam apaśyantaś cetasaḥ prakṛtau līnatvāt prakṛti-layā ity ucyante | seyaṃ grahītṛ-samāpattir asmitā-mātra-rūpa-grahītṛ-niṣṭhatvāt | ye tu paraṃ puruṣaṃ vivicya bhāvanāyāṃ pravartante teṣām api kevala-puruṣa-viṣayā viveka-khyātir grahītṛ-samāpattir api na sāsmitaḥ samādhir vivekenāsmitāyās tyāgāt |

tatra grahītṛ-bhāna-pūrvakam eva grahaṇa-bhānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ ca sūkṣma-grāhya-bhānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ ca sthūla-grāhya-bhānam iti sthūla-viṣayo dvi-vidho 'pi vitarkaś catuṣṭayānugataḥ | dvitīyo vitarka-vikalas tritayānugataḥ | tṛtīyo vitarka-vicārābhyāṃ vikalo dvitayānugataḥ | caturtho vitarka-vicārānandair vikalo 'smitā-mātra iti caturavastho 'yaṃ samprajñāta iti | evaṃ sa-vitarkaḥ sa-vicāraḥ sānandaḥ sāsmitaś ca samādhir antardhānādi-siddhi-hetutayā mukti-hetu-samādhi-virodhitvād dheya eva mumukṣubhiḥ | grahītṛ-grahaṇayor api citta-vṛtti-viṣayatā-daśāyāṃ grāhya-koṭau nikṣepād dheyopādeya-vibhāga-kathanāya grāhya-samāpattir eva vivṛtā sūtra-kāreṇa | catur-vidhā hi grāhya-samāpattiḥ sthūla-grāhya-gocarā dvividhā sa-vitarkā nirvitarkā ca | sūkṣma-grāhya-gocarāpi dvivdihā sa-vicārā nirvikārā ca | tatra śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpaiḥ saṃkīrṇā savitarkā samāpattiḥ [YogaS 1.42] śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-sambhinnā sthūlārthāvabhāsa-rūpā savitarkā samāpattiḥ sthūla-gocarā savikalpaka-vṛttir ity arthaḥ |

smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnyevārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā [YogaS 1.43] tasminn eva sthūla ālambane śabdārtha-smṛti-pravilaye pratyudita-spaṣṭa-grāhyākāra-pratibhāsitayā nyag-bhūta-jñānāṃśatvena svarūpa-śūnyeva nirvitarkā samāpattiḥ sthūla-gocarā nirvikalpaka-vṛttir ity arthaḥ | etayaiva savicārā nirvicārā ca sūkṣma-viṣayā vyākhyātā [YogaS 1.44] sūkṣmas tan-mātrādir viṣayo yasyāḥ sā sūkṣma-viṣayā samāpattir dvividhā sa-vicārā nirvicārā ca savikalpaka-nirvikalpaka-bhedena | etayaiva savitarkayā nirvitarkayā ca sthūla-viṣayayā samāpattyā vyākhyātā | śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-sahitatvena deśa-kāla-dharmādy-avacchinnaḥ sūkṣmo 'rthaḥ pratibhāti yasyāṃ sā sa-vicārā | sa-vicāra-nirvicārayoḥ sūkṣma-viṣayatva-viśeṣaṇāt savitarka-nirvitarkayoḥ sthūla-viṣayatvam arthād vyākhyātam | sūkṣma-viṣayatvaṃ cāliṅga-paryavasānam [YogaS 1.45] sa-vicārāyā nirvicārāyāś ca samāpatter yat sūkṣma-viṣayatvam uktaṃ tad-aliṅga-paryantaṃ draṣṭavyam | tena sānanda-sāsmitayor grahitṛ-grahaṇa-samāpattyor api grāhya-samāpattāv evāntar-bhāva ity arthaḥ | tathā hi - pārthivasyāṇor gandha-tanmātraṃ sūkṣmo viṣayaḥ | āpasyāpi rasa-tanmātraṃ, taijasasya rūpa-tanmātram, vāyavīyasya sparśa-tanmātraṃ, nabhasaḥ śabda-tanmātraṃ, teṣām ahaṅkāras tasya liṅga-mātraṃ mahat-tattvaṃ tasyāpy aliṅgaṃ pradhānaṃ sūkṣmo viṣayaḥ | saptānām api prakṛtīnāṃ pradhāna eva sūkṣmatā-viśrāntes tat-paryantam eva sūkṣma-viṣayatvam uktam | yadyapi pradhānād api puruṣaḥ sūkṣmo 'sti tathāpy anvayi-kāraṇatvābhāvāt tasya sarvānvayi-kāraṇe pradhāna eva niratiśayaṃ saukṣmyaṃ vyākhyātam | puruṣas tu nimitta-kāraṇaṃ sad api nānanvayi-kāraṇatvena sūkṣmatām arhati | anvayi-kāraṇatva-vivakṣāyāṃ tu puruṣo 'pi sūkṣmo bhavaty eveti draṣṭavyam | tā eva sa-bījaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 1.46] tāś catasraḥ samāpattayo grāhyeṇa bījena saha vartanta iti sa-bījaḥ samādhir vitarka-vicārānandāsmitānugamāt samprajñāta iti prāg uktaḥ | sthūle 'rthe sa-vitarko nirvitarkaḥ | sūkṣme 'rthe sa-vicāro nirvicāra iti |

tatrāntimasya phalam ucyate -- nirvicāra-vaiśāradye 'dhyātma-prasādaḥ [YogaS 1.47] sthūla-viṣayatve tulye 'pi sa-vitarkaṃ śabdārtha-jñāna-vikalpa-saṅkīrṇam apekṣya tad-rahitasya nirvikalpaka-rūpasya nirvitarkasya prādhānyam | tataḥ sūkṣma-viṣayasya sa-vikalpaka-pratibhāsa-rūpasya sa-vicārasya | tato 'pi sūkṣma-viṣayasya nirvikalpaka-pratibhāsa-rūpasya nirvicārasya prādhānyam | tatra pūrveṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ nirvicārārthatvān nirvicāra-phalenaiva phalavattvam | nirvicārasya tu prakṛṣṭābhyāsa-balād vaiśāradye rajas-tamo-nabhibhūta-sattvodreke saty adhyātma-prasādaḥ kleśa-vāsanā-rahitasya cittasya bhūtārtha-viṣayaḥ kramānanurodhī sphuṭaḥ prajñālokaḥ prādurbhavati | tathā ca bhāṣyam -

prajñā-prasādam āruhya aśocyaḥ śocato janān | bhūmiṣṭhān iva śailasthaḥ sarvān prājño 'nupaśyati || iti |

ṛtaṃbharā tatra prajñā [YogaS 1.48] tatra tasmin prajñā-prasāde sati samāhita-cittasya yogino yā prajñā jāyate sā ṛtam-bharā | ṛtaṃ satyam eva bibharti na tatra viparyāsa-gandho 'py astīti yogikyeveyaṃ samākhyā | sā cottamo yogaḥ | tathā ca bhāṣyam -

āgamenānumānena dhyānābhyāsa-rasena ca | tridhā prakalpayan prajñāṃ labhate yogam uttamam || iti |

sā tu śrutānumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt [YogaS 1.49] | śrutam āgama-vijñānānaṃ tat-sāmānya-viṣayam eva | na hi viśeṣeṇa saha kasyacic chabdasya saṅgatir grahītuṃ śakyate | tathānumānaṃ sāmānya-viṣayam eva | na hi viśeṣeṇa saha kasyacid vyāptir grahītuṃ śakyate | tasmāc chrutānumāna-viṣayo na viśeṣaḥ kaścid asti | na cāsya sūkṣma-vyavahita-viprakṛṣṭasya vastuno loka-pratyakṣeṇa grahaṇam asti | kiṃ tu samādhi-prajñā-nirgrāhya eva sa viśeṣo bhavati bhūta-sūkṣma-gato vā puruṣa-gato vā | tasmān nirvicāra-vaiśāradya-samudbhavāyāṃ śrutānumāna-vilakṣaṇāyāṃ sūkṣma-vyavahita-prakṛṣṭa-sarva-viśeṣa-viṣayāyāmṛtaṃbharāyām eva prajñāyāṃ yoginā mahān prayatna āstheya ity arthaḥ |

nanu kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣiptākhya-vyutthāna-saṃskārāṇām ekāgratāyām api sa-vitarka-nirvitarka-sa-vicāra-janānāṃ saṃskārāṇāṃ sad-bhāvāt taiś cālyamānasya cittasya kathaṃ nirvicāra-vaiśāradya-pūrvakādhyātma-prasāda-labhya-rtambharā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā syād ata āha -- taj-jaḥ saṃskāro 'nya-saṃskāra-pratibandhī [YogaS 1.50] tayā ṛtambharayā prajñayā janito yaḥ saṃskāraḥ sa tattva-viṣayayā prajñayā janitatvena balavattvād anyān vyutthānajān samādhijāṃś ca saṃskārān atattva-viṣaya-prajñā-janitatvena durbalān pratibadhnāti sva-kāryākṣamān karoti nāśyatīti vā | teṣāṃ saṃskārāṇām abhibhavāt tat-prabhavāḥ pratyayā na bhavanti | tataḥ samādhir upatiṣṭhate | tataḥ samādhijā prajñā | tataḥ prajñā-kṛtāḥ saṃskārā iti navo navaḥ saṃskārāśayo vardhate | tataś ca prajñā | taataś ca saṃskārā iti |

nanu bhavatu vyutthāna-saṃskārāṇām atattva-viṣaya-prajñā-janitānāṃ tattva-mātra-viṣaya-samprajñāta-samādhi-prajñā-prabhavaiḥ saṃskāraiḥ pratibandhas teṣāṃ tu saṃskārāṇāṃ pratibandhakābhāvād ekāgra-bhūmāv eva sa-bījaḥ samādhiḥ syān na tu nirbījo nirodha-bhūmāv iti tatrāha -- tasyāpi nirodhe sarva-nirodhān nirbījaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 1.51] tasya samprajñātasya samādher ekāgra-bhūmijasya | api-śabdāt kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣiptānām api nirodhe yogi-prayatna-viśeṣeṇa vilaye sati sarva-nirodhāt samādheḥ samādhijasya saṃskārasyāpi nirodhān nirbījo nirālambano 'saṃprajñāta-samādhir bhavati | sa ca sopāyaḥ prāk sūtritaḥ -- virāma-pratyayābhyāsa-pūrvaḥ saṃskāra-śeṣo 'nyaḥ [YogaS 1.18] iti | viramyate 'neneti virāmo vitarka-vicārānandāsmitādi-rūpa-cintā-tyāgaḥ | tasya pratyayaḥ kāraṇaṃ paraṃ vairāgyam iti yāvat | virāmaś cāsau pratyayaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣa iti vā | tasyābhyāsaḥ paunaḥpunyena cetasi niveśanaṃ tad eva pūrvaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣaḥ sarvathā nivṛttiko 'nyaḥ pūrvoktāt sa-bījād vilakṣaṇo nirbījo 'saṃprajñāta-samādhir ity arthaḥ | asamprajñātasya hi samādher dvāv upāyāv uktāv abhyāso vairāgyaṃ ca | tatra sālambanatvād abhyāsasya na nirālambana-samādhi-hetutvaṃ ghaṭata iti nirālambanaṃ paraṃ vairāgyam eva hetutvenocyate | abhyāsas tu samprajñāta-samādhi-dvārā praṇāḍyopayujyate | tad uktaṃ -- trayam antaraṅgaṃ pūrvebhyaḥ [YogaS 3.7] | dhāraṇā-dhyāna-samādhi-rūpaṃ sādhana-trayaṃ yama-niyamāsana-prāṇāyāma-pratyāhāra-rūpa-sādhana-pañcakāpekṣayā sa-bījasya samādher antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam | sādhana-koṭau ca samādhi-śabdenābhyāsa evocyate | mukhyasya samādheḥ sādhyatvāt | tad api bahiraṅgaṃ nirbījasya [YogaS 3.8] | nirbījasya tu samādhes tad api trayaṃ bahiraṅgaṃ paramparayopakāri tasya tu paraṃ vairāgyam evāntaraṅgam ity arthaḥ |

ayam api dvividho bhava-pratyaya upāya-pratyayaś ca | bhava-pratyayo videha-prakṛti-layānām [YogaS 1.19] | videhānāṃ sānandānāṃ prakṛti-layānāṃ ca sāsmitānāṃ daivānāṃ prāg-vyākhyātānāṃ janma-viśeṣād auṣadhi-viśeṣān mantra-viśeṣāt tapo-viśeṣād vā yaḥ samādhiḥ sa bhava-pratyayaḥ | bhavaḥ saṃsāra ātmānātma-vivekābhāva-rūpaḥ pratyayaḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā | janma-mātra-hetuko vā pakṣiṇām ākāśa-gamanavat | punaḥ saṃsāra-hetutvān mumukṣubhir heya ity arthaḥ | śraddhā-vīrya-smṛti-samādhi-prajñā-pūrvaka itareṣām [YogaS 1.20] | janmauṣadhi-mantra-tapaḥ-siddha-vyatiriktānām ātmānātma-viveka-darśināṃ tu yaḥ samādhiḥ sa śraddhā-pūrvakaḥ | śraddhādayaḥ pūrva upāyā yasya sa tathā | upāya-pratyaya ity arthaḥ |

teṣu śraddhā yoga-viṣaye cetasaḥ prasādaḥ | sā hi jananīva yoginaṃ pāti | tataḥ śraddadhānasya vivekārthino vīryam utsāha upajāyate | samupajāta-vīryasya pāścātyāsu bhūmiṣu smṛtir utpadyate | tat-smaraṇāc ca cittam anākulaṃ sat samādhīyate | samādhir atraikāgratā | samāhita-cittasya prajñā bhāvya-gocarā vivekena jāyate | tad-abhyāsāt parāc ca vairāgyād bhavaty asamprajñātaḥ samādhir mumukṣūṇām ity arthaḥ | pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmino hi bhāvā ṛte citi-śakteḥ iti nyāyena tasyām api sarva-vṛtti-nirodhāvasthāyāṃ citta-pariṇāma-pravāhas taj-janya-saṃskāra-pravāhaś ca bhavaty evety abhipretya saṃskāra-viśeṣa ity uktam |

tasya ca saṃskārasya prayojanam uktam -- tataḥ praśānta-vāhitā saṃskārāt [YogaS 3.10] iti | praśānta-vāhitā nāmāvṛttikasya cittasya nirindhanāgnivat pratiloma-pariṇāmenopaśamaḥ | yathā samid-ājyādy-āhuti-prakṣepe vahnir uttarottara-vṛddhyā prajvalati, samid-ādi-kṣaye tu prathama-kṣaṇe kiṃcic chāmyati | uttarottara-kṣaṇeṣu tv adhikam adhikaṃ śāmyatīti krameṇa śāntir vardhate | tathā niruddha-cittasyottarottarādhikaḥ praśamaḥ pravahati | tatra pūrva-praśama-janitaḥ saṃskāra evottarottara-praśamasya kāraṇam | tadā ca nirindhanāgnivac cittaṃ krameṇopaśāmyad-vyutthāna-samādhi-nirodha-saṃskāraiḥ saha svasyāṃ prakṛtau līyate | tadā ca samādhi-paripāka-prabhavena vedānta-vākyajena samyag-darśanenāvidyāyāṃ nivṛttāyāṃ tad-dhetuka-dṛg-dṛśya-saṃyogābhāvād vṛttau pañca-vidhāyām api nivṛttāyāṃ svarūpa-pratiṣṭhaḥ puruṣaḥ śuddhaḥ kevalo mukta ity ucyate |

tad uktaṃ -- tadā draṣṭuḥ svarūpe 'vasthānam [YogaS 1.3] iti | tadā sarva-vṛtti-nirodhe | vṛtti-daśāyāṃ tu nityāpariṇāmi-caitanya-rūpatvena tasya sarvadām śuddhatve 'py anādinā dṛśya-saṃyogenāvidyakenāntaḥkaraṇa-tādātmyādhyāsād antaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-sārūpyaṃ prāpnuvan nabhoktāpi bhokteva duḥkhānāṃ bhavati |

tad uktaṃ -- vṛtti-sārūpyam itaratra [YogaS 4] | itaratra vṛtti-prādurbhāve | etad eva vivṛttaṃ draṣṭṛ-dṛśyoparaktaṃ cittaṃ sarvārtham [YogaS 4.23] cittam eva draṣṭṛ-dṛśyoparaktaṃ viṣayi-viṣaya-nirbhāsaṃ cetanācetana-svarūpāpannaṃ viṣayātmakam apy aviṣayātmakam ivācetanam api cetanam iva sphaṭika-maṇi-kalpaṃ sarvārtham ity ucyate | tad anena citta-sārūpyeṇa bhrāntāḥ kecit tad eva cetanam ity āhuḥ | tad asaṃkhyeya-vāsanā-citram api parārthaṃ saṃhatya-kāritvāt [YogaS 4.24] | yasya bhogāpavargārthaṃ tat sa eva paraś cetano 'saṃhataḥ puruṣo na tu ghaṭādivat saṃhatya-kāri cittaṃ cetanam ity arthaḥ | evaṃ ca viśeṣa-darśina ātma-bhāva-bhāvanā-vinivṛttiḥ [YogaS 4.25] | evaṃ yo 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-puruṣayor viśeṣa-darśī tasya yāntaḥ-karaṇe prāg-aviveka-vaśād ātma-bhāva-bhāvanāsīt sā nivartate | bheda-darśane saty abheda-bhramānupapatteḥ |

sattva-puruṣayor viśeṣa-darśanaṃ ca bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-sādhyam | tal-liṅgaṃ ca yoga-bhāṣye darśitam | yathā prāvṛṣi tṛṇāṅkurasyodbhedena tad-bīja-sattānumīyate thatā mokṣa-mārga-śravaṇena siddhānta-ruci-vaśād yasya lomaharṣāśru-pātau dṛśyete tatrāpy asti viśeṣa-darśana-bījam apavarga-mārgīyaṃ karmābhinirvartitam ity anumīyate | yasya tu tādṛśaṃ karma-bījaṃ nāsti tasya mokṣa-mārga-śravaṇe pūrva-pakṣa-yuktiṣu rucir bhavaty aruciś ca siddhānta-yuktiṣu | tasya ko 'ham āsaṃ katham aham āsam ity ādir ātma-bhāva-bhāvanā svābhāvikī pravartate | sā tu viśeṣa-darśino nivartata iti |

evaṃ sati kiṃ syād iti tad āha -- tadā viveka-nimnaṃ kaivalya-prāg-bhāraṃ cittam [YogaS 4.26] | nimnaṃ jala-pravahaṇa-yogyo nīca-deśaḥ | prāg-bhāras tad-ayogya ucca-pradeśaḥ | cittaṃ ca sarvadā pravartamāna-vṛtti-pravāheṇa pravahaj-jala-tulyaṃ tat prāg-ātmānātmāviveka-rūpa-vimārga-vāhi-viṣaya-bhoga-paryantam asyāsīt | adhunā tv ātmānātma-viveka-mārga-vāhi-kaivalya-paryantaṃ sampadyata iti | asmiṃś ca viveka-vāhini citte ye 'ntarāyās te sa-hetukā nivartanīyā ity āha sūtrābhyām -- tac-chidreṣu pratyayāntarāṇi saṃskārebhyaḥ | hānam eṣāṃ kleśavad uktam [YogaS 4.27-8] | tasmin viveka-vāhini citte chidreṣv antarāleṣu pratyayāntarāṇi vyutthāna-rūpāṇy ahaṃ mamety evaṃrūpāṇi vyutthānānubhavajebhyaḥ saṃskārebhyaḥ kṣīyamāṇbhyo 'pi prādurbhavanti | eṣāṃ ca saṃskārāṇāṃ kleśānām iva hānam uktam | yathā kleśā avidyādayo jñānāgninā dagdha-bīja-bhāvā ca punaś citta-bhūmau prarohaṃ prāpnuvanti tathā jñānāgninā dagdha-bīja-bhāvāḥ saṃskārāḥ pratyayāntarāṇi na praroḍhum arhanti | jñānāgni-saṃskārās tu yāvac cittam anuśerata iti |

evaṃ ca pratyayāntarānudayena viveka-vāhini citte sthirībhūte sati prasaṃkhyāne 'py akusīdasya sarvathāviveka-khyāter dharma-meghaḥ samādhiḥ [YogaS 4.29] prasaṅkhyānaṃ sattva-puruṣānyatā-khyātiḥ śuddhātma-jñānam iti yāvat | tatra buddheḥ sāttvike pariṇāme kṛta-saṃyamasya sarveṣāṃ guṇa-pariṇāmānāṃ svāmivad ākramaṇaṃ sarvādhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ teṣām eva ca śāntoditāvyapadeśya-dharmitvena sthitānāṃ yathāvad viveka-jñānaṃ sarva-jñātṛtvaṃ ca viśokā nāma siddhiḥ phalaṃ tad-vairāgyāc ca kaivalyam uktaṃ -- sattva-puruṣānyatā-khyāti-mātrasya sarva-bhāvādhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ sarva-jñātṛtvaṃ ca [YogaS 3.49] sattva-puruṣayoḥ śuddhi-sāmye kaivalyam [YogaS 3.55] iti sūtrābhyām | tad etad ucyate tasmin prasaṅkhyāne saty apy akusīdasya phalam alipsoḥ pratyayāntarāṇām anudaye sarva-prakārair viveka-khyāteḥ paripoṣād dharma-meghaḥ samādhir bhavati |

dharmaṃ pratyag-brahmaikya-sākṣātkāraṃ mehati siñcatīti dharma-meghas tattva-sākṣātkāra-hetur ity arthaḥ | tataḥ kleśa-karma-nivṛttiḥ | tato dharma-meghāt samādher dharmād vā kleśānāṃ pañca-vidhānām avidyāsmitā-rāga-dveṣābhiniveśānāṃ karmaṇāṃ ca kṛṣṇa-śuklakṛṣṇa-śukla-bhedena trividhānām avidyā-mūlānām avidyā-kṣaye bīja-kṣayād ātyantikī nivṛttiḥ kaivalyaṃ bhavati | kāraṇa-nivṛttyā kārya-nivṛtter ātyantikyā ucitatvād ity arthaḥ |

evaṃ sthite yuñjann eva sadātmānam ity anena samprajñātaḥ samādhir ekāgra-bhūmāv uktaḥ | niyata-mānasa ity anena tat-phala-bhūto 'samprajñāta-samādhir nirodha-bhūmāv uktaḥ | śāntim iti nirodha-samādhija-saṃskāra-phala-bhūtā praśānta-vāhitā | nirvāṇa-paramam iti dharma-meghasya samādhes tattva-jñāna-dvārā kaivalya-hetutvaṃ, mat-saṃsthām ity anenaupaniṣadābhimataṃ kaivalyaṃ darśitam | yasmād evaṃ mahā-phalo yogas tasmāt taṃ mahatā prayatnena sampādayed ity abhiprāyaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : ātmānaṃ mano yuñjan dhyāna-yoga-yuktaṃ kurvan | yato niyata-mānaso viṣayoparata-cittaḥ | nirvāṇo mokṣa eva paramaḥ prāpyo yasyāṃ mayy eva nirviśeṣa-brahmaṇi samyak sthā sthitir yasyāṃ tāṃ śāntiṃ saṃsāroparatiṃ prāpnoti ||15||

baladevaḥ : evam āsīnasya kiṃ syāt tad āha yuñjann iti | yogī sadā pratidinam ātmānaṃ yuñjann arpayan | niyata-mānasaḥ mat-sparśa-pariśuddhatayā niyataṃ niścalaṃ mānasaṃ cittaṃ yasya sa, mat-saṃsthāṃ mad-adhīnāṃ nirvāṇa-paramāṃ śāntim adhigacchati labhate | tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8] ity ādi śravaṇāt | nirvāṇa-paramāṃ mokṣāvadhikām iti siddhayo 'pi yoga-phalānīty uktam ||15||

BhG 6.16

śrīdharaḥ : yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyantam adhikaṃ bhuñjānasya ekāntam atyantam abhuñjānasyāpi yogaḥ samādhir na bhavati | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasyāhārādi-niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | yad bhuktaṃ sajjīryati śarīrasya ca kārya-kṣamatāṃ sampādayati tad-ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad atikramya lobhenādhikam aśnato na yogo 'sti ajīrṇa-doṣeṇa vyādhi-pīḍitatvāt | na caikāntam anaśnato yogo 'sti | anāhārād atyalpāhārād vā rasa-poṣaṇābhāvena śarīrasya kāryākṣamatvāt | yad u ha vā ātma-saṃmitam annaṃ tad avati tan na hinasti yad bhūyo hinasti tad yat kanīyo 'nnaṃ na tad avati [ŚatapathaB 9.2.1.2] iti śatapatha-śruteḥ | tasmād yogī nātma-saṃmitād annād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnīyād ity arthaḥ |

ity ādi yoga-śāstrokta-parimāṇād adhikaṃ nyūnaṃ vāśnato yogo na sampadyata ity arthaḥ | tathātinidrā-śīlasyātijāgrataś ca yogo naivāsti he 'rjuna sāvadhāo bhavety abhiprāyaḥ | yathā mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe -

nātīśīte na caivoṣṇe na dvandve nānilānvite | kāleṣv eteṣu yuñjīta na yogaṃ dhyāna-tat-paraḥ || ity ādi ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : yogābhyāsa-niṣṭhasya niyamam āha nātyaśanata iti dvyābhyām | atyaśnato 'dhikaṃ bhuñjānasya | yad uktaṃ -

pūrayed aśanenārdhaṃ tṛtīyam udakena tu | vāyoḥ saṅcaraṇārthaṃ tu caturtham avaśeṣayet || iti ||16||

baladevaḥ : yogam abhyasyato bhojanādi-niyamam āha nātīti dvyābhyām | atyaśanam anatyaśanaṃ ca, atisvāpo 'tijāgaraś ca, yoga-virodhy-ativihārādi cottarāt ||16||

BhG 6.17

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi kathambhūtasya yogo bhavatīti ? ata āha - yuktāhāreti | yukto niyata āhāro vihāraś ca gatir yasya | karmasu kāryeṣu yuktā niyatā ceṣṭā yasya | yuktau niyatau svapnāvabodhau nidrā-jāgarau yasya | tasya duḥkha-nivartako yogo bhavati sidhyati ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam āhārādi-niyama-virahiṇo yoga-vyatirekam uktvā tan-niyamavato yogānvayam āha yuktāhāra iti | āhriyata ity āhāro 'nnam | viharaṇaṃ vihāraḥ pāda-kramaḥ | tau yuktau niyata-parimāṇau yasya | tathānyeṣv api praṇava-japopaniṣad-āvartanādiṣu karmasu yuktā niyata-kālā ceṣṭā yasya | tathā svapno nidrā avabodho jāgaraṇaṃ tau yuktau niyata-kālau yasya tasya yogo bhavati | sādhana-pāṭavād ātma-samādhiḥ sidhyati nānyasya | evaṃ prayanta-viśeṣeṇa sampādito yogaḥ kiṃ-phala iti tatrāha duḥkhaheti | sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkha-kāraṇāvidyonmūlana-hetu-brahma-vidyotpādakatvāt sa-mūla-sarva-duḥkha-nivṛtti-hetur ity arthaḥ | atrāhārasya niyatatvam |

ity ādi prāg uktam | vihārasya niyatatvaṃ yoganān na paraṃ gacched ity ādi | karmasu ceṣṭāyā niyatatvaṃ vāg-ādi-cāpala-parityāgaḥ | rātrer vibhāga-trayaṃ kṛtvā prathamānyayor jāgaraṇaṃ madhye svapanam iti svapnāvabodhayor niyata-kālatvam | evam anye 'pi yoga-śāstroktā niyamā draṣṭavyāḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : yukteti | mitāhāra-vihārasya karmasu laukika-pāramārthika-kṛtyeṣu mita-vāgādi-vyāpārasya mita-svāpa-jāgarasya ca sarva-duḥkha-nāśako yogo bhavati tasmād yogī tathā tathā vartate ||17||

BhG 6.18

śrīdharaḥ : kadā niṣpanna-yogaḥ puruṣo bhavatīty apekṣāyām āha yadeti | viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niruddhaṃ sac-cittam ātmany eva yadā niścalaṃ tiṣṭhati | kiṃ ca sarva-kāmebhya aihikāmuṣmika-bhogebhyo niḥspṛho vigata-tṛṣṇo bhavati | tadā muktaḥ prāpta-yoga ity ucyate ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam ekāgra-bhūmau samprajñātaṃ samādhim abhidhāya nirodha-bhūmāv asamprajñātaṃ samādhiṃ vaktum upakramate yadeti | yadā yasmin kāle para-vairāgya-vaśād viniyataṃ viśeṣeṇa niyataṃ sarva-vṛtti-śūnyatām āpāditaṃ cittaṃ vigata-rajas-tamaskam antaḥkaraṇa-sattvaṃ svacchatvāt sarva-viṣayākāra-grahaṇa-samartham api sarvato-niruddha-vṛttikatvād ātmany eva pratyak citi anātmānuparakte vṛtti-rāhitye 'pi svataḥ-siddhasyātmākārasya vārayitum aśakyatvāc citer eva prādhānyān nyag-bhūtaṃ sad avatiṣṭhate niścalaṃ bhavati | tadā tasmin sarva-vṛtti-nirodha-kāle yuktaḥ samāhita ity ucyate | kaḥ ? yaḥ sarva-kāmebhyo niḥspṛhaḥ | nirgatā doṣa-darśanena sarvebhyo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣayebhyaḥ kāmebhyaḥ spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasyeti paraṃ vairāgyam asamprajñāta-samādher antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam uktam | tathā ca vyākhyātaṃ prāk ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ :yogī niṣpanna-yogaḥ kadā bhaved ity ākāṅkṣāyām āha yadeti | viniyataṃ niruddhaṃ cittam ātmani svasminn evāvatiṣṭhate niścalī-bhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : yogī niṣpanna-yogaḥ kadā syād ity apekṣāyām āha yadeti | yogam abhyasyato yoginaś cittam yadā viniyataṃ niruddhaṃ sadātmany eva svasminn evāvasthitaṃ sthiraṃ bhavati, tad-ātmetara-sarva-spṛhā-śūnyo yukto niṣpanna-yogaḥ kathyate ||18||

BhG 6.19

śrīdharaḥ : ātmaikyākāratayāvasthitasya cittasyopamānam āha yatheti | vāta-śūnye deśe sthito dīpo yathā neṅgate na vicalati | sopamā dṛṣṭāntaḥ | kasya ? ātma-viṣayaṃ yogaṃ yuñjato 'bhyasyato yoginaḥ | yataṃ niyataṃ cittaṃ yasya tasya niṣkampatayā prakāśakatayā cācañcalaṃ tac cittaṃ tadvat tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : samādhau nivṛttikasya cittasyopamānam āha yatheti | dīpa-calana-hetunā vātena rahite deśe sthito dīpo yathā calana-hetv-abhāvān neṅgate na calati, sopamā smṛtā sa dṛṣṭāntaś cintito yogajñaiḥ | kasya ? yogina ekāgra-bhūmau samprajñāta-samādhi-mato 'bhyāsa-pāṭavād yata-cittasya niruddha-sarva-citta-vṛtter asamprajñāta-samādhi-rūpaṃ yogaṃ nirodha-bhūmau yuñjato 'nutiṣṭhato ya ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ tasya niścalatayā sattvodrekeṇa prakāśakatayā ca niścalo dīpo dṛṣṭānta ity arthaḥ |

ātmano yogaṃ yuñjata iti vyākhyāne dārṣṭāntikālābhaḥ sarvāvasthasyāpi cittasya sarvadātmākāratayātma-pada-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | na hi yogenātmākāratā cittasya sampādyate, kintu svata evātmākārasya sato 'nātmākāratā nivartyata iti | tasmād dārṣṭāntika-pratipādanārtham evātma-padam | yata-cittasyeti bhāva-paro nirdeśaḥ karma-dhārayo vā yatasya cittasyety arthaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : nivāta-stho nirvāta-deśa-sthito dīpo neṅgate na calati yaḥ sa eva dīpa upamā yathā yathāvad ity arthaḥ | so 'ci lope cet pāda-pūraṇam [Pāṇ 6.1.134] iti sandhiḥ | kasyopamā ity ata āha yogina iti |

baladevaḥ : tadā yogī kīdṛśo bhavatīty apekṣāyām āha yatheti | nirvāta-deśa-stho dīpo neṅgate na calati niścalaḥ sa-prabhas tiṣṭhati sa dīpo yathā yathāvad upamā yogajñaiḥ smṛtā cintitā | sopamety atra so 'ci lope cet pāda-pūraṇam [Pāṇ 6.1.134] iti sūtrāt sandhiḥ | upamā-śabdenopamānaṃ bodhyam | kasyety āha yogina iti | yata-cittasya niruddha-sarva-citta-vṛtter ātmano yogaṃ dhyānaṃ yuñjato 'nutiṣṭhataḥ | nivṛtta-sakaletara-citta-vṛttir abhyudita-jñāna-yogī niścala-sa-pradīpa-sadṛśo bhavatīti ||19||

BhG 6.20-23

yatroparamate cittaṃ niruddhaṃ yoga-sevayā |

śrīdharaḥ : yaṃ saṃnyāsam iti prāhur yogaṃ taṃ viddhi pāṇḍava [Gītā 6.2] ity ādau karmaiva yoga-śabdenoktam | nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'sti [Gītā 6.16] ity ādau tu samādhir yoga-śabdenoktaḥ | tatra mukhyo yogaḥ ka ity apekṣāyāṃ samādhim eva svarūpataḥ phalataś ca lakṣayan sa eva mukhyo yoga ity āha yatreti sārdhais tribhiḥ | yatra yasmin avasthā-viśeṣe yogābhyāsena niruddhaṃ cittam uparataṃ bhavatīti yogasya svarūpa-lakṣaṇam uktam | tathā ca pātañjalaṃ sūtram yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | iṣṭa-prāpti-lakṣaṇena phalena tam eva lakṣayati | yatra ca yasminn avasthā-viśeṣe | ātmanā śuddhena manasā ātmānam eva paśyati na tu dehādi | paśyaṃś cātmany eva tuṣyati | na tu viṣayeṣu | yatrety ādīnāṃ yac-chandānāṃ taṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti caturthena ślokenānvayaḥ ||20|

ātmany eva toṣe hetum āha sukham iti | yatra yasminn avasthā-viśeṣe yat tat kim api niratiśayam ātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vetti | nanu tadā viṣayendriya-sambandhābhāvāt kutaḥ sukhaṃ syāt ? tatrāha atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-sambandhātītam | kevalaṃ buddhyaivātmākāratayā grāhyam | ataeva ca yatra sthitaḥ saṃs tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati ||21||

acalatvam evopapādayati yam iti | yam ātma-sukha-rūpaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tato 'dhikam aparaṃ lābhaṃ na manyate | tasyaiva niratiśaya-sukhatvāt | yasmiṃś ca sthito mahatāpi śītoṣṇādi-duḥkhena na vicālyate nābhibhūyate | etenāniṣṭa-nivṛtti-phalenāpi yogasya lakṣaṇam uktaṃ draṣṭavyam ||22||

tam iti | ya evaṃ-bhūto 'vasthā-viśeṣas taṃ duḥkha-saṃyoga-viyogaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyāt | duḥkha-śabdena duḥkha-miśritaṃ vaiṣayikaṃ sukham api gṛhyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena saṃsparśa-mātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin tam avasthā-viśeṣaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ jānīyāt | paramātmānā kṣetrajñasya yojanaṃ yogaḥ | yad vā duḥkha-saṃyogena viyoga eva śūre kātara-śabda-vad viruddha-lakṣaṇayā yoga ucyate | karmaṇi tu yoga-śabdas tad-upāyatvād aupacārika eveti bhāvaḥ |

yasmād evaṃ mahā-phalo yogas tasmāt sa eva yatnato 'bhyasanīya ity āha tam iti sārdhena | sa yogo niścayena śāstrācāryopadeśa-janitena nirveda-rahitena cetasā yoktavyaḥ | duḥkha-buddhyā prayatna-śaithilyaṃ nirvedaḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sāmānyena samādhim uktvā nirodha-samādhiṃ vistareṇa vivarītum ārambhate yatreti | yatra yasmin pariṇāma-viśeṣe yoga-sevayā yogābhyāsa-pāṭavena jāte sati niruddham eka-viṣayaka-vṛtti-pravāha-rūpām ekāgratāṃ tyaktvā nirindhanāgnivad upaśāmyan nirvṛttikatayā sarva-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpeṇa pariṇataṃ bhavati | yatra ca yasmiṃś ca pariṇāme sati ātmanā rajas-tamo 'nabhibhūta-śuddha-sattva-mātreṇāntaḥ-karaṇenātmānaṃ pratyak-caitanyaṃ paramātmābhinnaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-ghanam anantam advitīyaṃ paśyan vedānta-pramāṇajayā vṛttyā sākṣātkurvann ātmany eva paramānanda-ghane tuṣyati, na dehendriya-saṃghāte, na vā tad-bhogye 'nyatra | paramātma-darśane saty atuṣṭi-hetv-abhāvāt tuṣyaty eveti vā | tam antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmaṃ sarva-citta-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpaṃ yogaṃ vidyād iti pareṇānvayaḥ | yatra kāla iti tu vyākhyānam asādhu tac-chabdānanvayāt ||20||

ātmany eva toṣe hetum āha sukham iti | yatra yasminn avasthā-viśeṣa ātyantikam anantaṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma-svarūpam atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-saṃyogānabhivyaṅgyaṃ buddhi-grāhyaṃ buddhyaiva rajas-tamo-mala-rahitayā sattva-mātra-vāhinyā grāhyaṃ sukhaṃ yogī vetti anubhavati | yatra ca sthito 'yaṃ vidvāṃs tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati | taṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti pareṇānvayaḥ samānaḥ |

atrātyantikam iti brahma-sukha-svarūpa-kathanam | atīndriyam iti viṣaya-sukha-vyāvṛttiḥ | tasya viṣayendriya-saṃyoga-sāpekṣatvāt | buddhi-grāhyam iti sauṣupta-sukha-vyāvṛttiḥ suṣuptau buddher līnatvāt | samādhau nirvṛttikāyās tasyāḥ sattvāt | tad uktaṃ gauḍa-pādaiḥ - līyate tu suṣuptau tan nigṛhītaṃ na līyate iti | tathā ca śrūyate -

samādhi-nirdhūta-malasya cetaso niveśitasyātmani yat sukhaṃ bhavet | na śakyate varṇayituṃ girā tadā yad etad antaḥ-karaṇena gṛhyate || iti |

antaḥkaraṇena niruddha-sarva-vṛttikenety arthaḥ | vṛttyā tu sukhāsvādanaṃ gauḍācāryais tatra pratiṣiddham - nāsvādayet sukhaṃ tatra niḥsaṅgaṃ prajñayā bhavet iti | mahad idaṃ samādhau sukham anubhavāmīti sa-vikalpa-vṛtti-rūpā prajñā sukhāsvādaḥ | taṃ vyutthāna-rūpatvena samādhi-virodhitvād yogī na kuryāt | ataevaitādṛśyā prajñayā saha saṅgaṃ parityajet tāṃ nirundhyād ity arthaḥ | nirvṛttikena tu cittena svarūpa-sukhānubhavas taiḥ pratipāditaḥ | svasthaṃ śāntaṃ sa-nirvāṇa-kathyaṃ sukham uttamam iti spaṣṭaṃ caitad upariṣṭhāt kariṣyate ||21||

yatra na caivāyaṃ sthitaś calati tattvata ity uktam upapādayati yaṃ labdhveti | yaṃ ca niratiśayātmaka-sukha-vyañjakaṃ nirvṛttika-cittāvasthā-viśeṣaṃ labdhvā santatābhyāsa-paripākena sampādyāparaṃ lābhaṃ tato 'dhikaṃ na manyate | kṛtaṃ kṛtyaṃ prāptaṃ prāpaṇīyam ity ātma-lābhāc ca paraṃ vidyate iti smṛteḥ | evaṃ viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanayā samādher vicalanaṃ nāstīty uktvā śīta-vāta-maśakādy-upadrava-nivāraṇārtham api tan nāstīty āha yasmin paramātma-sukha-maye nirvṛttika-cittāvasthā-viśeṣe sthito yogī guruṇā mahatā śastra-nipātādi-nimittena mahatāpi duḥkhena na vicālyate kim uta kṣudreṇety arthaḥ ||22||

yatroparamata ity ārabhya bahubhir viśeṣaṇair yo nivṛttikaḥ paramānandābhivyañjakaś cittāvasthā-viśeṣa uktas taṃ citta-vṛtti-nirodhaṃ citta-vṛtti-maya-sarva-duḥkha-virodhitvena duḥkha-viyogam eva santaṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ viyoga-śabdārtham api virodhi-lakṣaṇayā yoga-śabda-vācyaṃ vidyāj jānīyāc ca tu yoga-śabdānurodhāt kaṃcit sambandhaṃ pratipadyetety arthaḥ | tathā ca bhagavān patañjalir asūtrayat yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yogo bhavati duḥkhahā [6.17] iti yat prāg uktaṃ tad etad upasaṃhṛtam |

evaṃ-bhūte yoge niścayānirvedayoḥ sādhanatva-vidhānāyāha sa niścayeneti | sa

yathokta-phalo yogo niścayena śāstrācārya-vacana-tātparya-viṣayo 'rthaḥ satya evety adhvayasāyena yoktavyo 'bhyasanīyaḥ | anirviṇṇa-cetasā etāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ kim ataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭam ity anutāpo nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare vā setsyati kiṃ tvarayety evaṃ dhairyam uktena manasety arthaḥ | tad etad gauḍa-pādā udājahruḥ -

utseka udadher yadvat kuśāgreāika-bindunā | manaso nigrahas tadvad bhaved aparikhedataḥ || iti |

utseka utsecanaṃ śoṣaṇādhvasyāyena jaloddharaṇam iti yāvat | atra sampradāya-vida ākhyāyikām ācakṣate | kasyacit kila pakṣiṇo 'ṇḍāni tīra-sthāni taraṅga-vegena sumudro 'pajahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmy eveti pravṛttaḥ sva-mukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jala-bindum upari pracikṣepa | tadā ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhir bandhu-vargair vāryamāṇo 'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito 'py asmin janmani janmāntare vā yena kenāpy upāyena samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmy eveti pratijajñe | tataś ca daivānukūlyāt kṛpālur nārado garuḍaṃ tat-sāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudras tvaj-jñāti-droheṇa tvām avamanyata iti vacanena | tato garuḍa-pakṣa-vātena śuṣyan samudro bhītas tāny aṇḍāni tasmai pakṣiṇe pradadāv iti | evam akhedena mano-nirodhe parama-dharme pravartamānaṃ yoginam īśvaro 'nugṛhṇāti | tataś ca pakṣiṇa iva tasyābhimataṃ sidhyatīti bhāvaḥ ||23||

viśvanāthaḥ : nātyaśnatas tu yogo 'stīty ādau yoga-śabdena samādhir uktaḥ | sa ca saṃprajñāto 'saṃprajñātaś ca | sa-vitarka-sa-vicāra-bhedāt saṃprajñāto bahu-vidhaḥ | asaṃprajñāta-samādhi-rūpo yogaḥ kīdṛśa ity apekṣāyām āha yatrety-ādi-sārdhais tribhiḥ | yatra samādhau sati cittam uparamate vastu-mātram eva na spṛśatīty arthaḥ | tatra hetuḥ niruddham iti | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti | yatrety-ādi-padānāṃ yoga-saṃjñitaṃ vidyād iti caturthenānvayaḥ | ātmanā paramātmākārāntaḥkaraṇenātmānaṃ paśyan tasmin tuṣyati | tatratyaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnoti | yad ātyantikaṃ sukhaṃ prasiddham | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-samparka-rahitam | ataeva yatra sthitaḥ san tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati, ataeva yaṃ lābhaṃ labdhvā tataḥ sakāśād aparaṃ lābham adhikaṃ na manyate | duḥkhasya saṃyogena sparśa-mātreṇāpi viyogo yasmin taṃ yoga-saṃjñtaṃ yoga-saṃjñāṃ prāptaṃ samādhiṃ vidyāt | yadyapi śīghraṃ na sidhyati tad apy ayaṃ me yogaḥ saṃsetsyaty eveti yo niścayas tena | anirviṇṇa-cetasaitāvatāpi kālena yogo na siddhaḥ | kim ataḥ paraṃ kaṣṭenety anutāpo nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā | iha janmani janmāntare vā sidhyatu, kiṃ me tvarayeti dhairya-yuktena manasety arthaḥ | tad etad gauḍa-pādā udājahruḥ -

utseka udadher yadvat kuśāgreāika-bindunā | manaso nigrahas tadvad bhaved aparikhedataḥ || iti |

utseka utsecanam | śoṣaṇādhyavasāyena jaloddharaṇam iti yāvat | atra kācid ākhyāyikāsti | kasyacit kila pakṣiṇo 'ṇḍāni tīra-sthitāni taraṅga-vegena sumudro jahāra | sa ca samudraṃ śoṣayiṣāmīty eveti pratijñāya sva-mukhāgreṇaikaikaṃ jala-bindum upari pracikṣepa | taṃ ca bahubhiḥ pakṣibhir bandhubhir yuktyā vāryamāṇo 'pi naivopararāma | yadṛcchayā ca tatrāgatena nāradena nivārito 'py asmin janmani janmāntare vā samudraṃ śoṣayiṣyāmy eveti tad-agre 'pi punaḥ pratijajñe | tataś ca daivānukūlyāt kṛpālur nārado garuḍaṃ tat-sāhāyyāya preṣayāmāsa | samudras tvadīya-jñāti-droheṇa tvām avamanyata iti vākyena | tato garuḍa-pakṣa-vātena śuṣyan samudro

baladevaḥ : nātyaśnata ity ādau yoga-śabdenoktaṃ samādhiṃ svarūpataḥ phalataś ca lakṣayati yatrety-ādi-sārdha-trayeṇa | yac-chabdānāṃ taṃ vidyād yoga-saṃjñitam ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | yogaysa sevayābhyāsena niruddhaṃ nivṛttetara-vṛttikaṃ cittaṃ yatroparamate mahat sukham etad iti sajjati | na tu dehādi paśyan viṣayeṣv iti citta-vṛtti-nirodhena svarūpeṇeṣṭa-prāpti-lakṣaṇena phalena ca yogo darśitaḥ | sukham iti | yatra samādhau yat tat prasiddham ātyantikaṃ nityaṃ sukhaṃ vetty anubhavati | atīndriyaṃ viṣayendriya-sambandha-rahitaṃ, buddhyātmākārayā grāhyam | ataeva yatra sthitas tattvata ātma-svarūpān naiva calati, yaṃ yogaṃ labdhvaiva tato 'paraṃ lābham adhikaṃ na manyate | guruṇā guṇavat putra-vicchedādinā na vicāyate tam iti | duḥkha-saṃyogasya viyogaḥ pradhvaṃso yatra taṃ yoga-saṃjñtaṃ samādhim ||20-23||

BhG 6.24

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca saṅkalpeti | saṃkalpāt prabhavo yeṣāṃ tān yoga-pratikūlān sarvān kāmān aśeṣataḥ sa-vāsanāṃs tyaktvā manasaiva viṣaya-doṣa-darśinā sarvataḥ prasarantam indriya-samūhaṃ viśeṣeṇa niyamya | yogo yoktavya iti pūrveṇānvayaḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca kṛtvā yogo 'bhyasnīyaḥ ? saṅkalpo duṣṭeṣv api viṣayeṣv aśobhanatvādarśanena śobhanādhyāsaḥ | tasmāc ca saṅkalpād idaṃ me syād idaṃ me syād ity evaṃ-rūpāḥ kāmāḥ prabhavanti | tān śobhanādhyāsa-prabhavān viṣayābhilāṣān vicāra-janyāśobhanatva-niścayena śobhanādhyāsa-bādhād dṛṣṭeṣu srak-candana-vanitādiṣv adṛṣṭeṣu cendra-loka-pārijātāpsaraḥ-prabhṛtiṣu śva-vānta-pāyasavat svata eva sarvān brahma-loka-paryantān aśeṣato niravaśeṣān savāsanāṃs tyaktvā, ataeva kāma-pūrvakatvād indirya-pravṛttes tad-apāye sati viveka-yuktena

viśvanāthaḥ : etādṛśa-yogābhyāse pravṛttasya prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam antyaṃ ca kṛtyam āha saṅkalpeti dvābhyām | kāmāṃs tyaktveti prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam | na kiṃcid api cintayed ity antyaṃ kṛtyam ||24-25||

baladevaḥ : sa yogaḥ prārambha-daśāyāṃ niścayena prayatne kṛte saṃsetsyaty evety adhyavasāyena yoktavyo 'nuṣṭheyaḥ | ātmany ayogatva-mananaṃ nirvedas tad-rahitena cetasā hṛtāṇḍārṇava-śoṣakat-pakṣivat sotsāhenety arthaḥ | etādṛśaṃ yogam ārabhamāṇasya prāthamikaṃ kṛtyam āha saṅkalpeti | saṅkalpāt prabhavo yeṣāṃ tān yoga-virodhinaḥ kāmān viṣayān aśeṣataḥ sa-vāsanāṃs tyaktvā | sphuṭam anyat | manasā viṣaya-doṣa-darśinā ||24||

BhG 6.25

śrīdharaḥ : yadi tu prāktana-karma-saṃskāreṇa mano vicalet tarhi dhāraṇayā sthirīkuryād ity āha śanair iti | dhṛtir dhāraṇā | tayā gṛhītayā vaśīkṛtayā buddhyā | ātma-saṃstham ātmany eva samyak sthitaṃ niścalaṃ manaḥ kṛtvoparamet | tac ca śanaiḥ śanair abhyāsa-krameṇa | na tu sahasā | uparama-svarūpam āha na kiṃcid api cintayet | niścale manasi svayam eva prakāśamāna-paramānanda-svarūpo bhūtvātma-dhyānād api nivartetety arthaḥ ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhūmikā-jaya-krameṇa śanaiḥ śanair uparamet | dhṛti-dhairyam akhinnatā tayā gṛhītā yā buddhir avaśya-kartavyatā-niścaya-rūpā tayā yadā kadācid avaśyaṃ bhaviṣyaty eva yogaḥ kiṃ tvarayety evaṃ-rūpayā śanaiḥ śanair gurūpadiṣṭa-mārgeṇa mano nirundhyāt | etenānirveda-niścayau prāg uktau darśitau | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

yacched vāṅ-manasī prājñas tad yacchej jñāna ātmani | jñānam ātmani mahati niyacchet

vāg iti vācaṃ laukikīṃ vaidikīṃ ca manasi vyāpāravati niyacchet | nānudhyāyād bahūn śabdān vāco viglāpanaṃ hi tat [BAU 4.4.21] iti śruteḥ | vāg-vṛtti-nirodhena mano-vṛtti-mātra-śeṣo bhaved ity arthaḥ | cakṣur-ādi-nirodho 'py etasyāṃ bhūmau draṣṭavyaḥ | manasīti cchāndasaṃ dairghyam | tan manaḥ karmedriya-jñānendriya-sahakāri nana-vidha-vikalpa-sādhanaṃ karaṇaṃ jñāne jānātīti jñānam iti vyutpattyā jñātary ātmani jñātṛtvopādhāv ahaṅkāre niyacchet | mano-vyāpārān parityajyāhaṅkāra-mātraṃ pariśeṣayet | tac ca jñānaṃ jñātṛtvopādhim ahaṅkāram ātmani mahati mahat-tattve sarva-vyāpake niyacchet | dvividho hy ahaṅkāro viśeṣa-rūpaḥ sāmānya-rūpaś ceti | ayam aham etasya putra ity evaṃ vyaktam abhimanyamāno viśeṣa-rūpo vyaṣṭy-ahaṅkāraḥ | asmīty etāvan-mātram abhimanyamānaḥ sāmānya-rūpaḥ samaṣṭy-ahaṅkāraḥ | sa ca hiraṇyagarbho mahān ātmeti ca sarvānusyūtatvād ucyate | tābhyām ahaṅkārābhyāṃ vivikto nirupādhikaḥ śāntātmā sarvāntaś cid-eka-rasas tasmin mahāntam ātmānaṃ samaṣṭi-buddhiṃ niyacchet | evaṃ tat-kāraṇam avyaktam api niyacchet | tato nirupādhikas tvaṃ-pada-lakṣyaḥ śuddha ātmā sākṣātkṛtau bhavati |

śuddhe hi cid-eka-rase pratyag-ātmani jaḍa-śakti-rūpam anirvācyam avyaktaṃ prakṛtir upādhiḥ | sā ca prathamaṃ sāmānyāhaṅkāra-rūpaṃ mahat tattvaṃ nāma dhṛtvā vyaktībhavati | tato bahir viśeṣāhaṅkāra-rūpeṇa | tato bahir mano-rūpeṇa | tato bahir vāg-ādīn indriya-rūpeṇa | tad etac chrutyābhihitam -

mahataḥ parama-vyaktam avyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ |

tatra gavādiṣv iva vāṅ-nirodhaḥ prathamā bhūmiḥ | bāla-mugdhādiṣv iva nirmanastvaṃ dvitīyā | tandryām ivāhaṅkāra-rāhityaṃ tṛtīyā | suṣuptāv iva mahat-tattva-śāntātmanor madhye mahat-tattvopādānam avyākṛtākhyaṃ tattvaṃ śrutyodāhāri, tathāpi tatra mahat-tattvasya niyamanaṃ nābhyadhāyi | suṣuptāv iva svarūpa-laya-prasaṅgāt | tasya ca karma-kṣaye sati puruṣa-prayatnam antareṇa svata eva siddhatvāt tattva-darśanānupayogitvāc ca | dṛśyate tvam agrayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣma-darśibhiḥ iti pūrvam abhidhāya sūkṣmatva-siddhaye nirodha-samādher abhidhānāt | sa ca tattva-didṛkṣor darśana-sādhanatvena dṛṣṭa-tattvasya ca jīvan-mukti-rūpa-kleśa-kṣayāyāpekṣitaḥ |

nanu śāntātmany avaruddhasya cittasya vṛtti-rahitatvena suṣuptivan na darśana-hetutvam iti cet, na | svataḥ-siddhasya darśanasya nivārayitum aśakyatvāt | tad uktaṃ -

yathā ghaṭa utpadyamānaḥ svato viyat-pūrṇaṃ evotpadyate | jala-taṇḍulādi-pūraṇaṃ tūtpanne ghaṭe paścāt puruṣa-prayatnena bhavati | tatra jalādau niḥsārite 'pi viyan-niḥsārayituṃ na śakyate | mukha-pidhāne 'py antarviyad avatiṣṭhata eva tathā cittam utpadyamānaṃ caitanya-pūrṇam evotpadyate | utpanne tu tasmin mūṣāniṣikta-druta-tāmravad ghaṭa-duḥkhādi-rūpatvaṃ bhoga-hetu-dharmādharma-sahakṛta-sāmagrī-vaśād bhavati | tatra ghaṭa-duḥkhādy-anātmākāre virāma-pratyayābhyāsena nivārite 'pi nirnimittaś cid-ākāro vārayituṃ na śakyate | tato nirodha-samādhinā nirvṛttikena cittena saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣatayātisūkṣmatvena nirupādhika-cid-ātma-mātrābhimukhatvād vṛttiṃ vinaiva nirvighnam ātmānubhūyate | tad etad āha ātma-saṃsthaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā na kiṃcid api cintayed iti | ātmani nirupādhike pratīci saṃsthā samāptir yasya tad-ātma-saṃsthaṃ sarva-prakāra-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ svabhāva-siddhātmākāra-mātra-viśiṣṭaṃ manaḥ kṛtvā dhṛti-gṛhītayā viveka-buddhyā sampādyāsaṃprajñāta-samādhi-sthaḥ san kiṃcid api anātmānam ātmānaṃ vā na cintayet, na vṛttyā viṣayīkuryāt | anātmākāra-vṛttau hi vyutthānam eva syāt | ātmākāra-vṛttau ca samprajñātaḥ samādhir ity asamprajñāta-samādhi-sthairyāya kām api citta-vṛttiṃ notpādayed ity arthaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : See BhG 6.24.

baladevaḥ : antimaṃ kṛtyam āha dhṛti-gṛhītayā dhāraṇāvaśīkṛtyā buddhyā mana ātma-saṃsthaṃ kṛtvātmānaṃ dhyātvā samādhāv uparameta tiṣṭhet | ātmano 'nyat kiṃcid api na cintayet | etac ca śanaiḥ śanair abhyāsa-krameṇa, na tu haṭhena ||25||

BhG 6.26

śrīdharaḥ : evam api rajo-guṇa-vaśād yadi manaḥ pracalet tarhi punaḥ pratyāhāreṇa vaśīkuryād ity āha yato yata iti | svabhāvataś cañcalaṃ dhāryamāṇam apy asthiraṃ mano yaṃ yaṃ viṣayaṃ prati nirgacchati, tatas tataḥ pratyāhṛtyātmany eva sthiraṃ kuryāt ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ nirodha-samādhiṃ kurvan yogī śabdādīnāṃ citta-vikṣepa-hetūnāṃ madhye yato yato yasmād yasmān nimittāc chabdāder viṣayād rāga-dveṣādeś ca cañcalaṃ vikṣepābhimukhaṃ san mano niścarati vikṣiptaṃ sad viṣayābhimukhīṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-smṛtīnām anyatamām api samādhi-virodhinīṃ vṛttim utpādayati, tathā laya-hetūnāṃ nidrāśeṣa-bahv-aśana-śramādīnāṃ madhye yato yato nimittād asthiraṃ layābhimukhaṃ san mano niścarati līnaṃ sat samādhi-virodhinīṃ nidrākhyāṃ vṛttim utpādayati, tatas tato vikṣepa-nimittāl laya-nimittāc ca niyamyaitan mano nirvṛttikaṃ kṛtvātmany eva sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-ghane vaśaṃ nayen nirundhyāt | yathā na vikṣipyeta na vā līyeteti | eva-kāro 'nātma-gocaratvaṃ samādher vārayati | etac ca vivṛtaṃ gauḍācārya-pādaiḥ-

yadā na līyate cittaṃ na ca vikṣipyate punaḥ | aniṅganam anābhāsaṃ niṣpannaṃ brahma tat tadā || iti pañcabhiḥ ślokaiḥ |

upāyena vakṣyamāṇena vairāgyābhyāsena kāma-bhogayor vikṣiptaṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-smṛtīnām anyatamayāpi vṛttyā pariṇataṃ mano nigṛhṇīyān nirundhyād ātmany evety arthaḥ | kāma-bhogayor iti cintyamānāvasthā-bhujyamānāvasthā-bhedena dvi-vacanam | tathā līyate 'sminn iti layaḥ suṣuptaṃ tasmin suprasannam āyāsa-varjitam api mano nigṛhṇīyād eva | suprasannaṃ cet kuto nigṛhyate ? tatrāha - yathā kāmo viṣaya-gocara-pramāṇādi-vṛtty-utpādanena samādhi-virodhī tathā layo 'pi nidrākhya-vṛtty-utpādanena samādhi-virodhī | sarva-vṛtti-nirodho hi samādhiḥ | ataḥ kāmādi-kṛta-vikṣepād iva śramādi-kṛta-layād api mano niroddhavyam ity arthaḥ |

upāyena nigṛhṇīyāt kena ? ity ucyate sarvaṃ dvaitam avidyā-vijṛmbhitam alpaṃ duḥkham evety anusmṛtya -- yo vai bhūmā tat sukhaṃ, nālpe sukham asti | [ChāU 7.23.1] atha yad alpaṃ tan martyaṃ [ChāU 7.23.1] tad duḥkham iti śruty-arthaṃ gurūpadeśād anu paścāt paryālocya kāmāṃś cintyamānāvasthān viṣayān bhogān bhujyamānāvasthāṃś ca viṣayān nivartayet | manasaḥ sakāśād iti śeṣaḥ | kāmaś ca bhogaś ca kāma-bhogaṃ tasmān mano nivartayed iti vā | evaṃ dvaita-smaraṇa-kāle vairāgya-bhāvanopāya ity arthaḥ | dvaita-vismaraṇaṃ tu paramopāya ity āha ajaṃ brahma sarvaṃ na tato 'tiriktaṃ kiṃcid astīti śāstrācāryopadeśād anantaram anusmṛtya tad-viparītaṃ dvaita-jātaṃ na paśyaty eva | adhiṣṭhāne jñāne kalpitasyābhāvāt | pūrvopāyāpekṣayā vailakṣaṇya-sūcanārthas tu-śabdaḥ |

evaṃ vairāgya-bhāvanā-tattva-darśanābhyāṃ viṣayebhyo nivartyamānaṃ cittaṃ yadi dainandina-layābhyāsa-vaśāl layābhimukhaṃ bhavet tadā nidrā-śeṣājīrṇa-bahv-aśana-śramāṇāṃ laya-kāraṇānāṃ nirodhena cittaṃ samyak prabodhayed utthāna-prayatnena | yadi punar evaṃ prabodhyamānaṃ dainandina-prabodhābhyāsa-vaśāt kāma-bhogayor vikṣiptaṃ syāt tadā vairāgya-bhāvanayā tattva-sākṣātkāreṇa ca punaḥ śamayet | evaṃ punaḥ punar abhyasyato layāt sambodhitaṃ viṣayebhyaś ca vyāvartitam | nāpi samaprāptam antarālāvasthaṃ cittaṃ stabdhībhūtaṃ, sa-kaṣāyaṃ rāga-dveṣādi-prabala-vāsanā-vaśena stabdhībhāvākhyena kaṣāyeṇa doṣeṇa yuktaṃ vijānīyāt samāhitāc cittād vivekena jānīyāt |

tataś ca nedaṃ samāhitam ity avagamya laya-vikṣepābhyām iva kaṣāyād api cittaṃ nirundhyāt | tataś ca laya-vikṣepa-kaṣāyeṣu parihṛteṣu pariśeṣāc cittena samaṃ brahma prāpyate | tac ca samaprāptaṃ cittaṃ kaṣāya-laya-bhrāntyā na cālayet, viṣayābhimukhaṃ na kuryāt | kintu dhṛti-gṛhītayā buddhyā laya-kaṣāya-prāpter vivicya tasyām eva sama-prāptāv atiyatnena sthāpayet | tatra samādhau parama-sukha-vyañjake 'pi sukhaṃ nāsvādayet | etāvantaṃ kālam ahaṃ sukhīti sukhāsvāda-rūpāṃ vṛttiṃ na kuryāt samādhi-bhaṅga-prasaṅgāt iti prāg eva kṛta-vyākhyānam | prajñayā yad upalabhyate sukhaṃ tad apy avidyā-parikalpitaṃ mṛṣaivety evaṃ-bhāvanayā niḥsaṅgo nispṛhaḥ sarva-sukheṣu bhavet |

athavā prajñayā sa-vikalpa-sukhākāra-vṛtti-rūpayā saha saṅgaṃ parityajet | na tu svarūpa-sukham api nirvṛttikena cittena nānubhavet svabhāva-prāptasya tasya vārayitum aśakyatvāt | evaṃ sarvato nivartya niścalaṃ prayatna-vaśena kṛtaṃ cittaṃ svabhāva-cāñcalyād viṣayābhimukhatayā niścarad bahir nirgacchad ekīkuryāt prayatnataḥ, nirodha-prayatnena same brahmaṇy ekatāṃ nayet |

sama-prāptaṃ cittaṃ kīdṛśam ? ity ucyate yadā na līyate nāpi stabdhībhavati tāmasatva-sāmyena laya-śabdenaiva stabdhībhāvasyopalakṣaṇāt | na ca vikṣipyate punaḥ, na śabdādy-ākāra-vṛttim anubhavati | nāpi sukham āsvādayati, rājasatva-sāmyena sukhāsvādasyāpi vikṣepa-śabdenopalakṣaṇāt | pūrvaṃ bheda-nirdeśas tu pṛthak-prayatna-karaṇāya | evaṃ laya-kaṣāyābhyāṃ vikṣepa-sukhāsvādābhyāṃ ca rahitam aniṅganam iṅganaṃ calanaṃ sa-vāta-pradīpaval layābhimukhya-rūpaṃ tad-rahitaṃ nivāta-pradīpa-kalpam | anābhāsaṃ na kenacid viṣayākāreṇābhāsata ity etat | kaṣāya-sukhāsvādayor ubhayāntarbhāva ukta eva | yadaivaṃ doṣa-catuṣṭaya-rahitaṃ cittaṃ bhavati tadā tac cittaṃ brahma niṣpannaṃ samaṃ brahma prāptaṃ bhavatīty arthaḥ |

etādṛśaś ca yogaḥ śrutyā pratipāditaḥ -

tāṃ yogam iti manyante sthirām indriya-dhāraṇām |

etan-mūlakam eva ca yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.2] iti sūtram | tasmād yuktaṃ tatas tato niyamyaitad ātmany evaṃ vaśaṃ nayed iti ||27||

baladevaḥ : yadi kadācit prāktana-sūkṣma-doṣān manaḥ pracalet tadā tat pratyāhared ity āha yata iti | yaṃ yaṃ viṣayaṃ prati mano nirgacchati, tatas tata etan mano niyamya pratyāhṛtyātmany eva niratiśaya-sukhatva-bhāvanayā vaśaṃ kuryāt ||26||

BhG 6.27

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ pratyāhārādibhiḥ punaḥ punar mano vaśīkurvan rajo-guṇa-kṣaye sati yoga-sukhaṃ prāpnotīty āha praśānteti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa śāntaṃ rajo yasya tam | ataeva praśāntaṃ mano yasya tam enaṃ niṣkalmaṣam brahmatvaṃ prāptaṃ yoginaṃ uttamam sukhaṃ samādhi-sukhaṃ svayam evopaiti prāpnoti ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ yogābhyāsa-balād ātmany eva yoginaḥ praśāmyati manaḥ | tataś ca praśānteti | prakarṣeṇa śāntaṃ nirvṛttikatayā niruddhaṃ saṃskāra-mātra-śeṣaṃ mano yasya taṃ praśānta-manasaṃ vṛtti-śūnyatayā nirmanaskam | nirmanaskatve hetu-garbhaṃ viśeṣaṇa-dvayaṃ śānta-rajasaṃ akalmaṣam iti | śāntaṃ vikṣepakaṃ rajo yasya taṃ vikṣepa-śūnyam | tathā na vidyate kalmaṣam laya-hetus tamo yasya tam akalmaṣam laya-śūnyam | śānta-rajasam ity anenaiva tamo-guṇopalakṣaṇe ' kalmaṣam saṃsāra-hetu-dharmādharmādi-varjitam iti vā | brahma-bhūtaṃ brahmaiva sarvam iti niścayena samaṃ brahma prāptaṃ jīvan-muktam enaṃ yoginam | evam uktena prakāreṇeti śrīdharaḥ | uttamaṃ niratiśayaṃ sukham upaity upagacchati | manas tad-vṛttyor abhāve suṣuptau svarūpa-sukhāvirbhāva-prasiddhiṃ dyotayati hi-śabdaḥ | tathā ca prāg-vyākhyātaṃ sukham ātyantikaṃ yat tad ity atra ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca pūrvavad eva tasya samādhisukhaṃ syād ity āha praśānteti | sukhaṃ kartṛ yoginam upaiti prāpnoti |

baladevaḥ : evaṃ prayatamānasya pūrvavad eva samādhi-sukhaṃ syād ity āha praśānteti | praśāntam ātmany acalaṃ mano yasya tam | ataevākalmaṣaṃ dagdha-prāktana-sūkṣma-doṣam | ataeva śānta-rajasam | brahma-bhūtaṃ sākṣāt-kṛta-viviktāvirbhāvitāṣṭa-guṇakātma-svarūpaṃ yoginaṃ praty uttamam ātmānubhava-rūpaṃ mahat sukhaṃ kartā svayam evopaiti ||27||

BhG 6.28

śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha yuñjann iti | evam anena prakāreṇa sarvadātmānaṃ mano yuñjan vaśīkurvan | viśeṣeṇa sarvātmanā | vigataṃ kalmaṣaṃ yasya saḥ | yogī sukhenānāyāsena brahmaṇaḥ saṃsparśo 'vidyā-nivartakaḥ sākṣātkāras tad evātyantaṃ sukham aśnute | jīvanmukto bhavatīty arthaḥ ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ sukhaṃ yoginaḥ sphuṭīkaroti yuñjann iti | evam manasaivendriya-grāmam ity ādy-ukta-krameṇātmānaṃ manaḥ sadā yuñjan samādadhad yogī yogena nitya-sambandhī vigata-kalmaṣo vigata-malaḥ saṃsāra-hetu-dharmādharma-rahitaḥ sukhenānāyāseneśvara-praṇidhānāt sarvāntarāya-nivṛttyā brahma-saṃsparśaṃ samyaktvena viṣayāsparśena saha brahmaṇaḥ sparśas tādātmyaṃ yasmiṃs tad-viṣayāsaṃsparśi brahma-svarūpam ity etat | atyantaṃ sarvānantān paricchedān atikrāntaṃ niratiśayaṃ sukham ānandam aśnute vyāpnoti, sarvato-nirvṛttikena cittena laya-vikṣepa-vilakṣaṇam anubhavati, vikṣepe vṛtti-sattvāt, laye ca manaso 'pi svarūpeṇāsattvāt | sarva-vṛtti-śūnyena sūkṣmeṇa manasā sukhānubhavaḥ samādhāv evety arthaḥ |

atra cānāyāsenety antarāya-nivṛttir uktā | te cāntarāyā darśitā yoga-sūtreṇa - vyādhi-styāna-saṃśaya-pramādālasyāvirati-bhrānti-darśanālabdha-bhūmikatvānavasthitatvāni citta-vikṣepās te 'ntarāyāḥ [YogaS 1.30] | cittaṃ vikṣipanti yogād apanayantīti citta-vikṣepā yoga-pratipakṣāḥ | saṃśaya-bhrānti-darśane tāvad vṛtti-rūpatayā vṛtti-nirodhasya sākṣāt-pratipakṣau | vyādhy-ādayas tu sapta vṛtti-sahacaritatayā tat-pratipakṣā ity arthaḥ | vyādhir dhātu-vaiṣamya-nimitto vikāro jvarādiḥ | styānam akarmaṇyatā guruṇā śikṣyamāṇasyāpy āsanādi-karmānarhateti yāvat | yogaḥ sādhanīyo na vety ubhaya-koṭi-spṛg-vijñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ | sa cātad-rūpa-pratiṣṭhatvena viparyayāntargato 'pi sann ubhaya-koṭi-sparśitvaika-koṭi-sparśitva-rūpāvāntara-viśeṣa-vivakṣayātra viparyayād bhedenoktaḥ | pramādaḥ samādhi-sādhanānām anuṣṭhāna-sāmarthye 'py ananuṣṭhāna-śīlatā viṣayāntara vyāpratatayā yoga-sādhaneṣv audāsīnyam iti yāvat | ālasyaṃ satyām apy audāsīnya-pracyutau kaphādinā tamasā ca kāya-cittayor gurutvam | tac ca vyādhitvenāprasiddham api yoga-viṣaye pravṛtti-virodhi | aviratiś cittasya viṣaya-viśeṣa aikāntiko 'bhilāṣaḥ | bhrānti-darśanaṃ yogāsādhane 'pi tat-sādhanatva-buddhis tathā tat-sādhane 'piy asādhanatva-buddhiḥ | alabdha-bhūmikatvaṃ samādhi-bhūmer ekāgratāyā alābhaḥ | kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣipta-rūpatvam iti yāvat | anavasthitatvaṃ labdhāyām api samādhi-bhūmau prayatna-śaithilyāc cittasya tatrāpratiṣṭhitatvam | ta ete citta-vikṣepā nava yogamalā yoga-pratipakṣā yogāntarāyā iti cābhidhīyante |

duḥkha-daurmanasyāṅgam ejayatva-śvāsa-praśvāsā vikṣepa-saha-bhuvaḥ [YogaS 1.31] duḥkhaṃ cittasya rājasaḥ pariṇāmo bādhanālakṣaṇaḥ | tac cādhyātmikaṃ śārīraṃ mānasaṃ ca vyādhi-vaśāt kāmādi-vaśāc ca bhavati | ādhibhautikaṃ graha-pīḍādi-janitaṃ dveṣākhya-viparyaya-hetutvāt samādhi-virodhi | daurmanasyam icchā-vighātādi-balavad duḥkhānubhava-janitaś cittasya tāmasaḥ pariṇāma-viśeṣaḥ kṣobhā-para-paryāyaḥ stabdhībhāvaḥ | sa tu kaṣāyatvāl laya-vat samādhi-virodhī | aṅgam ejayatvam aṅga-kampanam āsana-sthairya-virodhi | prāṇena bāhyasya vāyor antaḥ-praveśanaṃ śvāsaḥ samādhy-aṅga-recaka-virodhī | prāṇana koṣṭhyasya vāyor bahir niḥsaraṇaṃ praśvāsaḥ samādhy-aṅga-pūraka-virodhī | samāhita-cittasyaite na bhavanti vikṣipta-cittasyaiva bhavantīti vikṣepa-sahabhuvo 'ntarāyā eva | ete 'bhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ niroddhavyāḥ | īśvara-praṇidhānena vā | tīvra-saṃvegānām āsanne [YogaS 1.21] samādhi-lābhe prastuta īśvara-praṇidhānād vā [YogaS 1.23] iti pakṣāntaram uktvā praṇidheyam īśvaraṃ kleśa-karma-vipākāśayair aparāmṛṣṭaḥ puruṣa-viśeṣa īśvaraḥ | tatra niratiśayaṃ sarvajñatva-bījam | sa pūrveṣām api guruḥ kālenānavacchedāt [YogaS 1.24-6] iti tribhiḥ sūtraiḥ pratipādya tat-praṇidhānaṃ dvābhyām asūtrayat -- tasya vācakaḥ praṇavaḥ | taj-japas tad-artha-bhāvanam [YogaS 1.27-8] iti | tataḥ pratyak-cetanādhigamo 'py antarāyābhāvaś ca [YogaS 1.29] tataḥ praṇava-japa-rūpāt tad-artha-dhyāna-rūpāc ceśvara-praṇidhānāt pratyak-cetanasya puruṣasya prakṛti-vivekenādhigamaḥ sākṣātkāro bhavati | uktānām antarāyāṇām abhāvo 'pi bhavatīty arthaḥ |

abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām antarāya-nivṛttau kartavyāyām abhyāsa-dārḍhyārtham āha -- tat-pratiṣedhārtham eka-tattvābhyāsaḥ [YogaS 1.32] | teṣām antarāyāṇāṃ pratiṣedhārtahm ekasmin kasmiṃścid abhimate tattve 'bhyāsaś cetasaḥ punaḥ punar niveśanaṃ kāryam | tathā -- maitrī-karuṇā-muditopekṣaṇāṃ sukha-duḥkha-puṇyāpuṇya-viṣayāṇāṃ bhāvanātaś citta-prasādanam [YogaS 1.33] | maitrī sauhārdaṃ, karuṇā kṛpā, muditā harṣaḥ, upekṣaudāsīnyam, sukhādi-śabdais tadvantaḥ pratipādyante | sarva-prāṇiṣu sukha-sambhogāpanneṣu sādhv etan mama mitrāṇāṃ sukhitvam iti maitrīṃ bhāvayet | na tv īrṣyām | duḥkhiteṣu kathaṃ nu nāmaiṣā duḥkha-nivṛttiḥ syād iti kṛpām eva bhāvayet | nopekṣāṃ na vā harṣam | puṇyavatsu puṇyānumodanena harṣaṃ kuryān na tu vidveṣaṃ na copekṣām | apuṇyavatsu caudāsīnyam eva bhāvayen nānumodanaṃ na vā dveṣam | evam asya bhāvayataḥ śuklo dharma upajāyate | tataś ca vigata-rāga-dveṣādi-malaṃ cittaṃ prasannaṃ sad ekāgratā-yogyaṃ bhavati | maitry-ādi-catuṣṭayaṃ copalakṣaṇam abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādīnām amānitvam adambhitvam ity ādīnāṃ ca dharmāṇām, sarveṣām eteṣāṃ śubha-vāsanā-rūpatvena malina-vāsanā-nivartakatvāt | rāga-dveṣau mahā-śatrū sarva-puruṣārtha-pratibandhakau mahatā prayatnena parihartavyāv ity etat-sūtrārthaḥ |

evam anye 'pi prāṇāyāmādaya upāyāś citta-prasādanāya darśitāḥ | tad etac citta-prasādanaṃ bhagavad-anugraheṇa yasya jātaṃ taṃ praty evaitad vacanam - sukheneti | anyathā manaḥ-praśamānupapatteḥ ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca kṛtārtha eva bhavatīty āha yuñjann iti | sukham aśnute jīvan-mukta eva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||28||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkārānantaraṃ paramātma-sākṣātkāraś ca labhata ity āha yuñjann iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa ātmānaṃ svaṃ yuñjan yogenānubhavata tenaiva vigata-kalmaṣo dagdha-sarva-doṣo yogī sukhenānāyāsena brahma-saṃsparśaṃ paramātmānubhavam atyantam aparimitaṃ sukham aśnute prāpnoti ||28||

BhG 6.29

śrīdharaḥ : brahma-sākṣātkāram eva darśayati sarva-bhūta-stham iti | yogenābhyasyamānena yuktātmā samāhita-cittaḥ | sarvatra samaṃ brahmaiva paśyatīti sama-darśanaḥ | tathā sa svam ātmānam avidyākṛta-dehādi-pariccheda-śūnyaṃ sarva-bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣv avasthitaṃ paśyati | tāni cātmany abhedena paśyati ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ nirodha-samādhinā tvaṃ-pada-lakṣye tat-pada-lakṣye ca śuddhe sākṣātkṛte tadaikya-gocarā tattvam asīti vedānta-vākya-janyā nirvikalpaka-sākṣātkāra-rūpā vṛttir brahma-vidyābhidhānā jāyate | tataś ca kṛtsnāvidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā brahma-sukham atyantam aśnuta ity upapādayati tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ | tatra prathamaṃ tva-pada-lakṣyopasthitim āha sarveti |

sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgameṣu śarīreṣu bhoktṛtayā sthitam ekam eva vibhum ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanaṃ sākṣiṇaṃ paramārtha-satyam ānanda-ghanaṃ sākṣyebhyo 'nṛta-jaḍa-paricchinna-duḥkha-rūpebhyo vivekenekṣate sākṣātkaroti | tasmiṃś cātmani sākṣiṇi sarvāṇi bhūtāni sākṣyāṇy ādhyāsikena sambandhena bhogyatayā kalpitāni sākṣi-sākṣyayoḥ sambandhāntarānupapatter mithyā-bhūtāni paricchinnāni jaḍāni duḥkhātmakāni sākṣiṇo vivekenekṣate |

kaḥ ? yoga-yuktātmā yogena nirvikcāra-vaiśāradya-rūpeṇa yuktaṃ prasādaṃ prāpta ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa tathā | tathā ca prāg evoktaṃ - nirvicāra-vaiśāradye 'dhyātma-prasādaḥ [YogaS 1.47] ṛtaṃbharā tatra prajñā [YogaS 1.48] śrutānumāna-prajñābhyām anya-viṣayā viśeṣārthatvāt [YogaS 1.49] iti | tathā ca śabdānumānāgocara-yathārtha-viśeṣa-vastu-gocara-yoga-pratyakṣeṇa ṛtaṃbhara-saṃjñena yugapat sūkṣmaṃ vyavahitaṃ viprakṛṣṭaṃ ca sarvaṃ tulyam eva paśyatīti sarvatra samaṃ darśanaṃ yasyeti sarvatra sama-darśanaḥ sann ātmānam anātmānaṃ ca yoga-yuktātmā yathā-sthitam īkṣata iti yuktam |

athavā yo yoga-yuktātmā yo vā sarvatra-sama-darśanaḥ sa ātmānam īkṣata iti yogi-sama-darśināv ātmekṣaṇādhikāriṇāv uktau | yathā hi citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ sākṣi-sākṣātkāra-hetus tathā jaḍa-vivekena sarvānusyūta-caitanya-pṛthak-karaṇam api | nāvaśyaṃ yoga evāpekṣitaḥ | ata evāha vasiṣṭhaḥ -

asādhyaḥ kasyacid yogaḥ kasyacit tattva-niścayaḥ | prakārau dvau tato devo jagāda paramaḥ śivaḥ || iti |

citta-nāśasya sākṣiṇaḥ sakāśāt tad-upādhi-bhūta-cittasya pṛthak-karaṇāt tad-adarśanasya | tasyopāya-dvayam - eko 'samprajñāta-samādhiḥ | samprajñāta-samādhau hi ātmaikākāra-vṛtti-pravāha-yuktam antaḥ-karaṇa-sattvaṃ sākṣiṇānubhūyate niruddha-sarva-vṛttikaṃ tūpaśāntatvān nānubhūyata iti viśeṣaḥ | dvitīyas tu sākṣiṇi kalpitaṃ sākṣyam anṛtatvān nāsty eva sākṣy eva tu paramārtha-satyaḥ kevalo vidyata iti vicāraḥ | tatra pratamam upāyaṃ prapañca-paramārthatā-vādino hairaṇyagarbhādayaḥ prapedire | teṣāṃ paramārthasya cittasyādarśanena sākṣi-darśane nirodhātiriktopāya-sambhavāt | śrīmac-chaṅkara-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-matopajīvinas tv aupaniṣadāḥ prapañcānṛtatva-vādino dvitīyam evopāyam upeyuḥ | teṣāṃ hy adhiṣṭhāna-jñāna-dārḍhye sati tatra kalpitasya bādhitasya cittasya tad-dṛśyasya cādarśanam anāyāsenaivopapadyate | ataeva bhagavat-pūjya-pādāḥ kutrāpi brahma-vidāṃ yogāpekṣāṃ na vyutpādayāṃ babhūva | ataeva caupaniṣadāḥ paramahaṃsāḥ śraute vedānta-vākya-vicāra eva gurum upasṛtya pravartante brahma-sākṣātkārāya na tu yoge | vicāreṇaiva citta-doṣa-nirākaraṇena tasyānyathā-siddhatvād iti kṛtam adhikena ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : jīvan-muktasya tasya brahma-sākṣātkāraṃ darśayati sarva-bhūta-stham ātmānam iti | paramātmanaḥ sarva-bhūtādhiṣṭhātṛtvam ātmanīti paramātmanaḥ sarva-bhūtādhiṣṭhānaṃ ca | īkṣate aparokṣatayānubhavati | yoga-yuktātmā brahmākārāntaḥkaraṇaḥ | samaṃ brahmaiva paśyatīti sama-darśanaḥ ||29||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ niṣpaṇṇa-samādhiḥ pratyakṣita-sva-parātma-yogī parātmanaḥ sarvagatatvaṃ tad anyātmanāṃ druhiṇādīnāṃ sarveṣāṃ tad-āśrayatvaṃ tasyāviṣayamatvaṃ cānubhavatīty āha sarveti | yoga-yuktātmā siddha-samādhis tad ātmānaṃ ātatatvāc ca mātṛtvād ātmā hi paramo hariḥ iti smṛteḥ | yo mām iti vivaraṇāc ca paramātmānaṃ sarva-bhūta-stham nikhilaṃ jīvāntaryāmiṇam īkṣate | ātmani tasminn āśraya-bhūte sarva-bhūtāni ca tam eva sarva-jīvāśrayaṃ cekṣate | sa ity āha sarvatreti | tat tat-karmānuguṇyenoccāvacatayā sṛṣṭeṣu sarveṣu jīveṣu

BhG 6.30

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtātma-jñāne ca sarva-bhūtātmayā mad-upāsanaṃ mukhyaṃ kāraṇam ity āha yo mām iti | māṃ parameśvaraṃ sarvatra bhūta-mātre yaḥ paśyati | sarvaṃ ca prāṇi-mātraṃ mayi yaḥ paśyati | tasyāhaṃ na praṇaśyāmy adṛśyo na bhavāmi | sa ca mamādṛśyo na bhavati | pratyakṣo bhūtvā kṛpā-dṛṣṭyā taṃ vilokyānugṛhṇāmīty arthaḥ ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ śuddhaṃ tva-padārthaṃ nirūpya śuddhaṃ tat-padārthaṃ nirūpayati yo mām iti | yo yogī mām īśvaraṃ tat-padārtham aśeṣa-prapañca-kāraṇa-māyopādhikam upādhi-vivekena sarvatra prapañce sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa cānusyūtaṃ sarvopādhi-vinirmuktaṃ paramārtha-satyaam ānanda-ghanam anantaṃ paśyati yoga-jena pratyakṣeṇāparokṣīkaroti | tathā sarvaṃ ca prapañca-jātaṃ māyayā mayy āropitaṃ mad-bhinnatayā mṛṣātvenaiva paśyati | tasyaivaṃ-viveka-darśino 'haṃ tat-padārtho bhagavān na praṇaśyāmi | īśvaraḥ kaścin mad-bhinno 'stīti parokṣa-jñāna-viṣayo na bhavāmi, kintu yogajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayo bhavāmi | yadyappi vākyajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayatvaṃ tvaṃ-padārthābhedenaiva tathāpi kevalasyāpi tat-padārthasya yogajāparokṣa-jñāna-viṣayatvam upapadyata eva | evaṃ yogajena pratyakṣeṇa mām aparokṣīkurvan sa ca me na praṇaśyati parokṣo na bhavati | svātmā hi mama sa vidvān atipriyatvāt sarvadā mad-aparokṣa-jñāna-gocaro bhavati | ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham [Gītā 4.11] ity ukteḥ | tathiava śara-śayyā-stha-bhīṣma-dhyānasya yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhagavatokteḥ | avidvāṃs tu svātmānam api santaṃ bhagavantaṃ na parśyati | ato bhagavān paśyann api taṃ na paśyati | sa enam avidito na bhunakti [BAU 1.4.15] iti śruteḥ | vidvāṃs tu sadaiva saṃnihito bhagavato 'nugraha-bhājanam ity arthaḥ ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : evam aparokṣānubhavinaḥ phalam āha yo mām iti | tasyāhaṃ brahma na praṇaśyāmi nāpratyakṣībhavāmi | tathā mat-pratyakṣatāyāṃ śāśvatikyāṃ satyāṃ sa yogī me mad-upāsako na praṇaśyati na kadācid api bhraśyati ||30||

baladevaḥ : etad vivṛṇvan tathātva-darśinaḥ phalam āha yo mām iti | tasya tādṛśasya yogino 'haṃ paramātmā na praṇaśyāmi nādṛśyo bhavāmi | sa ca yogī me na praṇaśyati nādṛśyo bhavati | āvayor mithaḥ-sākṣātkṛtiḥ sarvadā bhavatīty arthaḥ ||30||

BhG 6.31

śrīdharaḥ : na caivaṃ-bhūto vidhi-kiṅkaraḥ syād ity āha sarva-bhūta-sthitam iti | sarva-bhūteṣu sthitaṃ mām abhedam āsthita āśrito yo bhajati sa yogī jñānī sarvathā karma-parityāgenāpi vartamāno mayy eva vartate mucyate | na tu bhraśyatīty arthaḥ ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tvaṃ-padārthaṃ tat-padārthaṃ ca śuddhaṃ nirūpya tattvam asīti vākyārthaṃ nirūpayati sarva-bhūtam iti | sarveṣu bhūteṣv adhiṣṭhānatayā sthitaṃ sarvānusyūta-san-mātraṃ mām īśvaraṃ tat-pada-lakṣyaṃ svena tvaṃ-pada-lakṣyeṇa sahaikatvam atyantābhedam āsthito ghaṭākāśo mahākāśa ity atrevopādhi-bheda-nirākaraṇena niścinvan yo bhajati ahaṃ brahmāsmīti vedānta-vākyajena sākṣātkāreṇāparokṣīkaroti so 'vidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā jīvanmuktaḥ kṛta-kṛtya eva bhavati | yāvat tu tasya bādhitānuvṛttyā śarīrādi-darśanam anuvartate tāvat prārabhda-karma-prābalyāt sarva-karma-tyāgena vā yājñavalkyādivat | vihitena karmaṇā vā janakādivat, pratiṣiddhena karmaṇā vā dattātreyādivat | sarvathā yena kenāpi rūpeṇa vartamāno 'pi vyavaharann aḸ sa yogī brahmāham asamīti vidvān mayi paramātmany evābhedena vartate | sarvathā tasya mokṣaṃ prati nāsti pratibandha-śaṅkā tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśata ātmā hy eṣāṃ sa bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | devā mahā-prabhāvā api tasya mokṣābhavanāya neśate kim utānye kṣudrā ity arthaḥ | brahma-vido niṣiddha-karmaṇi pravartakayo rāga-dveṣayor asambhavena niṣiddha-karmāsambhave 'pi tad aṅgīkṛtya jñāna-stuty-artham idam uktaṃ sarvathā vartamāno 'pīti hatvāpi sa imān lokān na hanti na nibadhyate [Gītā 18.17] itivat ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ mad-aparokṣānubhavāt pūrva-daśāyām api sarvatra parātma-bhāvanayā bhajato yogino na vidhi-kaiṅkaryam ity āha sarveti | paramātmaiva sarva-karaṇatvād eko 'stīty ekatvam āsthitaḥ san yo bhajati, śravaṇa-smaraṇādi-bhajana-yukto bhavati, sa sarvathā śāstroktaṃ karma kurvann akurvan vā vartamāno mayi vartate, na tu saṃsāre ||31||

baladevaḥ : sa yogī mamācintya-svarūpa-śaktim anubhavann atipriyo bhavatīty āśayavān āha sarveti | sarveṣāṃ jīvānāṃ hṛdayeṣu prādeśa-mātraś caturbāhur atasī-puṣpa-prabhaś cakrādidharo 'haṃ pṛthak pṛthaṅ nivasāmi | teṣu bahūnāṃ mad-vigrahāṇām ekatvam abhedam āśrito yo māṃ bhajati dhyāyati, so yogī sarvathā vartamāno vyutthāna-kāle sva-vihitaṃ karma kurvann akurvan vā mayi vartate mamācintya-śaktikatva-dharmānubhava-mahimnā nirdagdha-kāma-cāra-doṣo mat-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇaṃ mokṣaṃ vindati, na tu saṃsāram ity arthaḥ | śrutiś ca harer acintya-śatkikatām āha eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti iti | smṛtiś ca -

eka eva paro viṣṇuḥ sarva-vyāpī na saṃśayaḥ | aiśvaryād rūpam ekaṃ ca sūryavad bahudheyate || iti ||31||

BhG 6.32

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ ca māṃ bhajatāṃ yogināṃ madhye sarva-bhūtānukampī śreṣṭha ity āha ātmaupamyeneti | ātmaupamyena sva-sādṛśyena | yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkhaṃ cāpriyaṃ tathānyeṣāṃ apīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukham eva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati | na tu kasyāpi duḥkham | sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimata ity arthaḥ ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam utpanne 'pi tatva-bodhe kaścin mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayayor abhāvāj jīvanmukti-sukhaṃ nānubhavati citta-vikṣepeṇa ca dṛṣṭa-duḥkham anubhavati so 'paramo yogī deha-pāte kaivalya-bhāgitvāt | deha-sad-bhāva-paryantaṃ ca dṛṣṭa-duḥkhānubhavāt | tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayāṇāṃ tu yugapad abhyāsād dṛṣṭa-duḥkha-nivṛtti-pūrvakaṃ jīvanmukti-sukham anubhavan prārabdha-karma-vaśāt samādher vyutthāna-kāle kiṃ syāt ? ity ucyata ātmaupamyeneti |

ātmaivaupamyam upamā tenātma-dṛṣṭāntena sarvatra prāṇi-jāte sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ samaṃ tulyaṃ yaḥ paśyati svasyāniṣṭaṃ yathā na sampādayati evaṃ parasyāpy aniṣṭaṃ yo na sampādayati pradveṣa-śūnyatvāt, sa nirvāsanatayopaśānta-manā yogī brahmavit paramaḥ śreṣṭho mataḥ pūrvasmāt, he arjuna | atas tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayāṇām akramam abhyāsāya mahān prayatna āstheya ity arthaḥ |

tatredaṃ sarvaṃ dvaita-jātam advitīye cid-ānandātmani māyayā kalpitatvān mṛṣaivātmaivaikaḥ paramārtha-satyaḥ sac-cid-ānandādvayo 'ham asmīti jñānaṃ tattva-jñānaṃ pradīpa-jvālā-santānavad vṛtti-santāna-rūpeṇa pariṇamamānam antaḥ-karaṇa-dravyaṃ mananātmakatvān mana ity ucyate | tasya nāśe nāma vṛtti-rūpa-pariṇāmaṃ parityajya sarva-vṛtti-nirodhinā nirodhākāreṇa pariṇāmaḥ | pūrvāpara-parāmarśam antareṇa sahasotpadyamānasya krodhādi-vṛtti-viśeṣasya hetuś citta-gataḥ saṃskāra-viśeṣo vāsanā pūrva-pūrvābhyāsena citte vāsyamānatvāt | tasyāḥ kṣayo nāma viveka-janyāyāṃ citta-praśama-vāsanāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ saty api bāhye nimitte krodhādy-anutpattiḥ | tatra tattva-jñāne sati mithyā-bhūte jagati nara-viṣāṇādāv iva dhī-vṛtty-anudayād ātmanaś ca dṛṣṭatvena punar-vṛtty-anupayogān nirandhanāgnivan mano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi saṃskārodbodhakasya bāhyasya nimittasyāpratītau vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ vāsanāyāṃ hetv-abhāvena krodhādi-vṛtty-anudayān mano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi śama-damādi-sampattyā tattva-jñānam udeti | evam utpanne tattva-jñāne rāga-dveṣādi-rūpā vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ ca vāsanāyāṃ pratibandhābhāvāt tattva-jñānodaya iti paraspara-kāraṇatvaṃ darśanīyam |

tasmād rāghava yatnena pauruṣeṇa vivekinā | bhogecchāṃ dūratas tyaktvā trayam etat samāśraya || iti | pauruṣo yatnaḥ kenāpy upāyenāvaśyaṃ sampādayiṣyāmīty evaṃ-vidhotsāha-rūpo nirbandhaḥ | viveko nāma vivicya niścayaḥ | tattva-jñānasya śravaṇādikaṃ sādhanaṃ mano-nāśasya yogaḥ vāsanā-kṣayasya pratikūla-vāsanotpādanam iti | etādṛśa-viveka-yuktena pauruṣeṇa prayatnena bhogecchāyāḥ svalpāyā api haviṣā kṛṣṇa-vartmeveti nyāyena vāsanā-vṛddhi-hetutvād dūrata ity uktam |

dvividho hi vidyādhikārī kṛtopāstir akṛtopāstiś ca | tatra ya upāsya-sākṣātkāra-paryantām upāstiṃ kṛtvā tattva-jñānāya pravṛttas tasya vāsanā-kṣaya-mano-nāśaayor dṛḍhataratvena jñānād ūrdhvaṃ jīvan-muktiḥ svata eva sidhyati | idānīṃtanas tu prāyeṇākṛtopāstir eva mumukṣur autsukya-mātrāt sahasā vidyāyāṃ pravartate | yogaṃ vinā cij-jaḍa-viveka-mātreṇaiva ca mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayau tātkālikau sampādya śama-damādi-sampattyā śravana-manana-nididhyāsanāni sampādayati | taiś ca dṛḍhābhyastaiḥ sarva-bandha-vicchedi tattva-jñānam udeti | avidyā-granthi-brahmatvaṃ hṛdaya-granthiḥ saṃśayāḥ karmāṇy asarva-kāmatvaṃ mṛtyuḥ punar janma cety aneka-vidho bandho jñānān nivartate | tathā ca śrūyate - yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ so 'vidyā-granthiṃ vikiratīha somya [] brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati []

satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma | yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ parame vyoman | so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha [TaittU 1.1] tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8]

ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] ity asarvatva-nivṛtti-phalam udāhāryam | seyaṃ videha-muktiḥ saty api dehe jñānotpatti-sama-kālīnā jñeyā | brahmaṇy avidyādhyāropitānām eteṣāṃ bandhānām avidyā-nāśe sati nivṛttau punar utpatty-asambhavāt | ataḥ śaithilya-hetv-abhāvāt tattva-jñānaṃ tasyānuvartate | mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayautu dṛḍhābhyāsābhāvād bhoga-pradena prārabdhena karmaṇā bādhyamānatvāc ca savāta-pradeśa-pradīpavat sahasā nivartete | ata idānīṃtanasya tattva-jñāninaḥ prāk-siddhe tattva-jñāne na prayatnāpekṣā | kiṃ tu mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayau prayatna-sādhyāv iti | tatra mano-nāśao 'samprajñāta-samādhi-nirūpaṇena nirūpitaḥ prāk | vāsanā-kṣayas tv idānīṃ nirūpyate |

tatra vāsanā-svarūpaṃ vasiṣṭha āha -

atra ca sva-sva-deśācāra-kula-dharma-svabhāva-bheda-tad-gatāpaśabda-su-śabdādiṣu prāṇinām abhiniveśaḥ sāmānyenodāharaṇam | sā ca vāsanā dvividhā malinā śuddhā ca | śuddhā daivī sampat | śāstra-saṃskāra-prābalyāt tattva-jñāna-sādhanatvenaika-rūpaiva | malinā tu trividhā loka-vāsanā śāstra-vāsanā deha-vāsanā ceti | sarve janā yathā na nindanti tathaivācariṣyāmīty aśakyārthābhiniveśo loka-vāsanā | tasyāś ca ko lokam ārādhayituṃ samartha iti nyāyena sampādayitum aśakyatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvāc ca malinatvam | śāstra-vāsanā tu trividhā pāṭha-vyasanaṃ bahu-śāstra-vyasanam anuṣṭhāna-vyasanaṃ ceti krameṇa bharadvājasya durvāsaso nidāghasya ca prasiddhā | malinatvaṃ cāsyāḥ kleśāvahatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvād darpa-hetutvāj janma-hetutvāc ca | deha-vāsanāpi trividhā ātmatva-bhrāntir guṇādhāna-bhrāntir guṇādhāna-bhrāntir doṣāpanayana-bhrāntiś ceti | tatrātmatva-bhrāntir virocanādiṣu prasiddhā sārvalaukikī | guṇādhānaṃ dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | samīcīna-śabdādi-viṣaya-sampādanaṃ laukikaṃ, gaṅgā-snāna-śālagrāma-tīrthādi-sampādanaṃ śāstrīyam | doṣāpanayanam api dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | cikitsakoktair auṣadhair vyādhy-ādy-apanayanaṃ laukikaṃ, vaidika-snānācamanādibhir aśaucādy-apanayanaṃ vaidikam | etasyāś ca sarva-prakārāyā malinatvam aprāmāṇikatvād aśakyatvāt puruṣārthānupayogitvāt punar-janma-hetutvāc ca | tad etal-loka-śāstra-deha-vāsanā-trayam avivekanām upādeyatvena pratibhāsamānam api vividiṣor vedanotpatti-virodhitvād viduṣo jñāna-niṣṭhā-virodhitvāc ca vivekibhir heyam |

tad evaṃ bāhya-viṣaya-vāsanā trividhā nirūpitā | ābhyantara-vāsanā tu kāma-krodha-dambha-darpādy-āsura-sampad-rūpā sarvānartha-mūlaṃ mānasī vāsanety ucyate | tad evaṃ bāhyābhyantara-vāsanā-catuṣṭayasya śuddha-vāsanayā kṣayaḥ sampādanīyaḥ | tad uktaṃ vasiṣṭhena -

mānasīr vāsanāḥ pūrvaṃ tyaktvā viṣaya-vāsanāḥ | maitryādi-vāsanā rāma gṛhāṇāmala-vāsanāḥ || iti |

tatra viṣaya-vāsanā-śabdena pūrvoktās tisro loka-śāstra-veda-vāsanā vivakṣitāḥ | mānasa-vāsanā-śabdena kāma-krodha-dambha-darpādy-āsura-sampad-vivakṣitā | yad vā śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhā viṣayāḥ | teṣāṃ bhujyamānatva-daśā-janyaḥ saṃskāro viṣaya-vāsanā | kāmyamānatva-daśā-janyaḥ saṃskāro mānasa-vāsanā | asmin pakṣe pūrvoktānāṃ catasṛṇām anayor evāntarbhāvaḥ | bāhyābhyanara-vyatirekeṇa vāsanāntarāsambhavāt | tāsāṃ vāsanānāṃ parityāgo nāma tad-viruddha-maitry-ādi-vāsanotpādanam | tāś ca maitry-ādi-vāsanā bhagavatā patañjalinā sūtritāḥ prāk saṃkṣepeṇa vyākhyātā api punar vyākhyāyante |

cittaṃ hi rāga-dveṣa-puṇya-pāpaiḥ kaluṣīkriyate | tatra sukhānuśayī rāgaḥ [YogaS 2.7] | mohād anubhūyamānaṃ sukham anuśete kaścid dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣo rājasaḥ sarvaṃ sukha-jātīyaṃ me bhūyād iti | tac ca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-sāmagry-abhāvāt sampādayitum aśakyam | ataḥ sa rāgaś cittaṃ kaluṣīkaroti | yadā tu sukhiu prāṇiṣv ayaṃ maitrīṃ bhāvayet sarve 'py ete sukhino madīyā iti tadā tat sukhaṃ svakīyam eva sampannam iti bhāvayatas tatra rāgo nivartate | yathā svasya rājya-nivṛttāv api putrādi-rājyam eva svakīyaṃ rājyaṃ tadvat | nivṛtte ca rāge varṣāvyapāye jalam iva cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ [YogaS 2.8] duḥkham anuśete kaścd dhī-vṛtti-viśeṣas tamo 'nugata-rajaḥ-pariṇāma īdṛśaṃ sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ sarvadā me mā bhūd iti | tac ca śatru-vyāghrādiṣu satsya na nivārayituṃ śakyam | na ca sarve te duḥkha-hetavo hantuṃ śakyante | ataḥ sa dveṣaḥ sadā hṛdayaṃ dahati | yadā tu svasyeva pareṣāṃ sarveṣām api duḥkham mā bhūd iti karuṇāṃ duḥkhiṣu bhāvayet tadā vairyādi-dveṣa-nivṛttau cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā ca smaryate -

prāṇā yathātmano 'bhīṣṭā bhūtānām api te tathā | ātmaupamyena bhūteṣu dayāṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ || iti |

etad evehāpy uktam - ātmaupamyena sarvatrety ādi | tathā prāṇinaḥ svabhāvata eva puṇyaṃ nānutiṣṭhanti pāpaṃ tv anutiṣṭhanti | tad āhuḥ -

puṇyasya phalam icchanti puṇyaṃ necchanti mānavāḥ | na pāpa-phalam icchanti pāpaṃ kurvanti yatnataḥ || iti |

te ca puṇya-pāpe akriyamāṇa-kriyamāṇe paścāt-tāpaṃ janayataḥ | sa ca śrutyānūditaḥ - kim ahaṃ sādhu nākaravaṃ kim ahaṃ pāpam akaravam iti | yady asau puṇya-puruṣeṣu muditāṃ bhāvayet tadā tad-vāsanāvān svayam evāpramatto 'śukla-kṛṣṇe puṇye pravartate | tad uktaṃ karmāśukla-kṛṣṇaṃ yoginas trividham itareṣām ayogināṃ trividhaṃ śuklaṃ śubhaṃ kṛṣṇam aśubhaṃ śukla-kṛṣṇaṃ śubhāśubham iti | tathā pāpa-puruṣeṣūpekṣāṃ bhāvayan svayam api tad-vāsanāvān pāpān nivartate |

tataś ca puṇyākaraṇa-pāpa-karaṇa-nimittasya paścāt-tāpasyābhāve cittaṃ prasīdati | evaṃ sukhiṣu maitrīṃ bhāvayato na kevalaṃ rāgo nivartate kiṃtv asūyerṣyādayo 'pi nivartante | para-guṇeṣu doṣāviṣkaraṇam asūyā | para-guṇānām asahanam īrṣyā | yadā maitrī-vaśāt para-sukhaṃ svīyam eva sampannaṃ tadā para-guṇeṣu katham asūyādikaṃ sambhavet | tathā duḥkhiṣu karuṇāṃ bhāvayataḥ śatru-vadhādikaro dveṣo yadā nivartate tadā duḥkhitva-pratiyogika-svasukhitva-prayukta-darpo 'pi nivartate | evaṃ doṣāntara-nivṛttir apy ūhanīyā vāsiṣṭha-rāmāyaṇādiṣu |

tad evaṃ tattva-jñānaṃ mano-nāśo vāsanā-kṣayaś ceti trayam abhyasanīyam | tatra kenāpi dvāreṇa punaḥ punas tattvānusmaraṇaṃ tattva-jñānābhyāsaḥ | tad uktam -

sargādāv eva notpannaṃ dṛśyaṃ nāsty eva tat sadā | idaṃ jagad ahaṃ ceti bodhābhyāsaṃ viduḥ param || iti |

dṛśyāvabhāsa-virodhi-yogābhyāso mano-nirodhābhyāsaḥ | tad uktam -

atyantābhāva-sampattau jñātur jñeyasya vastunaḥ | yuktyā śāstrair yatante ye te 'py atrābhyāsinaḥ sthitāḥ || iti |

jñātṛ-jñeyor mithyātva-dhīra-bhāva-sampattiḥ | svarūpeṇāpy apratītir atyantābhāva-sampattis tad-artham | yuktyā yogena |

iti rāga-dveṣādi-kṣīṇatā-rūpa-vāsanā-kṣayābhyāsa uktaḥ | tasmād upapannam etat tattva-jñānābhyāsena mano-nāśābhyāsena vāsanā-kṣayābhyāsena ca rāga-dveṣa-śūnyatayā yaḥ sva-para-sukha-duḥkhādiṣu sama-dṛṣṭiḥ sa paramo yogī mato yas tu viṣama-dṛṣṭiḥ sa tattva-jñānavān apy aparamo yogīti ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca, sādhana-daśāyāṃ yogī sarvatra samaḥ syād ity uktam | tatra mukhyaṃ sāmyaṃ vyacaṣṭe ātmaupamyeneti | sukhaṃ vā duḥkhaṃ veti yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkham apriyaṃ, tathaivānyeṣām apīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukham eva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati, na tu kasyāpi duḥkham, sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimataḥ ||32||

baladevaḥ : sarva-bhūta-hite rataḥ iti yat prāg uktaṃ, tad viśadayati ātmaupamyeneti | vyutthāna-daśāyām ātmaupamyena sva-sādṛśyena sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca yaḥ sarvatra samaṃ paśyati | svasyeva parasya sukham evecchati, na tu duḥkham, sa sva-para-sukha-duḥkha-sama-dṛṣṭiḥ sarvānukampī yogī mama paramaḥ śreṣṭho 'bhimataḥ | tad-viṣama-dṛṣṭis tu tattva-jño 'py aparama-yogīti bhāvaḥ ||32||

BhG 6.33

śrīdharaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇasya yogasyāsambhavaṃ manvāno 'rjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | sāmyena manaso laya-vikṣepa-śūnyatayā kevalātmākārāvasthānena | yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā proktaḥ | etasya sthirāṃ dīrgha-kālāṃ sthitiṃ na paśyāmi | manasaś cañcalatvāt ||33||

madhusūdanaḥ : uktam artham ākṣipan arjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | yo 'yaṃ sarvatra samaṣṭi-lakṣaṇaḥ paramo yogaḥ sāmyena samatvena citta-gatānāṃ rāga-dveṣādīnāṃ viṣama-dṛṣṭi-hetūnāṃ nirākaraṇena tvayā sarvajñeneśvareṇoktaḥ | he madhusūdana ! sarva-vaidika-sampradāya-pravartaka ! etasya tvad-uktasya sarva-mano-vṛtti-nirodha-lakṣaṇasya yogasya sthitiṃ vidyamānatāṃ sthirāṃ dīrgha-kālānuvartinīṃ na paśyāmi na sambhāvayāmi aham asmad-vidho 'nyo vā yogābhyāsa-nipuṇaḥ | kasmān na sambhāvayasi tatrāha cañcalatvāt, manasa iti śeṣaḥ ||33||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhagavad-ukta-lakṣaṇasya sāmyasya duṣkaratvam ālakṣyovāca yo 'yam iti | etasya sāmyena prāptasya yogasya sthirāṃ sārvadikīṃ sthitiṃ na paśyāmi | eṣa yogaḥ sarvadā na tiṣṭhati kintu tri-catura-dināny evety arthaḥ | kutaḥ ? cañcalatvāt | tathā hy ātma-duḥkha-sukha-samam eva sarva-jagad-varti-janānāṃ sukha-duḥkhaṃ paśyed iti sāmyam uktam | tatra ye bandhavas taṭasthāś ca teṣu sāmyaṃ bhaved api, ye ripavo ghātakā dveṣṭāro nindakāś ca teṣu na sambhaved eva | na hi mayā svasya yudhiṣṭhirasya duryodhanasya ca sukha-duḥkhe sarvathā tulye draṣṭuṃ śakyete | yadi ca svasya sva-ripūṇāṃ ca jīvātma-paramātma-prāṇendriya-daihika-bhūtāni samāny eveti vivekena prabalasyāticañcalasya manaso nigrahaṇāśakyatvāt | pratyuta viṣayāsaktena tena manasaiva vivekasya grasyamānatva-darśanād iti ||33||

baladevaḥ : uktam ākṣipann arjuna uvāca yo 'yam iti | sāmyena sva-para-sukha-duḥkha-taulyena yo 'yaṃ yogas tvayā sarvajñena proktas tasya sthirāṃ sārvadikīṃ sthitiṃ niṣṭhām apy ahaṃ na paśyāmi, kintu dvi-trāṇy eva dinānīty arthaḥ | kutaḥ ? cañcalatvāt | ayam arthaḥ - bandhuṣu udāsīneṣu ca tat sāmyaṃ kadācit syāt | na ca śatruṣu nindakeṣu ca kadācid api | yadi paramātmādhiṣṭhānatvaṃ sarvatrāviśeṣam iti vivekena tad grāhyaṃ, tarhi na tat sārvadikaṃ aticapalasya baliṣṭhasya ca manasas tena vivekena nigrahītum aśakyatvād iti ||33||

BhG 6.34

śrīdharaḥ : etaṃ sphuṭayati cañcalam iti | cañcalaṃ svabhāvenaiva capalam | kiṃ ca pramāthi pramathana-śīlam | dehendriya-kṣobha-karam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca balavad vicāreṇāpi jetum aśakyam | kiṃ ca dṛḍhaṃ viṣaya-vāsanānubaddhatayā durbhedam | ato yathākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyoḥ kumbhādiṣu nirodhanam aśakyaṃ tathāhaṃ tasya manaso nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ suduṣkaraṃ sarvathā kartum aśakyaṃ manye ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : sarva-loka-prasiddhatvena tad eva cañcalatvam upapādayati cañcalaṃ hīti | cañcalam atyarthaṃ calaṃ sadā calana-svabhāvaṃ manaḥ | hi prasiddham evaitat | bhaktānāṃ pāpādi-doṣān sarvathā nivārayitum aśakyān api kṛṣati nivārayati teṣām eva sarvathā prāptum aśayān api puruṣārthān ākarṣati prāpayatīti vā kṛṣṇaḥ | tena rūpeṇa sambodhayan durnivāram api citta-cāñcalyaṃ nivārya duṣprāpam api samādhi-sukhaṃ tvam eva prāpayituṃ śaknoṣīti sūcayati | na kevalam atyarthaṃ cañcalaṃ kintu pramāthi śarīram indriyāṇi ca pramathituṃ kṣobhayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya tat | kṣobhakatayā śarīrendriya-saṃghātasya vivaśatā-hetur ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca balavat, abhipretād viṣayāt kenāpy upāyena nivārayitum aśakyam | kiṃ ca, dṛḍhaṃ viṣaya-vāsanā-sahasrānusyūtatayā bhettum aśakyam, tantu-nāga-vad acchedyam iti bhāṣye | tantu-nāgo nāga-pāśaḥ | tāntanīti gurjarādau prasiddho mahā-hrada-nivāsī jantu-viśeṣo vā | tasyātidṛḍhatayā balavato balavattayā pramāthinaḥ pramāthitayāticañcalasya mahā-matta-vana-gajasya nigrahaṃ nirodhaṃ nirvṛttikatayāvasthānaṃ suduṣkaraṃ sarvathā kartum aśakyam ahaṃ manye | vāyor iva | yathākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyor niścalatvaṃ sampādya nirodhanam aśakyaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ |

ayaṃ bhāvaḥ |jāte 'pi tattva-jñāne prārabdha-karma-bhogāya jīvataḥ puruṣasya kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-sukha-duḥkha-rāga-dveṣādi-lakṣaṇaś citta-dharmaḥ kleśa-hetutvād bādhitānuvṛttyāpi bandho bhavati | citta-vṛtti-nirodha-rūpeṇa tu yogena tasya nivāraṇaṃ jīvanmuktir ity ucyate | yasyāḥ sampādanena sa yogī paramo mata ity uktam | tatredam ucyate | bandhaḥ kiṃ sākṣiṇo nivāryate kiṃ vā cittāt | nādyas tattva-jñānenaiva sākṣiṇo bandhasya nivāritatvāt | na dvitīyaḥ svabhāva-viparyayāyogāt | virodhi-sad-bhāvāc ca | na hi jalād ārdratvam agner voṣṇatvaṃ nivārayituṃ śakyate pratikṣaṇa-pariṇamino hi bhāvā ṛte citi-śakteḥ iti nyāyena pratikṣaṇa-pariṇama-svabhāvatvāc cittasya prārabdha-bhogena ca karmaṇā kṛtsnāvidyā-tat-kārya-nāśane pravṛttasya tattva-jñānasyāpi pratibandhaṃ kṛtvā sva-phala-dānāya dehendriyādikam avasthāpitam | na ca karmaṇā sva-phala-sukha-duḥkhādi-bhogaś citta-vṛttibhir vinā sampādayituṃ śakyate | tasmād yadyapi svābhāvikānām api citta-pariṇāmānāṃ kathaṃcid yogenābhibhavaḥ śakyeta kartuṃ tathāpi tattva-jñānād iva yogād api prārabdha-phalasya karmaṇaḥ prābalyād avaśyambhāvini cittasya cāñcalye yogena tan-nivāraṇam aśakyam ahaṃ sva-bodhād eva manye | tasmād anupapannam etad ātmaupamyena sarvatra sama-darśī paramo yogī mata ity arjunasyākṣepaḥ |34||

āhuḥ śarīraṃ ratham indriyāṇi hayān abhīṣūn mana indriyeśam | vartmāni mātrā dhiṣaṇaṃ ca sūtam [BhP 7.15.41] iti smṛteś ca

buddher mano niyantṛtva-darśanād vivekavatyā buddhyā mano vaśīkartuṃ śaktyam eveti ced ata āha balavat | sva-praśamakam auṣudham api balavān rogo yathā na gaṇayati, tathaiva svabhāvād eva baliṣṭhaṃ mano vivekavatīm api buddhim | kiṃ ca dṛḍham atisūkṣma-buddhi-sūcyāpi loham iva sahasā bhettum aśakyam | vāyor ity ākāśe dodhūyamānasya vāyor nigrahaṃ kumbhakādinā nirodham iva yogenāṣṭāṅgena manaso 'pi nirodhaṃ duṣkaraṃ manye ||34||

baladevaḥ : tad evāha cañcalaṃ hīti | manaḥ svabhāvena cañcalam | nanu

iti śruter buddhi-niyamyaṃ manaḥ śrūyate tato vivekinyāṃ buddhyāṃ śakyaṃ tad vaśīkartum iti cet tatrāha pramāthīti | tādṛśīm api buddhiṃ pramathati | kutaḥ ? balavat sva-praśamakam apy auṣadhaṃ yathā balavān rogo na gaṇayati, tadvat | kiṃ ca dṛḍham sūcyā lauham iva tādṛśyāpi buddhyā bhettum aśakyam ato yogenāpi tasya nigraham ahaṃ vāyor iva suduṣkaraṃ manye | na hi vāyor muṣṭinā dhartuṃ śakyate atas tatropāyaṃ brūhīti ||34||

BhG 6.35

śrīdharaḥ : tad uktaṃ cañcalatvādikam aṅgīkṛtyaiva mano-nigrahopāyaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca asaṃśayam iti | cañcalatvādinā mano niroddhum aśakyam iti yad vadasi etan niḥsaṃśayam eva | tathāpi tv abhyāsena paramātmākāra-pratyayā vṛttyā viṣaya-vaitṛṣṇyena ca gṛhyate | abhyāsena laya-pratibandhād vairāgyeṇa ca vikṣepa-pratibandhād uparata-vṛttikaṃ sat paramātmākāreṇa tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ yoga-śāstre -

manaso vṛtti-śūnyasya brahmākāratayā sthitiḥ | yāsamprajñāta-nāmāsau samādhir abhidhīyate || iti ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ : tam imam ākṣepaṃ pariharan śrī-bhagavān uvāca asaṃśayam iti | samyag viditaṃ te citta-ceṣṭitaṃ mano nigrahītuṃ śakṣyasīti santoṣeṇa sambodhayati he mahābāho mahāntau sākṣān mahādevenāpi saha kṛta-praharaṇau bāhū yasyeti niratiśayam utkarṣaṃ sūcayati | prārabdha-karma-prābalyād asaṃyatātmanā durnigrahaṃ duḥkhenāpi nigrahītum aśakyam | pramāthi balavad dṛḍham iti viśeṣaṇa-trayaṃ piṇḍīkṛtyaitad uktam | calaṃ svabhāva-cañcalaṃ mana ity asaṃśayaṃ nāsty eva saṃśayo 'tra satyam evaitad bravīṣīty arthaḥ | evaṃ saty api saṃyatātmanā samādhi-mātropāyena yoginābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate nigṛhyate sarva-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ kriyate tan mana ity arthaḥ | anigrahītur asaṃyatātmanaḥ sakāśāt saṃyatātmano nigrahītur viśeṣa-dyotanāya tu-śabdaḥ | mano-nigrahe 'bhyāsa-vairāgyayoḥ samuccaya-bodhanāya ca-śabdaḥ | he kaunteyeti pitṛ-ṣvasṛ-putras tvam avaśyaṃ mayā sukhī kartavya iti sneha-sambandha-sūcanenāśvāsayati | atra prathamārdhena cittasya haṭha-nigraho na sambhavatīti dvitīyārdhena tu krama-nigrahaḥ sambhavatīty uktam |

dvividho hi manaso nigrahaḥ | haṭhena krameṇa ca | tatra cakṣuḥ-śrotrādīni jñānendriyāṇi vāk-pāṇy-ādīni karmendriyāṇi ca tad-golaka-mātroparodhena haṭhān nigṛhyante | tad-dṛṣṭāntena mano 'pi haṭhena nigrahīṣyāmīti mūḍhasya bhrāntir bhavati | na ca tathā nigrahītuṃ śakyate tad-golakasya hṛdaya-kamalasya niroddhum aśakyatvāt | ataeva ca krama-nigraha eva yuktas tad etad bhagavān vasiṣṭha āha -

satīṣu yuktiṣv etāsu haṭhān niyamayanti ye | cetas te dīpam utsṛjya vinighnanti tamo 'ñjanaiḥ || iti |

krama-nigrahe cādhyātma-vidyādhigama eka upāyaḥ | sā hi dṛśyasya mithyātvaṃ dṛg-vastunaś ca paramārtha-satya-paramānanda-svaprakāśatavaṃ bodhayati | tathā ca saty etan manaḥ sva-gocareṣu buddhvā nirindhanāgnivat svayam evopaśāmyati | yas tu bodhitam api tattvaṃ na samyag budhyate yo vā vismarati tayoḥ sādhu-saṅgama evopāyaḥ | sādhavo hi punaḥ punar bodhayanti smārayanti ca | yas tu vidyā-madādi-durvāsanayā pīḍyamāno na sādhūn anuvartitum utsahate tasya pūrvokta-vivekena vāsanā-parityāga evopāyaḥ | yas tu vāsanānām atiprābalyāt tās tyaktuṃ na śaknoti tasya prāṇa-spanda-nirodha eva upāyaḥ | prāṇa-spanda-vāsanayoś citta-prerakatvāt tayor nirodhe citta-śāntir upapadyate | tad etad āha sa eva -

avāsanatvāt satataṃ yadā na manute manaḥ | amanastā tadodeti paramātma-pada-pradā || iti |

atra dvāv evopāyau paryavasitau prāṇa-spanda-nirodhārtham abhyāsaḥ | vāsanā-parityāgārthaṃ ca vairāgyam iti | sādhu-saṅgamādhyātma-vidyādhigamau tv abhyāsa-vairāgyopapādakatayānyathā-siddhau tayor evāntarbhavataḥ | ata eva bhagavatābhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ceti dvayam evoktam | ataeva bhagavān patañjalir asūtrayat abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | tāsāṃ prāg-uktānāṃ pramāṇa-viparyaya-vikalpa-nidrā-smṛti-rūpeṇa pañca-vidhānām anantānām āsuratvena kliṣṭānāṃ daivatvenākliṣṭānām api vṛttīnāṃ sarvāssām api nirodho nirindhanāgnivad upaśamākhyaḥ pariṇāmo 'bhyāsena vairāgyeṇa ca samuccitena bhavati | tad uktaṃ yoga-bhāṣye - citta-nadī nāmobhayato-vāhinī vahati kalyāṇāya vahati pāpāya ca | tatra yā kaivalya-prāg-bhārā viveka-nimnā sā kalyāṇa-vahā | yā tv aviveka-nimnā saṃsāra-prāg-bhārā sā pāpa-vahā | tatra vairāgyeṇa viṣaya-srotaḥ khilīkriyate | viveka-darśanābhyāsena ca kalyāṇa-srota udghāṭyate ity ubhayādhīnaś citta-vṛtti-nirodha iti | prāg-bhāra-nimna-pade tadā viveka-nimnaṃ kaivalya-prāg-bhāraṃ cittam ity atra vyākhyāyate | yathā tīvra-vegopetaṃ nadī-pravāhaṃ setu-bandhanena nivārya kulyā-praṇayena kṣetrābhimukhaṃ tiryak-pravāhāntaram utpādyate tathā vairāgyeṇa citta-nadyā viṣaya-pravāhaṃ nivārya samādhy-abhyāsena praśānta-vāhitā sampādyata iti dvāra-bhedāt samuccaya eva | eka-dvāratve hi brīhi-yava-dvi-kalpaḥ syād iti |

mantra-japa-devatā-dhyānādīnāṃ kriyā-rūpāṇām āvṛtti-lakṣaṇo 'bhyāsaḥ sambhavāt | sarva-vyāpāroparamasya tu samādheḥ ko nāmābhyāsa iti śaṅkāṃ nivārayitum abhyāsaṃ sūtrayati sma tatra sthitau yatno 'bhyāsaḥ [YogaS 1.13] iti | tatra svarūpāvasthite draṣṭari śuddhe cid-ātmani cittasyāvṛttikasya praśānta-vāhitā-rūpā niścalatāsthitis tad-arthaṃ yatno mānasa utsāhaḥ svabhāva-cāñcalyād bahiṣpravāha-śīlaṃ cittaṃ sarvathā nirotsyāmīty evaṃ vidhaḥ | sa āvartyamāno 'bhyāsa ucyate | sa tu dīrgha-kāla-nairantarya-satkārāsevito dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ [YogaS 1.14] anirvedena dīrgha-kāla-sevito vicchedābhāvena nirantarāsevitaḥ sat-kāreṇa śraddhātiśayena cāsevitaḥ | so 'bhyāso dṛḍha-bhūmir viṣaya-sukha-vāsanayā cālayitum aśakyo bhavati | adīrgha-kālatve dīrghakālatve 'pi vicchidya vicchidya sevane śraddhātiśayābhāve ca laya-vikṣepa-kaṣāya-sukhāsvādānām aparihāre vyutthāna-saṃskāra-prābalyād adṛḍha-bhūmir abhyāsaḥ phalāya na syād iti trayam upāttam |

vairāgyaṃ tu dvividham aparaṃ paraṃ ca | yatmāna-saṃjñā-vyatireka-saṃjñaikendriya-saṃjñā-vaśīkāra-saṃjñā-bhedair aparaṃ caturdhā | tatra pūrva-bhūmi-jayenottara-bhūmi-sampādana-vivakṣayā caturtham evāsūtrayat -- dṛṣṭānuśravika-viṣaya-vitṛṣṇasya vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam [YogaS 1.15] iti | striyo 'nnaṃ pānam aiśvaryam ity ādayo dṛṣṭā viṣayāḥ | svargo videhatā prakṛti-laya ity ādayo vaidikatvenānuśravikā viṣayās teṣūbhaya-vidheṣv api satyām eva tṛṣṇāyāṃ viveka-tāratamyena yatamānādi-trayaṃ bhavati | atra jagati kiṃ sāraṃ kim asāram iti guru-śāstrābhyāṃ jñāsāmīty udyogo yatamānam | sva-citte pūrva-vidyamāna-doṣāṇāṃ madhye 'bhyasyamāna-vivekenaite pakvā ete 'vaśiṣṭā iti cikitsakavad vivecanaṃ vyatirekaḥ | dṛṣṭānuśravika-viṣaya-pravṛtter duḥkhātmatva-bodhena bhair indriya-pravṛttim ajanayantyā api tṛṣṇāyā autsukya-mātreṇa manasy avasthānam ekendriyam | manasy api tṛṣṇā-śūnyatvena sarvathā vaitṛṣṇyaṃ tṛṣṇā-virodhinī citta-vṛttir jñāna-prasāda-rūpā vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyaṃ samprajñātasya samādher antaraṅgaṃ sādhanam asaṃprajñātasya tu bahiraṅgam | tasya tv antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ param evaṃ vairāgyam | tac cāsūtrayat -- tat-paraṃ puruṣa-khyāter guṇa-vaitṛṣṇyam [YogaS 1.16] iti | samprajñāta-samādhi-pāṭavena guṇa-trayātmakāt pradhānād viviktasya puruṣasya khyātiḥ sākṣātkāra utpadyate | tataś cāśeṣa-guṇa-traya-vyavahāreṣu vaitṛṣṇyaṃ yad bhavati tat-paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ phala-bhūtaṃ vairāgyam | tat-paripāka-nimittāc ca cittopaśama-paripākād avilambena kaivalyam iti ||35||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam artham aṅgīkṛtya samadadhāti aśaṃśayam iti | tvayoktaṃ satyam eva, kintu balavān api rogas tat-praśamakauṣadha-sevayā sad-vaidya-prayukta-prakārayā muhur abhyastayā yathā cira-kālena śāmyaty eva, tathā durnigraham api mano 'bhyāsena sad-gurūpadiṣṭa-prakāreṇa parameśvara-dhyāna-yogasya muhur anuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣv anāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate sva-hasta-vaśīkartuṃ śakyata ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yan mahāvīrā api vijīyante, sa ca pināka-pāṇir api vaśīkṛtas tenāpi kim ? yadi mahā-vīra-śiro-maṇir mano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahā-yogāstra-prayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahā-bāhuteti bhāvaḥ | he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ mā bhaiṣīḥ | mat-pituḥ svasuḥ kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyam iti bhāvaḥ ||35||

baladevaḥ : uktam artham svīkṛtya bhagavān uvāca aśaṃśayam iti | tathāpi sva-prakāśa-sukhaikatānatvātma-guṇābhimukhyābhyāsenātma-vyatirikteṣu viṣayeṣu doṣa-dṛṣṭi-janitena vairāgyeṇa ca mano nigrahītuṃ śakyate | tathā cātmānandāsvādhābhyāsena laya-pratibandhād viṣaya-vaitṛṣṇyena ca vikṣepa-pratibandhān nivṛtta-cāpalyaṃ manaḥ sugrahaṃ yathā sad-auṣadha-sevayā sad-vaidya-prayukta-prakārayā muhur abhyastayā yathā cira-kālena śāmyaty eva, tathā durnigraham api mano 'bhyāsena sad-gurūpadiṣṭa-prakāreṇa parameśvara-dhyāna-yogasya muhur anuśīlanena vairāgyeṇa viṣayeṣv anāsaṅgena ca gṛhyate sva-hasta-vaśīkartuṃ śakyata ity arthaḥ | tathā ca pātañjala-sūtram - abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ tan-nirodhaḥ [YogaS 1.12] iti | mahābāho iti saṅgrāme tvayā yan mahāvīrā api vijīyante, sa ca pināka-pāṇir api vaśīkṛtas tenāpi kim ? yadi mahā-vīra-śiro-maṇir mano nāmā prādhāniko bhaṭo mahā-yogāstra-prayogeṇa jetuṃ śakyate, tadaiva mahā-bāhuteti bhāvaḥ | he kaunteyeti tatra tvaṃ mā bhaiṣīḥ | mat-pituḥ svasuḥ kuntyāḥ putre tvayi mayā sāhāyyaṃ vidheyam iti bhāvaḥ ||35||

BhG 6.36

śrīdharaḥ : etāvāṃs tv iha niścaya ity āha asaṃyateti | ukta-prakāreṇābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyām asaṃyata ātmā cittaṃ yasya tena yogo duṣprāpa prāptum aśakyaḥ | abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ vaśyo vaśavartī ātmā cittaṃ yasya tena puruṣeṇa punaś cānenaivopāyena prayatnaṃ kurvatā yogaḥ prāptuṃ śakyaḥ ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : yat tu tvam avocaḥ prārabdha-bhogena karmaṇā tattva-jñānād api prabalena sva-phala-dānāya manaso vṛttiṣūtpādyamānāsu kathaṃ tāsāṃ nirodhaḥ kartuṃ śakyaṃ iti tatrocyate asaṃśayātmaneti | HERE

tathā cāha bhagavān vasiṣṭhaḥ -

ucchāstraṃ śāstra-pratiṣiddham anarthāya narakāya | śāstritaṃ śāstra-vihitam antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā paramārthāya caturṣv artheṣu paramāya mokṣāya |

vāsanā śubhedti śeṣaḥ |

tataḥ pakva-kaṣāyeṇa nūnaṃ vijñāta-vastunā | śubho 'py asau tvayā tyājyo vāsanaugho nirodhinā || iti |

tasmāt sākṣi-gatasya saṃsārasyāviveka-nibandhanasya viveka-sākṣātkārād apanaye 'pi prārabdha-karma-paryavasthāpitasya cittasya svābhāvikīnām api vṛttīnāṃ yogābhyāsa-prayatnenāpanaye sati jīvanmuktaḥ paramo yogī | citta-vṛtti-nirodhābhāve tu tattva-jñānavān apy aparamo yogīti siddham | avaśiṣṭaṃ jīvanmukti-viveke sa-vistaram anusandheyam ||36||

viśvanāthaḥ : atrāyaṃ parāmarśa ity ata āha saṃyatātmanābhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ na saṃyataṃ mano yasya tena | tābhyāṃ tu vaśyātmanā vaśībhūta-manasāpi puṃsā yatatā ciraṃ yatnavataiva yogo mano-nirodha-lakṣaṇaḥ samādhir upāyataḥ sādhana-bhūyastvāt prāptuṃ śakyaḥ ||36||

baladevaḥ : asaṃyateti | uktābhyām abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ na saṃyata ātmā mano yasya tena vijñenāpi puṃsā citta-vṛtti-nirodha-lakṣaṇo yogo duṣprāpaḥ prāptum aśakyaḥ | tābhyāṃ vaśyo 'dhīna ātmā mano yasya tena puṃsā, tathāpi yatatā tādṛśa-prayatnavatā sa yogaḥ prāptuṃ śakyaḥ | upāyato mad-ārādhana-lakṣaṇāj jñānākārān niṣkāma-karma-yogāc ceti me matiḥ ||36||

BhG 6.37

śrīdharaḥ : abhyāsa-vairāgyābhāvena kathañcid aprāpta-samyag-jñānaḥ kiṃ phalaṃ prāpnotīty arjuna uvāca ayatir it | prathamaṃ śraddhayopeta eva yoge pravṛttaḥ, na tu mithyācāratayā | tataḥ paraṃ tv ayatiḥ samyaṅ na yatate | śithilābhyāsa ity arthaḥ | evam abhyāsa-vairāgya-śaithilyād yogasya saṃsiddhiṃ phalaṃ jñānam aprāpya kāṃ gatiṃ prāpnoti ? ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ prāktanena granthenotpanna-tattva-jñāno 'nutpanna-jīvan-mukti-paramo yogī mataḥ | utpanna-tattva-jñāna utpanna-jīvan-muktis tu paramo yogī mata ity uktam | tayor ubhayor api jñānād jñāna-nāśe 'pi yāvat prārabdha-bhogaṃ karma dehendriya-saṅghātāvasthānāt prārabdha-bhoga-karmāpāye ca vartamāna-dehendriya-saṅghātāpāyāt punar-utpādakābhāvād videha-kaivalyaṃ prati kāpi nāsty āśaṅkā | yas tu prāk-kṛta-karmabhir labdha-vividiṣā-paryanta-citta-śuddhiḥ kṛta-kāryatvāt sarvāṇi karmāṇi parityajya prāpta-paramahaṃsa-parivrājaka-bhāvaḥ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakam ātma-sākṣātkāreṇa jīvan-muktaṃ para-prabodhana-dakṣaṃ gurum upasṛtya tato vedānta-mahā-vākyopadeśaṃ prāpya tatrāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanākhya-pratibandha-nirāsāya athāto brahma-jijñāsā [Vs 1.1.1] ity ādy anāvṛttiḥ śabdāt [Vs 4.4.23] ity antayā catur-lakṣaṇa-mīmāṃsayā śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanāni guru-prasādāt kartum ārabhate sa śraddadhāno 'pi sann āyuṣo 'lpatvenālpa-prayatnatvād alabdha-jñāna-paripākaḥ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsaneṣu kriyamāṇeṣv eva madhye vyāpadyate | sa jñāna-paripāka-śūnyatvenānaṣṭājñāno na mucyate | nāpy upāsanā-sahita-karma-phalaṃ devalokam anubhavaty arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa | nāpi kevala-karma-phalaṃ pitṛ-lokam anubhavati dhūmādi-mārgeṇa | karmaṇām upāsanānāṃ ca tyaktatvāt | ata etādṛśo yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ kīṭādi-bhāvena kaṣṭāṃ gatim iyād ajñatve sati deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārgāsambandhitvād varṇāśramācāra-bhraṣṭavad athavā kaṣṭāṃ gatiṃ neyāt | śāstra-ninidta-karma-śūnyatvād vāmadevavad iti saṃśaya-paryākula-manā arjuna uvāca ayatir iti | yatir yatna-śīlaḥ alpārthe nañ alavaṇā yavāgūr ity-ādivat | ayatir alpa-yatnaḥ | śraddhayā guru-vedānta-vākyeṣu viśvāsa-buddhi-rūpayopeto yuktaḥ | śraddhā ca sva-sahacaritānāṃ śamādīnām upalakṣaṇaṃ śānto dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ śraddhānvito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyati iti śruteḥ | tena nityānitya-vastu-viveka ihāmutra-bhoga-virāgaḥ śama-damoparati-titikṣā-śraddhādi-sampan-mumukṣutā ceti sādhana-catuṣṭaya-sampanno gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākya-śravaṇādi kurvann api paramāyuṣo 'lpatvena maraṇa-kāle cendriyāṇāṃ vyākulatvena sādhanānuṣṭhānāsambhavād yogāc calita-mānaso yogāc chravaṇādi-paripāka-labdha-janmanas tattva-sākṣātkārāc

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ prayatnavataiva puṃsā yogo labhyata iti tvayocyate | yasyaitat tritayam api na dṛśyate, tasya kā gatir iti pṛcchati | ayatir alpa-yatnaḥ anavarṇāya vāgur itivad alpārthe nañ | atha ca śraddhayopeto yoga-śāstrāstikyena tatra śraddhayopeto yogābhyāsa pravṛtta eva, na tu loka-vañcakatvena mithyācāraḥ | kintv abhyāsa-vairāgyayor abhāvena yogāc calitaṃ viṣaya-pravaṇī-bhūtaṃ mānasaṃ yasya saḥ | ataeva yogasya saṃsiddhiṃ samyak siddhim aprāpyeti yat kiñcit siddhiṃ tu prāpta eveti yogārurukṣā-bhūmikāto 'grimāṃ yogāroha-bhūmikāyāḥ prathamāṃ kakṣāṃ gata iti bhāvaḥ ||37||

baladevaḥ : jñāna-garbho niṣkāma-karma-yogo 'ṣṭāṅga-yoga-śirasko nikhilopasarga-vimardanaḥ sva-paramātmāvalokanopāyo bhavatīty asakṛd uktam | tasya ca tādṛśasya nehābhikrama-nāśo 'stīti pūrvokta-mahimnas tan-mahimānaṃ śrotum arjunaḥ pṛcchati ayatir iti | abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ prayatnena ca yogaṃ pumān labhetaiva | yas tu prathamaṃ śraddhayā tādṛśa-yoga-nirūpaka-śruti-viśvāsenopetaḥ | kintv ayatir alpa-svadharmānuṣṭhāna-yatnavān anudārā yuvatiḥ itivad alpārthe 'tra nañ | śithila-prayatnatvād eva yogād aṣṭāṅgāc calitaṃ viṣaya-pravaṇaṃ mānasaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ ca svadharmānuṣṭhānābhyāsa-vairāgya-śaithilyād vividhasya yogasya samyak siddhiṃ hṛd-viśuddh-lakṣaṇām ātmāvalokana-lakṣaṇāṃ cāprāptaḥ kiṃcit siddhiṃ tu prāpta eva | śraddhāluḥ kiṃcid anuṣṭhita-svadharmaḥ prārabdha-yogo 'prāpta-yoga-phalo dehānte kāṃ gatiṃ gacchati ? he kṛṣṇa ||37||

BhG 6.38

śrīdharaḥ : praśnābhiprāyaṃ vivṛṇoti kaccid iti | karmaṇām īśvare 'rpitatvād ananuṣṭhānāc ca tāvat karma-phalaṃ svargādikaṃ na prāpnoti | yogāniṣpatteś ca mokṣaṃ na prāpnoti | evam ubhayasmād bhraṣṭo 'pratiṣṭho nirāśrayaḥ | ataeva brahmaṇaḥ prāpty-upāye pathi mārge vimūḍhaḥ san kaccit kiṃ naśyati ? kiṃ vā na naśyatīty arthaḥ | nāśe dṛṣṭāntaḥ - yathā cchinnam abhraṃ pūrvasmād abhrād viśliṣṭam abhrāntaraṃ cāprāptaṃ san madhya eva vilīyate tadvad ity arthaḥ ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : etad eva saṃśaya-bījaṃ vivṛṇoti kaccid iti | kaccid iti sābhilāṣa-praśne | he mahābāho mahāntaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhaktānāṃ sarvopadrava-nivāraṇa-samarthāḥ puruṣārtah-catuṣṭaya-dāna-samarthā vā catvāro bāhavo yasyeti praśna-nimitta-krodhābhāvas tad-uttara-dāna-sahiṣṇutvaṃ ca sūcitam | brahmaṇaḥ pathi brahma-prāpti-mārge jñāne vimūḍho vicittaḥ, anutpanna-brahmātmaikya-sākṣātkāra iti yāvat | apratiṣṭho deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārga-gamana-hetubhyām upāsanā-karmabhyāṃ pratiṣṭhābhyāṃ sādhanābhyāṃ rahitaḥ sopāsanānāṃ sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ parityāgāt | etādṛśa ubhaya-vibhraṣṭaḥ karma-mārgāj jñāna-mārgāc ca vibhraṣṭaś chinnābhram iva vāyunā chinnaṃ viśakalitaṃ pūrvasmān meghād bhraṣṭam uttaraṃ megham aprāptam abhraṃ yathā vṛṣṭy-ayogyaṃ sad-antarāla eva naśyati tathā yoga-bhraṣṭo 'pi pūrvasmāt karma-mārgād vicchinna uttaraṃ ca jñāna-mārgam aprāpto 'ntarāla eva naśyati karma-phalaṃ jñāna-phalaṃ ca labdhum ayogyo na kim iti praśnārthaḥ | etena jñāna-karma-samuccayo nirākṛtaḥ | etasmin hi pakṣe jñāna-phala-lābhe 'pi karma-phala-lābha-sambhavenobhaya-vibhraṣṭatvāsambhavāt | na ca tasya karma-sambhave 'pi phala-kāmanā-tyāgāt phala-bhraṃśa-vacanam avakalpata iti vācyaṃ niṣkāmānām api karmaṇāṃ phala-sad-bhāvasyāpastamba-vacanāndy-udāharaṇena bahuśaḥ pratipāditatvāt | tasmāt sarva-karma-tyāginaṃ praty evāyaṃ praśnaḥ | anartha-prāpti-śaṅkāyās tatraiva sambhavāt ||38||

viśvanāthaḥ : kaccid iti praśne | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭaḥ karma-mārgāc cyuto yoga-mārgaṃ ca samyag aprāpta ity arthaḥ | chinnābhram iveti yathā chinnam abhraṃ meghaḥ pūrvasmād abhrād viśliṣṭam abhrāntaraṃ cāprāptaṃ sat madhye vilīyate tenāsya iha loke yoga-mārge praveśād viṣaya-bhoga-tyāgecchā samyag-vairāgyābhāvād viṣaya-bhogecchā ceti kaṣṭam | para-loke ca svarga-sādhanasya karmaṇo 'bhāvāt | mokṣa-sādhanasya yogasyāpy aparipākān na svarga-mokṣāv ity ubhaya-loka evāsya vināśa iti dyotitam | ato brahma-prāpty-upāye pathi mārge vimūḍho 'yam apratiṣṭhaḥ pratiṣṭhām āspadam aprāptaḥ san kaccit kiṃ naśyati

baladevaḥ : praśnāśayaṃ viśadayati kaccid iti praśne | niṣkāmatayā karmaṇo 'nuṣṭhānān na svargādi-phalaṃ yogāsiddher nātmāvalokanaṃ ca tasyābhūt | evam ubhayasmād vibhraṣṭo 'pratiṣṭho nirālambaḥ san kiṃ naśyati kiṃ vā na naśyati ? ity arthaḥ | chinnābhram iveti abhraṃ megho yathā pūrvasmād abhrād vicchinnaṃ param abhraṃ cāprāptam antarāle vilīyate, tadvad eveti nāśe dṛṣṭāntaḥ | katham evaṃ śaṅkā ? tatrāha - brahmaṇaḥ pathi prāpty-upāye yad asau vimūḍhaḥ ||38||

BhG 6.39

śrīdharaḥ : tvayaiva sarvajñenāyaṃ mama sandeho nirasanīyaḥ | tvatto 'nyas tv etat sandeha-nivartako nāsti ity āha etad iti etad enam | chettvā nivartakaḥ spaṣṭam anyat ||39||

madhusūdanaḥ : yathopadarśita-saṃśayāpākaraṇāya bhagavantam antaryāmiṇam arthayate pārthaḥ etan ma iti | etad evaṃ pūrvopadarśitaṃ me mama saṃśayaṃ he kṛṣṇa cchettum apanetum arhasy aśeṣataḥ saṃśaya-mūlādharmādy-ucchedena | mad-anyaḥ kaścid ṛṣir vā devo vā tvadīyam imaṃ saṃśayam ucchetsyatīty āśaṅkyāha tvad-anya iti | tvat parameśvarāt sarvajñāc chāstra-kṛtaḥ parama-guroḥ kāruṇikād anyo 'nīśvaratvena asarvajñaḥ kaścid ṛṣir vā devo vāsya yoga-bhraṣṭa-para-loka-gati-viṣayasya saṃśayasya cchettā samyag-uttara-dānena nāśayitā hi yasmā̆n nopapadyate na sambhavati tasmāt tvam

baladevaḥ : etad iti klībtvam ārṣam | tvad iti sarveśvarāt sarvajñatvatto 'nyo 'nīśvaro 'lpajñaḥ kaścid ṛṣiḥ ||39||

BhG 6.40

śrīdharaḥ : tatrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca pārtheti sārdhaiś caturbhiḥ | iha-loke nāśa ubhaya-bhraṣṭāt pātityam | amutra para-loke nāśo naraka-prāptiḥ | tad ubhayaṃ tasya nāsty eva | yataḥ kalyāṇa-kṛc cubha-kārī kaścid api durgatiṃ na gacchati | ayaṃ ca śubhakārī śraddayā yoge pravṛttatvāt | tāteti loka-rītyopalālayan sambodhayati ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunasya yoginaṃ prati nāśāśaṅkāṃ pariharann uttaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca pārtheti | ubhaya-vibhraṣṭo yogī naśyatīti ko 'rthaḥ | kim iha loke śiṣṭa-garhaṇīyo bhavati veda-vihita-karma-tyāgāt | yathā kaścid ucchṛṅkhalaḥ | kiṃ vā paratra nikṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ prāpnoti | yathoktaṃ śrutyā - athaitayoḥ pathor na katareṇacana te kīṭāḥ pataṅgā yadi dandaśūkam iti | tathā coktaṃ manunā -- vāntāśy ulkā-mukhaḥ preto vipro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ [Manu 12.71] ity ādi | tad ubhayam api nety āha he pārtha pārtha naiveha nāmutra vināśas tasya yathā-śāstraṃ kṛta-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsasya sarvato viraktasya gurum upasṛtya vedānta-śravaṇādi kurvato 'ntarāle mṛtasya yoga-bhraṣṭasya vidyate |

ubhayatrāpi tasya vināśo nāstīty atra hetum āha hi yasmāt kalyāṇa-kṛc chāstra-vihita-kārī kaścid api durgatim ihākīrtiṃ paratra ca kīṭādi-rūpatāṃ na gacchati | ayaṃ tu sarvotkṛṣṭa eva san durgatiṃ na gacchatīti kim u vaktavyam ity arthaḥ | tanoty ātmānaṃ putra-rūpeṇeti pitā tata ucyate | svārthike 'ṇi tata eva tāto rākṣasa-vāyasādivat | pitaiva ca putra-rūpeṇa bhajatīti putra-sthānīyasya śiṣyasya tāteti sambodhanaṃ kṛpātiśaya-sūcanārtham | yad uktaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ kaṣṭāṃ gatiṃ gacchati ajñatve sati deva-yāna-pitṛ-yāna-mārgānyatarāsambandhitvāt svadharma-bhraṣṭavad iti | tad ayuktam | etasya devayāna-mārga-sambandhitvena hetor asiddhatvāt | pañcāgni-vidyāyāṃ ya itthaṃ vidur ye cāmī araṇye śraddhāṃ satyam upāsate te 'rcir abhisambhavantīty aviśeṣeṇa pañcāgni-vidām ivātaskratūnāṃ śraddhā-satyavatāṃ mumukṣūṇām api deva-yāna-mārgeṇa brahma-loka-prāpti-kathanāt | śravaṇādi-parāyaṇasya ca yoga-bhraṣṭasya śraddhānvito bhūtvety anena śraddhāyāḥ prāptatvāt | śānto dānta ity anena cānṛta-bhāṣaṇa-rūpa-vāg-vyāpāra-nirodha-rūpasya satyasya labdhatvāt | bahir indiryāṇām ucchṛṅkhala-vyāpāra-nirodho hi damaḥ | yoga-śāstre ca ahiṃsā-satyāsteya-brahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ [YogaS 2.30] iti yogāṅga-svenoktatvāt | yadi tu satya-śabdena brahmaivocyate tadāpi na kṣatiḥ | vedānta-śravaṇāder api satya-brahma-cintana-rūpatvāt | atat-kratutve 'pi ca pañcāgni-vidām iva brahma-loka-prāpti-sambhavāt | tathā ca smṛtiḥ saṃnyāsād brahmaṇaḥ sthānam iti | tathā prātyahika-vedānta-vākya-vicārasyāpi brahma-loka-prāpti-sādhanatvāt samuditānāṃ teṣāṃ tat-sādhanatvaṃ kiṃ citram | ataeva sarva-sukṛta-rūpatvaṃ yogi-caritasya taittirīyā āmananti tasyaivaṃ viduṣo yajñasya ity ādinā | smaryate ca - snātaṃ tena samasta-tīrtha-salile sarvā 'pi dattāvanir yajñānāṃ ca kṛtaṃ sahasram akhilā devāś ca sampūjitāḥ | saṃsārāc ca samuddhṛtāḥ sva-pitaras trailokya-pūjyo 'py asau yasya brahma-vicāraṇe kṣaṇam api sthairyaṃ manaḥ prāpnuyāt || iti ||40||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca pārtheti | tasyokta-lakṣaṇasya yogina iha prākṛtike loke 'mutrāprākṛtike ca loke vināśaḥ svargādi-sukha-vibhraṃśa-lakṣaṇaḥ paramātmāvalokana-vibhraṃśa-lakṣaṇaś ca na vidyate na bhavati | kiṃ cottaratra tat-prāptir bhaved eve | hi yataḥ | kalyāṇa-kṛt niḥśreyasopāya-bhūta-sad-dharma-yogārambhī durgatiṃ tad-ubhayābhāva-rūpāṃ daridratāṃ na gacchati | he tātety ativātsalyāt saṃbodhanam | tenātyātmānaṃ putra-rūpeṇa iti vyutpattes | tataḥ pitā svārthike 'ṇi | tata eva tātaḥ putraṃ śiṣyaṃ cātikṛpayā jyeṣṭas tathā sambodhayati ||40||

BhG 6.41

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi kim asau prāpnotīty apekṣāyām āha prāpyeti | puṇya-kṛtāṃ puṇya-kāriṇām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān prāpya tatra śāśvatīḥ samāḥ bahūn saṃvatsarān uṣitvā vāsa-sukham anubhūya śucīnāṃ sad-ācārāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhaninām | gehe sa yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate janma prāpnoti ||41||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭasya śubha-kṛttvena loka-dvaye 'pi nāśābhāve kiṃ bhavatīty ucyate prāpyeti | yoga-mārga-pravṛttaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī vedānta-śravaṇādi kurvann antarāle mriyamāṇaḥ kaścit pūrvopacita-bhoga-vāsanā-prādurbhāvād viṣayebhyaḥ spṛhayati | kaścit tu vairāgya-bhāvanā-dāḍhyān na spṛhayati | tayoḥ prathamaḥ prāpya puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedha-yājināṃ lokān arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa brahma-lokān | ekasminn api bhoga-bhūmi-bhedāpekṣayā bahu-vacanam | tatra coṣitvā vāsam anubhūya śāśvatīr brahma-parimāṇenākṣāyāḥ samāḥ saṃvatsarān, tad-ante śucīnāṃ śuddhānāṃ śrīmatāṃ vibhūtimatāṃ mahārāja-cakravartināṃ gehe kule bhoga-vāsanāśoṣa-sad-bhāvād ajātaśatru-janakādivad yoga-bhraṣṭo 'bhijāyate | bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyād brahma-lokānte sarva-karma-saṃnyāsāyogyo mahārājo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||41||

viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi kāṃ gatim asau prāpnotīty ata āha prāpyeti | puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān iti yogasya phalaṃ mokṣo bhogaś ca bhavati | tatrāpakva-yogino bhogecchāyāṃ satyāṃ yoga-bhraṃśe sati bhoga eva | paripakva-yoginas tu bhogecchāyā asambhavān mokṣa eva | kecit tu paripakva-yogino 'pi daivād bhogecchāyāṃ satyāṃ kardama-saubharyādi-dṛṣṭyā bhoagam apy āhur iti | śucīnāṃ sad-ācārāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhanika-vaṇig-ādīnāṃ rājñāṃ vā ||41||

baladevaḥ : aihikīṃ sukha-sampattiṃ tāvad āha prāpyeti | yādṛśa-viṣaya-spṛhayā sva-dharme śithilo yogāc ca vicyuto 'yaṃ tādṛśān viṣayān ātmoddeśyaka-niṣkāma-svadharma-yogārambha-māhātmyena puṇya-kṛtām aśvamedhādi-yājināṃ lokān pāpya bhuṅkte tān bhuñjāno yāvatībhis tad-bhoga-tṛṣṇā-vinivṛttis tāvatīḥ śāśvatīḥ bahvīḥ samāḥ saṃvatsarāṃs teṣu lokeṣūṣitvā sthitvā tad-bhoga-vitṛṣṇas tebhyo lokebhyaḥ śucīnāṃ sad-dharma-niratānāṃ yogārhāṇāṃ śrīmatāṃ dhanināṃ gehe pūrvārabdha-yoga-māhātmyāt sa yoga-śreṣṭho 'bhijāyata

BhG 6.42

śrīdharaḥ : alpa-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe gatir iyam uktā | cirābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe tu pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | yoga-niṣṭhānāṃ dhīmatāṃ jñāninām eva kule jāyate | na tu pūrvoktānām ārūḍha-yogānāṃ kule | etaj janma stauti īdṛśaṃ yaj janma etad dhi loke durlabhataraṃ mokṣa-hetutvāt ||42||

madhusūdanaḥ : dvitīyaṃ prati pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | śraddhā-vairāgyādi-kalyāṇa-guṇādhikye tu bhoga-vāsanā-virahāt puṇya-kṛtāṃ lokān aprāpyaiva yoginām eva daridrāṇāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ na tu śrīmatāṃ rājñāṃ gṛhe yoga-bhraṣṭa-janma tad api durlabham aneka-sukṛta-sādhyatvān mokṣa-paryavasāyitvāc ca | yat tu śucīnāṃ daridrāṇāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ brahma-vidyāvatāṃ kule janma | etad dhi prasiddhaṃ śukādivat | durlabhataraṃ durlabhād api durlabhaṃ loke yad īdṛśaṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnyaṃ janmeti dvitīyaḥ stūyate bhoga-vāsanā-śūnyatvena sarva-karma-saṃnyāsārhatvāt ||42||

viśvanāthaḥ : alpa-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe gatir iyam uktā | cira-kālābhyasta-yoga-bhraṃśe tu pakṣāntaram āha athaveti | yogināṃ nimi-prabhṛtīnām ity arthaḥ ||42||

baladevaḥ : cirārābdhād yogād bhraṣṭasya gatim āha athaveti | yogināṃ yogam abhyasatāṃ dhīmatāṃ yoga-deśikānāṃ kule bhavaty utpadyate | dvividhaṃ janma stauti etad iti | yogārhāṇāṃ yogam abhyasatāṃ ca kule pūrva-yoga-saṃskāra-bala-kṛtam etaj janma prākṛtānām atidurlabham ||42||

BhG 6.43

tatra taṃ buddhi-saṃyogaṃ labhate paurvadehikam

śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha tatreti sārdhena | sa tatra dvi-prakāre 'pi janmani pūrva-dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam | tam eva brahma-viṣayayā buddhyā saṃyogaṃ labhate | tataś ca bhūyo 'dhikaṃ saṃsiddhau mokṣe prayatnaṃ karoti ||43||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-janma-dvayasya durlabhatvaṃ kasmāt ? yasmāt tatra tam iti | tatra dvi-prakāre 'pi janmani pūrva-dehe bhavaṃ paurvadehikam sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-gurūpasadana-śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanānāṃ madhye yāvat-paryantam anuṣṭhitaṃ tāvat paryantam eva taṃ brahmātmaikya-viṣayayā buddhyā saṃyogaṃ tat-sādhana-kalāpam iti yāvat | labhate prāpnoti | na kevalaṃ labhata eva kintu tatas tal-lābhānantaraṃ bhūyo 'dhikaṃ labdhāyā bhūmer agrimāṃ bhūmiṃ sampādayituṃ saṃsiddhau saṃsiddhir mokṣas tan-nimittaṃ yatate ca prayatnaṃ karoti ca | yāvan mokṣaṃ bhūmikāḥ sampādayatīty arthaḥ | he kuru-nandana tavāpi śucīnāṃ śrīmatāṃ kule yoga-bhraṣṭa-janama jātam iti pūrva-vāsanā-vaśād anāyāsenaiva jñāna-lābho bhaviṣyatīti sūcayituṃ mahā-prabhāvasya kuroḥ kīrtanam |

ayam artho bhagavad-vaśiṣṭha-vacane vyaktaḥ | yathā śrī-rāmaḥ -

pūrvaṃ hi sapta bhūmayo vyākhyātāḥ | tatra nityānitya-vastu-viveka-pūrvakād ihāmutrārtha-bhoga-vairāgyāc chama-dama-śraddhā-titikṣā-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsādi-puraḥsarā mumukṣā śubhecchākhyā prathamā bhūmikā | sādhana-catuṣṭaya-sampad iti tāvat | tataḥ śravaṇa-manana-pariniṣpannasya tattva-jñānasya nirvicikitsanā-rūpā tanu-mānasā nāma tṛtīyā bhūmikā | nididhyāsana-sampad iti yāvat | caturthī bhūmikā tu tattva-sākṣātkāra eva | pañcama-ṣaṣṭha-saptama-bhūmayas tu jīvanmukter avāntara-bhedā iti tṛtīye prāg-vyākhyātam | tatra caturthīṃ bhūmiṃ prāptasya mṛtasya jīvan-mukty-abhāve 'pi videha-kaivalyaṃ prati nāsty eva saṃśayaḥ | tad-uttara-bhūmi-trayaṃ prāptas tu jīvann api muktaḥ kim u videha iti nāsty eva bhūmikā-catuṣṭaye śaṅkā | sādhana-bhūta-bhūmikā-traye tu karma-tyāgāj jñānālābhāc ca bhavati śaṅketi tatraiva praśnaḥ |

śrī-vaśiṣṭhaḥ -

tatra pāg-bhavanābhyastaṃ yoga-bhūmi-kramaṃ budhāḥ | dṛṣṭvā paripatanty uccair uttaraṃ bhūmikā-kramam || iti |

atra prāg-upacita-bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyād alpa-kālābhyasta-vairāgya-vāsanā-daurbalyena prāṇotkrānti-samaye prādurbhūta-bhoga-spṛhaḥ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsī yaḥ sa evoktaḥ | yas tu vairāgya-vāsanā-prābalyāt prakṛṣṭa-puṇya-prakaṭita-parameśvara-prasāda-vaśena prāṇotkrānti-samaye 'nudbhūta-bhoga-spṛhaḥ saṃnyāsī bhoga-vyavadhānaṃ vinaiva brāhmaṇānām eva brahma-vidāṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnye kule samutpannas tasya prāktana-saṃskārābhivyaktenāyāsenaiva sambhavān nāsti pūrvasyaiva mokṣaṃ praty āśaṅketi sa vasiṣṭhena nokto bhagavatā tu parama-kāruṇikenāthaveti pakṣāntaraṃ kṛtvokta eva | spaṣṭam anyat ||43||

baladevaḥ : āmutrikīṃ sukha-sampattiṃ vaktuṃ pūrva-saṃskāra-hetukaṃ sādhanam āha tatreti | tatra dvividhe janmani paurvadaihikaṃ pūrva-dehe bhavam | buddhyā svadharma-svātma-paramātma-viṣayā saṃyogaṃ sambandhaṃ labhate | tataś ca hṛd-viśuddhi-sva-paramātmāvaloka-rūpāyāṃ saṃsiddhau nimitte svāpotthitavad bhūyo bahutaraṃ yatate | yathā punar vighna-hato na syāt ||43||

BhG 6.44

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetuḥ pūrveti | tenaiva pūrva-deha-kṛtābhyāsenāvaśo 'pi kutaścid ambharāyād anicchann api saṃhriyate viṣayebhyaḥ purāvṛtya brahma-niṣṭhaḥ kriyate | tad evaṃ pūrvābhyāsa-balena prayatnaṃ kurvan śanair mucyata itīmam arthaṃ kaimutya-nyāyena sphuṭayati jijñāsur iti sārdhena | yogasya svarūpaṃ jijñāsur eva kevalaṃ na tu prāpta-yogaḥ | evambhūto yoge praviṣṭa-mātro 'pi pāpa-vaśād yoga-bhraṣṭo 'pi śabda-brahma vedam ativartate | vedokta-karma-phalāny atikrāmati | tebhyo 'dhikaṃ phalaṃ prāpya mucyata ity arthaḥ ||44||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu yo brahma-vidāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ sarva-pramāda-kāraṇa-śūnye kule samutpannas tasya madhye viṣaya-bhoga-vyavadhānābhāvād avyavahita-prāg-bhavīya-saṃskārodbodhāt punar api sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvako jñāna-sādhana-lābho bhavatu nāma | yas tu śrīmatāṃ mahārāja-cakravartināṃ kule bahuvidha-viṣaya-bhoga-vyavadhānenotpannas tasya viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanā-prābalyāt pramāda-kāraṇa-sambhavāc ca katham ativyavahita-jñāna-saṃskārodbodhaḥ kṣatriyatvena sarva-karma-saṃnyāsānarhasya kathaṃ vā jñāna-sādhana-lābha iti | tathocyate pūrvābhyāseneti | aticira-vyavahita-janmopacitenāpi tenaiva pūrvābhyāsena prāg-arjita-jñāna-saṃskāreṇāvaśo 'pi mokṣa-sādhanāyāprayatamāno 'pi hriyate svavaśīkriyate | akasmād eva bhoga-vāsanābhyo vyutthāpya mokṣa-sādhanonmukhaḥ kriyate, jñāna-vāsanāyā evālpa-kālābhyastāyā api vastu-viṣayatvenāvastu-viṣayābhyo bhoga-vāsanābhyaḥ prābalyāt | paśya yathā tvam eva yuddhe pravṛtto jñānāyāpratayamāno 'pi pūrva-saṃskāra-prābalyād akasmād eva raṇa-bhūmau jñānonmukho 'bhūr iti | ataeva prāg uktaṃ nehābhikrama-nāśo 'sti [Gītā 2.40] iti | aneka-janma-sahasra-vyavahito 'pi jñāna-saṃskāraḥ sva-kāryaṃ karoty eva sarva-virodhy-upamardenety abhiprāyaḥ |

sarva-karma-saṃnyāsābhāve 'pi hi kṣatriyasya jñānādhikāraḥ sthita eva | yathā pāṭac-careṇa bahūnāṃ rakṣiṇāṃ madhye vidyamānam api aśvādi-dravyaṃ svayam anicchad api tān sarvān abhibhūya sva-sāmarthya-viśeṣād evāpahriyate | paścāt tu kadāpahṛtam iti vimarśo bhavati | evaṃ bahūnāṃ jñāna-pratibandhakānāṃ madhye vidyamāno 'pi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ svayam anicchann api jñāna-saṃskāreṇa balavatā svasāmarthaya-viśeṣād eva sarvān pratibandhakān abhibhūyātma-vaśī kriyata iti hṛñaḥ prayogena sūcitam | ataeva saṃskāra-prābalyāj jijñāsur jñātum icchur api yogasya mokṣa-sādhana-jñānasya viṣayaṃ brahma, prathama-bhūmikāyāṃ sthitaḥ saṃnyāsīti yāvat | so 'pi tasyām eva bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto 'ntarāle bahūn viṣayān bhuktvā mahārāja-cakravartināṃ kule samutpanno 'pi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ prāg-upacita-jñāna-saṃskāra-prābalyāt tasmin janmani śabda-brahma vedaṃ karma-pratipādakam ativartate 'tikramya tiṣṭhati karmādhikārātikrameṇa jñānādhikārī bhavatīty arthaḥ | etenāpi jñāna-karma-samuccayo nirākṛta iti draṣṭavyam | samuccaye hi jñānino 'pi karma-kāṇḍātikramābhāvāt ||44||

viśvanāthaḥ : hriyata ākṛṣyate | yogasya yogaṃ jijñāsur api bhavati | ataḥ śabda-brahma veda-śāstram ativartate vedokta-karma-mārgam atikramya vartate | kintu yoga-mārga eva tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||44||

baladevaḥ : tatra hetuḥ | tenaiva yoga-viṣayakeṇa pūrvābhyāsena sa yogī hriyate ākṛṣyate avaśo 'pi kenacid vighnenānicchann apīty arthaḥ | hīti prasiddho 'yaṃ yoga-mahimā | yogasya jijñāsur api tu yogam abhyasituṃ pravṛttaḥ śabda-brahma sa-kāma-karma-nirūpakaṃ vedam ativartate | taṃ na śabda-ghātīty arthaḥ ||44||

BhG 6.45

śrīdharaḥ : prayatnād iti | yadaivaṃ manda-prayatno 'pi yogī parāṃ gaitṃ yāti tadā yas tu yogī prayatnād uttarottaram adhikaṃ yoge yatamāno yatnaṃ kurvan yogenaiva saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo vidhūta-pāpaḥ so 'nekeṣu janmasūcitena yogena saṃsiddhaḥ samyag jñānī bhūtvā tataḥ śreṣṭhāṃ gatiṃ yātīti kiṃ vaktavyam ity arthaḥ ||45||

madhusūdanaḥ : yadā caivaṃ prathama-bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto 'pi aneka-bhoga-vāsanā-vyavahitam api vividha-pramāda-kāraṇavati mahārāja-kule 'pi janma labdhvāpi yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ pūrvopacita-jñāna-saṃskāra-prābalyena karmādhikāram atikramya jñānādhikārī bhavati tadā kim u vaktavyaṃ dvitīyāyāṃ tṛtīyāyāṃ vā bhūmikāyāṃ mṛto viṣaya-bhogānte labdha-mahārāja-kula-janmā yadi vā bhogam akṛtvaiva labdha-brahma-vid brāhmaṇa-kula-janmā yoga-bhraṣṭaḥ karmādhikārātikrameṇa jñānādhikārī bhūtvā tat-sādhanāni sampādya tat-phala-lābhena saṃsāra-bandhanān mucyata iti | tad etad āh prayatnād iti | prayatnāt pūrva-kṛtād apy adhikam adhikaṃ yatamānaḥ prayatnātirekaṃ kurvan yogī pūrvopacita-saṃskāravāṃs tenaiva yoga-prayatna-puṇyena saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo dhauta-jñāna-pratibandhaka-pāpa-malaḥ | ataeva saṃskāropacayāt puṇyopacayāc cānekair janmabhiḥ saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskārātirekeṇa puṇyātirekeṇa ca prāpta-carama-janmā tataḥ sādhana-paripākād yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ muktim | nāsty evātra kaścit saṃśaya ity arthaḥ ||45||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ yoga-bhraṃśe kāraṇaṃ yatna-śaithilyam eva ayatiḥ śraddhayopetaḥ ity uktaḥ | tasya ca yatna-śaithilyavato yoga-bhraṣṭasya janmāntare punar yoga-prāptir evoktā, na tu saṃsiddhiḥ | saṃsiddhis tu yāvadbhir janmabhis tasya yogasya paripākaḥ syāt | tāvadbhir evety avasīyate | yas tu na kadācid api yoge śaithilya-prayatnaḥ | sa na yoga-bhraṣṭa-śabda-vācyaḥ | kintu -

iti kardamokteḥ so 'pi naikena janmanā sidhyatīty āha prayatnād yatamānaḥ prakṛṣṭa-yatnād api yatnavān ity arthaḥ | tu-kāraḥ pūrvoktād yoga-bhraṣṭād asya bhedaṃ bodhayati | saṃśuddha-kilbiṣaḥ samyag-paripakva-kaṣāyaḥ | so 'pi naikena janmanā sidhyatīti saḥ | parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam ||45||

baladevaḥ : athāmutrikīṃ sukha-sampattim āha prayatnād iti | pūrva-kṛtād api prayatnād adhikam adhikaṃ yatamānaḥ pūrva-vighna-bhayāt prayatnādhikyaṃ kurvan yogī tenopacitena prayatnena saṃśuddha-kilbiṣo nidhauta-nikhilānya-vāsanaḥ | evam anekair janmabhiḥ saṃsiddhaḥ paripakva-yogo yoga-paripākād eva hetoḥ parāṃ sva-parātmāvaloka-lakṣaṇāṃ gatiṃ muktiṃ yāti ||45||

BhG 6.46

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapo-niṣṭhebhyaḥ | jñānibhyaḥ śāstra-jñāna-vidbhyo 'pi | karmibhya iṣṭa-pūrtādi-karma-kāribhyo 'pi | yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimataḥ | tasmāt tvaṃ yogī bhava ||46||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ yogī stūyate 'rjunaṃ prati śraddhātiśayotpādana-pūrvakaṃ yogaṃ vidhātuṃ tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapaḥ-parāyaṇebhyo 'pi adhika utkṛṣṭo yogī tattva-jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣaya-kārī |

vidyayā ta ārohanti yatra kāmāḥ parāgatāḥ | na tatra dakṣiṇā yānti nāvadvāṃsas tapasvinaḥ || iti śruteḥ |

ataeva karmibhyo dakṣiṇā-sahita-jyotiṣṭomādi-karmānuṣṭhānebhyaś cādhiko yogī | karmiṇāṃ tapasvināṃ cājñatvena mokṣānarhatvāt |

jñānibhyo 'pi parokṣa-jñānavadbhyo 'pi aparokṣa-jñānavān adhiko mato yogī | evam aparokṣa-jñānavadbhyo 'pi mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣayābhāvād ajīvan-muktebhyo mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣaya-vattvena jīvan-mukto yogy adhiko mato mama saṃyataḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmād adhikādhika-prayatna-balāttvaṃ yoga-bhraṣṭa idānīṃ tattva-jñāna-mano-nāśa-vāsanākṣayair yugapat-saṃpāditair yogī jīva-mukto yaḥ sa yogī paramo mata iti prāg-uktaḥ sa tādṛśo bhava sādhana-paripākāt | he 'rjuneti śuddheti sabodhanārthaḥ ||46||

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-jñāna-taop-yogavatāṃ madhye kaḥ śreṣṭha ity apekṣāyām āha tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi-tapo-niṣṭhebhyaḥ | jñānibhyaḥ brahmopāsakebhyo 'pi yogī paramātmopāsako 'dhiko mata iti mamedam eva matam iti bhāvaḥ | yadi jñānibhyo 'py adhikas tadā kim uta karmibhya ity āha karmibhyaś ceti ||46||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ jñāna-garbho niṣkāma-karma-yogo 'ṣṭāṅga-yoga-śirasko mokṣa-hetus tādṛśād yogād vibhraṣṭsyāntatas tat-phalaṃ bhaved ity abhidhāya yoginaṃ stauti tapasvibhya iti | tapasvibhyaḥ kṛcchrādi-tapaḥ-parebhyaḥ jñānibhyo 'rtha-śāstra-vidbhyaḥ karmibhyaḥ sakāmeṣṭā-pūrty-ādikṛdbhyaś ca yogī mad-ukta-yogānuṣṭhātādhikaḥ śreṣṭho mataḥ | ātma-jñāna-vaidhuryeṇa mokṣānarhebhyas tapasvy-ādibhyo mad-ukto yogī samuditātma-jñānatvena mokṣārhatvāt śreṣṭhaḥ ||46||

BhG 6.47

śrīdharaḥ : yoginām api yama-niyamādi-parāṇāṃ madhye mad-bhaktaḥ śreṣṭha ity āha yoginām apīti | mad-gatena mayy āsaktena | antarātmanā manasā | yo māṃ parameśvaraṃ vāsudevam | śraddā-yuktaḥ san bhajate | sa yoga-yukteṣu śreṣṭho mama saṃmataḥ | ato mad-bhakto bhava iti bhāvaḥ ||47||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ dhyāna-yogo nāma ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-yogi-śreṣṭhaṃ yoginaṃ vadann adhyāyam upasaṃharati yoginām iti | yogināṃ vasu-rudrādityādi-kṣudra-devatā-bhaktānāṃ sarveṣām api madhye mayi bhagavati vāsudeve puṇya-paripāka-viśeṣād gatena prīti-vaśān niviṣṭena mad-gatenāntarātmanāntaḥ-karaṇena prāg-bhavīya-saṃskāra-pāṭavāt sādhu-saṅgāc ca mad-bhajana evaṃ śraddhāvān atiśayena śraddadhānaḥ sambhajante sevata satataṃ cintayati yo māṃ nārāyaṇam īśvareśvaraṃ sa-guṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ vā manuṣyo 'yam īśvarāntara-sādhāraṇo 'yam ity ādi-bhramaṃ hitvā sa eva mad-bhakto yogī yuktatamaḥ sarvebhyaḥ samāhita-cittebhyo yuktebhyaḥ śreṣṭho me mama parameśvarasya sarvajñasya mato niścitaḥ | samāne 'pi yogābhyāsa-kleśe samāne 'pi bhajanāyāse mad-bhakti-śūnyebhyo mad-bhaktasyaiva śreṣṭhatvāt tvaṃ mad-bhaktaḥ paramo yuktatamo 'nāyāsena bhavituṃ śakṣyasīti bhāvaḥ |

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām adhyātma-yogo nāma ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi yoginaḥ sakāśān nāsty adhikaḥ ko 'pīty avasīyate | tatra maivaṃ vācyam ity āha yoginām api | pañcamy-arthe ṣaṣṭhī nirdhāraṇa-yogāt | tapasvibhyo jñānibhyo 'py adhika iti pañcamy-artha-kramāc ca yogibhyaḥ sakāśād apīty arthaḥ | na kevalaṃ yogibhya eka-vidhebhyaḥ sakāśāt | api tu yogibhyaḥ sarvebhyo nānā-vidhebhyo yogārūḍhebhyaḥ samprajñāta-samādhy-asamprajñāta-samādhimadbhyo 'pīti | yad vā yogā upāyāḥ karma-jñāna-tapo-yoga-bhakty-ādayas tadvatāṃ madhye yo māṃ bhajeta | mad-bhakto bhavati sa yuktatama upāyavattamaḥ | karmī tapasvī jñānī ca yogī mataḥ | aṣṭāṅga-yogī yogitaraḥ | śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhaktimāṃs tu yogitama ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ śrī-bhāgavate-

muktānām api siddhānāṃ nārāyaṇa-parāyaṇaḥ | sudurlabhaḥ praśāntātmā koṭiṣv api mahāmune || iti |

||6||

baladevaḥ : tad ittham ādyena ṣaṭkena saniṣṭhasya sādhanāni jñāna-garbhāni niṣkāma-karmāṇi yoga-śiraskāny abhidhāya madhyena pariniṣṭhitāder bhagavac-charaṇādīni sādhanāny abhidhāsyan tasmāt tasya śraiṣṭhyāvedakaṃ tat-sūtram abhidhatte yoginām iti | pañcamy-arthe ṣaṣṭhīyaṃ tapasvibhya iti pūrvopakramāt | na ca nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhīyam astu vakṣyamāṇasya yoginas tapasvy-ādi-vilakṣaṇa-kriyatvena teṣv anantar-bhāvāt | yadyapi tapasvy-ādīnāṃ mitho nyūnādhikatābhāvo 'sti | tathāpy avaratvaṃ tasmāt samānam | svarṇa-girer iva tad anyeṣām uccāvacānāṃ girīṇām iti | yaḥ śraddhāvān mad-bhakti-nirūpakeṣu śruty-ādi-vākyeṣu dṛḍha-viśvāsaḥ san māṃ nīlotpala-śyāmalam ājānu-pīvara-bāhuṃ savitṛ-kara-vikasitāravindekṣaṇaṃ vidyud-ujjvala-vāsasaṃ kirīṭa-kuṇḍala-kaṭaka-keyūra-hāra-kaustubha-nūpuraiḥ vanamālayā ca vibhrājamānaṃ sva-prabhayā diśo vitamisrāḥ kurvāṇaṃ nitya-siddha-nṛsiṃha-raghu-varyādi-rūpaṃ sarveśvaraṃ svayaṃ bhagavantaṃ manuṣya-saṃniveśi-vibhu-vijñānanda-mayaṃ yaśodā-stanandhayaṃ kṛṣṇādi-śabdair abhidhīyamānaṃ sārvajña-sarvaiśvarya-satya-saṅkalpāśrita-vātsalyādibhiḥ saundarya-mādhurya-lāvaṇyādibhiś ca guṇa-ratnaiḥ pūrṇaṃ bhajate śravaṇādibhiḥ sevate | mad-gatena mad-ekāsaktenāntarātmanā manasā viśiṣṭas tila-mātram api mad-viyogāsahaḥ sann ity arthaḥ | mad-bhaktaḥ sarvebhyas tapasvy-ādibhyo yogibhyo mad-eka-bhakto yuktatama ity arthaḥ |

atra vyācaṣṭe - nanu yoginaḥ sakāśān na ko 'py adhiko 'stīti cet tatrāha yoginām iti | yogāroha-tāratamyāt karma-yogino bahavas tebhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'pīti dhyānārūḍho yuktaḥ samādhy-ārūḍho yuktataraḥ śravaṇādi-bhaktimāṃs tu yuktatama iti | bhakti-śabdaḥ sevābhidhāyī | bhaja ity eṣa vai dhātuḥ sevāyāṃ parikīrtitaḥ | tasmāt sevā budhaiḥ proktā bhakti-śabdena bhūyasī || iti smṛteḥ |

etāṃ bhaktiṃ śrutir āha śraddhā-bhakti-dhyāna-yogād avehi iti |

yasya deve parā bhaktir yathā deve tathā gurau |

bhaktir asya bhajanaṃ tad-ihāmutropādhi-nairāsyenāmuṣmin manaḥ-kalpanam etad eva naiṣkarmyam [GTU 1.14] iti |

ātmānam eva lokam upāsīta [BAU 1.4.8] iti |

ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyo maitreyi [BAU 2.4.5, 4.5.6] iti caivam ādyāḥ |

sā ca bhaktir bhagavat-svarūpa-śakti-vṛtti-bhūtā bodhyā-

vijñāna-ghanānanda-ghanā sac-cid-ānandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.79] iti śruteḥ |

tasyāḥ śravaṇādi-kriyā-rūpatvaṃ tu cit-sukha-mūrteḥ sarveśvarasya kuntalādi-pratīkatvavat pratyetavyam | śravaṇādi-rūpāyā bhakteś cid-ānandatvaṃ tv anuvṛttyānubhāvyaṃ sitānusevayā pitta-vināśe tan-mādhuryam iveti ||47||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ ||6||

ṣaṣṭho 'dhyāyaḥ - dhyāna-yogaḥ

Bhagavadgita 7

BhG 7.1

pūrvādhyāyānte mad-gatenāntarātmanā yo māṃ bhajate sa me yuktatamo mataḥ ity uktam | atra kīdṛśas tvaṃ yasya bhaktiḥ kartavyety apekṣāyāṃ sva-svarūpaṃ nirupayiṣyan śrī-bhagavān uvāca mayīti | mayi parameśvara āsaktam abhiniviṣṭaṃ mano yasya saḥ | mad-āśrayo 'ham evāśrayo yasya | ananya-śaraṇaḥ san | yogaṃ yuñjann abhyasan asaṃśayaṃ yathā bhavaty evam | māṃ samagraṃ vibhūti-balaiśvaryādi-sahitaṃ yathā jñāsyasi tad idaṃ mayā vakṣyamāṇaṃ śṛṇu ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ -

evaṃ karma-saṃnyāsātmaka-sādhana-pradhānena prathama-ṣaṭkena jñeyaṃ tvaṃ-pada-lakṣyaṃ sa-yogaṃ vyākhyāyādhunā dhyeya-brahma-pratipādana-pradhānena madhyamena ṣaṭkena tat-padārtho vyākhyātavyaḥ | tatrāpi --

iti prāg-uktasya bhagavad-bhajanasya vyākhyānāya saptamo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra kīdṛśaṃ bhagavato rūpaṃ bhajanīyaṃ kathaṃ vā tad-gato 'ntarātmā syād ity etad-dvayaṃ praṣṭavyam arjunenāpṛṣṭam api parama-kāruṇikatayā svayam eva vivakṣuḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca mayīti |

mayi parameśvare sakala-jagad-āyatanatvādivividha-vibhūti-bhāgini āsaktaṃ viṣayāntara-parihāreṇa sarvadā niviṣṭaṃ mano yasya tava sa tvam | ataeva mad-āśrayo mad-eka-śaraṇaḥ | rājāśrayo bhāryādy-āsakta-manāś ca rāja-bhṛtyaḥ prasiddho mumukṣus tu mad-āśrayo mad-āsakta-manāś ca | tvaṃ tvad-vidho vā yogaṃ yuñjan manaḥ-samādhānaṃ ṣaṣṭhokta-prakāreṇa kurvan | asaṃśayaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ samagraṃ sarva-vibhūti-bala-śaktyaiśvaryādi-sampannaṃ māṃ yathā yena prakāreṇa jñāsyasi tac chṛṇūcyamānaṃ mayā ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ -

śrīmad-bhakti-yoga ucyate |

nanu tam eva viditvā atimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 6.15] iti śruteḥ | jñānaṃ vinā kevalayā bhaktyaiva kathaṃ mokṣaḥ brūṣe ? maivaṃ, tvam eva tat padārthaṃ paramātmānam eva viditvā sākṣād anubhūya, na tu tvaṃ-padārthaṃ ātmānaṃ nāpi prakṛtiṃ nāpi vastu-mātraṃ viditvā mṛtyum atyeti ity asyāḥ śruter arthaḥ | tatra sita-śarkarā-rasa-grahaṇe yathā rasanaiva kāraṇaṃ na tu cakṣuḥ-śrotrādikaṃ tathaiva guṇātītasya brahmaṇe grahaṇaṃ sambhavet, na tu dehādy-atiriktātma-jñānena sāttvikena | bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ [BhP 11.14.11] iti bhagavad-ukter iti | bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ [Gītā 18.55] ity atra sa-viśeṣaṃ pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ | jñāna-yogayor mukti-sādhanatva-prasiddhis tu tatrastha-guṇī-bhūta-bhakti-prabhāvād eva | tayā vinā tayor akiñcitkaratvasya bahuśaḥ śravaṇāt |

kiṃ ca, asyāṃ śrutau viditvā ity anantaram eva-kārasyāprayogād eva | yoga-vyavacchedābhāve jñāpite sati, tasmād eva paramātmano viditāt kvacid aviditād api mokṣa ity artho labhyate | tataś ca bhakty-utthena nirguṇena paramātma-jñānena mokṣaḥ | kvacit tu bhakty-utthaṃ taj-jñānaṃ vināpi kevalena bhakti-mātreṇa mokṣa ity arthaḥ paryavasyati | yathā matsyaṇḍikā-piṇḍād rasanā-doṣeṇālabdha-svādād api bhuktāt tad-eka-nāśyo vyādhir naśyaty evātra na sandehaḥ | matsyaṇḍikāni te khaṇḍa-vikārā śarkarāsite ity amaraḥ | śrīmad-uddhavenoktam -

nanv īśvaro 'nubhajato 'viduṣo 'pi sākṣāc chreyas tanoty agada-rāja ivopayuktaḥ [BhP 10.47.56] iti |

ekādaśe 'py uktaṃ - yat karmabhir yat tapasā jñāna-vairāgyataś ca yat ity ādau sarvaṃ mad-bhakti-yogena mad-bhakto labhate 'ñjasā [BhP 11.20.31-32] iti | ataeva yan-nāma-sakṛc-chravaṇāt pukkaso 'pi vimucyate saṃsārāt ity ādau bahuśo vākyair bhaktyaiva mokṣaḥ pratipādyata iti |

atha prakṛtam anusarāmaḥ |

iti tvad-vākyena tvan-manaskatve sati tvaj-jana-viṣayaka-śraddhāvattvam iti tvayā sva-bhakta-viśeṣa-lakṣaṇam eva kṛtam ity avagamyate | kintu sa ca kīdṛśo bhaktas tadīya-jñāna-vijñānayor adhikārī bhavatīty apekṣāyām āha mayy āsakteti dvābhyām | yadyapi -

ity ukter bhajan-prakramata eva mad-anubhava-kramo 'pi bhavati, tad apy eka-grāsa-mātra-bhojinas tathā tuṣṭi-puṣṭī na spaṣṭe bhavataḥ, kintu bahutara-grāsa-bhojina eva | tathaiva mayi śyāmasundare pītāmbare āsaktam āsakti-bhūmikārūḍhaṃ mano yasya tathābhūta eva tvaṃ māṃ jñāsyasi | yathā spaṣṭam anubhaviṣyasi, tat śṛṇu kīdṛśaṃ yogaṃ mayā saha saṃyogaṃ yuñjan śanaiḥ śanaiḥ prāpnuvan mad-āśrayaḥ | mām eva, na tu jñāna-karmādikam āśrayamāṇo 'nanya-bhakta ity arthaḥ |

atrāsaṃśayaṃ samagram iti padābhyāṃ madīya-nirviśeṣa-brahma-svarūpa-jñānaṃ

ity agrimokteḥ sa-saṃśayam eva | tathā jñāninām upāsyaṃ yad brahma parama-mahato mama mahima-svarūpam eva | yad uktaṃ mayaiva satyavrataṃ prati matsya-rūpeṇa -

madīyaṃ mahimānaṃ ca paraṃ brahmeti śabditam |

atrāpi brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] iti | ato maj-jñānam asamagram iti dyotitam ||1||

ādyena ṣaṭkenopāsakasya jīvasya svarūpaṃ tat-prāpti-sādhanaṃ ca prādhānyenoktam | madhyena tūpāsyasya svasya tat tac ca tathocyate | tatra ṣaṣṭhānta-nirdiṣṭaṃ tava bhajanīyaṃ rūpaṃ kīdṛśaṃ, kathaṃ vā bhajato 'ntarātmā tad-gataḥ syād ity etat pārthenāpṛṣṭam api kṛpālutvena svayam eva vivakṣur bhagavān uvāca mayīti | vyākhyāta-lakṣaṇe svopāsye mayy āsaktam atimātra-nirataṃ mano yasya sa tvam anyo vā tādṛśo mad-āśrayo mad-dāsya-sakhy-ādy-ekatamena bhāvena māṃ śaraṇaṃ gato yogaṃ mac-charaṇādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yuñjan kartuṃ pravṛttaḥ | asaṃśayaṃ yathā syāt tathā | kṛṣṇa eva paraṃ tattvam ato 'nyad veti sandeha-śūnyo mat-pāramya-niścayavān ity arthaḥ | samagraṃ sādhiṣṭhānaṃ savibhūtiṃ saparikaraṃ ca māṃ sarveśvaraṃ yena jñānena jñāsyasi tan mayocyamānam avahita-manāḥ śṛṇu | he pārtha ! na ca samagram iti kārtsnyena sa jñānam ādiśatīti vācyam anantasya tasya tathājñānāsambhavāt | smṛtiś ca kārtsnyena nājo 'py abhidhātum īśaḥ iti |

BhG 7.2

śrīdharaḥ - vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānaṃ stauti jñānam iti | jñānaṃ śāstrīyaṃ vijñānam anubhavaḥ | tat-sahitam idaṃ mad-viṣayam aśeṣataḥ sākalyena vakṣyāmi | yaj jñātveha śreyo-mārge vartamānasya punar anyaj jñātavyam avaśiṣṭaṃ na bhavati | tenaiva kṛtārtho bhavatīty arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ - jñāsyasīty ukte parokṣam eva taj jñānaṃ syād iti śaṅkāṃ vyāvartayan stauti śrotur ābhimukhyāya jñānam iti | idaṃ mad-viṣayaṃ svato 'parokṣa-jñānam | asambhāvanādi-pratibandhena phalam ajanayat parokṣam ity upacaryate asambhāvanādi-nirāse tu vicāra-paripākānte tenaiva pramāṇena janitaṃ jñānaṃ pratibandhābhāvāt phalaṃ janayad-aparokṣam ity ucyate | vicāra-paripāka-niṣpannatvāc ca tad eva vijñānaṃ, tena vijñānena sahitam idam aparokṣam eva jñānaṃ śāstra-janyaṃ te tubhyam ahaṃ param āpto vakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ sādhana-phalādi-sahitatvena niravaśeṣaṃ kathayiṣyāmi | śrautīm eka-vijñānena sarva-vijñāna-pratijñām anusarann āha yaj-jñānaṃ nitya-caitanya-rūpaṃ jñātvā vedānta-janya-mano-vṛtti-viṣayīkṛtyeha vyavahāra-bhūmau bhūyaḥ punar api anyat kiṃcid api jñātavyaṃ nāvaśiṣyate | sarvādhiṣṭhāna-san-mātra-jñānena kalpitānāṃ sarveṣāṃ bādhe san-mātra-pariśeṣāt tan-mātra-jñānenaiva tvaṃ kṛtārtho bhaviṣyasīty abhiprāyaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ - tatra mad-bhakter āsakti-bhūmikātaḥ pūrvam api me jñānam aiśvarya-mayaṃ bhavet | tad-uttaraṃ vijñānaṃ mādhuryānubhava-mayaṃ bhavet | tad-ubhayam api tvaṃ śṛṇv ity āha jñānam iti | anyaj jñātavyaṃ nāviśiṣyate iti man-nirviśeṣa-brahma-jñāna-vijñāne 'py etad-antarbhūta evety arthaḥ ||2||

baladevaḥ -- vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānaṃ stauti jñānam iti | idaṃ cid-acic-chaktimat-svarūpa-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ | tac ca sa-vijñānam vakṣyāmi | tac-chakti-dvaya-vivikta-svarūpa-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ vijñānaṃ tena sahitaṃ te tubhyaṃ prapannāyāśeṣataḥ sāmagryeṇopadekṣyāmīty arthaḥ | yat svarūpaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ yac ca dhyeyaṃ tad ubhaya-viṣayakaṃ jñānam atra vaktuṃ pratijñātaṃ yaj jñānaṃ jñātveha śreyo-vartmani niviṣṭasya jijñāsos tavānyaj jñātavyaṃ nāvaśiṣyate | sarvasya tad-antarbhāvāt ||2||

BhG 7.3

śrīdharaḥ - mad-bhaktiṃ vinā tu yaj jñānaṃ durlabham ity āha manuṣyāṇām iti | asaṅkhyātānāṃ jīvānāṃ madhye manuṣya-vyatiriktānāṃ śreyasi pravṛttir eva nāsti | manuṣyāṇāṃ tu sahasreṣu madhye kaścid eva puṇya-vaśāt siddhaya ātma-jñānāya prayatate | prayatnaṃ kurvatām api sahasreṣu kaścid eva prakṛṣṭa-puṇya-vaśād ātmānaṃ vetti | tādṛśānāṃ cātma-jñānāṃ sahasreṣu kaścid eva māṃ paramātmānaṃ mat-prasādena tattvato vetti | tad evam atidurlabham api yaj jñānaṃ tubhyam ahaṃ vakṣyāmīty arthaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ - atidurlabhaṃ caitan-mad-anugraham antareṇa mahā-phalaṃ jñānam | yato manuṣyāṇām iti | manuṣyāṇāṃ śāstrīya-jñāna-karma-yogyānāṃ sahasreṣu madhye kaścid eko 'neka-janma-kṛta-sukṛta-samāsādita-nityānitya-vastu-vivekaḥ san yatati yatate siddhaye sattva-śuddhi-dvārā jñānotpattaye | yatatāṃ yatamānānāṃ jñānāya siddhānāṃ prāg-arjita-sukṛtānāṃ sādhakānām api madhye kaścid ekaḥ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsana-paripākānte mām īśvaraṃ vetti sākṣātkaroti tattvataḥ pratyag-abhedena tattvam asīty ādi-gurūpadiṣṭa-mahā-vākyebhyaḥ | anekeṣu manuṣyeṣv ātma-jñāna-sādhanānuṣṭhāyī parama-durlabhaḥ | sādhanānuṣṭhāyiṣv api madhye phala-bhāgī parama-durlabha iti kiṃ vaktavyam asya jñānasya māhātmyam ity abhiprāyaḥ ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ - etac ca sa-vijñānaṃ maj-jñānaṃ pūrvam adhyāya-ṣaṭke prokta-lakṣaṇair jñānibhir yogibhir api durlabham iti vadana prathamaṃ vijñānam āha manuṣyāṇām iti | asaṅkhyātānāṃ jīvānāṃ madhye kaścid eve manuṣyo bhavati | manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu madhye kaścid eva śreyase yatate | tādṛśānām api manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaścid eva māṃ śyāmasundarākāraṃ tattvato vetti sākṣād anubhavatīti nirviśeṣa-brahmānubhavānandāt sahasra-guṇādhikaṃ sa-viśeṣa-brahmānubhavānandaḥ syād iti bhāvaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ - sva-jñānasya daurlabhyam āha manuṣyāṇām iti | uccāvaca-dheātma-asaṅkhyātā jīvās teṣu katicid eva manuṣyās teṣāṃ śāstrādhikāra-yogyānāṃ sahasreṣu madhye kaścid eva sat-prasaṅga-vaśāt siddhaye sva-parātmāvalokanāya yatate, na tu sarvaḥ | tādṛśānāṃ yatatāṃ yatamānānāṃ siddhānāṃ labdha-sva-parātmāvalokanānāṃ sahasreṣu madhye kaścid evaiko māṃ kṛṣṇaṃ tattvato vetti | ayam arthaḥ - śāstrīyārthānuṣṭhāyino bahavo manuṣyāḥ paramāṇu-caitanyaṃ svātmānaṃ prādeśa-mātraṃ mat-svāṃśaṃ paramātmānaṃ cānubhūya vimucyante | māṃ tu yaśodā-stanandhayaṃ kṛṣṇam adhunā tvat-sārathiṃ kaścid eva tādṛśa-sat-prasaṅgāvāpta-mad-bhaktis tattvato yāthātmyena vetti | avicintyānanta-śaktikatvena nikhila-kāraṇatvena sārvajñya-sārvaiśvarya-svabhakta-vātsalyādy-asaṅkhyeya-kalyāṇa-guṇa-ratnākaratvena pūrṇa-brahmatvena cānubhavatīty arthaḥ | vakṣyati ca sa mahātmā sudurlabhaḥ [Gītā 7.19], māṃ tu veda na kaścana [Gītā 7.26] iti ||3||

BhG 7.4

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtyedānīṃ prakṛti-dvārā sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartṛtveneśvara-tattvaṃ pratijñātaṃ nirūpayiṣyan parāpara-bhedena prakṛti-dvayam āha bhūmir iti dvyābhyām | bhūmy-ādi-śabdaiḥ pañca-gandhādi-tan-mātrāṇy ucyante | manaḥ-śabdena tat-kāraṇa-bhūto 'haṅkāraḥ | buddhi-śabdena tat-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam ahaṅkāra-śabdena tat-kāraṇam avidyā | ity evam aṣṭadhā bhinnā | yad vā bhūmy-ādi-śabdaiḥ pañca-mahā-bhūtāni sūkṣmaiḥ sahikīkṛtya gṛhyante | ahaṅkāra-śabdenaivāhaṅkāras tenaiva tat-kāryāṇīndriyāṇy api gṛhyante | buddhir iti mahat-tattvam | manaḥ-śabdena tu manasaivonneyam avyakta-rūpaṃ pradhānam iti | anena prakāreṇa me pakṛtir māyākhyā śaktir aṣṭadhā bhinnā vibhāgaṃ prāptā | caturviṃśati-bheda-bhinnāpy aṣṭa-svaivāntarbhāva-vivakṣayāṣṭadhā bhinnety uktam | tathā ca kṣetrādhyāya imām eva prakṛtiṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmanā prapañcayiṣyati -

mahābhūtāny ahaṅkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca | indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ || [Gītā 13.5] iti ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ prarocanena śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtyātmanaḥ sarvātmakatvena paripūrṇatvam avatārayann ādāv aparāṃ prakṛtim upanyasyati bhūmir iti | sāṅkhyair hi pañca tan-mātrāṇy ahaṅkāro mahān avyaktam ity aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ pañca mahā-bhūtāni pañca karmendriyāṇi pañca jñānendriyāṇi ubhaya-sādhāraṇaṃ manaś ceti ṣoḍaśa vikārā ucyante | etāny eva caturviṃśatis tattvāni | tatra bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ kham iti pṛthvy-ap-tejo-vāyv-ākāśākhya-pañca-mahābhūta-sūkṣmāvasthā-rūpāṇi gandha-rasa-rūpa-sparśa-śabdātmakāni pañca-tan-mātrāṇi lakṣyante | buddhy-ahaṅkāra-śabdau tu svārthāv eva | manaḥ-śabdena ca pariśiṣṭam avyaktaṃ lakṣyante prakṛti-śabda-sāmānādhikaraṇyena svārtha-hāner āvaśyakatvāt |

manaḥ-śabdena vā sva-kāraṇam ahaṅkāro lakṣyate pañca-tanmātra-saṃnikarṣāt | buddhi-śabdas tv ahaṅkāra-kāraṇe mahat-tattve mukhya-vṛttir eva | ahaṅkāra-śabdena ca sarva-vāsanā-vāsitam avidyātmakam avyaktaṃ lakṣyante pravartakatvādy-asādhāraṇa-dharma-yogāc ca | iti ukta-prakāreṇeyam aparokṣā sākṣi-bhāsyatvāt prakṛtir māyākhyā pārameśvarī śaktir anirvacanīya-svabhāvā triguṇātmikāṣṭadhā bhinno 'ṣṭabhiḥ prakārair bhedam āgatā | sarvo 'pi jaḍa-vargo 'traivāntarbhavatīty arthaḥ | sva-siddhānte cekṣaṇa-saṅkalpātmakau māyā-pariṇāmāv eva buddhy-ahaṅkārau | pañca-tan-mātrāṇi cāpañcīkṛta-pañca-mahā-bhūtānīty asakṛd avocām ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ -atha bhakti-mate jñānaṃ nāma bhagavad-aiśvarya-jñānam eva, na tu dehādy-atiriktātma-jñānam eveti | ataḥ svīyaiśvarya-jñānaṃ nirūpayan parāpara-bhedena svīya-prakṛti-dvayam āha bhūmir iti dvābhyām | bhūmy-ādi-śabdaiḥ pañca-mahā-bhūtāni sūkṣma-bhūtair gandhādibhiḥ sahaikīkṛtya saṅgṛhyante, ahaṅkāra-śabdena tat-kārya-bhūtānīndriyāṇi tat-kāraṇa-bhūta-mahat-tattvam api gṛhyate | buddhi-manasoḥ pṛthag-uktis tattveṣu tayoḥ prādhānyāt ||4||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ śrotāraṃ pārtham abhimukhīkṛtya svasya kāraṇa-svarūpaṃ cid-acic-chaktimad vaktuṃ te śaktī prāha bhūmir iti dvābhyām | caturviṃśatidhā prakṛtir bhūmy-ādy-ātmanāṣṭadhā bhinnā me madīyā bodhyā tan-mātrādīnāṃ bhūmy-ādiṣv antarbhāvād ihāpi caturviṃśatidhaivāvaseyā | tatra bhūmy-ādiṣu pañcasu bhūteṣu tat-kāraṇānāṃ gandhānāṃ pañcānāṃ tan-mātrāṇām antar-bhāvaḥ | ahaṅkāre tat-kāryāṇām ekādaśānām indriyāṇām | buddhi-śabdo mahat-tattvam āha | manaḥ-śabdas tu mano-gamyam avyakta-rūpaṃ pradhānam iti | śrutiś caivam āha-caturviṃśati-saṅkhyānām avyaktaṃ vyaktam ucyate iti | svayaṃ ca kṣetrādhyāye vakṣyati mahābhūtāny ahaṅkāraḥ [Gītā 13.5] ity ādinā ||4||

BhG 7.5

śrīdharaḥ - aparām imāṃ prakṛtim upasaṃharan parāṃ prakṛtim āha apareyam iti | aṣṭadhā yā prakṛtir ukteyam aparā nikṛṣṭā jaḍatvāt parārthatvāc ca | itaḥ sakāśāt parāṃ prakṛṣṭām anyāṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ jīva-svarūpāṃ me prakṛtiṃ viddhi jānīhi | paratve hetuḥ yayā cetanayā kṣetrajña-rūpayā svakarma-dvāreṇedaṃ jagad dhāryate ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ kṣetra-lakṣaṇāyāḥ prakṛter aparatvaṃ vadan kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇāṃ parāṃ prakṛtim āha apareyam iti | yā prāg aṣṭadhoktā prakṛtiḥ sarvācetana-varga-rūpā seyam aparā nikṛṣṭā jaḍatvāt parārthatvāt saṃsāra-bandha-rūpatvāc ca | itas tv acetana-varga-rūpāyāḥ kṣetra-lakṣaṇāyāḥ prakṛter anyāṃ vilakṣaṇāṃ tu-śabdād yathā-kathaṃcid apy abhedāyogyāṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ cetanātmikāṃ kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇāṃ me mamātma-bhūtāṃ viśuddhāṃ parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi he mahābāho, yayā kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇayā jīva-bhūtayāntar-anupraviṣṭayā prakṛtyedaṃ jagad-acetana-jātaṃ dhāryate svato viśīrya uttamyate anena jīvenātmanānupraviśa nāma-rūpe vyākaravāṇi iti śruteḥ | na hi jīva-rahitaṃ dhārayituṃ śakyam ity abhiprāyaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ - iyaṃ prakṛtir variyaṅgākhyā śaktir aparānutkṛṣṭā jaḍatvāt | ito 'nyāṃ prakṛtiṃ taṭasthāṃ śaktiṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ parām utkṛṣṭāṃ viddhi caitanyatvāt | asyā utkṛṣṭatve hetuḥ yayā cetanayedaṃ jagad acetanaṃ svabhogārthaṃ gṛhyate ||5||

baladevaḥ - eṣā prakṛtir aparā nikṛṣṭā jaḍatvād bhogyatvāc ceto jaḍāyāḥ prakṛter anyāṃ parāṃ cetanatvād bhoktṛtvāc cotkṛṣṭāṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ me madīyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi | he mahābāho pārtha ! paratve hetuḥ yayeti | yayā cetanayā idaṃ jagat sva-karma-dvārā dhāryate śayyāsanādivat sva-bhogāya gṛhyate | śrutiś ca harer eveyaṃ śaktis tvayīty āha pradhāna-kṣetrajña-patir guṇeśaḥ [ŚvetU 6.16] iti |

BhG 7.6

śrīdharaḥ - anayoḥ prakṛtitvaṃ darśayan svasya tad-dvārā sṛṣṭy-ādi-kāraṇatvam āha etad iti | ete kṣetra-kṣetrajña-rūpe prakṛtī yonī kāraṇa-bhūte yeṣāṃ tāny etad-yonīni | sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakāni sarvāṇi bhūtānīty upadhāraya budhyasva | tatra jaḍā prakṛtir deha-rūpeṇa pariṇamate | cetanā tu mad-aṃśa-bhūtā bhoktṛtvena deheṣu praviśya svakarmaṇā tāni dhārayati | te ca madīye prakṛtī mattaḥ sambhūte | ato 'ham eva kṛtsnasya sa-prakṛtikasya jagataḥ prabhavaḥ | prakarṣeṇa bhavaty asmād iti prabhavaḥ | paraṃ kāraṇam aham ity arthaḥ | tathā pralīyate 'neneti pralayaḥ | saṃhartāpy aham evety arthaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ - ukta-prakṛti-dvaye kārya-liṅgakam anumānaṃ pramāṇayan svasya tad-dvārā jaga-sṛṣṭy-ādi-kāraṇatvaṃ darśayati etad-yonīnīti | ete aparatvena paratvena ca prāg-ukte kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe prakṛtī yonir yeṣāṃ tāny etad-yonīni bhūtāni bhavana-dharmakāṇi sarvāṇi cetanācetanātmakāni janimanti nikhilānīty evam upadhāraya jānīhi | kāryāṇāṃ cid-acid-granthi-rūpatvāt kāraṇam api cid-acid-granthi-rūpam anuminv ity arthaḥ | evaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe mamopādhi-bhūte yataḥ prakṛtī bhavatas tatas tad-dvārāhaṃ sarvajñaḥ sarveśvaro 'nanta-śakti-māyopādhiḥ kṛtsnasya carācarātmakasya jagataḥ sarvasya kārya-vargasya prabhava utpatti-kāraṇaṃ pralayas tathā vināśa-kāraṇam | svāpnikasyeva prapañcasya māyikasya māyāśarayatva-viṣayatvābhyāṃ māyāvy aham evopādānaṃ draṣṭā cety arthaḥ ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ - etac chakti-dvaya-dvāraiva svasya jagat-kāraṇatvam āha etad iti | ete māyā-śakti-jīva-śaktī kṣetra-kṣetrajña-rūpe yonī kāraṇa-bhūte yeṣāṃ tāni sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakāni bhūtāni jānīhi | ataḥ kṛtsnasya sarvasyāsya jagataḥ prabhavo mac-chakti-dvaya-prabhūtatvād aham eva sraṣṭā | pralayas tac-chaktimati mayy eva pralīna-bhāvitvād aham evāsya saṃhartā ||6||

baladevaḥ -- etac chakti-dvaya-dvāraiva sarva-jagat-kāraṇatāṃ svasyāha etad iti | sarvāṇi sthira-carāṇi bhūtāny etad-yonīni upadhāraya viddhi | ete 'para-pare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-śabda-vācye mac-chaktī yonī kāraṇa-bhūte yeṣāṃ tānīty arthaḥ | te ca prakṛtī madīye matta eva sambhūte | ataḥ kṛtsnasya sa-prakṛtikasya jagato 'ham eva prabhava utpatti-hetuḥ | prabhavaty asmāt iti vyutpatteḥ | tasya pralaya-saṃhartāpy aham eva pralīyate 'nena iti vyutpatteḥ ||6||

BhG 7.7

śrīdharaḥ - yasmād evaṃ tasmāt matta iti | mattaḥ sakāśāt parataraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ jagataḥ sṛṣṭi-saṃhārayoḥ svatantraṃ kāraṇaṃ kiñcid api nāsti | sthiti-hetur apy aham evety āha mayīti | mayi sarvam idaṃ jagat protaṃ grathitam āśritam ity arthaḥ | dṛṣṭāntaḥ spaṣṭaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - yasmād aham eva māyayā sarvasya jagato janma-sthiti-bhaṅga-hetus tasmāt paramārthataḥ matta iti | nikhila-dṛśyākāra-pariṇata-māyādhiṣṭhānāt sarva-bhāsakān mattaḥ sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa ca sarvānusyūtān sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-caitanya-ghanāt paramārtha-satyāt svapna-dṛśa iva svāpnikaṃ māyāvina iva māyikaṃ śukti-śakalāvacchinna-caitanyādivat-tad-ajñāna-kalpitaṃ rajataṃ parataraṃ paramārtha-satyam anyat kiṃcid api nāsti he dhanañjaya | mayi kalpitaṃ paramārthato na matto bhidyata ity arthaḥ tad ananyatvam ārambhaṇa-śabdādibhyaḥ [Vs 2.1.14] iti nyāyāt | vyavahāra-dṛṣṭyā tu mayi sad-rūpe sphuraṇa-rūpe ca sarvam idaṃ jaḍa-jātaṃ protaṃ grathitaṃ mat-sattayā sad iva mat-sphuraṇena ca sphurad iva vyavahārāya māyā-mayāya kalpate | sarvasya caitanya-grathitatva-mātre dṛṣṭāntaḥ - sūtre maṇi-gaṇā iveti | athavā sūtre taijasātmani hiraṇyagarbhe svapna-dṛśi svapna-protā maṇi-gaṇā iveti sarvāṃśe dṛṣṭānto vyākhyeyaḥ |

anye tu param ataḥ setūn māna-sambandha-bheda-vyapadeśebhyaḥ [Vs 3.2.31] iti sūtroktasya pūrva-pakṣasyottaratvena ślokam imaṃ vyācakṣate | mattaḥ sarvajñāt sarva-śakteḥ sarva-kāraṇāt parataraṃ praśasyataraṃ sarvasya jagataḥ sṛṣṭi-saṃhārayoḥ svatantraṃ kāraṇam anyan nāsti he dhanañjaya ! yasmād evaṃ tasmān mayi sarva-kāraṇe sarvam idaṃ kārya-jātaṃ protaṃ grathitaṃ nānyan na | sūtre maṇi-gaṇā iveti dṛṣṭāntas tu grathitatva-mātre na tu kāraṇatve | kanake kuṇḍalādivad iti tu yogyo dṛṣṭāntaḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ -- yasmād evaṃ tasmād aham eva sarvam ity āha mattaḥ parataram anyat kiñcid apii nāsti | kārya-kāraṇayor aikyāt śakti-śaktimator aikyāc ca | tathā ca śrutiḥ ekam evādvitīyaṃ brahma, neha nānāsti kiñcana iti | evaṃ svasya sarvātmakatvam uktvā sarvāntaryāmitvaṃ cāha mayīti | sarvam idaṃ cij-jaḍātmakaṃ jagat mat-kāryatvān mad-ātmakam api punar mayy antaryāmiṇi protaṃ grathitaṃ yathā sūtre maṇi-gaṇāḥ protāḥ | madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādās tu sūtre maṇi-gaṇā iveti dṛṣṭāntas tu grathitatva-mātre, na tu kāraṇatve kanake kuṇḍalādivad iti tu yogyo dṛṣṭānta ity āhuḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ - nanu sthira-carayor apara-parayoḥ prakṛtyor api tvam eva tac-chaktimān yonir ity ukter nikhila-jagad-bījatvaṃ tava pratītaṃ, na tu sarva-paratvam | tac ca tad-bījāt tvatto 'nyasyaiva -

tato yad uttarataraṃ tad arūpam anāmayam | ya etad vidur amṛtās te bhavanti athetare

mattas tvat-sakhāt kṛṣṇāt parataraḥ śreṣṭham anyat kiñcid api nāsty aham eva sarva-śreṣṭhaṃ vastv ity arthaḥ | nanu tato yad uttarataram ity ādāv anyathā śrutim iti cen mandam etat kṣodākṣamatvāt | tathā hi

śvetāśvataraiḥ sarva-jagad-bījasya mahā-puruṣasya viṣṇor jñānam amṛtasya panthās tato nāstīty upadiśya tad-upapādanāya

yasmāt paraṃ nāparam asti kiñcid yasmān nāṇīyona jyāyo 'sti kiñcit iti tasyaiva paramatvaṃ tad-itarasya tad-asambhavaṃ ca pratipādya | tato yad uttarotaraṃ ity ādinā pūrvoktam eva nigamitam | na tu tato 'nyac-chreṣṭham astīti uktam | tathā sati teṣāṃ mṛṣāvāditvāpatteḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ-tathānya-pratiṣedhāt [Vs 3.2.36] iti | mad-anyasya kasyacid api śraiṣṭhyābhāvād aham eva mad-anya-sarvāśraya ity āha mayīti | protaṃ grathitaṃ sphuṭam anyat | etena viśvapālakatvaṃ svasyoktam ||7||

BhG 7.8

śrīdharaḥ - jagataḥ sthiti-hetutvam eva prapañcati raso 'ham iti pañcabhiḥ | apsu raso 'haṃ rasa-tan-mātra-rūpayā vibhūtyā tad-āśrayatenāpsu-sthito 'ham ity arthaḥ | tathā śaśi-sūryayoḥ prabhāsmi | candre sūrye ca prakāśa-rūpayā vibhūtyā tad-āśrayatvena sthito 'ham ity arthaḥ | uttarātrāpy evaṃ draṣṭavyam | sarveṣu vedeṣu vaikharī-rūpeṣu tan-mūla-bhūtaḥ praṇava oṅkāro 'smi | kha ākāśe śabda-tan-mātra-rūpo 'smi | nṛṣu puruṣeṣu pauruṣam udyamam asmi | udyame hi puruṣās tiṣṭhanti ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ - avādīnāṃ rasādiṣu protatva-pratīteḥ kathaṃ tvayi sarvam idaṃ protam iti ca na śaṅkyaṃ rasādi-rūpeṇa mamaiva sthitatvād ity āha raso 'ham iti pañcabhiḥ | rasaḥ puṇyo madhuras tan-mātra-rūpaḥ sarvāsām apāṃ sāraḥ kāraṇa-bhūto yo 'psu sarvāsvanugataḥ so 'haṃ he kaunteya tad-rūpe mayi sarvā āpaḥ protā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarveṣu paryāyeṣu vyākhyātavyam | iyaṃ vibhūtir ādhyānāyopadiśyata iti nātīvābhiniveṣṭavyam | tathā porabhā prakāśaḥ śaśi-sūryayor aham asmi | prakāśa-sāmānya-rūpe mayi śaśi-sūryau protāv ity arthaḥ | tathā praṇaya oṅkāraḥ sarva-vedeṣv anusyūto 'haṃ tad yathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni saṃtṛṇṇāny evam oṅkāreṇa sarvā vāk iti śruteḥ | saṃtṛṇṇāni grathitāni | sarvā vāk sarvo veda ity arthaḥ | śabdaḥ puṇyas tan-mātra-rūpaḥ kha ākāśe 'nusyūto 'ham | pauruṣaṃ puruṣatva-sāmānyaṃ nṛṣu puruṣeṣu yad anusyūtaṃ tad aham | sāmānya-rūpe mayi sarve viśeṣāḥ protāḥ śrautair dundubhy-ādi-dṛṣṭāntair iti sarvatra draṣṭavyam ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ - sva-kārye jagaty atra yathāham antaryāmi-rūpeṇa praviṣṭo varte, tathā kvacit kāraṇa-rūpeṇa kvacit kāryeṣu manuṣyādiṣu sāra-rūpeṇāpy ahaṃ varta ity āha raso 'ham iti caturbhiḥ | apsu rasa tat-kāraṇa-bhūto mad-vibhūtir ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvatrāgre 'pi | prabhā prabhā-rūpaḥ | praṇava oṅkāraḥ sarva-veda-kāraṇam | ākāśe śabdas tat-kāraṇam | nṛṣu pauruṣam sakala udyama-viśeṣa eva manuṣya-sāraḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ - tattvaṃ darśayati raso 'ham iti pañcabhiḥ | apsu raso 'haṃ rasa-tan-mātrayā vibhūtyā tāḥ pālayan tāsv ahaṃ vartate | tāṃ vinā tāsām asthiteḥ | śaśini sūrye cāhaṃ prabhāsmi prabhayā vibhūtyā tau pālayan tayor ahaṃ varte | evaṃ paratra draṣṭavyam | vaikharī-rūpeṣu sarva-vedeṣu tan-mūla-bhūtaḥ praṇavo 'ham | khe nabhasi śabdas tan-mātra-lakṣaṇo 'ham | nṛṣu pauruṣaṃ phalavān udyamo 'ham | tenaiva teṣāṃ sthiteḥ ||8||

BhG 7.9

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca puṇya iti | puṇyo 'vikṛto gandho gandha-tan-mātram | pṛthivyā āśraya-bhūto 'ham ity arthaḥ | yad vā vibhūti-rūpeṇāśrayatvasya vivakṣitatvāt surabhi-gandhasyaivotkṛṣṭatayā vibhūtitvāt puṇyo gandha ity uktam | tathā vibhāvasāgnau yat tejo duḥsahā sahajā dīptis tad aham | sarva-bhūteṣu jīvanaṃ prāṇa-dhāraṇa-vāyur aham ity arthaḥ | tapasviṣu vānaprasthādiṣu dvandva-sahana-rūpaṃ tapo 'smi ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - puṇyaḥ surabhir avikṛto gandhaḥ sarva-pṛthivī-sāmānya-rūpas tan-mātrākhyaḥ pṛthivyām anusyūto 'ham | ca-kāro rasādīnām api puṇyatva-samuccayārthaḥ | śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhānāṃ hi svabhāvata eva puṇyatvam avikṛtatvaṃ prāṇinām adharma-viśeṣāt tu teṣām apuṇyatvaṃ na tu svabhāvata iti draṣṭavyam | tathā vibhāvasāv agnau yat tejaḥ sarva-dahana-prakāśana-sāmarthya-rūpam uṣṇa-sparśa-sahitaṃ sita-bhāsvaraṃ rūpaṃ puṇyaṃ tad aham asmi | ca-kārādyo vāyau puṇya uṣṇa-sparśāturāṇām āpyāyakaḥ śīta-sparśaḥ so 'py aham iti draṣṭavyam | sarva-bhūteṣu sarveṣu prāṇiṣu jīvanaṃ prāṇa-dhāraṇam āyur aham asmi | tad-rūpe mayi sarve prāṇinaḥ protā ity arthaḥ | tapasviṣu nityaṃ tapo-yukteṣu vānaprasthādiṣu yat tapaḥ śītoṣṇa-kṣut-pipāsādi-dvandva-sahana-sāmarthya-rūpaṃ tad aham asmi | tad-rūpe mayi tapasvinaḥ protā viśeṣaṇābhāve viśiṣṭābhāvāt | tapaś ceti ca-kāreṇa cittaikāgryam āntaraṃ jihvopasthādi-nigraha-lakṣaṇaṃ bāhyaṃ ca sarvaṃ tapaḥ samuccīyate ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ -- puṇyo 'vikṛto gandhaḥ puṇyas tu cārv api ity amaraḥ | ca-kāro rasādīnām api puṇyatva-samuccayārthaḥ | tejaḥ sarva-vastu-pācana-prakāśana-śīta-trāṇādi-sāmarthya-rūpaḥ sāraḥ | jīvanam āyur eva sāraḥ | tapo dvandva-sahanādikam eva sāraḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ -- puṇyo 'vikṛto gandhas tan-mātra-lakṣaṇaḥ | ca-kāro rasādīnām aham api puṇyatva-samuccāyakaḥ | vibhāvasau vahnau tejaḥ sarva-vastu-pacana-prakāśanādi-sāmarthya-rūpaṃ ca śadād vāyau yaḥ puṇyaḥ sparśa uṣṇa-sparśa-vyākulānām āpāyakaḥ so 'ham iti bodhyam | jīvanam āyus tapo dvandva-sahanam ||9||

BhG 7.10

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca bījam iti | sarveṣāṃ carācarāṇāṃ bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ sajātīya-kāryotpādana-sāmarthyam | sanātanaṃ nityam uttarottara-sarva-kāryeṣv anusyūtam | tad eva bījaṃ mad-vibhūtiṃ viddhi | na tu prativyakti vinaśyam | tathā buddhimatāṃ buddhiḥ prajñāham asmi | tejasvināṃ pragalbhānāṃ tejaḥ pragalbhatām ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ - sarvāṇi bhūtāni sva-sva-bījeṣu protāni na tu svayīti cen nety āha bījam iti | yat sarva-bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānām ekaṃ bījaṃ kāraṇaṃ | sanātanaṃ nityaṃ bījāntarānapekṣaṃ na tu prativyakti-bhinnam anityaṃ vā tad-avyākṛtākhyaṃ sarva-bījaṃ mām eva viddhi na tu mad-bhinnaṃ he pārtha | ato yuktam ekasminn eva mayi sarva-bīje protatvaṃ sarveṣām ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca buddhis tattvātattva-viveka-sāmarthyaṃ tādṛśa-buddhimatām aham asmi | buddhi-rūpe mayi buddhimantaḥ protā viśeṣaṇābhāve viśiṣṭābhāvasyoktatvāt | tathā tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ - bījam avikṛtaṃ kāraṇaṃ pradhānākhyam ity arthaḥ | sanātanaṃ nityaṃ buddhimatāṃ buddhir eva sāraḥ ||10||

baladevaḥ - sarva-bhūtānāṃ carācarāṇāṃ yad eka-bījaṃ sanātanaṃ nityaṃ, na tu prativyakti-bhinnam anityaṃ vā tat pradhānākhyaṃ sarva-bījaṃ mām eva viddhi tad-rūpayā vibhūtyā tāny ahaṃ pālayāmi tat-pareṇa hi tāni puṣyante | buddhiḥ sārāsāra-vivekavatī | tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ parābhibhava-sāmarthyaṃ parān abhibhāvyatvaṃ ca ||10||

BhG 7.11

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca balam iti | kāmo 'prāpte vastuny abhilāṣo rājasaḥ | rāgaḥ punar abhilaṣite 'rthe prāpte 'pi punar adhike 'rthe citta-rañjanātmakas tṛṣṇāpara-paryāyas tāmasaḥ | tābhyāṃ vivarjitaṃ balavatāṃ balam aham asmi | sāttvikaṃ sva-dharmānuṣṭhāna-sāmarthyam aham ity arthaḥ | dharmeṇāviruddhaḥ sva-dāreṣu putrotpādana-mātropayogī kāmo 'ham iti ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ - aprāpto viṣayaḥ prāpti-kāraṇābhāve 'pi prāpyatām ity ākāraś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ kāmaḥ | prāpto viṣayaḥ kṣaya-kāraṇe saty api na kṣīyatām ity evam-ākāraś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣo rañjanātmā rāgas tābhyāṃ viśeṣeṇa varjitaṃ sarvathā tad-akāraṇaṃ rajas-tamo-virahitaṃ yat svadharmānuṣṭhānāya dehendriyādi-dhāraṇa-sāmarthyaṃ sāttvikaṃ balam balavatāṃ tādṛśa-sāttvika-bala-yuktānāṃ saṃsāra-parāṅmukhānāṃ tad aham asmi | tad-rūpe mayi balavantaḥ protā ity arthaḥ | ca-śabdas tu-śabdārtho bhinna-kramaḥ | kāma-rāga-vivarjitam eva balaṃ mad-rūpatvena dhyeyaṃ na tu saṃsāriṇāṃ kāma-rāga-kāraṇaṃ balam ity arthaḥ |

krodhārtho vā rāga-śabdo vyākhyeyaḥ | dharmo dharma-śāstraṃ tenāviruddho 'pratiṣiddho dharmānukūlo vā yo bhūteṣu prāṇiṣu kāmaḥ śāstrānumata-jāyā-putra-vittādi-viṣayo 'bhilāṣaḥ so 'ham asmi | he bharatarṣabha ! śāstrāviruddha-kāma-bhūte mayi tathāvidha-kāma-yuktānāṃ bhūtānāṃ protatvam ity arthaḥ ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ - kāmaḥ sva-jīvikādy-abhilāṣaḥ | rāgaḥ krodhas tad-vivarjitam | na tad-dvayotthitam ity arthaḥ | dharmāviruddhaḥ sva-bhāryāyāṃ putrotpatti-mātropayogī ||11||

baladevaḥ -- kāmaḥ sva-jīvikādy-abhilāṣaḥ | rāgas tu prāpte 'py abhilaṣite 'rthe punas tato 'py adhike 'rthe citta-rañjanātmako 'titṛṣṇāpara-nāmā, tābhyāṃ vivarjitaṃ balaṃ sva-dharmānuṣṭhāna-sāmarthyam ity arthaḥ | dharmāviruddhaḥ svapatnyāṃ putrotpatti-mātra-hetuḥ ||11||

BhG 7.12

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca ye caiveti | ye cānye 'pi sāttvika-bhāvāḥ śama-damādayaḥ | rājasāś ca harṣa-darpādayaḥ | tāmasāś ca śoka-mohādayaḥ | prāṇināṃ sva-karma-vaśāj jāyante tān matta eva jātān iti viddhi | madīya-prakṛti-guṇa-kāryatvāt | evam api teṣv ahaṃ na varte | jīvavat tad-adhīno 'haṃ na bhavāmīty arthaḥ | te tu mad-adhīnāḥ santo mayi vartanta ity arthaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ - kim evaṃ parigaṇanena ye caiveti | ye cānye 'pi bhāvāś citta-pariṇāmāḥ sāttvikāḥ śama-damādayaḥ | ye ca rājasā harṣa-darpādayaḥ | ye ca tāmasāḥ śoka-mohādayaḥ prāṇinām avidyā-karmādi-vaśāj jāyante tān matta eva jāyamānān iti ahaṃ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ prabhava ity ādy-ukta-prakāreṇa viddhi samastān eva | athavā sāttvikā rājasās tāmasāś ca bhāvāḥ sarve 'pi jaḍa-vargā vyākhyeyā viśeṣa-hetv-abhāvāt | eva-kāraś ca samastāvadhāraṇārthaḥ | evam api na tv ahaṃ teṣu, matto jātatve 'pi tad-vaśas tad-vikāra-rūṣito rajju-khaṇḍa iva kalpita-sarva-vikāra-rūṣito 'haṃ na bhavāmi saṃsārīva | te tu bhāvā mayi rajjvām

viśvanāthaḥ - evaṃ vastu-kāraṇa-bhūtā vastu-sāra-bhūtāś ca rākṣasādyāś ca vibhūtayaḥ kāścid uktāḥ | kintv alam ativistareṇa | mad-adhīnaṃ vastu-mātram eva mad-vibhūtir ity āha ye caiveti | sāttva-bhāvāḥ śama-damādayo devādyāś ca | rājasā harṣa-darpādayo 'surādyāś ca | tāmasāḥ śoka-mohādayo rākṣasādyāś ca | tān matta eveti madīya-prakṛti-guṇa-kāryatvāt | teṣv ahaṃ na varte | jīvavat tad-adhīno 'haṃ na bhavāmīty arthaḥ | te tu mayi mad-adhīnāḥ santa eva vartante ||12||

baladevaḥ -- evaṃ kāṃścid vibhūtir abhidhāya samāsena sarvās tāḥ prāha ye caiveti | ye mitho vilakṣaṇa-svabhāvāḥ sāttvikādayo bhāvāḥ prāṇināṃ śarīrendriya-viṣayātmanā ta-kāraṇatvena cāvasthitās tān sarvān tat-tac-chakty-upetān matta evopapannān viddhi | na tv ahaṃ teṣu varte naivāhaṃ tad-adhīna-sthitiḥ | te mayi mad-adhīna-sthitaya ity arthaḥ ||12||

BhG 7.13

śrīdharaḥ - evambhūtam īśvaraṃ tvām ayaṃ janaḥ kim iti na jānātīti ? ata āha tribhir iti | tribhis trividhair ebhiḥ pūrvoktair guṇa-mayaiḥ kāma-lobhādibhir guṇa-vikārair bhāvaiḥ svabhāvair mohitam idaṃ jagat | ato māma nābhijānāti | kathambhūtam ? ebhyo bhāvebhyaḥ param | ebhir aspṛṣṭam eteṣāṃ niyantāram | ataevāvyayaṃ nirvikāram ity arthaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ - tava parameśvarasya svātantrye nitya-śuddha-buddham ukta-svabhāvatve ca sati kuto jagatas tvad-ātmakasya saṃsāritvam | evaṃvidha-matsvarūpāparijñānād iti cet, tad eva kuta ity ata āha tribhir iti | ebhiḥ prāg-uktais tribhis trividhair guṇa-mayaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-vikārair bhāvaiḥ sarvair api bhavana-dharmabhir sarvam idaṃ jagat prāṇi-jātaṃ mohitam vivekāyogyatvam āpāditaṃ sad ebhyo guṇamayebhyo bhāvebhyaḥ param eṣāṃ kalpanādhiṣṭhānam atyanta-vilakṣaṇam avyayaṃ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyam aprapañcam ānanda-ghanam ātma-prakāśam avyavahitam api māṃ nābhijānāti | tataś ca svarūpāparicayāt saṃsaratīvety aho daurbhāgyam aviveki-janasyety

viśvanāthaḥ - nanv evambhūtaṃ tvā parameśvaraṃ katham ayaṃ jano na jānātīty ata āha tribhir iti | guṇamayaiḥ śama-damādi-harṣādi-śokādyair bhāvaiḥ svābhāvībhūtair jagaj jagaj-jāta-jīva-vṛndaṃ mohitaṃ sat māṃ nirguṇatvād ebhyaḥ param avyayaṃ nirvikāram ||13||

baladevaḥ - atha śakti-dvaya-viviktaṃ svasya dhyeya-svarūpaṃ darśayan tasyājñāne tad-āsaktim eva hetum āha tribhir iti | ebhiḥ pūrvoditair guṇamayair man-māyā-guṇa-kāryais trividhaiḥ sāttvikādibhir bhāvair bhavana-dharmibhiḥ kṣaṇa-pariṇāmibhis tat-tat-karmānuguṇa-śarīrendriya-viṣayātmanāvasthitair mohitam avivekitāṃ nītaṃ sat sarvam idaṃ jagat surāsura-manuṣyādy-ātmanāvasthitaṃ jīva-vṛndaṃ kartṛ ebhyaḥ sāttvikādibhyo bhāvebhyaḥ paraṃ tair aspṛṣṭam ananta-kalyāṇa-guṇa-ratnākaraṃ vijñānānanda-ghanaṃ sarveśvaram avyayam apracyuta-svabhāvaṃ māṃ kṛṣṇaṃ

BhG 7.14

śrīdharaḥ - ke tarhi tvāṃ jānantīti ? ata āha daivīti | daivy alaukikī | atyadbhutety arthaḥ | guṇa-mayī sattvādi-guṇa-vikārātmikā | mama parameśvarasya śaktir māyā duratyayā dustarā hi | prasiddhim etam | tathāpi mām eva ity eva-kāreṇāvyabhicāriṇyā bhaktyā ye prapadyante bhajanti māyām etāṃ sudustarām api te taranti | tato māṃ jānantīti bhāvaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanu yathoktānādi-siddha-māyā-guṇa-traya-baddhasya jagataḥ svātntryābhāvena tat-parivarjanāsāmārthyān na kadācid api māyātikramaḥ syād vastu-vivekāsāmārthya-hetoḥ sadātanatvādityāśaṅkya bhagavad-eka-śaraṇatayā tattva-jñāna-dvāreṇa māyātikramaḥ sambhavatīty āha daivīti | daivī eko devo sarva-bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ [ŚvetU 6.11] ity-ādi-śruti-pratipādite svatodyotanavati deve sva-prakāśa-caitanyānande nirvibhāge tad-āśrayatayā tad-viṣayatayā ca kalpitā āśrayatva-viṣayatva-bhāginī nirvibhāga-citir eva kevalā [Saṃ.Śārī 1.319] ity ukteḥ | eṣā sākṣi-pratyakṣatvenāpalāpānarhā | hi-śabdād bhramopādānatvād arthāpatti-siddhā ca | guṇa-mayī sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-trayātmikā | triguṇa-rajjur ivātidṛdhatvena bandhana-hetuḥ | mama māyāvinaḥ parameśvarasya sarva-jagat-kāraṇasya sarvajñasya sarva-śakteḥ sva-bhūtā svādhīnatvena jagat-sṛṣṭy-ādi-nirvāhikā | māyā tattva-pratibhāsi-pratibandhenātattva-pratibhāsa-hetur āvaraṇa-vikṣepa-śakti-dvayavaty avidyā sarva-prapañca-prakṛtiḥ māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.19] iti śruteḥ |

atraivaṃ prakriyā | jīveśvara-jagad-vibhāga-śūnye caitanye 'dhyastānādir avidyā sattva-prādhānyena svacchā darpaṇa iva mukha-bhāsaṃ cid-ābhāsam āgṛhṇāti | tataś ca bimba-sthānīyaḥ parameśvara upādhi-doṣānāskanditaḥ pratibimba-sthānīyaś ca jīva upādhi-doṣāskanditaḥ | īśvarāc ca jīva-bhogāyākāśādi-krameṇa śarīrendriya-saṅghātas tad-bhogyaś ca kṛtsnaḥ prapañco jāyata iti kalpanā bhavati | bimba-pratibimba-mukhānugata-mukhavac ceśa-jīvānugataṃ māyopādhi caitanyaṃ sākṣīti kalpyate | tenaiva ca svādhyastā māyā tat-kāryaṃ ca kṛtsnaṃ prakāśyate | ataḥ sākṣy-abhiprāyeṇa daivīti bimbeśvarābhiprāyeṇa tu memeti bhagavtoktam | yadyapy avidyā-pratibimba eka eva jīvas tathāpy avidyā-gatānām

antaḥ-karaṇopādhi-bhedāparyālocane tu jīvatva-prayojakopādher ekatvād ekatvenaivātra vyapadeśaḥ | kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu [Gītā 13.2], prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api [Gītā 13.19], mamaivāṃśo jīva-loke jīva-bhūtaḥ sanātanaḥ [Gītā 15.7] ity ādi | śrutau ca brahma vā idam agra āsīt tad ātmānam evāvedahaṃ brahmāsmīti tasmāt tat sarvam abhavat [BAU 1.4.10], eko devaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ [ŚvetU 6.11], anena jīvenā ' 'tmanā ' ' nupraviśya [ChāU 6.3.2]

bālāgra-śata-bhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca |

yadyapi darpaṇa-gataś caitra-pratibimbaḥ svaṃ paraṃ ca na jānāty acetanāṃśasyaiva tatra pratibimbitatvāt tathāpi cit-pratibimbaś cittvād eva svaṃ paraṃ ca jānāti | pratibimba-pakṣe bimba-caitanya evopādhisthatva-mātrasya kalpitatvāt | ābhāsa-pakṣe tasyānirvacanīyatve 'pi jaḍa-vilakṣaṇatvāt | sa ca yāvat sva-bimbaikyam ātmano na jānāti tāvaj jala-sūrya iva jala-gata-kampādikam upādhi-gataṃ vikāra-sahasram anubhavati | tad etad āha duratyayeti | bimba-bhūteśvaraikya-sākṣātkāram antareṇātyetuṃ taritum aśakyeti duratyayā | ataeva jīvo 'ntaḥkaraṇāvacchinnatvāt tat-sambaddham evākṣyādi-dvārā bhāsayan kiṃcij jño bhavati | tataś ca jānāmi karomi bhuñje cety anartha-śata-bhājanaṃ bhavati | sa ced bimba-bhūtaṃ bhagavantam ananta-śaktiṃ māyā-niyantāraṃ sarva-vidaṃ sarva-phala-dātāram aniśam ānanda-ghana-mūrtim anekaānavatārān bhaktānugrahāya vidadhatam ārādhayati samarpaṇena tadā bimba-samarpitasya pratibimbe pratiphalanāt sarvān api puruṣārthān āsādayati | etad evābhipretya prahlādenoktaṃ -

naivātmanaḥ prabhur ayaṃ nija-lābha-pūrṇo mānaṃ janād aviduṣaḥ karuṇo vṛṇīte | yad yaj jano bhagavate vidadhīta mānaṃ

darpaṇa-pratibimbitasya mukhasya tilakādi-śrīr apekṣitā ced bimba-bhūte mukhe samarpaṇīyā | sā svayam eva tatra pratiphalati nānyaḥ kaścit tat-prāptāv upāyo 'sti yathā tathā bimba-bhūteśvare samarpitam eva tat-pratibimba-bhūto jīvo labhate nānyaḥ kaścit tasya puruṣārtha-lābhe 'sty upāya iti dṛṣṭānta-dārṣṭānikayor arthaḥ |

tasya yadā bhagavantam anantam anavaratam ārādhayato 'ntaḥkaraṇaṃ jñāna-pratibandhaka-pāpena rahitaṃ jñānānukūla-puṇyena copacitaṃ bhavati tadātinirmale mukura-maṇḍala iva mukham atisvacche 'ntaḥkaraṇe sarva-karma-tyāga-śama-damādi-pūrvaka-gurūpasadana-vedānta-vākya-śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanaiḥ saṃskṛte tattvam asīti-gurūpadiṣṭa-vedānnta-vākya-karaṇikāhaṃ brahmāsīmty anātmākāra-śūnyā nirupādhi-caitanyākārā sākṣātkārātmikā vṛttir udeti | tasyāṃ ca pratiphalaitaṃ caitanyaṃ sadya eva sva-viṣayāśrayām avidyām unmūlayati dīpa iva tamaḥ | tatas tasyā nāśāt tayā vṛttyā sahākhilasya kārya-prapañcasya nāśaḥ | upādāna-nāśād upādeya-nāśasya sarva-tantra-siddhānta-siddhatvāt | tad etad āha bhagavān mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te iti | ātmety evopāsīta [BAU 1.4.7], tad ātmānam evāvet [BAU 1.4.10], tam eva dhīro vijñāya [BAU 4.4.23], tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 6.15] ity ādi-śrutiṣv ivehāpi mām evety eva-kāro 'py anuparaktatā-pratipatty-arthaḥ | mām eva sarvopādhi-virahitaṃ vidānanda-sadātmānam akhaṇḍaṃ ye prapadyante vedānta-vākya-janyayā nirvikalpa-sākṣātkāra-rūpayā nirvacanānarha-śuddha-cid-ākāratva-dharma-viśiṣṭayā sarva-sukṛta-phala-bhūtayā nididhyāsana-paripāka-prasūtayā ceto-vṛttyā sarvājñāna-tat-kārya-virodhinyā viṣayīkurvanti te ye kecid etāṃ duratikramaṇīyām api māyām akhilānartha-janma-bhuvam anāyāsenaiva taranti atikrāmanti tasya ha na devāś canābhūtyā īśata ātmā hy eṣā sa bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | sarovādhi-nivṛttyā saccidānanda-ghana-rūpeṇaiva tiṣṭhantīty artaḥ | bahu-vacana-prayogo dehendriyādi-saṃghāta-bheda-nbandhanātma-bheda-bhrānty-anuvādārthaḥ |

prapaśyantīti vaktavye prapadyanta ity ukte 'rthe mad-eka-śaraṇāḥ santo mām eva bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam īdṛśam ananta-saundarya-sāra-sarvasvam akhila-kalā-kalāpa-nilayam abhinava-paṅkaja-śobhādhika-caraṇa-kamala-yugala-prabham anavarata-veṇu-vādana-nirata-vṛndāvana-krīḍāsakta-mānasa-heloddhṛta-govardhanākhya-mahīdharaṃ gopālaṃ niṣūdita-śiśupāla-kaṃsādi-duṣṭa-saṅgham abhinava-jalada-śobhā-sarvasva-haraṇa-caraṇaṃ paramānanda-ghana-maya-mūrtimati-vairiñca-prapañcam anavaratam anucintayanto divasān ativāhayanti te mat-prema-mahānanda-samudra-magna-manasas tathā samasta-māyā-guṇa-vikārair nābhibhūyante | kintu mad-vilāsa-vinoda-kuśalā ete mad-unmūlana-samarthā iti śaṅkamāneva māyā tebhyo 'pasarati vāravilāsinīva krodhanebhyas tapodhanebhyas tasmān māyā-taraṇārthī mām īdṛśam eva santatam anucintayed ity apy abhipretaṃ bhagavataḥ | śrutayaḥ smṛtayaś cātrārthe pramāṇīkartavyāḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ - nanu tarhi triguṇa-maya-mohāt katham uttīrṇā bhavanti ? tatrāha daivīti | daivī viṣayānandena dīvyantīti devā jīvās tadīyā teṣāṃ mohayitrīty arthaḥ | guṇa-mayī śleṣeṇa triveṣṭana-mahā-pāśa-rūpā | mama parameśvarasya māyā bahiraṅgā śaktir duratyayā duratikramā | pāśa-pakṣe, chettum udgranthayituṃ vā kenāpy aśaktyety arthaḥ | kintu mad-vāci viśvasihi iti sva-vakṣaḥ spṛṣṭvāha māṃ śyāmasundarākāram eva ||14||

baladevaḥ -- nanu triguṇāyas-tan-māyāyā nityatvāt tad-dhetukasya mohasya vinivṛttir durghaṭeti cet tatrāha daivīti | mama sarveśvarasyāvitarkyātivicitrānanta-viśva-sraṣṭur eṣā māyā daivī | alaukiky atyadbhutety arthaḥ | tādṛk viśva-sargopakaraṇatvāt | śrutiś caivam āha - māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10] ity ādyā | guṇamayī sattvādi-guṇa-trayātmikā, śleṣeṇa triguṇitā rajjur ivāti-dṛḍhatayā jīvānāṃ bandhu-hetuḥ | ato duratyayā teṣāṃ duratikramā | rajju-pakṣe chettum udgrathituṃ ca tair aśaktyety arthaḥ | yadyapy etādṛśī tathāpi mad-bhaktyā tad-vinivṛttiḥ syād ity āha mām iti | māṃ sarveśvaraṃ māyā-niyantāraṃ sva-prapanna-vātsalya-nīradhiṃ kṛṣṇaṃ ye tādṛśa-sat-prasaṄgāt prapadyate śaraṇaṃ gacchanti te etām arṇavam ivāpārāṃ māyāṃ goṣpadodakāñjalim ivāśrameṇa taranti | tāṃ tīrtvānadaika-rasaṃ prasādābhimukhaṃ sva-svāminaṃ māṃ prāpnuvantīti | mām evety eva-kāro mad-anyeṣāṃ vidhi-rudrādīnāṃ prapattyā tasyās taraṇaṃ nety āha śrutiś caivam āha tam eva viditvety ādyā mucukundaṃ prati devāś ca -

varaṃ vṛṇīṣva bhadraṃ te ṛte kaivalyam adya naḥ |

BhG 7.15

śrīdharaḥ - yady evaṃ tarhi sarve tvām eva kim iti na bhajanti ? tatrāha na mām iti | nareṣu ye 'dhamās te māṃ na prapadyante na bhajanti | adhamatve hetuḥ -mūḍhā viveka-śūnyāḥ | tat kutaḥ ? duṣkṛtinaḥ pāpa-śīlāḥ | ato māyayāpahṛtaṃ nirastaṃ śāstrācāryopadeśābhyāṃ jātam api jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te tathā | ataeva dambho darpo 'bhimānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva cety ādinā vakṣyamāṇam āsuraṃ bhāvam svabhāvaṃ prāptāḥ santo na māṃ bhajanti ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ - yady evaṃ tarhi kim iti nikhilānartha-mūla-māyonmūlanāya bhagavantaṃ bhavantam eva sarve na pratipadyante cira-saṃcita-durita-pratibandhād ity āha bhagavān na mām iti | duṣkṛtino duṣkṛtena pāpena saha nitya-yoginaḥ | ataeva nareṣu madhye 'dhamā iha sādhubhir garhaṇīyāḥ paratra cānartha-sahasra-bhājaḥ | kuto duṣkṛtam anartha-hetum eva sadā kurvanti yato mūḍhā idam artha-sādhanam idam anartha-sādhanam iti viveka-śūnyāḥ | sati pramāṇe kuto na viviñcanti yato māyayāpahṛta-jñānāḥ śarīrendriya-saṃghāta-tādāmtya-bhrānti-rūpeṇa pariṇatayā māyayā pūrvoktayāpahṛtaṃ pratibaddhaṃ jñānaṃ viveka-sāmarthyaṃ yeṣāṃ te tathā | ataeva te dambho darpo 'bhimānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca [Gītā 16.4] ity ādināgre vakṣyamānam āsuraṃ bhāvaṃ hiṃsānṛtādi-svabhāvam āśritā mat-pratipatty-ayogyāḥ santo na māṃ sarveśvaraṃ prapadyante na bhajante | aho daurbhāgyaṃ teṣām ity abhiprāyaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ - nanu tarhi paṇḍitā api kecit kim iti tvāṃ na prapadyante ? tatra ye paṇḍitās te māṃ prapadyanta eva | paṇḍita-mānina eva na māṃ prapadyanta ity āha na mām iti | duṣkṛtino duṣṭāś ca te kṛtinaḥ paṇḍitāś ceti te kupaṇḍitā ity arthaḥ | te ca caturvidhāḥ | eke mūḍhāḥ paśu-tulyāḥ karmiṇaḥ | yad uktaṃ -

nūnaṃ daivena nihatā ye cācyuta-kathā-sudhām |

mukundaṃ ko vai na seveta vinā naretaraḥ iti ca |

apare narādhamāḥ kañcit kālaṃ bhaktimattvena prāpta-naratvā apy ante phala-prāptau na sādhanopayoga iti matvā svecchayaiva bhakti-tyāginaḥ | svakartṛka-bhakti-tyāga-lakṣaṇam eva teṣām adhamatvam iti bhāvaḥ | apare śāstrādhyāpanādi-mattve 'pi māyayāpahṛtaṃ jñānam eṣāṃ te vaikuṇṭha-virājinī nārāyaṇa-mūrtir eva sārvakālikī-bhakti-prāpyā, na tu kṛṣṇa-rāmādi-mūrtir mānuṣīti manyamānā ity arthaḥ | yad vakṣyate avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam [Gītā 9.11] iti | te khalu māṃ prapadyamānā api na māṃ prapadyanta iti bhāvaḥ | apare āsuraṃ bhāvam āśritāḥ | asurā jarāsandhādayo mad-vigrahaṃ lakṣīkṛtya śarair vidhyanti | tathaiva dṛśyatādi-hetu-mat-kutarkair mad-vigrahaṃ vaikuṇṭha-stham api khaṇḍayanty eva | na tu prapadyanta ity arthaḥ ||15||

baladevaḥ - nanu cet tvām eva prapannā vimucyante tarhi paṇḍitā api kecit kim iti tvāṃ na prapadyante tatrāha na mām iti | duṣṭāś ca te kṛtinaḥ śāstrārtha-kuśalāś ceti duṣkṛtinaḥ kupaṇḍitās te māṃ na prapadyante | śrutiś caivam āha -

te catur-vidhāḥ - eke māyayā mūḍhāḥ karma-jaḍā indrādivan mām api viṣṇuṃ karmāṅgaṃ jīvavat karmādhīnaṃ manyamānāḥ | apare māyayā narādhamā viprādi-kula-janmanā narottamatāṃ prāpyāpy asat kāvyārthāsattyā pāmaratā-bhājaḥ | yad uktam -

nūnaṃ daivena nihatā ye cācyuta-kathā-sudhām |

anye māyayāpahṛta-jñānāḥ sāṅkhyādayaḥ | te hi sārvajña-sārvaiśvarya-sarva-sraṣṭṛtva-muktidatvādi dharmaiḥ śruti-sahasra-prasiddham api mām īśvaram apalapantaḥ prakṛtim eva sarva-sraṣṭrīṃ mokṣa-dātrīṃ ca kalpayanti | tatra tādṛśa-kuṭila-kuyukti-śatāny udbhāvayantī māyayaiva hetuḥ | kecit tu māyayaivāsuraṃ bhāvam āśritā nirviśeṣa-cin-mātra-vādinaḥ | asurā yathā nikhilānanda-karaṃ mad-vigrahaṃ śarair vidhyanti tathādṛśyatvādi-hetubhis te nitya-caitanyātmatayā śruti-prasiddham api taṃ khaṇḍayantīti tatrāpi tādṛśa-buddhy-utpādanī māyaiva hetur iti ||15||

BhG 7.16

śrīdharaḥ - sukṛtinas tu māṃ bhajanty eva | te sukṛti-tāratamyena catur-vidhā ity āha catur-vidhā iti | pūrva-janmasu ye kṛta-puṇyās te māṃ bhajanti | te caturvidhāḥ | ārto vegādy-abhibhūtaḥ sa yadi pūrvaṃ kṛta-puṇyas tarhi māṃ bhajati | anyathā kṣudra-devatā-bhajanena saṃsarati | evam uttaratrāpi draṣṭavyam | jijñāsur ātma-jñānecchuḥ | arthārthī atra vā paratra vā bhoga-sādhana-bhūto 'rtha-lipsuḥ | jñānī cātma-vit ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ - ye tv āsura-bhāva-rahitāḥ puṇya-karmāṇo vivekinas te puṇya-karma-tāratamyena catur-vidhāḥ santo māṃ bhajante krameṇa ca kāmanā-rāhityena mat-prasādān māyāṃ tarantīty āha catur-vidhā iti | ye sukṛtinaḥ pūrva-janma-kṛta-puṇya-saṃcayā janāḥ saphala-janmānas ta eva nānye te māṃ bhajante sevante | he arjuna ! te ca trayaḥ sa-kāmā eko 'kāma ity evaṃ caturvidhāḥ | ārta ārtyā śatru-vyādhy-ādy-āpadā grastas tan-nivṛttim icchan | yathā makha-bhaṅgena kupita indre varṣati vraja-vāsī janaḥ | yathā vā jarāsandha-kārāgāravartī rāja-nicayaḥ | dyūta-sabhāyāṃ vastrākarṣaṇe draupadī ca | grāha-grasto gajendraś ca | jijñāsur ātma-jñānārthī mumukṣuḥ | yathā mucukundaḥ, yathā vā maithilo janakaḥ śrutadevaś ca, nivṛtte mausale yathā coddhavaḥ | arthārthī iha vā paratra vā yad bhogopakaraṇaṃ tal-lipsuḥ | tatreha yathā sugrīvo vibhīṣaṇaś ca, yathā copamanyuḥ paratra yathā dhruvaḥ | ete trayo 'pi bhagavad-bhajanena māyāṃ taranti | tatra jijñāsur jñānotpattyā sākṣād eva māyāṃ tarati ārto 'rthārthī ca jijñāsutvaṃ prāpyeti viśeṣaḥ | ārtasyārthārthinaś ca jijñāsutva-sambhavāj jijñāsoś cārtatva-jñānopakaraṇārthārthitva-sambhavād ubhayor madhye jijñāsur uddiṣṭaḥ |

tad ete trayaḥ sa-kāmā vyākhyātāḥ niṣkāmaś caturtha idānīm ucyate jñānī ca | jñānaṃ bhagavat-tattva-sākṣātkāras tena nitya-yukto jñānī tīrṇa-māyo nivṛtta-sarva-kāmaḥ | ca-kāro yasya kasyāpi niṣkāma-prema-bhaktasya jñāniny-antar-bhāvārthaḥ | he bharatarṣabha tvam api jijñāsur vā jñānī veti katamo 'haṃ bhakta iti mā śaṅkiṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | tatra niṣkāma-bhakto jñānī yathā sanakādir yathā nārado yathā prahlādo yathā pṛthur yathā vā śukaḥ | niṣkāmaḥ śuddha-prema-bhakto yathā gopikādir yathā vākrūra-yudhiṣṭhirādiḥ | kaṃsa-śiśupālādayas tu bhayād dveṣāc ca santata-bhagavac-cintā-parā api na bhaktā bhagavad-anurakter abhāvāt | bhagavad-anurakti-rūpāyās tu bhakteḥ svarūpaṃ sādhanaṃ bhedās tathā bhaktānām api bhagavad-bhakti-rasāyane 'smābhiḥ sa-viśeṣaṃ prapañcitā itīhoparamyate ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ - tarhi ke tvāṃ bhajanta ity ata āha caturvidhā iti | sukṛtaṃ varṇāśramācāra-lakṣaṇo dharmas tadvantaḥ santo māṃ bhajante | tatra ārto rogādy-āpad-grastas tan-nivṛtti-kāmaḥ | jijñāsuḥ ātma-jñānārthī vyākaraṇādi-śāstra-jñānārthī vā | arthārthī kṣiti-gaja-turaga-kāminī-kanakādyaihika-pāratrika-bhogārthīti | ete trayaḥ sakāmā gṛhasthāḥ | jñānī viśuddhāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ sannyāsīti caturtho 'yaṃ niṣkāmaḥ | ity ete pradhānībhūta-bhakty-adhikāriṇaś catvāro nirūpitāḥ | tatrādimeṣu triṣu karma-miśrā bhaktiḥ | antime caturthe jñāna-miśrā | sarva-dvārāṇi saṃnyasya [Gītā 8.12] ity agrima-granthe yoga-miśrāpi vakṣyate | jñāna-karmādy-amiśrā kevalā bhaktir yā sā tu saptamādhyāyārambha eva mayy āsakta-manaḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity anena uktā | punaś cāṣṭame 'py adhyāye ananya-cetāḥ satatam [Gītā 8.14] ity anena, navame mahātmānas tu māṃ pārtha [Gītā 9.13] iti śloka-dvayena ananyāś cintayanto mām [Gītā 9.22] ity anena ca nirūpayitavyeti |

pradhānībhūtā kevalā iti dvividhaiva bhaktir madhyame 'sminn adhyāya-ṣaṭke bhagavatoktā | yā tu tṛtīyā guṇībhūtā bhaktiḥ karmaṇi jñānini yogini ca karmādi-phala-siddhy-arthā dṛśyate | tasyāḥ prādhānyābhāvāt na bhaktitva-vyapadeśaḥ | kintu tatra tatra karmādīnām eva prādhānyāt | prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavanti iti nyāyena karmatva-jñānatva-yogatva-vyapadeśaḥ | tadvatām api karmitva-jñānitva-yogitva-vyapadeśaḥ | na tu bhaktatva-vyapadeśaḥ | phalaṃ ca sakāma-karmaṇaḥ svargo niṣkāma-karmaṇo jñāna-yogo jñāna-yogayor nirvāṇa-mokṣa iti |

atha dvidhāyā bhakteḥ phalam ucyate | tatra pradhānībhūtāsu bhaktiṣu madhye ārtādiṣu triṣu yāḥ karma-miśrās tisraḥ sa-kāmā bhaktayas tāsāṃ phalaṃ tat-tat-kāma-prāptiḥ | viṣaya-sādguṇyāt tad-ante sukhaiśvarya-pradhāna-sālokya-mokṣa-prāptiś ca, na tu karma-phala-svarga-bhogānta iva pātaḥ | yad vakṣyate yānti mad-yājino 'pi mām [Gītā 9.25] iti | caturthyā jñāna-miśrāyās tata utkṛṣṭāyās tu phalaṃ śānta-ratiḥ sanakādiṣv iva | bhakta-bhagavat-kāruṇyādhikya-vaśāt kasyāścit tasyāḥ phalaṃ premotkarṣaś ca śrī-śukādiṣv iva | karma-miśrā bhaktir yadi niṣkāmā syāt tadā tasyāḥ phalaṃ jñāna-miśrā bhaktiḥ | tasyāḥ phalam uktam eva | kvacic ca svabhāvād eva dā̆sādi-bhakta-saṅgottha-vāsanā vaśād vā jñāna-karmādi-miśra-bhaktimatām api dāsyādi-premā syāt, kintu aiśvarya-pradhānam eveti |

atha jñāna-karmādy-amiśrāyāḥ śuddhāyā ananyākiñcanottamādi-paryāyāḥ bhakter bahu-prabhedāyā dāsya-sakhyādi-premavat-pārṣadatvam eva phalam ity ādikaṃ śrī-bhāgavata-ṭīkāyāṃ bahuśaḥ pratipāditam | atrāpi prasaṅga-vaśāt sādhya-bhakti-vivekaḥ saṃkṣipya darśitaḥ ||16||

baladevaḥ -- tarhi tvāṃ ke prapadyante tatrāha catur-vidhā iti | sukṛtinaḥ supaṇḍitāḥ sva-varṇāśramocita-karmaṇā mad-ekānti-bhāvena ca sampannā janā māṃ bhajante | te ca catur-vidhāḥ | tatrārtaḥ śatru-kleśādyāpad-grastas tad-vināśecchur gajendrādiḥ | jijñāsur viviktātma-svarūpa-jñānecchuḥ śaunakādiḥ | arthārthī rājyādi-sampad-icchur dhruvādiḥ | jñānī śeṣatvena svāmtānaṃ śeṣitvena parātmānaṃ ca māṃ jñātavān śukādiḥ | eṣv ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmāḥ, jñānī tu niṣkāmaḥ | ārtārthārthinoḥ paratra jijñāsutā-sampattaye tayor antarāle jijñāsor upanyāsaḥ ||16||

BhG 7.17

śrīdharaḥ - teṣāṃ madhye jñānī śreṣṭha ity āha teṣām iti | teṣāṃ madhye jñānī viśiṣṭaḥ | atra hetavaḥ -- nitya-yuktaḥ sadā man-niṣṭhaḥ | ekasmin mayy eva bhaktir yasya saḥ | jñānino dehādy-abhimānābhāvena citta-vikṣepābhāvān nitya-yuktatvam ekānta-bhaktitvaṃ ca sambhavati | nānyasya | ataeva hi tasyāhaṃ atyantaṃ priyaḥ | sa ca mama | tasmād etair nitya-yuktatvādibhiś caturbhir hetubhiḥ sa uttama ity arthaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanu na māṃ duṣkṛtino mūḍhāḥ prapadyante narādhamā ity anena tad-vilakṣaṇāḥ sukṛtino māṃ bhajanta ity arthāt prāpte 'pi teṣāṃ cāturvidhyaṃ catur-vidhā bhajante mām ity anena darśitāḥ tatas te sarve sukṛtina eva nirviśeṣād iti cet tatrāha ca | caturvidhānām api sukṛtitve niyate 'pi sukṛtādhikyena niṣkāmatayā premādhikyāt tata iti |

caturvidhānāṃ teṣāṃ madhye jñānī tattva-jñānavān nivṛtta-sarva-kāmo viśiṣyate sarvato 'tiricyate sarvotkṛṣṭa ity arthaḥ | yato nitya-yukto bhagavati pratyag-abhinne sadā samāhita-cetā vikṣepakābhāvāt | ataevaika-bhaktir ekasmin bhagavaty eva bhaktir anuraktir yasya sa tathā, tasyānurakti-viṣayāntarābhāvāt | hi yasmāt | priyo nirupādhi-premāspadam atyartham atyantātiśayena jñānino 'haṃ pratyag-abhinnaḥ paramātmā ca tasmād ayarthaṃ sa mama parameśvarasya priyaḥ | ātmā priyo 'tiśayena bhavatīti śruti-lokayoḥ prasiddham evety arthaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ - caturṇāṃ bhakty-adhikāriṇāṃ madhye kaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ity apekṣāyām āha | teṣāṃ madhye jñānī viśiṣyate śreṣṭhaḥ | nitya-yukto nityaṃ mayi yujyata iti saḥ | jñānābhyāsa-vaśīkṛta-cittatvān manasy aikāgra-citta ity arthaḥ | ārtādyās trayas tu naivambhūtā iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu sarvo 'pi jñānī jñāna-vaiyarthya-bhayāt tvāṃ bhajata eva ? tatrāha ekā mukhyā pradhānībhūtaṃ yasya saḥ | yad vā, ekā bhaktir eva tathaivāsaktimattvāt yasya sa nāma-mātreṇaiva jñānīti bhāvaḥ | evambhūtasya jñānino 'haṃ śyāmasundarākāro 'tyartham atiśayena priyaḥ sādhana-sādhya-daśayoḥ parihātum aśakyaḥ | ye yathā māṃ prapadyante [Gītā 4.11] iti nyāyena mamāpi sa priyaḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ - caturṣu jñāninaḥ śraiṣṭhyam āha teṣām iti | jñānī viśiṣyate śreṣṭho bhavati | yad asau nitya-yukta eka-bhaktiś ca | ārta-vināśādi-kāmanā-virahān nityaṃ mayā yogavān | ārtādeśa tu yāvat-kāmita-prāptir mad-yoga ekasmin mayy eva jñānino bhaktir ārtādes tu sva-kāmite tat-pradātṛtvena mayi cāto jñānī tataḥ śreṣṭhaḥ |

atṛpyann āha priyo hīti | jñānino hy aham atyarthaṃ priyaḥ premāspadam | sa hi mat-priyatā-sudhā-sindhu-nimagno nānyat kiñcid anusandhatte tasya mat-priyatā-parimiteti bodhayitum atyartha-śabdaḥ | sarvajño 'nanta-śaktiś cāhaṃ yāṃ vaktuṃ na śaknotīty arthaḥ | sa ca jñānī ye yathā mām [Gītā 4.11] ity ādi-nyāyena tathaiva mama priyaḥ | mamāpi tat-priyatā tadvad parimitety arthaḥ ||17||

BhG 7.18

śrīdharaḥ - tarhi kim itare trayas tad-bhaktāḥ saṃsaranti ? na hi na hīty āha udārā iti | sarve 'py eta udārā mahānto mokṣa-bhāja evety arthaḥ | jñānī tu punar ātmaiveti me mataṃ niścayaḥ | hi yasmāt sa jñānī yuktātmā mad-eka-cittaḥ san na vidyata uttamā yasyās tām anuttamāṃ gatiṃ mām evāsthita āśritavān mad-vyatiriktam anyat phalaṃ na manyata ity arthaḥ ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ - tat-kim ārtādayas tava na priyāḥ ? na, atyartham iti viśeṣaṇād ity āha udārā iti | eta ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmā api mad-bhaktāḥ sarve trayo 'py udārā evotkṛṣṭā eva pūrva-janmārjitāneka-sukṛta-rāśitvāt | anyathā hi māṃ na bhajeyur eva | ārtasya jijñāsor arthārthinaś ca mad-vimukhasya kṣudra-devatā-bhaktasyāpi bahulam upalambhāt | ato mama priyā eva te | na hi jñānavān ajño vā kaścid api bhakto mamāpriyo bhavati | kintu yasya yādṛśī mayi prītir mamāpi tatra tādṛśī prītir iti svabhāva-siddham etat | tatra sa-kāmānāṃ trayāṇāṃ kāmyamānam api priyam aham api priyaḥ | jñāninas tu priyāntara-śūnyasyāham eva niratiśaya-prīti-viṣayaḥ | ataḥ so 'pi mama niratiśaya-prīti-viṣaya iti viśeṣaḥ | anyathā hi mama kṛtajñatā na syāt kṛtaghnatā ca syāt | ataevātyartham iti viśeṣaṇam upāttaṃ prāk | yathā hi yad eva vidyayā karoti śraddhayopaniṣadā tad eva vīryavattaraṃ bhavati ity atra tarab-arthasya vivakṣitatvād vidyā-divyātirekena kṛtam api karma vīryavad bhavaty eva | tathātyarthaṃ jñānī bhakto mama priya ity ukter yo jñāna-vyatirekeṇa bhaktaḥ so 'pi priya iti paryavasyaty eva | atyartham iti viśeṣaṇasya vivakṣitatvāt | uktaṃ hi -- ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham [Gītā 4.11] iti | ato mām ātmatvena jñānavān jñānī | ātmaiva na matto bhinnaḥ tv aham eva sa iti mama mataṃ niścayaḥ | tu-śabdaḥ sa-kāma-bheda-darśi-tritayāpekṣayā niṣkāmatva-bhedādarśitva-viśeṣa-dyotanārthaḥ | hi yasmāt | sa jñānī yuktātmā sadā mayi samāhita-cittaḥ san māṃ bhagavantam anantam ānanda-ghanam ātmānam evānuttamāṃ sarvotkṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ gantavyaṃ paramaṃ phalam āsthito 'ṅgīkṛtavān, na tu mad-bhinnaṃ kim api phalaṃ sa manyata ity arthaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ -- tarhi kim ārtādyās trayas tava na priyās tatra na hi na hīty āha udārā iti | ye māṃ bhajante, mattaḥ kiṃcit kāmitaṃ mayāpi ditsitaṃ gṛhṇanti te bhakta-vatsalāya mahyaṃ bahu-pradāyinaḥ priyā eveti bhāvaḥ | jñānī tv ātmaiveti sa hi bhajann atha ca mattaḥ kim api svargāpavargādikaṃ nākaṅkṣata iti | atas tad-adhīnasya mama sa ātmaiveti mama mataṃ matiḥ | yataḥ sa māṃ śyāmasundarākāram evānuttamāṃ sarvottamāṃ gatiṃ prāpyāsthitaḥ niścitavān | na tu mama nirviśeṣa-svarūpa-brahma-nirvāṇam iti bhāvaḥ | evaṃ ca niṣkāma-pradhānībhūta-bhaktimān jñānī bhakta-vatsalena bhagavatā svātmatvenābhimanyate | kevala-bhaktimān ananyas tu ātmano 'py ādhikyena | yad uktaṃ - na tathā me priyatama ātma-yonir na śaṅkaraḥ |

baladevaḥ - nanv ārtādayas tava priyā na bhavanti maivam atyartham iti viśeṣaṇād ity āha udārā iti | sarva evaite ārtādaya udārā vadānyāḥ | udāro dātṛ-mahator ity amaraḥ | ye māṃ bhajanto mayā ditsitaṃ kiṃcit svābhīṣṭaṃ matto gṛhṇanti te bhakta-vātsalyaṃ mahyaṃ prayacchanto mama bahu-pradāḥ priyā eveti bhāvaḥ | jñānī tu mamātmaiveti matam | hi yasmāt sa jī̀iānī yuktātmā mad-arpita-manā matto 'nyat kiṃcid apy anicchann atipriyeṇa mayā vinā lavam api sthātum asamartho mām eva sarvottamāṃ matiṃ prāpyam āsthitaḥ niścitavān atas tena tādṛśena vinā lavam api sthātum asamarthasya mamātmaiva saḥ | na ca jñāni-jīvasya hariḥ svenābhedam āheti vācyam | jñāna-bhajatvāsiddher bhajatāṃ cāturvidhyāsiddher mokṣe bheda-vākya-vyākopāc ca | tasmād atipriyatvād eva tatrātmety uktir mamātmā bhadrasena itivat | ātmaiva mana eva matam ity apare ||18||

BhG 7.19

śrīdharaḥ - evambhūto mad-bhakto 'tidurlabha ity āha bahūnām iti | bahūnāṃ janmanām kiṃcit kiṃcit puṇyopacayenānte carame janmani jñānavān san sarvam idaṃ carācaraṃ vāsudeva eveti sarvātma-dṛṣṭyā māṃ prapadyate bhajati | ataḥ sa mahātmāparicchinna-dṛṣṭiḥ sudurlabhaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ - yasmād evaṃ tasmāt bahūnām iti | bahūnāṃ janmanāṃ kiṃcit kiṃcit puṇyopacaya-hetūnām ante carame janmani sarva-sukṛta-vipāka-rūpe vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti jñānavān san māṃ nirupādhi-premāspadaṃ prapadyate sarvadā samasta-prema-viṣayatvena bhajate | sakalam idam ahaṃ ca vāsudeva iti dṛṣṭyā sarva-premṇāṃ mayy eva paryavasāyitvāt | ataḥ sa evaṃ-jñāna-pūrvaka-mad-bhaktimān mahātmātyanta-śuddhāntaḥkaraṇatvāj jīvanmuktaḥ sarvotkṛṣṭo na tat-samo 'nyo 'sti adhikas tu nāsty eva | ataḥ sudurlabho manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu duḥkhenāpi labdhum aśakyaḥ | ataḥ sa niratiśaya-mat-prīti-viṣaya iti yuktam evety arthaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ - nanu mām evānuttamāṃ gatim āsthita iti brūṣe ataḥ sa jñāni-bhaktas tvām eva prāpnoti | kintu kiyataḥ samayād anantaraṃ sa jñānī bhakty-adhikārī bhavatīty ata āha bahūnām iti | vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti sarvatra vāsudeva-darśī jñānavān bahūnāṃ janmanām ante māṃ prapadyate | tādṛśa-sādhu-yādṛcchika-saṅga-vaśāt mat-prapattiṃ prāpnoti | sa ca jñānī bhakto mahātmā susthira-cittaḥ sudurlabhaḥ | manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu iti mad-ukteḥ | aikāntika-bhaktas tu kim uteti sa tv atisudurlabha eveti bhāvaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ - nanv ārtādīnām ante kā niṣṭheti cet tatrāha bahūnām iti | ārtādis trividho mad-bhaktaḥ kṛta-mad-bhakti-mahimnā bahūni janmāny uttamān viṣayānandān anubhūya teṣu vitṛṣṇo 'nte janmani mat-svarūpa-jña-sat-prasaṅgāt jñānavān prāpta-mat-svarūpa-jñānaḥ san māṃ prapadyante | tato vindatīy arthaḥ | jñānākāram āha vāsudeva iti | vasudeva-sutaḥ kṛṣṇa eva sarvam | kṛṣṇāyatta-svarūpa-sthiti-pravṛttikaṃ sarvaṃ vastv ity arthaḥ | yad dhi yad adhīna-svarūpa-sthitikatvāt prāṇa-rūpaṃ vāg-ādi-vyapadiṣṭaṃ chāndogye na vai vāco na cakṣūṃṣi na śrotrāṇi na manāṃsīty ācakṣate prāṇā ity evācakṣate prāṇo hy evaitāni sarvāṇi bhavati || [ChāU 5.1.15] iti tatrāhuḥ sarvaṃ vastu vāsudevena vyāpyam ataḥ sarvaṃ vāsudeva ity arthaḥ | sarvaṃ samāpnoṣi tato 'si sarvam [Gītā 11.40] iti pārtho vakṣyatīti | sa hi nikhila-spṛhā-nivṛtti-pūrvakaṃ mat-spṛho mad-ātmāty-udāra-manā man-niveditātmā jñāni-koṭiṣv api sudurlabhaḥ | eṣa jñānavān priyo hi jñānino 'tyartham [Gītā 7.17] ity ādy-ukta-lakṣaṇo bodhyaḥ ||19||

BhG 7.20

śrīdharaḥ -tad evaṃ kāmino 'pi santaḥ kāma-prāptaye parameśvaram eva ye bhajanti te kāmān prāpya śanair mucyanta ity uktam | ye tv atyantaṃ rājasās tāmasāś ca kāmābhibhūtāḥ kṣudra-devatāḥ sevante te saṃsarantīty āha kāmair iti caturbhiḥ | ye tu tais taiḥ putra-kīrti-śatru-jayādi-viṣayaiḥ kāmair apahṛta-vivekā santo 'nyāḥ kṣudrā bhūta-preta-yakṣādyā devatā bhajanti | kiṃ kṛtvā ? tat-tad-devatārādhane yo yo niyama upavāsādi-lakṣaṇas taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ svīkṛtya | tatrāpi svayā svīyayā prakṛtyā pūrvābhyāsa-vāsanayā niyatā vaśīkṛtāḥ santaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ - mohana-stambhanākarṣaṇa-vaśīkaraṇa-māraṇoccāṭanādi-viṣayair bhagavat-sevayā labdhum aśakyatvenābhimatais tais taiḥ kṣudraiḥ kāmair abhilāṣair hṛtam apahṛtaṃ bhagavato vāsudevād vimukhīkṛtya tat-tat-phala-dātṛtvābhimata-kṣudra-devatābhimukhyaṃ nītaṃ jñānam antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yeṣāṃ te 'nya-devatā bhagavato vāsudevād anyāḥ kṣudra-devatās taṃ taṃ niyamaṃ japopavāsa-pradakṣiṇā-namaskārādi-rūpaṃ tat-tad-devatārādhane prasiddhaṃ niyamam āsthāyāśritya prapadyante bhajante tat-tat-kṣudra-phala-prāptīcchayā | kṣudra-devatā-madhye

viśvanāthaḥ - nanu ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmā api bhagavantaṃ tvāṃ bhajantaḥ kṛtārthā iva ity avagatam | ye tu ārtādayaḥ ārti-hānādi-kāmanayā devatāntaraṃ bhajante | teṣāṃ kā gatir ity apekṣāyām āha kāmair iti caturbhiḥ | hṛta-jñānā iti rogādy-ārti-harāḥ śīghraṃ yathā sūryādayas tathā na viṣṇur iti naṣṭa-buddhayaḥ | prakṛtyeti svayā prakṛtyā niyatā vaśīkṛtāḥ santas teṣāṃ duṣṭā prakṛtir eva mat-prapattau parāṅmukhīti bhāvaḥ ||20||

baladevaḥ - tad itthaṃ kāmanayāpi māṃ bhajanto mad-bhakti-mahimnā te vimucyanta ity uktam | ye tu śīghra-sukha-kāmā devatāntara-bhaktās te saṃsaranty evety āha kāmair ity ādibhiś caturbhiḥ | tais tair ārti-vināśādi-viṣayakaiḥ kāmair hṛta-jñānā yathādityādayaḥ śīghram eva roga-vināśādikarās tathā na viṣṇur iti naṣṭa-dhiya ity arthaḥ | taṃ tam asādhāraṇaṃ svayā prakṛtyā vāsanayā niyatā niyantritās teṣāṃ prakṛtir eva tādṛśī yā mat-prapattau vaimukhyaṃ karotīti bhāvaḥ ||20||

BhG 7.21

śrīdharaḥ - devatā-viśeṣaṃ ye bhajanti teṣāṃ madhye yo ya iti | yo yo bhakto yāṃ yāṃ tanuṃ devatā-rūpāṃ madīyām eva mūrtiṃ śraddhayārcitum icchati pravartate tasya tasya bhaktasya tat-tan-mūrti-viṣayāṃ tām eva śraddhām acalāṃ dṛḍhām aham antaryāmī vidadhāmi karomi ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ - tat tad devatā-prasādāt teṣām api sarveśvare bhagavati vāsudeve bhaktir bhaviṣyatīti na śaṅkanīyaṃ, yato yo ya iti | teṣāṃ madhye yo yaḥ kāmī yāṃ yāṃ tanuṃ devatā-mūrtiṃ śraddhayā janmāntara-vāsanābala-prādurbhūtayā bhaktyā saṃyuktaḥ sann arcitum arcayitum icchati pravartate | caurādikasyārcayater ṇij-abhāva-pakṣe rūpam idam | tasya tasya kāminas tām eva devatā-tanuṃ prati śraddhāṃ pūrva-vāsanāvaśāt prāptāṃ bhaktim acalāṃ sthirāṃ viddadhāmi karomy aham antaryāmī, na tu mad-viṣayāṃ śraddhāṃ tasya tasya karomīty arthaḥ | tām eva śraddhām iti vyākhyāne

viśvanāthaḥ - te te devāḥ pūjāṃ prāpya prasannās teṣāṃ sva-sva-pūjakānāṃ hitārthaṃ tvad-bhaktau śraddhām utpādayiṣyantīti mā vādīḥ | yatas te devāḥ sva-bhaktāv api śraddhām utpādayitum aśaktāḥ | kiṃ punar mad-bhaktāv ity āha yo ya iti | yāṃ yāṃ tanuṃ sūryādi-deva-rūpāṃ madīyāṃ mūrtiṃ vibhūtim arcitum pūjayituṃ tām eva tat-tad-devatā-viṣayām eva, na tu sva-viṣayāṃ śraddhām aham antaryāmy eva vidadhāmi, na tu sā devatā ||21||

baladevaḥ - sarvāntaryāmī mahā-vibhūtiḥ sarva-hitecchur aham eva tat-tad-devatāsu śraddhām utpādya tāḥ pūjayitvā tat-tad-anurūpāṇi phalāni prayacchāmi, na tu tāsāṃ tatra tatra śaktir astīty āśayavān āha ya iti dvābhyām | yo ya ārtādi-bhakto yāṃ yām ādiyādi-rūpāṃ mat-tanuṃ śraddhayārcituṃ vāñchati | tasya tasya tām eva tat-tad-devatā-viṣayām eva, na tu mad-viṣayām | acalāṃ sthirām | vidadhāmy utpādayāmy aham eva, na tu sā sā devatā | śrutiś ca tat-tad-devatānāṃ mat-tanutvam āha ya āditye tiṣṭhaty ādityād antaro yamādityo na veda yasyādityaḥ śarīram [BAU 3.7.9] ity ādyā ||21||

BhG 7.22

śrīdharaḥ - tataś ca tayeti | sa bhaktas tayā dṛḍhayā śraddhayā tasyās tano rādhanm ārādhanam īhate karoti | tataś ca ye saṅkalpitāḥ kāmās tān kāmāṃs tato devatā-viśeṣāl labhate | kintu mayaiva tat-tad-devatāntaryāminā vihitān nirmitān hi | sphuṭam etat tat-tad-devatānām api mad-adhīnatvān man-mūrtitvāc cety arthaḥ ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ - sa kāmī tayā mad-vihitayā sthirayā śraddhayā yuktas tasyā devatā-tanvā rādhanam ārādhanaṃ pūrajam īhate nirvartayati | upasarga-rahito 'pi rādhayatiḥ pūjārthaḥ | sopasargatve hy ākāraḥ śrūyate | labhate ca tatas tasyā devatā-tanvāḥ sakāśāt kāmānīpsitāṃs tān pūrva-saṅkalpitān hi prasiddham | mayaiva sarvajñena sarva-karma-phala-dāyinā tat-tad-devatāntaryāmiṇā vihitāṃs tat-tat-phala-vipāka-samaye nirmitān | hitān manaḥ-priyānityaika-padyaṃ vā | ahitatve 'pi hitatayā pratīyamānānityārthaḥ ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ - īhate karoti | sa tat-tad-devatārādhanāt kāmānārādhana-phalāni labhate | na ca te te kāmā api tais tair devaiḥ pūrṇāḥ kartuṃ śakyanta ity āha mayaiva vihitān pūrṇīkṛtān ||22||

baladevaḥ - sa tayeti | īhate karoti | tato mat-tanu-bhūta-tat-tad-devatārādhanāt | kāmān phalāni tatra tatroktāni | mayaiveti vihitān racitān | yadyapi tasya tasyārādhakasya tathā jñānaṃ nāsti tathāpi mat-tanu-viṣayeyaṃ śraddhety anusandhāyāhaṃ phalāny arpayāmīti bhāvaḥ ||22||

BhG 7.23

śrīdharaḥ - tad evaṃ yadyapi sarvā api devatāḥ sarvātmano mamaiva tanavaḥ | atas tad-ārādhanam api vastuto mad-ārādhanam eva | tatra phala-dātāpi cāham eva | tathāpi sākṣān-mad-bhaktānāṃ teṣāṃ ca phala-vaiṣamyaṃ bhavatīty āha antavad iti | alpa-medhasāṃ paricchanna-dṛṣṭīnāṃ mayā dattam api tat-phalam antavad vināśi bhavati | tad evāha devān yajantīti deva-yajaḥ | te devān antavato yānti | mad-bhaktās tu mām anādy-anantaṃ paramānandaṃ prāpnuvanti ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ - yadyapi sarvā api devatāḥ sarvātmano mamaiva tanavas tad-ārādhanam api vastuto mad-ārādhanam eva sarvatrāpi ca phala-dātāntaryāmy aham eva, tathāpi sākṣān-mad-bhaktānāṃ ca teṣāṃ ca vastu-vivekāviveka-kṛtaṃ phala-vaiṣamyaṃ bhavatīty āha antavad iti | alpa-medhasāṃ manda-prajñatvena vastu-vivekāsamarthānāṃ teṣāṃ tat-tad-devatā-bhaktānāṃ tan mayā vihitam api tat-tad-devatārādhanajaṃ phalam antavad eva vināśy eva na tu mad-bhaktānāṃ vivekinām ivānantaṃ phalaṃ teṣām ity arthaḥ | kutaḥ ? evaṃ yato devān indrādīn antavata eva deva-yajo mad-anya-devatārādhana-parā yānti prāpnuvanti | mad-bhaktās tu trayaḥ sa-kāmāḥ prathamaṃ mat-prasādād abhīṣṭān kāmān prāpnuvanti | api-śabda-prayogāt tato mad-upāsanā-paripākān mām anantam ānanda-ghanam īśvaram api yānti prāpnuvanti | ataḥ samāne 'pi sakāmatve mad-bhaktānām anya-devatā-bhaktānāṃ ca mahad-antaram | tasmāt sādhūktam udārāḥ sarva evaita iti ||23||

viśvanāthaḥ - kintu teṣāṃ devatāntara-bhaktānām phalaṃ tat-tad-devatārādhana-janyam antavat naśvaraṃ kaiñcitkālikaṃ bhavati | nanu ārādhane śrame tulyo 'pi devatāntara-bhaktānāṃ phalaṃ naśvaraṃ karoṣi, sva-bhaktānāṃ tv anaśvaraṃ karoṣīti tvayi parameśvare 'yam anyāyas tatra nāyam anyāya ity āha deva-yajo deva-pūjakā devān eva yānti prāpnuvanti | mat-pūjakā api mām | ayam arthaḥ | ye hi yat-pūjakās te tān prāpnuvanty eveti nyāya eva | tatra yadi devā api naśvarās tadā tad-bhaktāḥ katham anaśvarā bhavantu | kathantarāṃ yā tad bhajana-phalaṃ vā na naśyatu | ataeva tad-bhaktā alpa-medhasa uktāḥ | bhagavāṃs tu nityas tad-bhaktā

baladevaḥ - nanu devāś cet tvat-tanavas tarhi deva-bhaktānāṃ tad-bhaktānāṃ ca samānaṃ phalaṃ syād iti cet tatrāha antavad iti | teṣām alpa-medhasām ādityādi-mātra-buddhyā, na tu mat-tanuvudbhyārādhayatāṃ tat-tat-phalam alpam antavad vināśi ca bhavati, mat-tanuvudbhyārādhayatāṃ tu phalam anantam avināśi ceti bhāvaḥ | yasmād ādityādi-deva-yājinas tān svejyān mita-bhogān mitāyuṣo yāntīti, mad-bhaktās tu mām eva nityāparimita-svarūpa-guṇa-vibhūti-mad-ārādhana-phalam anantam avināśi ceit mahad-antaram ity arthaḥ ||23||

BhG 7.24

śrīdharaḥ - nau ca samāne prayāse mahati ca phala-viśeṣe sati sarve 'pi kim iti devatāntaraṃ hitvā tvām eva na bhajanti ? tatrāha avyaktam iti | avyaktaṃ prapañcātītaṃ māṃ vyaktiṃ manuṣya-matsya-kūrmādi-bhāvaṃ prāptam alpa-buddhayo manyante | tatra hetuḥ -- mama paraṃ bhāvaṃ svarūpam ajānantaḥ | katham-bhūtam ? avyayaṃ nityam | na vidyata uttamo bhāvo yasmāt tat mad-bhāvam | ato jagad-rakṣaṇārthaṃ līlayāviṣkṛta-nānā-viśuddhorjita-sattva-mūrtiṃ māṃ parameśvaraṃ ca sva-karma-nirmita-bhautika-dehaṃ ca devatāntaraṃ samaṃ paśyanto manda-matayo māṃ nātīvādriyante | pratyuta kṣipra-phaladaṃ devatāntaram eva bhajanti | te cokta-prakāreṇāntavat phalaṃ prāpunvantīty arthaḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ bhagavad-bhajanasya sarvottama-phalatve 'pi kathaṃ prāyeṇa prāṇino bhagavad-vimukhyā ity atra hetum āha bhagavān avyaktam iti | avyaktaṃ deha-grahaṇāt prāk-kāryākṣamatvena sthitam idānīṃ vasudeva-gṛhe vyaktiṃ bhautika-dehāvacchedena kārya-kṣamatāṃ prāptaṃ kaṃcij jīvam eva manyante mām īśvaram apy abuddhayo viveka-śūnyāḥ | avyaktaṃ sarva-kāraṇam api māṃ vyaktiṃ kārya-rūpatāṃ matsya-kūrmādy-anekāvatāra-rūpeṇa prāptam iti vā |

kathaṃ te jīvās tvāṃ na viviñcanti ? tatrābuddhaya ity uktaṃ hetuṃ vivṛṇoti | paraṃ sarva-kāraṇa-rūpam avyayaṃ nityaṃ mama bhāvaṃ svarūpaṃ sopādhikam ajānantas tathā nirupādhikam apy anuttamaṃ sarvotkṛṣṭam anatiśayādvitīya-paramānanda-ghanam anantaṃ mama svarūpam ajānanto jīvānukāri-kārya-darśanāj jīvam eva kaṃcin māṃ manyante | tato mām anīśvaratvenābhimataṃ vihāya prasiddhaṃ devatāntaram eva bhajante | tataś cāntavad eva phalaṃ prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ | agre ca vakṣyate avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam [Gītā 9.11] iti ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ - devatāntara-bhaktānām alpa-medhasāṃ vārtā dūre tāvad āstām | vedādi-samasta-śāstra-darśino 'pi mat-tattvaṃ na jānanti |

iti brahmaṇāpi māṃ pratyuktam | ato mad-bhaktān vinā mat-tattva-jñāne sarvatra vālpa-buddhaya ity āha avyaktaṃ prapañcātītaṃ nirākāraṃ brahmaiva māṃ māyikākāratvenaiva vyaktiṃ vasudeva-gṛhe janma prāptaṃ nirbuddhayo manyante māyikākāyasyaiva dṛśyatvād iti bhāvaḥ | yato mama paraṃ bhāvaṃ māyātītaṃ svarūpaṃ janma-karma-līlādikam ajānantaḥ | bhāvaṃ kīdṛśam ? avyayaṃ nityam anuttamaṃ sarvotkṛṣṭam | bhāvaḥ sattā svabhāvābhiprāya-ceṣṭātma-janmasu | kriyā-līlā-padārtheṣu iti medinī | bhagavat-svarūpa-guṇa-janma-karma-līlānām anādy-antatvena nityatvaṃ śrī-rūpa-gosvāmi-caraṇair bhāgavatāmṛta-granthe pratipāditam | mama paraṃ bhāvaṃ svarūpam avyayaṃ nityam viśuddhorjita-sattva-mūrtṃ iti svāmi-caraṇaiś coktam ||24||

baladevaḥ - atha kā vārtā mad-anya-deva-yājinām alpa-medhasām upaniṣan-niṣṇātānām api mad-bhakti-riktānāṃ mat-tattva-dhīr na syād ity āśayenāha avyaktam iti | abuddhayo mat-tattva-yāthātmya-buddhi-śūnyā janā avyaktaṃ sva-prakāśātma-vigrahatvād indriyāviṣayaṃ māṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ tad-viṣayāṃ manyante | devakyāṃ vasudevāt sattvotkṛṣṭena karmaṇā sañjātam itara-rāja-putra-tulyaṃ māṃ vadanti | yatas te mad-abhijña-sat-prasaṅgābhāvān mama bhāvaṃ param avyayam anuttamam ajānantaḥ -

bhāvaḥ sattā svabhāvābhiprāya-ceṣṭātma-janmasu | kriyā-līlā-padārtheṣu vibhūti-budha-jantuṣu || iti medinī-kāraḥ |

mad-bhakti-hīnās te mama svarūpa-guṇa-janma-līlādi-lakṣaṇa-bhāvaṃ māyāditaḥ paramato 'vyayaṃ nityam anuttamaṃ sarvottamaṃ na, kintv anyavan māyikam anityaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ ca gṛhṇanta ity arthaḥ | svarūpaṃ harer vijñānānandaika-rasaṃ vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma ity ādeḥ | sārvajñādi-guṇa-gaṇas tasya svarūpānubandhī ananta-kalyāṇa-guṇātmako 'sau ity ādeḥ | abhivyakti-mātraṃ janma ajo 'pi san ity ādeḥ | parantu avyaktasyaiva bhajatsu prasādenaivābhivyakti-śīlaṃ [MBh 12.323.18] -

na śakyaḥ sa tvayā draṣṭum asmābhir vā bṛhaspate | yasya prasādaṃ kurute sa vai taṃ draṣṭum arhati || ity ādeḥ ||24||

BhG 7.25

śrīdharaḥ - teṣāṃ svājñāne hetum āha nāham iti | sarvasya lokasya nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ prakaṭo na bhavāmi | kintu mad-bhaktānām eva | yato yoga-māyayā samāvṛtaḥ | yogo yuktir madīyaḥ ko 'py acintyaḥ prajñā-vilāsaḥ | sa eva māyāghaṭana-ghaṭanāpaṭīyastvāt | tayā saṃcchannaḥ ataeva mat-svarūpa-jñāne mūḍhaḥ sann ayaṃ loko 'jam avyayaṃ ca māṃ na jānātīti ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanu janma-kāle 'pi sarva-yogi-dhyeyaṃ śrī-vaikuṇṭha-stham aiśvaram eva rūpam āvirbhāvitavati samprati ca śrīvatsa-kaustubha-vanamālā-kirīṭa-kuṇḍalādi-divyopakaraṇa-śālini kambu-kamala-kaumodakī-cakra-vara-dhāri-catur-bhuje śrīmad-vainateya-vāhane nikhila-sura-loka-sampādita-rāja-rājeśvarābhiṣekādi-mahā-vaibhave sarva-surāsura-jetari vividha-divya-līlā-vilāsa-śīle sarvāvatāra-śiromaṇau sākṣād-vaikuṇṭha-nāyake nikhila-loka-duḥkha-nistārāya bhuvam avatīrṇe viriñci-prapañcāsambhavi-niratiśaya-saundarya-sāra-sarvasva-mūrtau bāla-līlā-vimohita-vidhātari taraṇi-kiraṇojjvala-divya-pītāmbare nirupama-śyāmasundare kara-dīkṛta-pārijātārtha-parājita-purandare bāṇa-yuddha-vijita-śaśāṅka-śekhare samasta-surāsura-vijayi-naraka-prabhṛti-mahā-daiteya-prakara-prāṇa-paryanta-sarvasva-hāriṇi śrīdāmādi-parama-raṅka-mahā-vaibhava-kāriṇi ṣoḍaśa-sahasra-divya-rūpa-dhāriṇy aparimeya-guṇa-garimaṇi mahā-mahimani nārad-mārkaṇḍeyādi-mahā-muni-gaṇa-stute tvayi katham avivekino 'pi manuṣa-buddhir jīva-buddhir vety arjunāśaṅkām apaninīṣur āha bhagavān nāham iti |

ahaṃ sarvasya lokasya na prakāśaḥ svena rūpeṇa prakaṭo na bhavāmi | kintu keṣāṃcin mad-bhaktānām prakaṭo bhavāmīty abhiprāyaḥ | kathaṃ sarvasya lokasya na prakaṭa ity atra hetum āha yoga-māyā-samāvṛtaḥ | yogo mama saṅkalpas tad-vaśa-vartinī māyā yoga-māyā tathāyam abhakto jano māṃ svarūpeṇa na jānātv iti saṅkalpānuvidhāyinyā māyayā samyag āvṛtaḥ saty api jñāna-kāraṇe jñāna-viṣayatvāyogyaḥ kṛtaḥ | ato yad uktaṃ paraṃ bhāvam ajānanta iti tatra mama saṅkalpa eva kāraṇam ity uktaṃ bhavati | ato mama māyayā mūḍha āvṛta-jñānaḥ sann ayaṃ caturvidha-bhakta-vilakṣaṇo lokaḥ saty api jñāna-kāraṇe mām ajam avyayam anādy-anantaṃ parameśvaraṃ nābhijānāti, kintu viparīta-dṛṣṭyā manuṣyam eva kaṃcin manyata ity arthaḥ | vidyamānaṃ vastu-svarūpam āvṛṇoty avidyamānaṃ ca kiṃcid darśayatīti laukika-māyām api prasiddham etat ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ - nanu yadi tvaṃ nitya-rūpa-guṇa-līlo 'si, tadā te tathābhūtā sārvakālikī sthitiḥ kathaṃ na dṛśyate? tatrāha nāham iti | ahaṃ sarvasya sarva-deśa-kāla-vartino janasya na prakāśo na prakaṭaḥ | yathā guṇa-līlā-parikaravattvena sadaiva virājamāno 'pi dadācid eva keṣucid eva bhramāṇḍeṣu | kiṃ ca sūryo yathā sumeru-śailāvaraṇa-vaśāt sarvadā loka-dṛśyo na bhavati, kintu kadācid eva, tathaivāham api yogamāyā-samāvṛtaḥ | na ca jyotiścakravartamānānāṃ prāṇināṃ jyotiścakrastho jyotiścakra-madhye sāmastyena sadaiva virājamāno 'pi sūryaḥ sarva-kāla-deśa-varti-janasya na prakaṭaḥ | kintu kādācitkeṣu ca bhāratādiṣu khaṇḍeṣu vartamānasya janasyaiva tathaivāham api |

sva-dhāmasu svarūpa-sūryo yathā sadaiva dṛśyas tathaiva śrī-kṛṣṇa-dhāmani mathurā-dvārakādau sthitānām idānīntanānāṃ janānāṃ tatrasthaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ kathaṃ na dṛśyo bhavati ? ucyate yadi jyotiścakra-madhye sumerur abhaviṣyat tadā tad-āvṛtaḥ sūryo dṛśyo nābhaviṣyat | tatra tu mathurādi-kṛṣṇa-dyumaṇi-dhāmani sumeru-sthānīyā yoga-māyaiva sadā vartata ity atas tad-āvṛtaḥ kṛṣṇārkaḥ sadā na dṛśyate | kintu kadācid eveti sarvam anavadyam | ato mūḍho loko māṃ śyāmasundarākāraṃ vasudevātmajam avyayaṃ māyika-janmādi-śūnyaṃ nābhijānāti | ataeva kalyāṇa-guṇa-vāridhiṃ mām apy antatas tyaktvā man-nirviśeṣ-svarūpaṃ

baladevaḥ - nanu bhaktā ivābhaktāś ca tvāṃ pratyakṣīkurvanti prasādād eva bhajatsv abhivyaktir iti katham ? tatrāha nāham iti | bhaktānām evāhaṃ nitya-vijñām asukha-ghano 'nanta-kalyāṇa-guṇa-karmā prakāśo 'bhivyakto, na tu sarveṣām abhaktānām api | yad ahaṃ yogamāyayā samāvṛto mad-vimukha-vyāmohakatva-yoga-yuktayā māyayā samācchanna-parisara ity arthaḥ | yad uktaṃ -māyā-javanikācchanna-mahimne brahmaṇe namaḥ iti | māyā-mūḍho 'yaṃ loko 'timānuṣa-daivata-prabhāvaṃ vidhi-rudrādi-vanditam api māṃ nābhijānāti | kīdṛśam ? ajaṃ janma-śūnyaṃ yato 'vyayam apracyuta-svarūpa-sāmarthya-sārvajñyādikam ity arthaḥ ||25||

BhG 7.26

śrīdharaḥ -sarvottamaṃ mat-svarūpam ajānanta ity uktam | tad eva svasya sarvottamatvam anāvṛta-jñāna-śaktitvena darśayann anyeṣām ajñānam āha vedāham iti | samātītāni vinaṣṭāni vartamānāni ca bhaviṣyāṇi bhāvini ca trikāla-vartīni bhūtāni sthāvara-jaṅgamāni sarvāny ahaṃ veda jānāmi | māyāśrayatvān mama | tasyāḥ svāśraya-vyāmohakatvābhāvād iti prasiddham | māṃ tu ke 'pi na vetti man-māyā-mohitatvāt | prasiddhaṃ hi loke māyāyāḥ svāśrayādhīnatvam anya-mohakatvaṃ ceti ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ - ato māyayā svādhīnayā sarva-vyāmohakatvāt svayaṃ cāpratibaddha-jñānatvād āha vedāham iti | aham apratibaddha-sarva-vijñāto māyayā sarvān lokān mohayann api samātītāni cira-vinaṣṭāni vartamānāni ca bhaviṣyāṇi ca | evaṃ kāla-traya-vartīni bhūtāni sthāvara-jaṅgamāni sarvāny veda jānāmi | he 'rjuna ! ato 'haṃ sarva-jñaḥ parameśvara ity atra nāsti saṃśaya ity arthaḥ | māṃ tu | tu-śabdo jñāna-pratibandha-dyotanārthaḥ | māṃ sarva-darśinam api māyāvinam iva tan-māyā-mohitaḥ kaścana ko 'pi mad-anugraha-bhājanaṃ mad-bhaktaṃ vinā na veda man-māyā-mohitatvāt | ato mat-tattva-vedanābhāvād eva prāyeṇa prāṇino māṃ na bhajanta ity abhiprāyaḥ ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ - kiṃ ca māyāyāḥ svāśraya-vyāmohakatvābhāvād bahiraṅgā māyā | antaraṅgā yoga-māyā ca mama jñānaṃ nāvṛṇotīty āha vedāham iti | māṃ tu kaścana prākṛto 'prākṛtaś ca loko mahā-rudrādir mahā-sarvajño 'pi na kārtsnyena veda, yathāyogaṃ māyayā yoga-māyayā ca jñānāvaraṇād iti bhāvaḥ || ||26||

baladevaḥ - nanu māyāvṛtatvāt tava jīvavad ajñatāpattir iti cet tatrāha vedāham iti | na hi mad-adhīnayā mat-tejasābhibhūtayā dūrato javanikayaiva māṃ sevamānayā māyayā mama kācid vikṛtir ity arthaḥ | māṃ tu vedeti maj-jñānī koṭiṣv api sudurlabha ity arthaḥ ||26||

BhG 7.27

śrīdharaḥ - tad evaṃ māyā-viṣayatvena jīvānāṃ parameśvarājñānam uktam | tasyaivājñānasya dṛḍhatve kāraṇam āha iccheti | sṛjyata iti sargaḥ | sarge sthūla-dehotpattau satyāṃ tad-anukūla icchā | tat-pratikūle ca dveṣaḥ | tābhyāṃ samutthaḥ samudbhūto yaḥ śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhādi-dvandva-nimitto moho viveka-bhraṃśaḥ | tena sarvāṇi bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ yānti | aham eva sukhī duḥkhī ceti gāḍhataram abhiniveśaṃ prāpnuvanti | atas tāni maj-jñānābhāvān māṃ na bhajantīti bhāvaḥ ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ - yoga-māyāṃ bhagavat-tattva-vijñāna-pratibandhe dehendriya-saṃghātābhimānātiśaya-pūrvakaṃ bhogābhiniveśaṃ hetv-antaram āha iccheti | icchā-dveṣābhyām anukūla-pratikūla-viṣayābhyāṃ samutthitena śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhādi-dvandva-nimittena mohenāhaṃ sukhy ahaṃ duḥkhīty ādi-viparyayeṇa sarvāṇy api bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ vivekāyogyatvaṃ sarge sthūla-dehotpattau satyāṃ yānti | he bhārata ! he parantapa ! iti sambodhana-dvayasya kula-mahimnā svarūpa-śaktyā ca tvāṃ dvandva-mohākhyaḥ śatrur nābhibhavitum alam iti bhāvaḥ | na hīcchā-dveṣa-rahitaṃ kiṃcid api bhūtam asti | na ca tābhyām āviṣṭasya bahir viṣayam api jñānaṃ sambhavati, kiṃ punar ātma-viṣayam | ato rāga-dveṣa-vyākulāntaḥ-karaṇatvāt sarvāṇy api bhūtāni māṃ parameśvaram ātma-bhūtaṃ na jānanti | ato na bhajante bhajanīyam api ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ - tan-māyayā jīvāḥ kadārabhya muhyantīty apekṣāyām āha iccheti | sarge jagat-sṛṣṭy-ārambha-kāle sarva-bhūtāni sarve jīvāḥ sammohayanti | kena ? prācīna-karmodbuddhau yāv icchā-dveṣau indriyāṇām anukūle viṣaye icchābhilāṣaḥ pratikūle dveṣaḥ tābhyāṃ samutthaḥ samudbhūto yo dvandvo mānāpamānayoḥ śītoṣṇādyāḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ strī-puṃsayor mohaḥ - ahaṃ sammānitaḥ sukhī, aham avamānito duḥkhī | mameyaṃ strī, mamāyaṃ purusaḥ ity ādyākāraka āvidyako yo mohas tena saṃmohaṃ strī-putrādiṣv atyantāsaktiṃ prāpnuvanti | ataevātyantāsaktānāṃ na mad-bhaktāv adhikāraḥ | yad uddhavaṃ prati mayaiva vakṣyate -

yadṛcchayā mat-kathādau jāta-śraddhas tu yaḥ pumān |

baladevaḥ - tvaj-jñānī kutaḥ sudurlabhas tatrāha iccheti | sarge svotpatti-kāle eva sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ yānti | kenety āha dvandva-moheneti | mānāpamānayoḥ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ strī-puruṣayor dvandvair yo mohaḥ sat-kṛto 'haṃ sukhī syām asat-kṛtas tu duḥkhī mameyaṃ patnī mamāyaṃ patir ity evam abhiniveśa-lakṣaṇas tenety arthaḥ | kīdṛśenety āha iccheti pūrva-janmani yatra yatra yāv icchā-dveṣāv abhūtāṃ tābhyāṃ saṃskārātmanā sthitābhyāṃ samuttiṣṭhati para-janmani tatra tatrotpadyata ity arthaḥ | icchā rāgaḥ | evaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ

BhG 7.28

śrīdharaḥ - kutas tarhi kecana tvāṃ bhajanto dṛśyante ? tatrāha yeṣām iti | yeṣāṃ tu puṇya-caraṇa-śīlānāṃ sarva-pratibandhakaṃ pāpam anta-gataṃ naṣṭaṃ te dvandva-nimittena mohena nirmuktā dṛḍha-vratā ekāntinaḥ santo bhajante ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ - yadi sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ yānti, kathaṃ tarhi catur-vidhā bhajante mām ity uktam ? satyaṃ, sukṛtātiśayena teṣāṃ kṣīṇa-pāpatvād ity āha yeṣām iti | yeṣāṃ tv itara-loka-vilakṣaṇānāṃ janānāṃ saphala-janmanāṃ puṇya-karmaṇām aneka-janmasu puṇyācaraṇa-śīlānāṃ tais taiḥ puṇyaiḥ karmabhir jñāna-pratibandhakaṃ pāpam antagatam antam avasānaṃ prāptaṃ te pāpābhāvena tan-nimittena dvandva-mohena rāga-dveṣādi-nibandhana-viparyāsena svata eva nirmuktāḥ punar āvṛtty-ayogyatvena tyaktā dṛḍha-vratā acālya-saṃkalpāḥ sarvathā bhagavān eva bhajnīyaḥ sa caivaṃ-rūpa eveti pramāṇa-janitāprāmāṇya-śaṅkā-śūnya-vijñānāḥ santo māṃ paramātmānaṃ bhajante 'nanya-śaraṇāḥ santaḥ sevante etādṛśā eva catur-vidhā bhajante māṃ ity atra sukṛti-śabdenoktāḥ | ataḥ sarva-bhūtāni saṃmohaṃ yāntīty utsargaḥ | teṣāṃ madhye ye sukṛtinas te saṃmoha-śūnyā māṃ bhajanta ity apavāda iti na virodhaḥ | ayam evotsargaḥ prāg api pratipāditas tribhir guṇamayair bhāvair ity atra | tasmāt sarttva-śodhaka-puṇya-karma-saṃcāya sarvadā yatanīyam iti bhāvaḥ ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ -- tarhi keṣāṃ bhaktāv adhikāra ity ata āha yeṣāṃ puṇya-karmaṇāṃ pāpaṃ tvaṃ tu gatam anta-kālaṃ prāntaṃ naśyad-avasthaṃ, na tu samyak naṣṭam ity arthaḥ | teṣāṃ sattva-guṇodreke sati tamo-guṇa-hrāsaḥ | tasmin sati tat-kāryo moho 'pi hrasati | moha-hrāse sati te khalu atyāsakti-rahitā yādṛcchika-mad-bhakta-saṅgena bhajante mātram | ye tu bhajanādy-abhyāsataḥ samyak naṣṭa-pāpās te mohena niḥśeṣeṇa muktā dṛḍha-vratāḥ prāpta-niṣṭhāḥ santo māṃ bhajante | na caivaṃ puṇya-karmaiva sarva-vidhayoḥ bhakteḥ kāraṇam iti mantavyam |

iti bhagavad-ukteḥ | kevala-bhakti-yogasya puṇyādi-karmāśrayaṃ naiva kāraṇam iti bahuśaḥ pratipādanāt ||28||

baladevaḥ - nanu keṣāṃcit tvad-bhaktiḥ pratīyate sā na syāt | sarva-bhūtāni sarge saṃmohaṃ yāntīty ukter iti cet tatrāha yeṣāṃ prāṇināṃ yādṛcchika-mahattama-dṛṣṭi-pātāt pāpam anta-gataṃ nāśaṃ prāptam abhūt viṣṇor bhūtāni bhūtānāṃ pāvanāya caranti hi [BhP 11.2.28] iti smṛteḥ | kīdṛśānām ity āha puṇyeti | puṇyaṃ manojñaṃ karma mahattama-vīkṣaṇa-rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ puṇyaṃ tu cārv api ity amaraḥ | te dṛḍha-vratā mahat-prasaṅga-prāpta-niṣṭhā dvandva-mohena nirmuktā mat-tattva-jñāḥ santo māṃ bhajante ||28||

BhG 7.29

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ ca māṃ bhajantaḥ sarvaṃ vijñeyaṃ vijñāya kṛtārthāḥ bhavantīty āha jareti | jarāmaraṇayor mokṣāya nirasanārthaṃ mām āśritya ye prayatante te tat paraṃ brahma viduḥ | kṛtsnam adhyātmaṃ ca viduḥ | yena tat prāptavyaṃ taṃ dehādi-vyatiriktaṃ śuddham ātmānaṃ ca jānantīty arthaḥ | tat-sādhana-bhūtam akhilaṃ sa-rahasyaṃ karma ca jānantīty arthaḥ ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ - athedānīm arjunasya praśyan utthāpayituṃ sūtra-bhūtau ślokāv ucyete | anayor eva vṛtti-sthānīya uttaro 'dhyāyo bhaviṣyati jareti | ye saṃsāra-duḥkhān nirviṇṇā jarā-maraṇayor mokṣāya jarā-maraṇādi-vividha-duḥsaha-saṃsāra-duḥkha-nirāsāya tad-eka-hetuṃ māṃ sa-guṇaṃ bhagavantam āśrityetara-sarva-vaimukhyena śaraṇaṃ gatvā yatanti yatante mad-arpitāni phalābhisandhi-śūnyāni vihitāni karmāṇi kurvanti te krameṇa śuddhāntaḥ-karaṇāḥ santas taj-jagat-kāraṇaṃ māyādhiṣṭhānaṃ śuddhaṃ paraṃ brahma nirguṇaṃ tat-pada-lakṣyaṃ māṃ viduḥ | karma ca tad-ubhaya-vedana-sādhanaṃ gurūpasadana-śravaṇa-mananaādy-akhilaṃ niravaśeṣṃ phalāvyabhicāri vidur jānantīty arthaḥ ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ - tad evam ārtādyās trayaḥ sakāmā māṃ bhajantaḥ kṛtārthā bhavantīti | devatāntaraṃ bhajantas tu cyavanta ity uktvā svasyābhajane 'py adhikāriṇaś coktā bhagavatā | idānīm anyaḥ sa-kāmaḥ caturtho 'pi mad-bhakto 'stīty āha jareti | jarāmaraṇayor mokṣāya nāśāya ye yogino yatanti yatante | ye mokṣa-kāmā māṃ bhajantīti phalito 'rthaḥ | te taṃ prasiddhaṃ brahma tathā kṛtsnam ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya bhoktṛtayā vartamānam adhyātmaṃ jīvātmānam akhilaṃ karma ca nānā-vidha-karma-janyaṃ jīvasya saṃsāraṃ ca mad-bhakti-prabhāvād eva vidur jānanti ||29||

baladevaḥ -- tad evam ārtādayaḥ sa-kāmā mad-bhaktāḥ kāmān anubhūyānte māṃ prapadya vindanti mad-anya-deva-bhaktās tu saṃsarantīty uktam | atha tebhyo 'nyo 'pi sa-kāmo mad-bhakto 'stīty ucyate jareti | ye jarā-maraṇābhyāṃ vimokṣāya tan-mātra-kāmāḥ santo mām āśritya mad-arcāṃ sevitvā yatante | tat-praṇāmādi kurvanti | te tat prasiddhaṃ brahma kṛtsnaṃ sa-parikaraṃ vidur adhyātmaṃ cākhilaṃ karma ca viduḥ | brahmādi-śabdānām adhibhūtādi-śabdānāṃ cārthāḥ parasminn adhyāye bhagavataiva vyākhyāsyante | mad-arcā-sevayā vijñeyaṃ vijñāya muktiṃ labhante, na tu mad-vaśyatā-karīṃ mat-priyatām ity arthaḥ | smṛtiś caivam āha sakṛd yad aṅga pratmānta-rahitā mona-mayīṃ bhāgavatīṃ dadau gatim ity ādyā ||29||

BhG 7.30

śrīdharaḥ - na caivaṃ-bhūtānāṃ yoga-bhraṃśa-śaṅkāpīty āha sādhibhūteti | adhibhūtādi-śabdānām arthaṃ śrī-bhagavān evottarādhyāye vyākhyāsyati | adhibhūtenādhidaivena ca sahādhiyajñena ca saha māṃ ye jānanti te yukta-cetaso mayy āsakta-manasaḥ prayāṇa-kāle 'pi maraṇa-samaye 'pi māṃ vidur jānanti | na tu tad api vyākulībhūya māṃ vismaranti | ato mad-bhaktānāṃ na yoga-bhraṃśa-śaṅketi bhāvaḥ ||30||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmikṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ vijñāna-yogo nāma saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - na caivaṃ-bhūtānāṃ mad-bhaktānāṃ mṛtyu-kāle 'pi vivaśa-karaṇatayā mad-vismaraṇaṃ śaṅkanīyaṃ, yataḥ sādhibhūtādhidaivam adhibhūtādidaivābhyāṃ sahitaṃ tathā sādhiyajñaṃ cādhiyajñena ca sahitaṃ māṃ ye viduś cintayanti te yukta-cetasaḥ sarvadā mayi samāhita-cetasaḥ santas tat-saṃskāra-pāṭavāt prayāṇa-kāle prāṇotkramaṇa-kāle karaṇa-grāmasyātyanta-vyagratāyām api | ca-kārād ayatnenaiva mat-kṛpayā māṃ sarvātmānaṃ vidur jānanti | teṣāṃ mṛti-kāle 'pi mad-ākāraiva citta-vṛttiḥ pūrvopacita-saṃskāra-pāṭavād bhavati | tathā ca te mad-bhakti-yogāt kṛtārthā eveti bhāvaḥ |

adhibhūtādhidaivādhiyajña-śabdānuttare 'dhyāye 'rjuna-praśna-pūrvakaṃ vyākhyāsyati bhagavān iti sarvam anāvilam | tad atrottamādhikāriṇaṃ prati jñeyaṃ madhyamādhikāriṇaṃ prati ca dhyeyaṃ lakṣaṇayā mukhyayā ca vṛttyā tat-pada-pratipādyaṃ brahma nirūpitam ||30||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām adhikāri-bhedena jñeya-dhyeya-pratipādya-tattva-brahma-nirūpaṇaṃ nāma

viśvanāthaḥ --- mad-bhakti-prabhāvād yeṣām īdṛśaṃ maj-jñānaṃ syāt teṣām anta-kāle 'pi tad eva jñānaṃ syāt | na tv anyeṣām iva karmopasthāpitā bhāvi-deha-prāpty-anurūpā matir ity āha sādhibhūteti | adhibhūtādayo 'grimādhyāye vyākhyāsyante | bhaktā eva hares tattva-vido māyāṃ taranti, te coktāḥ ṣaḍ-vidhā atrety adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||30||

baladevaḥ - na ca tat-sevayā prāptaṃ taj-jñānaṃ kadācid api bhraṃśety āha sādhīti | adhibhūtenādhidaivenādhiyajñena ca sahitaṃ māṃ ye viduḥ sat-prasaṅgāj jānanti, te prayāṇa-kāle mṛtyu-samaye 'pi māṃ vidur na tu tad-anyavad vyagrāḥ santo māṃ vismarantīty arthaḥ ||30||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye saptamo 'dhyāyaḥ | ||7||

Bhagavadgita 8

BhG 8.1

pūrvādhyāyānte bhagavatopakṣiptānāṃ brahmādhyātmādi-saptānāṃ padarthānāṃ tattvaṃ jijñāsur arjuna uvāca kiṃ tad brahmeti dvābhyām | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ - pūrvādhyāyānte te brahma tad viduḥ kṛtsnam adhyātmaṃ karma cākhilam ity ādinā sārdha-ślokena sapta-padārthā jñeyatvena bhagavatā sūtritās teṣāṃ vṛtti-sthānīyo 'yam aṣṭamo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra sūtritāni sapta-vastūni viśeṣato bubhutsamānaḥ ślokābhyām | taj-jñeyatvenoktaṃ brahma kiṃ sopādhikaṃ nirupādhikaṃ vā | evam ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya tasminn adhiṣṭhāne tiṣṭhatīty adhyātmaṃ kiṃ śrotrādikaraṇa-grāmo vā pratyak-caitanyaṃ vā | tathā karma cākhilam ity atra kiṃ karma yajña-rūpam anyad vā vijñāntaṃ yajñaṃ tanute karmāṇi tanute 'pi ca iti śrutau dvaividhya-śravaṇāt |

tava mama ca samatvāt kathaṃ tvaṃ māṃ pṛcchasīti śaṅkām apanudan sarva-puruṣebhya uttamasya sarvajñasya tava na kiṃcid ajñeyam iti saṃbodhanena sūcayati he puruṣottameti | adhibhūtaṃ ca kiṃ proktaṃ pṛthivyādibhūtam adhikṛtya yat kiṃcit kāryam adhibhūta-padena vivakṣitaṃ kiṃ vā samastam eva kārya-jātam | ca-kāraḥ sarveṣāṃ praśnānāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | adhidaivaṃ kim ucyate devatā-viṣayam anudhyānaṃ vā sarvadaivateṣv ādiyta-maṇḍalādiṣv anusyūtaṃ caitanyaṃ vā ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ ---

pūrvādhyāyānte brahmādi-sapta-padārthānāṃ jñānaṃ bhagavatoktam | atra teṣāṃ tattvaṃ jijñāsuḥ pṛcchati dvābhyām | atra dehe ko 'dhiyajño yajñādhiṣṭhātā, sa cāsmin dehe kathaṃ jñeya ity uttarasyānusaṅgī ||1-2||

pūrvādhyāyānte mumukṣāṇāṃ jñeyatayoddiṣṭān brahmādīn saptārthān viboddhum arjunaḥ pṛcchati | kiṃ tad brahmeti kiṃ paramātma-caitanyaṃ vā | kiṃ jīvātma-caitanyaṃ vā tad brahmety arthaḥ | kim adhyātmam iti ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtyeti nirukteḥ | śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ vā sūkṣma-bhūta-vṛndaṃ vā tad iti | āvayos taulyāt kim iti māṃ pṛcchasīti śaṅkāṃ nivartayituṃ sambodhanaṃ he puruṣottameti | pareśatvāt tava sarvaṃ suviditaṃ na tu memeti bhāvaḥ | adhibhūtaṃ ca kim iti bhūtāny adhikṛtyeti nirukter ghaṭyādi-kāryaṃ vā sthūla-śarīraṃ vā tad iti | adhidaivaṃ kim iti devatā-viṣayakam anudhyānaṃ vā samaṣṭir virāṭ vā tad iti ||1||

BhG 8.2

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca - adhiyajña iti | atra dehe you yajño nivartate tasmin ko 'dhiyajño 'dhiṣṭhātā | prayojakaḥ phala-dātā ca ka ity arthaḥ | svarūpaṃ pṛṣṭvādhiṣṭhāna-prakāraṃ pṛcchati - kathaṃ kena prakāreṇāsāv asmin dehe sthito yajñam adhitiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | yajña-grahaṇaṃ sarva-karmaṇām upalakṣaṇārtham | anta-kāle ca niyata-cittaiḥ puruṣaiḥ kathaṃ kenopāyena jñeyo 'si ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ - adhiyajño yajñam adhigato devatātmā vā para-brahma vā | sa ca kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa cintanīyaḥ | kiṃ tādātmyena kiṃ vātyantābhedena | sarvathāpi sa kim asmin dehe vartate tato bahir vā | dehe cet sa ko 'tra buddhyādis tad-vyatirikto vā | adhiyajñaḥ kathaṃ ko 'treti na praśna-dvayam | kintu saprakāra eka eva praśna iti draṣṭavyam | parama-kāruṇikatvād āyāsenāpi sarvopadrava-nivārakasya bhagavato 'nāyāsena mat-sanehopadrava-nivāraṇam īṣatkaram ucitam eveti sūcayan sambodhayati he madhusūdaneti |

prayāṇa-kāle ca sarva-karaṇa-grāma-vaiyāgryāc citta-samādhānānupapatteḥ kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa niyatātmabhiḥ samāhita-cittairjñeyo 'sīty ukta-śaṅkā-sūcanārthaś cakāraḥ | etat sarvaṃ sarvajñatvāt parama-kāruṇikatvāc ca śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ prati kathayety abhiprāyaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nothing.

baladevaḥ - adhiyajñaḥ ka iti yajñam adhigata indrādir vā viṣṇur vā sa iti | katham iti tasyādhiyajña-bhāvaḥ katham ity arthaḥ | etat sarvaṃ mat-sandeha-nivāraṇaṃ taveṣatkaram iti bodhayituṃ sambodhanaṃ - he madhusūdaneti | prayāṇeti tadā sarvendriya-vyagratayā citta-samādhānāsmabhavād iti bhāvaḥ ||2||

BhG 8.3

śrīdharaḥ - praśna-krameṇaivottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca akṣaram iti tribhiḥ | na kṣarati na calatīty akṣaram | nanu jīvo 'py akṣaraḥ | paramaṃ yad akṣaraṃ jagato mūla-kāraṇaṃ tad braham | etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadantīti śruteḥ | svasyaiva brahmaṇa evāṃśatayā jīva-rūpeṇa bhavanaṃ svabhāvaḥ | sa evātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya bhoktṛtvena vartamāno 'dhyātma-śabdenocyate ity arthaḥ | bhūtānāṃ jarāyujādīnāṃ bhāva utpattiḥ | udbhavaś ca utkṛṣṭatvena bhavanam udbhavaḥ |

iti krameṇa vṛddhiḥ | tau bhūta-bhāvodbhavau karoti yo visargo devatoddeśena dravya-tyāga-rūpo yajñaḥ | sarva-karmaṇām upalakṣaṇam etat sa ca karma-śabda-vācyaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ saptānāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaraṃ tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ | praśna-krameṇa hi nirṇaye praṣṭur abhīṣṭa-siddhir anāyāsena syādity abhiprāyavān bhagavān atra śloke praśna-trayaṃ krameṇa nirdhāritavān | evaṃ dvitīya-śloke 'pi praśna-trayaṃ tṛtīya-śloke tv ekam iti vibhāgaḥ | nirupādhikam eva brahmātra vivakṣitaṃ brahma-śabdena na tu sopādhikam iti prathama-praśnasyottaram āha - akṣaraṃ na kṣaratīty avināśi aśnute vā sarvam iti sarva-vyāpakam | etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇu ity ādy upakramya etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi sūryā-candramasau vidhṛtau tiṣṭhataḥ nānyad ato 'sti draṣṭṛ śrutir ityādi madhye parāmṛśya etasmin tu khalv akṣarae gārgy ākāśa otaś ca protaś ca ity upasaṃhṛtaṃ śrutyā | sarvopādhi-śūnyaṃ sarvasya praśāsitṛ, avyākṛtākāśāntasya kṛtsnasya prapañcasya dhārayitṛ | asmiṃś ca śarīrendriya-saṃghāte vijñātṛ | nirupādhikaṃ caitanyaṃ tad iha brahmeti vivakṣitam | etad eva vivṛṇoti paramam iti | paramaṃ sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-rūpaṃ praśāsanasya kṛtsna-jaḍa-varga-dhāraṇasya ca liṅgasya tatraivopapatteḥ | akṣaram ambarānta-dhṛteḥ (Vs 1.3.10) iti nyāyāt |

na tv ihākṣara-śabdasya varṇa-mātre rūḍhatvāc chruti-liṅgādhikaraṇa-nyāya-mūlakena rūḍhir yogam apaharati iti nyāyena rathakāra-śabdena jāti-viśeṣavat-praṇavākhyam akṣaram eva grāhyaṃ tatrokta-liṅga-sambhavāt | om ity ekākṣaraṃ brahmeti ca pareṇa viśeṣaṇāt ānaarthakya-pratihatānāṃ viparītaṃ balābalam iti nyāyāt | varṣāsu rathakāra ādadhīta ity atra tu jāti-viśeṣe nāsty asambhava iti viśeṣaḥ | ananyathā-siddhena tu liṅgena śruter bādhaḥ ākāśas tal-liṅgāt ity ādau vivṛtaḥ | etāvāṃs tv iha viśeṣaḥ | ananyathā-siddhena liṅgena śruter bādhe yatra yogaḥ sambhavati tatra sa eva gṛhyate mukhyatvāt | yathājyaiḥ stuvate pṛṣṭaiḥ stuvata ity ādau | yathā cātraivākṣara-śabde | yatra tu yogo 'pi na sambhavati tatra gauṇī vṛttir yathākāśa-prāṇādi-śabdeṣu | ākāśa-śabdasyāpi brahmaṇi ā samantāt kāśata iti yogaḥ sambhavatīti cet | sa eva gṛhyatām iti pañcapādīkṛtaḥ | tathā ca parāmarṣaṃ sūtraṃ prasiddheś ca (Vs 1.3.17) iti | kṛtam atra vistareṇa |

tad evaṃ kiṃ tad brahmeti nirṇītam | adhunā kim adhyātmam iti nirṇīyate | yad akṣaraṃ brahmety uktaṃ tasyaiva svabhāvaḥ svo bhāvaḥ svarūpaṃ pratyak-caitanyaṃ na tu svasya bhāva iti ṣaṣṭhī-samāsaḥ | lakṣaṇāprasaṅgāt, ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa-bādhena karma-dhāraya-parigrahasya śruta-padārthānvayena viṣāda-sthapaty-adhikaraṇa-siddhatvāt | tasmān na brahmaṇaḥ saṃbandhi kintu brahma-svarūpam eva | ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya bhoktṛtayā vartamānam adhyātmam ucyate 'dhyātma-śabdenābhidhīyate na karaṇa-grāma ity arthaḥ |

yāga-dāna-homātmakaṃ vaidikaṃ karmaivātra karma-śabdena vivikṣitam iti tṛtīya-praśnottaram āha bhūtānāṃ bhavana-dharmakāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ bhāvam utpattim udbhavaṃ vṛddhiṃ ca karoti yo visargas tyāgasta-tac-chāstra-vihito yāga-dāna-homātmakaḥ sa iha karma-saṃjñitaḥ | karma-śabdenokta iti yāvat | tatra devatoddeśena dravya-tyāgo yāga uttiṣṭhad dhomo vaṣaṭ-kāra-prayogāntaḥ | sa evopaviṣṭa-homaḥ svāhā-kāra-prayogānta āsecana-paryanto homaḥ | para-svatvāpatti-paryantaḥ svatva-tyāgo dānam | sarvatra ca tyāgāṃśo 'nugataḥ | tasya ca bhā̆ta-bhāvodbhava-karatvam-

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate | ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti smṛteḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ --- uttaram āha akṣaram iti | na kṣaratīti akṣaraṃ nityaṃ yat paramaṃ tad brahma-- etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadantīti śruteḥ | svabhāvaḥ svātmānaṃ dehādhyāsa-vaśād bhāvayati janayatīti svabhāvaḥ jīvaḥ | yad vā svaṃ bhāvayati paramātmānaṃ prāpayatīti svabhāvaḥ śuddha-jīvo 'dhyātmam ucyate | adhyātma-śabda-vācya ity arthaḥ | bhūtair eva bhāvānāṃ manuṣyādi-dehānām udbhavaṃ karotīti sa visargo jīvasya saṃsāraḥ karma-janyatvāt karma-saṃjñaḥ | karma-śabdena jīvasya saṃsāra ucyata ity arthaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān krameṇa saptānām uttaram āha akṣaram iti | na kṣaratīti nirkter akṣaraṃ yat paramaṃ dehādi-viviktaṃ jīvātma-caitanyaṃ tan mayā brahmety ucyate | tasyākṣara-śabdatvaṃ brahma-śabdatvaṃ ca-avyaktam akṣare līyate 'kṣaraṃ tamasi līyate tama ekībhavati parasminn iti vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda iti śruteḥ |

svabhāva iti | svasya jīvātmanaḥ sambandhī yo bhāvo bhūta-sūkṣma-tad-vāsanā-lakṣaṇa-padārthaḥ | pañcāgni-vidyāyāṃ paṭhitas tad-ātmani saṃbadhyamānatvān mayādhyātmam ucyate |

bhūteti teṣāṃ sūkṣmāṇāṃ bhūtānāṃ sthūlais taiḥ saṃpṛktānāṃ bhāvo manuṣyādi-lakṣaṇas tad-udbhava-karas tad-utpādako yo visargaḥ sa karma saṃjñitaḥ | jyotiṣṭomādi-karmaṇā svargam āsādya tasmin deva-dehena tat-karmopabhujya-bhāṇḍa-saṃkrānta-ghṛta-śeṣavad-bhogorvarito yaḥ karma-śeṣo bhuvi manuṣyādi-deha-lābhāya visṛṣṭas tan mayā karmocyate | chāndogye dyu-parjanya-pṛthivī-puruṣa-yoṣitsu pañcasv agniṣu śraddhā-soma-vṛṣṭy-anna-retāṃsi kramāt pañcāhutayaḥ paṭhyante | tatrāyam arthaḥ - vaidiko jīva iha loke 'smayāni dadhy-ādīni śraddhayā juhoti | tā dadhy-ādimayyaḥ pañcīkṛtatvāt pañca-bhūta-rūpā āpaḥ śraddhayā hutatvāt śraddhākhyāhuti-svarūpeṇa tasmin jīve saṃbaddhās tiṣṭhanti | atha tasmin mṛte tad-indriyādhiṣṭhātāro devās tā dyulokāgnau juhvati | tadvantaṃ jīvaṃ divaṃ nayantīty arthaḥ | hutāstāḥ soma-rājākhya-divya-dehatayā pariṇamante tena dehena sa tatra karma-phalāni bhuṅkte | tad-bhogāvasāne 'smayo jīvavān dehais tair devaiḥ parjanyāgnau huto vṛṣṭir bhavati | vṛṣṭi-bhūtās tāḥ sajīvāḥ pṛthivy-agnau tair hutā brīhy-ādy-anna-bhāvaṃ labhante | anna-bhūtāḥ sajīvās tāḥ puruṣāgnau hutā reto-bhāvaṃ bhajante | reto-bhūtāḥ sa-jīvās tā yoṣid-agnau tair hutā garbhātmanā sthitā manuṣya-bhāvaṃ prayāntīti tad-bhāva-hetur anuśaya-śabda-vācyaḥ karma-śeṣaḥ karmeti | evam evoktaṃ sūtrakṛtā tad-antara-pratipattau ity ādibhiḥ ||3||

BhG 8.4

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca adhibhūtam iti | kṣaro vinaśvaro bhāvo dehādi-padārthaḥ | bhūtaṃ prāṇi-mātram adhikṛtya bhavatīty adhibhūtam ucyate | puruṣo vairājaḥ sūrya-maṇḍala-madhyavartī svāṃśa-bhūta-sarva-devatānām adhipatir adhidaivatam ucyate | adhidaivatam adhiṣṭhātrī devatā | sa vai śarīrī prathamaḥ sa vai puruṣa ucyate | ādikartā sa bhūtānāṃ brahmāgre samavartata || iti śruteḥ |

atrāsmin dehe 'ntaryāmitvena sthito 'ham evādhiyajño yajñādi-karma-pravartakas tat-phala-dātā ca | katham ity asyāpy uttaram anenaivoktaṃ bhraṣṭavyam | antaryāmiṇo 'saṅgatvādibhir guṇair jīva-vailakṣaṇyena dehāntarvartitvasya prasiddhatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ-

madhusūdanaḥ - sampraty agrima-praśna-trayasyottaram āha adhibhūtam iti | kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī bhāvo yat kiṃcij janimad vastu bhūtaṃ prāṇi-jātam adhikṛtya bhavatīty adhibhūtam ity ucyate | puruṣo hiraṇyagarbhaḥ samaṣṭi-liṅgātmā vyaṣṭi-sarva-karaṇānugrāhakaḥ ātmaivedam agra āsīt puruṣavidhaḥ ity upakramya sa yat pūrvo 'smāt sarvasvmāt sarvān pāpmana auṣattasmāt puruṣaḥ ity ādi-śrutyā pratipāditaḥ | ca-kārāt-

ity ādi-smṛtyā ca pratipāditaḥ | adhidaivataṃ daivatāny ādityādīn adhikṛtya cakṣur-ādi-karaṇāny anugṛhṇātīti | tathocyate adhiyajñaḥ sarva-yajñādhiṣṭhātā sarva-yajña-phala-dāyakaś ca | sarva-yajñābhimāninī viṣṇv-ākhyā devatā yajño vai viṣṇuḥ iti śruteḥ | sa ca viṣṇur adhiyajño 'haṃ vāsudeva eva na mad-bhinnaḥ kaścit | ataeva para-brahmaṇaḥ sakāśād atyantābhedenaiva pratipattavya iti katham iti vyākhyātam | sa cātrāsmin manuṣya-dehe yajña-rūpeṇa vartate buddhyādi-vyatirikto viṣṇu-rūpatvāt | etena sa kim asmin dehe tato bahir vā dehe cet ko 'tra buddhyādis tad vyatirikto veti sandeho nirastaḥ | manuṣya-dehe ca yajñasyāvasthānaṃ yajñasya manuṣya-deha-nirvartyatvāt | puruṣo vai yajñaḥ puruṣas tena yajño yad enaṃ puruṣas tanute ity ādi śruteḥ |

he deha-bhṛtāṃ vara sarva-prāṇināṃ śreṣṭheti sambodhayan pratikṣaṇaṃ mat-sambhāṣaṇāt kṛtakṛtyas tvam etad-bodha-yogyo 'sīti protsāhayaty arjunaṃ bhagavān | arjunasya sarva-prāṇi-śreṣṭhatvaṃ bhagavad-anugrahātiśaya-bhājanatvāt prasiddham eva ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ --- kṣaro naśvaro bhāvaḥ padārtho ghaṭa-paṭādir adhibhūtam adhibhūta-śabda-vācyaḥ puruṣaḥ samaṣṭi-virāḍ-adhidaivata-śabda-vācyaḥ | adhikṛtya vartamānāni sūryādi-daivatāni yatra iti tan-nirukteḥ | atra dehe 'dhiyajño yajñādi-karma-pravartako 'ntaryāmy ahaṃ mad-aṃśakatvād aham evety eva-kāreṇa kathaṃ jñeya ity asyottaram antaryāmitve 'ham eva mad-abhinnatve naiva jñeyo na tu adhyātmādir ive mad-bhinnatvenety arthaḥ | dehe deha-bhṛtāṃ vareti tvaṃ tu sākṣān mat-sakhatvāt sarva-śreṣṭha eva bhavasīti bhāvaḥ ||4||

baladevaḥ - adhīti | kṣaraḥ pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmī bhāvaḥ sthūlo dehaḥ sa mayādhibhūtam it ucyate | bhūtaṃ prāṇinam adhikṛtya bhavatīti vyutpatteḥ | puruṣaḥ samaṣṭi-virāṭ sa mayādhidaivam ity ucyate adhikṛtya vartamānāny ādityādīni daivatāny atreti vyutpatteḥ | atra dehe 'dhiyajño yajñam adhikṛtya vartata iti vyutpattes tat-pravartakas tat-phala-pradaś cāham eva | pratyākhyeyāni tu svayam evohyāni | eva-kāreṇa svasmāt tasya bhedo nirākṛtaḥ | anena katham ity asyāpy uttaram uktaṃ prādeśa-mātra-vapustvenāntar-niyamayann ahaṃ yajñādi-pravartaka ity arthaḥ | tathā ca mad-arcā-sevanād etān brahmādīn saptārthān svarūpato ' śrameṇa vindatīti | tatra brahmādhiyajñau prāpyatayādhyātmādīni

BhG 8.5

śrīdharaḥ - prayāṇa-kāle ca jñāyo 'sīty anena pṛṣṭam anta-kāle jñānopāyaṃ tat-phalaṃ ca darśayati anta-kāla iti | mām evokta-lakṣaṇam antaryāmi-rūpaṃ parameśvaraṃ smaran dehaṃ tyaktvā yaḥ prakarṣeṇārcir-ādi-mārgeṇottarāyaṇa-pathā yāti sa mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatāṃ yāti | atra saṃśayo nāsti | smaraṇaṃ jñānopāyaḥ | mad-bhāvāpattiś ca phalam ity arthaḥ ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīṃ prayāṇa-kāle ca kathaṃ jñeyo 'sīti saptamasya praśnasyottaram āha anta-kāle ceti | mām eva bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam adhiyajñaṃ sa-guṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ vā paramam akṣaraṃ brahma na tv adhyātmādikaṃ smaran sadā cintayaṃs tat-saṃskāra-pāṭavāt samasta-karaṇa-grāma-vaiyagryavaty anta-kāle 'pi smaran kalevaraṃ muktvā śarīre 'haṃ-mamābhimānaṃ tyaktvā prāṇa-viyoga-kāle yaḥ prayāti sa-guṇa-dhyāna-pakṣe 'gnijyotir-ahaḥ-śukla ity ādi-vacyamāṇena deva-yāna-mārgeṇa pitṛ-yāna-mārgāt prakarṣeṇa yāti sa upāsako mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatāṃ nirguṇa-brahma-bhāvaṃ hiraṇya-garbha-loka-bhogānte yāti prāpnoti | nirguṇa-brahma-smaraṇa-pakṣe tu kalevaraṃ tyaktvā prayātīti loka-dṛṣṭy-abhiprāyaṃ na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanty atraiva samavanīyante iti śrutes tasya prāṇotkramaṇābhāvena gaty-abhāvāt | sa mad-bhāvaṃ sākṣād eva yāti brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti (BAU 4.4.6) iti śruteḥ | nāsty atra deha-vyatirikta ātmani mad-bhāva-prāptau vā saṃśayaḥ | ātmā dehādy-atirikto na vā, deha-vyatireke 'pi īśvarād bhinno na veti sandeho na vidyate chidyante sarva-saṃśayāḥ (MuṇḍU 2.2.8) iti śruteḥ | atra ca kalevaraṃ muktvā prayātīti dehād bhinnatvaṃ mad-bhāvaṃ yātīti ceśvarād abhinnatvaṃ jīvasyoktam iti draṣṭavyam ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ --- prayāṇa-kāle kathaṃ jñeyo 'sīty asyottaram āha-anta-kāle ceti | mām eva smarann iti mat-smaraṇam eva maj-jñānam | na tu ghaṭa-paṭādir ivāhaṃ kenāpi tattvato jñātuṃ śakya iti bhāvaḥ | smaraṇa-rūpa-jñānasya prakāras tu caturdaśa-śloke vakṣyate ||5||

baladevaḥ -- prayāṇa-kāle kathaṃ jñeyo 'sīty asyottaram āha-anteti | atra smaraṇātmakena jñānena jñeyo bhavan-mad-bhāvopalambhanaṃ ca tat phalaṃ prayacchāmīty uktam | tatra mad-bhāvaṃ mat-svabhāvam ity arthaḥ | yathāham apahata-pāpmatvādi-guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭa-svabhāvas tādṛśaḥ sa mat-smartā bhavatīti ||5||

BhG 8.6

śrīdharaḥ - na kevalaṃ māṃ smaran mad-bhāvaṃ prāpnotīti niyamaḥ | kiṃ tarhi? yaṃ yam iti | yaṃ yaṃ bhāvaṃ devatāntaraṃ vānyam api vānta-kāle smaran dehaṃ tyajati taṃ tam eva smaryamāṇaṃ bhāvaṃ prāpnoti | anta-kāle bhāva-viśeṣa-smaraṇe hetuḥ | sadā tad-bhāva-bhāvita iti sarvadā tasya bhāvo bhāvanā anucintanam | tena bhāvito vāsita-cittaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ - anta-kāle bhagavantam anudhyāyato bhagavat-prāptir niyateti vaditum anyad api yatkiṃcid api yat kiṃcit tat-kāle dhyāyato dehaṃ tyajatas tat-prāptir avaśyambhāvinīti darśayati yaṃ yam iti | na kevalaṃ māṃ smaran mad-bhāvaṃ yātīti niyamaḥ kiṃ tarhi yaṃ yaṃ cāpi bhāvaṃ devatā-viśeṣaṃ ca-kārād anyad api yat kiṃcid vā smaraṃś cintayann ante prāṇa-viyoga-kāle kalevaraṃ tyajati sa taṃ tam eva smaryamāṇaṃ bhāvam eva nānyam eti prāpnoti | he kaunteyeti pitṛ-ṣvasṛ-putratvena snehātiśayaṃ sūcayati | tena cāvaśyānugrāhyatvaṃ tena ca pratāraṇāśaṅkā-śūnyatvam iti |

anta-kāle smaraṇodyamāsambhave 'pi pūrvābhyāsa-janitā vāsanaiva smṛti-hetur ity āha - sadā sarvadā tasmin devatā-viśeṣādau bhāvo bhāvanā vāsanā tad-bhāvaḥ sa bhāvitaḥ sampādito yena sa tathā bhāvita-tad-bhāva ity arthaḥ | ādhitāgny-āder ākṛti-gaṇatvād bhāvita-padasya para-nipātaḥ | tad-bhāvena tac-cintanena bhāvito vāsita-citta iti vā ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ --- mām eva smaran māṃ prāpnotītivan mad-anyam api smaran mad-anyam eva prāpnotīty āha yaṃ yam iti | tasya bhāvena bhāvanenānucintanena bhāvito vāsitas tan-mayī-bhūtaḥ ||6||

baladevaḥ - na ca mat-smarteiva mad-bhāvaṃ yātīti niyamaḥ | kintv anya-smartāpy anya-bhāvaṃ yātīty āha yaṃ yam iti | bhāvaṃ padārtham | taṃ tam eva bhāva-deha-tyāgottaram evaiti | yathā bharato dehānte mṛgaṃ cintayan mṛgo 'bhūt | antima-smṛtiś ca pūrva-smṛti-viṣayaiva bhavatīty āha sadeti | tad-bhāva-bhāvitas tat-smṛti-vāsita-cittaḥ ||6||

BhG 8.7

śrīdharaḥ - yasmāt pūrva-vāsanaivānta-kāle smṛti-hetuḥ, na tu tadā vivaśasya smaraṇodyamo sambhavati tasmād iti | tasmāt sarvadā mām anusmara cintaya | satataṃ smaraṇaṃ ca citta-śuddhiṃ vinā na bhavati | ato yudhya ca yudhyasva | citta-śuddhy-arthaṃ yuddhādikaṃ svadharmam anutiṣṭhety arthaḥ | evaṃ mayy arpitaṃ manaḥ saṅkalpātmakaṃ buddhiś ca vyavasāyātmikāyena tvayā sa tvaṃ māme va prāpsyasi | asaṃśayaḥ saṃśayo 'tra nāsti ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - yasmād evaṃ pūrva-smaraṇābhyāsa-janitāntyā bhāvanaiva tadānīṃ paravaśasya dehāntara-prāptau kāraṇaṃ tasmād iti | tasmān mad-viṣayakāntya-bhāvanotpatty-arthaṃ sarveṣu kāleṣu pūrvam evādareṇa māṃ saguṇam īśvaram anusmara cintaya | yady antaḥkaraṇāśuddhi-vaśān na śaknoṣi satatam anusmartuṃ tato 'ntaḥkaraṇa-śuddhaye yudhya ca | antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ yuddhādikaṃ svadharmaṃ kuru | yudhyeti yudhyasvety arthaḥ | evaṃ ca nitya-naimittika-karmānuṣṭhānenāśuddhi-kṣayān mayi bhagavati vāsudeve 'rpite saṅkalpādhyavasāya-lakṣaṇe mano-buddhī yena tvayā sa tvam īdṛśaḥ sarvadā mac-cintana-paraḥ san mām evaiṣyasi prāpsyasi | asaṃśayo nātra saṃśayo vidyate | idaṃ ca saguṇa-brahma-cintanam upāsakānām uktaṃ teṣām antya-bhāvanā-sāpekṣatvāt | nirguṇa-brahma-jñānināṃ tu jñāna-sama-kālam evājñāna-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇāyā mukteḥ siddhatvān nāsty antya-bhāvanāpekṣeti draṣṭavyam ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ --- manaḥ saṅkalpakātmakam | buddhir vyavasāyātmikā ||7||

baladevaḥ - yasmāt pūrva-smṛtir evāntima-smṛti-hetus tasmāt tvaṃ sarveṣu kāleṣu pratikṣaṇaṃ mām anusmara yudhyasva ca loka-saṅgrahāya yuddhādīni svocitāni karmāṇi kuru | evaṃ mayy arpitamanobuddhis tvaṃ mām evaiṣyasi, na tv anyad iy atra sandehas te mābhūt ||7||

BhG 8.8

śrīdharaḥ - santata-smaraṇasya cābhyāso 'ntaraṅga-sādhanam iti darśayann āha abhyāsa-yogeneti | abhyāsaḥ sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāhaḥ | sa eva yoga upāyaḥ | tena yuktenaikāgreṇa | ataeva nānyaṃ viṣayaṃ gantuṃ śīlaṃ yasya | tena cetasā | divyaṃ dyotanātmakaṃ paramaṃ puruṣaṃ parameśvaram anucintayan he pārtha tam eva yātīti ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evaṃ saptānām api praśnānām uttaram uktvā prayāṇa-kāle bhagavad-anusmaraṇasya bhagavat-prāpti-lakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ vivarītum ārabhate abhyāseti | abhyāsaḥ sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāho mayi vijātīya-pratyayānantaritaḥ ṣaṣṭhe prāg vyākhyātaḥ | sa eva yogaḥ samādhis tena yuktaṃ tatraiva vyāpṛtam ātmākāra-vṛtti-śūnyaṃ yac cetas tena cetasābhyāsa-pāṭavena nānya-gāminā nānyatra viṣayāntare nirodha-prayatnaṃ vināpi gantuṃ śīlam asyeti tena paramaṃ niratiśayaṃ puruṣaṃ pūrṇaṃ divyaṃ divi dyotanātmany āditye bhavaṃ yaś cāsāv āditye iti śruteḥ | yāti gacchati | he pārtha | anucintayan śāstrācāryopadeśam anudhyāyan ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tasmāt smaraṇābhyāsina evānta-kāle svata eva mat-smaraṇaṃ bhavati | tena ca māṃ prāpnotīty ataś cetaso mat-smaraṇam eva paramo yoga ity āha abhyāsa-yoga iti | abhyāso mat-smaraṇasya punaḥ punar āvṛttir eva yogas tad-yuktena cetasā, ataeva nānyaṃ viṣayaṃ gantuṃ śīlaṃ yasya tena | smaraṇābhyāsena cittasya svabhāva-vijayo 'pi bhavatīti bhāvaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ - sārvadikī smṛtir evāntima-smṛtikarīty evaṃ draḍhayati abhyāsenti | abhyāsaḥ smaraṇāvṛttir eva yogas tad-yuktenātaevānanya-gāminā | tato 'nyatrācalatā tad ekāgreṇa cetasā divyaṃ puruṣaṃ paramaṃ sa-śrīkaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ vāsudevam anucintayan tam eva kīṭa-bhṛṅga-nyāyena tat-tulāḥ san yāti labhate ||8||

BhG 8.9

śrīdharaḥ - punar apy anucintanīyaṃ puruṣaṃ viśinaṣṭi kavim iti dvābhyām | kaviṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-vidyā-nirmātāraṃ purāṇaṃ manādi-siddham | anuśāsitāraṃ niyantāram | aṇoḥ sūkṣmād apy aṇīyāṃsaṃ atisūkṣmam ākāśa-kāla-digbhyo 'py atisūkṣmataram | sarvasya dhātāraṃ poṣakam | aparimita-mahimatvād acintya-rūpaṃ malīmasayor mano-buddhyor agocaram | vedāham etaṃ puruṣaṃ mahāntam āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt iti śruteḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - punar api tam evānucintayitavyaṃ gantavyaṃ ca puruṣaṃ viśinaṣṭi kavim iti | kaviṃ krānta-darśinaṃ tenātītānāgatādy-aśeṣa-vastu-darśitvena sarvajñam | purāṇaṃ cirantanaṃ sarva-kāraṇatvād anādim iti yāvat | anuśāsitāraṃ sarvasya jagato niyantāram | aṇor aṇīyāṃsaṃ sūkṣād apy ākāśādeḥ sūkṣmataraṃ tad-upādānatvāt | sarvasya karma-phala-jātasya dhātāraṃ vicitratayā prāṇibhyo vibhaktāraṃ phalam ata upapatteḥ iti nyāyāt | na cintayituṃ śakyam aparimitam ahimatvena rūpaṃ yasya tam | ādityasyeva sakala-jagad-avabhāsako varṇaḥ prakāśo yasya taṃ sarvasya jagato 'vabhāsakam iti yāvat | ataeva tamasaḥ parastāt tamaso mohāndhakārād ajñāna-lakṣaṇāt parastāt prakāśa-rūpatvena tamo-virodhinam iti yāvat | anusmarec cintayed yaḥ kaścid api sa taṃ yātīti pūrveṇaiva sambandhaḥ | sa taṃ paraṃ puruṣam upaiti divyam iti pareṇa vā sambandhaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ --- yogābhyāsaṃ vinā manaso viṣaya-grāmān nivṛttir durghaṭā | yac ca vinā sātatyena bhagavat-smaraṇam api durghaṭam iti yuktam | kenacit yogābhyāsena sahitaiva bhaktiḥ kriyata iti tāṃ yoga-miśrāṃ bhaktim āha kavim iti pañcabhiḥ | kaviṃ sarvajñaṃ sarvajño 'py anyaḥ sanakādiḥ sārvakāliko na bhavaty ata āha purāṇam anādiṃ sarvajño 'nādir apy antaryāmī sa bhakty-upadeṣṭā na bhavaty ata āha anuśāsitāram | kṛpayā svabhakti-śikṣakaṃ kṛṣṇa-rāmādi-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | tādṛśa-kṛpālur api sudurvijñeya-tattva eva ity āha aṇoḥ sakāśād apy aṇīyāṃsam | tarhi sa kiṃ jīva iva paramāṇu-pramāṇas tatrāha sarvasya dhātāraṃ sarva-vastu-mātra-dhārakatvena sarva-vyāpakatvāt paraṃ mahā-parimāṇam apīty arthaḥ | ataevācintya-rūpam | puruṣa-vidhatvena madhyama-parimāṇam api tasyānanya-prakāśyatvam āha āditya-varṇam ādityavat sva-para-prakāśako varṇaḥ svarūpaṃ yasya | tathā tamasaḥ prakṛteḥ parastāt vartamānaṃ māyā-śaktimantam api māyātīta-svarūpam ity arthaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ - yogād ṛte cetaso 'nanya-gāmitā duṣkareti yoga-miśrāṃ bhaktim āha kavim ity ādibhiḥ pañcabhiḥ | kaviṃ sarvajñaṃ | anuśāsitāram raghunāthādi-rūpeṇa hitopadeṣṭāram | aṇor aṇīyāṃsaṃ tena cāṇum api jīvam antaḥ praviśatīti siddham | āha caivaṃ śrutiḥ antaḥ praviṣṭaḥ śāstā janānām iti | aṇīyaso 'pi tasya vyāptim āha sarvasyeti | kṛtsnasya jagato dhātāraṃ dhārakam |

nanu katham evaṃ saṅgacchate tatrāha acintya-rūpaṃ avitarkya-svarūpaṃ ekam eva brahma puruṣa-vidhatvena madhyama-parimāṇam aṇor aṇīyāṃsam ity ukteḥ | paramāṇu-parimāṇaṃ sarvasya dhātāram ity ukteḥ | paraṃ mahā-parimāṇaṃ ceti | nātra yukter avakāśaḥ | sva-parakāśatām āha ādityeti sūryavat sva-para-prakāśakam ity arthaḥ | māyā-gandhāsparśam āha tamasa iti | tamaso māyāyāḥ parastāt sthitaṃ | māyinam api māyātītam ity arthaḥ | etādṛśaṃ puruṣaṃ yo 'nukṣaṇaṃ smaret sa taṃ paraṃ puruṣam upaiti iti pareṇānvayaḥ ||9||

BhG 8.10

śrīdharaḥ - prayāṇa-kāla iti | sa-prapañca-prakṛtiṃ bhittvā yas tiṣṭhāti | evaṃbhūtaṃ puruṣam anta-kāle bhakti-yukto niścalena vikṣepa-rahitena manasā yo 'nusmaret | mano-naiścalye hetuḥ | yoga-balena samyak suṣumṇā mārgeṇa bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśyeti | sa taṃ paraṃ puruṣaṃ paramātma-svarūpaṃ divyaṃ dyotanātmakaṃ prāpnoti ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ - kadā tad-anusmaraṇe pratrātireko 'bhyavartate tad āha prayāneti | prayāṇa-kāle 'nta-kāle 'calenaikāgreṇa manasā taṃ puruṣaṃ yo 'nusmared ity anuvartate | kīdṛśaḥ bhaktyā parameśvara-viṣayeṇa parameṇa premṇā yuktaḥ | yogasya samādher balena taj-janita-saṃskāra-samūhena vyutthāna-saṃskāra-virodhinā ca yuktaḥ | evaṃ prathamaṃ hṛdaya-puṇḍarīke vaśīkṛtya tata ūrdhva-gāminyā suṣumṇayā nāḍyā gurūpadiṣṭa-mārgeṇa bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa bhruvor madhye ājñā-cakre prāṇam āveśya sthāpayitvā samyag apramatto brahma-randhrād utkrāmya sa evam upāsakas taṃ kaviṃ purāṇam anuśāsitāram ity-ādi-lakṣaṇaṃ paraṃ

viśvanāthaḥ --- prayāṇa-kāle 'nta-kāle 'calena niścalena manasā yā satata-smaraṇa-mayī bhaktis tayā yuktaḥ | kathaṃ manaso naiścalyam | ata āha yogasya yogābhyāsasya balena | yoga-prakāraṃ darśayati bhruvor madhye ājñā-cakre ||10||

baladevaḥ -- yo jano bhaktyā paramātma-premṇā yoga-balena samādhi-janita-saṃskāra-nicayena ca yuktaḥ prayāṇa-kāle maraṇa-samaye 'calenaikāgreṇa manasā taṃ puruṣam anusmaret | yoga-prakāram āha bhruvor iti | bhruvor madhye ājñā-cakre prāṇam āveśya saṃsthāpya samyak sāvadhānaḥ san sa taṃ puruṣam upaiti ||10||

BhG 8.11

śrīdharaḥ - kevalād abhyāsa-yogād api praṇavā̆bhyāsam antaraṅgaṃ vidhitsuḥ pratijānīte-yad akṣaram iti | yad akṣaraṃ vedārthajñā vadanti | etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi sūryācandramasau vidhṛtau tiṣṭhata iti śruteḥ | vīto rāgo yebhyas te vīta-rāgāḥ | yatayaḥ prayatnavanto yad viśanti | yac ca jñātum icchanto gurukule brahmacaryaṃ caranti | tat te tubhyaṃ padaṃ padyate gamyata iti padaṃ prāpyam | saṅgraheṇa saṃkṣepeṇa pravakṣye | tat-prāpty-upāyaṃ kathayiṣyāmīty arthaḥ ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīṃ yena kenacid abhidhānena dhyāna-kāle bhagavad-anusmaraṇe prāpte-

ity ādi-śruti-pratipāditatvena praṇavenaivābhidhānena tad-anusmaraṇaṃ kartavyaṃ nānyena mantrādineti niyantum upakramate yad akṣaram iti | yad akṣaram avināśi oṅkārākhyaṃ brahma veda-vido vadanti etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam aṇv ahrasvam adīrgham ity ādi-vacanaiḥ sarva-viśeṣa-nivartanena pratipādayanti | pramāṇa-kuśalair eva pratipannaṃ kiṃ tu muktopasṛpyatayā tair apy anubhūtam ity āha-viśanti svarūpatayā samyag-darśanena yad akṣaraṃ yatayo yatna-śīlāḥ saṃnyāsino vīta-rāgā niḥspṛhāḥ | na kevalaṃ siddhair anubhūtaṃ sādhakānām api sarvo 'pi prayāsas tad-artha ity āha yad-icchanto jñātuṃ naiṣṭhikā brahmacāriṇo brahmacaryaṃ gurukula-vāsādi-tapaś caranti yāvaj-jīvaṃ tad akṣarākhyaṃ padaṃ padanīyaṃ te tubhyaṃ saṅgraheṇa saṅkṣepeṇāhaṃ pravakṣye prakarṣeṇa kathayiṣyāmi yathā tava bodho bhavati tathā | atas tad akṣaraṃ kathaṃ mayā jñeyam ity ākulo mā bhūr ity abhiprāyaḥ |

atra ca parasya brahmaṇo vācaka-rūpeṇa pratimāvat-pratīka-rūpeṇa ca yaḥ punar etaṃ trimātreṇom ity aneaivākṣareṇa paraṃ puruṣam abhidhyāyīta sa tam adhigacchati ity ādi-vacanair manda-madhyama-buddhīnāṃ krama-mukti-phalakam upāsanam uktaṃ tad evehāpi vivakṣitaṃ bhagavatā | ato yoga-dhāraṇā-sahitam oṅkāropāsanaṃ tat phalaṃ sva-svarūpaṃ tato 'punar-āvṛttis tan-mārgaś cety artha-jātam ucyate yāvad adhyāya-samāpti ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśya ity etāvan mātroktyā yogo na jñāyate, tasmāt tatra yoge prakāraḥ kaḥ, kiṃ japyaṃ, kiṃ vā dhyeyam, kiṃ vā prāpyam ity api saṅkṣepeṇa brūhīty apekṣāyām āha yad iti tribhiḥ | yad evākṣaram om ity ekākṣara-vācyaṃ brahma yatayo viśanti tat padaṃ padyate gamyata iti padaṃ prāpyam | samyaktayā gṛhayte 'neneti saṅgrahas tad-upāyas tena saha pravakṣye śṛṇu ||11||

baladevaḥ -- nanu bhruvor madhye prāṇam āveśyaitāvatā yogo nāvagamyate, tasmāt tasya prakāraṃ tatra japyaṃ prāpyaṃ brūhīty apekṣāyām āha yad akṣaram iti tribhiḥ | ekam eva brahma akṣaram om iti vācakaṃ vadanti | vīta-rāgā vinaṣṭāvidyā yatayo yad brahma tad-vācya-bhūtaṃ vijñānaika-rasaṃ viśanti prāpnuvanti | tad-ubhaya-r”paṃ brahma jñātum icchanto naiṣṭhikā gurukula-vasādi-lakṣaṇaṃ brahmacaryaṃ caranti | tat padaṃ prāpyaṃ saṅgraheṇopāyena saha pravakṣye vakṣyāmi yathānāyasena tvaṃ tad-vidyāṃ prāpnuyāḥ | samyag gṛhyate tattvam anena iti nirukteḥ

BhG 8.12-13

śrīdharaḥ - pratijñātam upāyaṃ sāṅgam āha dvābhyāṃ sarveti | sarvāṇi indriya-dvārāṇi saṃyamya pratyāhṛtya | cakṣur-ādibhiḥ bāhya-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ akurvan ity arthaḥ | manaś ca hṛdi nirudhya | bāhya-viṣaya-smaraṇam akurvan ity arthaḥ | mūrdhni bhruvor madhye prāṇam ādhāya yogasya dhāraṇāṃ sthairyam āsthitaḥ āśritavān san ||12||

om iti | om ity ekaṃ yad akṣaraṃ tad eva brahma-vācakatvād vā pratimādivad brahma-pratīkatvād vā brahma | tad-vyāharan uccārayaṃs tad-vācyaṃ ca mām anusmarann eva dehaṃ tyajan yaḥ prakarṣeṇa yāti arcirādi-mārgeṇa sa paramāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ gatiṃ mad-gatiṃ yāti prāpnoti ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ - tatra pravakṣya iti pratijñātam arthaṃ sopakaraṇam āhaa dvābhyām sarva-dvārāṇīti | sarvāṇīndriya-dvārāṇi saṃyamya sva-sva-viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya viṣaya-doṣa-darśanābhyāsāt tad-vimukhatām āpāditaiḥ śrotrādibhiḥ śabdādi-viṣaya-grahaṇam akurvan | bāheyndriya-nirodhe 'pi manasaḥ pracāraḥ syād ity ata āha mano hṛdi nirudhya ca, abhyāsa-vairāgyābhyāṃ ṣaṣṭhe vyākhyātābhyāṃ hṛdaya-deśe mano nirudhya nirvṛttikatām āpādya ca, antar api viṣaya-cintām akurvann ity arthaḥ | evaṃ bahir antar upalabdhi-dvārāṇi sarvāṇi saṃnirudhya kriyā-dvāraṃ prāṇam api sarvato nigṛhya bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa mūrdhny ādhāya bhruvor madhye tad-upari ca gurūpadiṣṭa-mārgeṇāveśyātmano yoga-dhāraṇām ātma-viṣaya-samādhi-rūpāṃ dhāraṇām āsthitaḥ | ātmana iti devatā-divya-vṛtty-artham ||12||

om ity ekam akṣaraṃ brahma-vācakatvāt pratimā-baddha-brahma-pratīkatvād vā brahma vyāharann uccaran | om iti vyāharann ity etāvataiva nirvāha ekākṣaram ity anāyāsa-kathanena stuty-artham | om iti vyāharann ekākṣaram ekam advitīyam akṣaram avināśi sarva-vyāpakaṃ brahma mām om ity asyārthaṃ smarann iti vā | tena praṇavaṃ japaṃs tad-abhidheya-bhūtaṃ ca māṃ cintayan mūrdhanyayā nāḍyā dehaṃ tyajanyaḥ prayāti sa yāti deva-yāna-mārgeṇa brahma-lokaṃ gatvā tad-bhogānte paramāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ mad-rūpām |

atra patañjalinā tīvra-saṃvegānām āsannaḥ (Ys 1.21) samādhi-lābhaḥ ity uktvā īśvara-praṇidhānād vā (1.23) ity uktam | praṇidhānaṃ ca vyākhyātaṃ tasya vācakaḥ praṇavaḥ (1.27), taj-japas tad-artha-bhāvanam (1.28) iti | samādhi-siddhir īśvara-praṇidhānāt (2.45) iti ca | iha tu sākṣād eva tataḥ parama-gati-lābha ity uktam | tasmād avirodhayom ity ekākṣaraṃ brahma vyāharan mām anusmarann ātmano yoga-dhāraṇām āsthita iti vyākhyeyam | vicitra-phalatvopapatter vā na nirodhyaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ - yoga-prakāram āha sarveti | sarvāṇi bahir jñāna-dvārāṇi śrotrādīni saṃyamya śabdādibhyo viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya doṣa-darśanābhyāsena tad-vimukhais tais tān gṛhṇan śrotrādi-saṃyame 'pi manaḥ pracared ity ata āha hṛdi sthite mayi antar-jñāna-dvāraṃ mano nirudhya niveśya manasāpi tān smaran | atha kriyā-dvāraṃ prāṇaṃ ca mūrdhnādhāyādau hṛt-padme vaśīkṛtya tasmād ūrdhva-gatayā suṣumṇayā gurūpadiṣṭa-vartmanā bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa bhruvor madhye tad-upari brahma-randhre ca saṃsthāpya ātmano mama yoga-dhāraṇām āāda-śikhaṃ mad-bhāvanam āsthitaḥ kurvan |

BhG 8.14

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ cānta-kāle dhāraṇayā mat-prāptir nityābhyāsavata eva bhavati | nānyasyeti pūrvoktam evānusmārayati ananyeti | nāsty anyasmiṃś ceto yasya | tathābhūtaḥ san | yo māṃ satataṃ nirantaraṃ nityaśaḥ pratidinaṃ smarati | tasya nitya-yuktasya samāhitasyāhaṃ sukhena labhyo 'smi nānyasya ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ - ya evaṃ vāyu-nirodha-vaidhuryeṇa prāṇam āveśya mūrdhanyayā nāḍyā dehaṃ tyaktuṃ svecchayā na śaknoti kiṃ tu karma-kṣayeṇaiva paravaśo dehaṃ tyajati tasya kiṃ syād iti tad āha ananya-cetā iti | na vidyate mad-anya-viṣaye ceto yasya so 'nanya-cetāḥ satataṃ nirantaraṃ nityaśo yāvaj-jīvaṃ yo māṃ smarati tasya sva-vaśatayā vā dehaṃ tyajato 'pi nitya-yuktasya satata-samāhita-cittasya yoginaḥ sulabhaḥ sukhena labhyo 'haṃ parameśvara itareṣām atidurlabho 'pi he pārtha tavāham atisulabho mā bhaiṣīr ity abhiprāyaḥ |

atra tasyeti ṣaṣṭh.-śeṣe sambandha-sāmānye | kartari na lokety ādinā niṣedhāt | atra cānanya-cetastvena sat-kāro 'tyādaram | satatam iti nairantaryaṃ nityaśa iti dīrgha-kālatvaṃ smaraṇasyoktam | tena sa tu dīrgha-kāla-nairantarya-satkārāsevito dṛḍha-bhūmiḥ (Ys 1.14) iti pātañjalaṃ matam anusṛtaṃ bhavati | tatra sa ity abhyāsa ukto 'pi smaraṇa-paryavasāyī | tena yāvaj-jīvaṃ pratikṣaṇaṃ vikṣepāntara-śūnyatayā bhagavad-anucintanam eva parama-gati-hetur mūrdhanyayā nāḍyā tu svecchayā prāṇotkramaṇaṃ bhavatu na veti nātīvāgrahaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tad evam ārtaḥ ity ādinā karma-miśrām, jaarā-maraṇa-mokṣāya ity anenāpi karma-miśrām, kaviṃ purāṇaṃ ity ādibhir yoga-miśrāṃ ca saparikarāṃ pradhānībhūtāṃ bhaktim uktvā sarva-śreṣṭhāṃ nirguṇāṃ kevalāṃ bhaktim āha-ananya-cetā iti | na vidyate 'nyasmin karmaṇi jñāna-yoge vānuṣṭheyatvena | tathā devatāntare vārādhyatvena | tathā svargāpargādāv api prāpyatvena ceto yasya | satataṃ sadeti kāla-deśa-pātra-śuddhy-ādy-anapekṣatayaiva nityaśaḥ pratidinam eva yo māṃ smarati, yasya tena bhaktenāhaṃ sulabhaḥ sukhena labhyaḥ | yoga-jñānābhyāsādi-duḥkha-miśraṇābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | nitya-yuktasya nitya-mad-yogākāṅkṣiṇa āśaṃsāyāṃ bhūtavac ceti bhāviny api yoga āśāṃsite kta-pratyayaḥ | yogino bhakti-yogavataḥ | yad vā yoga-sambandho dāsya-sakhyādis tadvataḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ mokṣa-mātra-kāṅkṣiṇāṃ yoga-miśrāṃ bhaktim upadiśya sva-jñānināṃ svam evākāṅkṣatām eka-bhaktir ity uktāṃ śuddhāṃ bhaktiṃ upadiśati ananyeti | yo jano 'nanya-cetā na matto 'nyasmin karma-yogādike sādhane svarga-mokṣādike sādhye vā ceto yasya sa mad-ekābhilāṣavān satataṃ sarvadā deśa-kālādi-viśuddhi-nairapekṣeṇa nityaśaḥ pratyahaṃ māṃ yaśodā-stanandhayaṃ nṛsiṃha-raghunāthādi-rūpeṇa bahudhāvirbhūtaṃ sarveśvaram atimātra-priyaṃ smaraty arcana-japādiṣv anusandhatte tasyāhaṃ tat-prītijñaḥ sulabhaḥ sukhena labhyaḥ karmānuṣṭhāna-yogābhyāsādi-duḥkha-samparkābhāvāt | tasyeti sambandha-sāmānye ṣaṣṭhī, na lokāvyaya ity ādinā kartari tasyāḥ pratiṣedhāt | tādṛśasya tasya viyogam asahiṣṇur aham eva tam ātmānaṃ darśayāmi tat-sādhana-paripākaṃ tat-pratikūla-nirāsaṃ ca kurvan | śrutiś caivam āha - yam evaiṣa vṛnute tena labhyas tasyaiṣa ātmā viviṛṇute tanūṃ svām iti | svayaṃ ca vakṣyati - dadāmi buddhi-yogaṃ taṃ yena mām upayānti te ity ādinā | kīdṛśasyety āha nityeti | sarvadā mad-yogaṃ vāñchataḥ āśaṃsāyāṃ bhūtavac ca iti sūtrād āśāṃsite yoge bhaviṣyaty api kta-pratyayaḥ | yogino mad-dāsya-sakhyādi-sambandhavataḥ ||14||

BhG 8.15

śrīdharaḥ - yady evaṃ tvaṃ sulabho 'si tataḥ kiṃ ? ata āha mām iti | ukta-lakṣaṇā mahātmāno mad-bhaktā māṃ prāpya punar duḥkhāśrayam antiyaṃ ca janma na prāpnuvanti | yatas te paramāṃ samyak siddhiṃ mokṣam eva prāptāḥ | punar janmano duḥkhānāṃ cālayaṃ sthānaṃ te mām upetya na prāpnuvantīti vā ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ - bhagavantaṃ prāptāḥ punar āvartante na veti sandehe nāvartanta ity āha mām iti | mām īśvaraṃ prāpya punar janma manuṣyādi-deha-sambandhaṃ kīdṛśaṃ duḥkhālayaṃ garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-nirgamanādy-aneka-duḥkha-sthānam | aśāśvatam asthiraṃ dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāyaṃ nāpnuvanti punar nāvartanta ity arthaḥ | yato mahātmnāno rajas-tamo-mala-rahitāntaḥ-karaṇā śuddha-sattvāḥ samutpanna-samyag-darśanā mal-loka-bhogānte paramāṃ sarvotkṛṣṭāṃ saṃsiddhiṃ muktiṃ gatās te | atra māṃ prāpya siddhiṃ gatā iti vadatopāsakānāṃ

viśvanāthaḥ --- tvāṃ prāptavatas tasya kiṃ syād ity āha mām iti | duḥkhālayaṃ duḥkha-pūrṇam | aśāśvatam anityaṃ ca janma nāpnuvanti kintu sukha-pūrṇaṃ janma maj-janma-tulyaṃ prāpnuvanti | śāśvatas tu dhruvo nityaḥ sadānanaḥ sanātanaḥ ity amaraḥ | yadā vasudeva-gṛhe sukha-pūrṇaṃ nitya-bhūtam aprākṛtaṃ maj-janma bhavet tad eva teṣāṃ mad-bhaktānām api man-nitya-saṅgināṃ janma syān nānyadā iti bhāvaḥ | paramām iti anye bhaktāḥ saṃsiddhiṃ prāpnuvanti ananya-cetasas tu paramāṃ saṃsiddhiṃ mal-līlā-parikaratām ity arthaḥ |

baladevaḥ -- tāṃ labdhavataḥ kiṃ phalaṃ syād ity apekṣāyām āha mām iti | mām ukta-lakṣaṇam upetya prāpya punaḥ prapañce janma nāpnuvanti nāvartanta ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśaṃ janmety āha duḥkhālayaṃ garbha-vāsādi-bahu-kleśa-pūrṇam | aśāśvatam anityaṃ dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāyam śāśvatas tu dhruvo nityaḥ ity amaraḥ | yatas te paramāṃ sarvotkṛṣṭāṃ saṃsiddhiṃ gatiṃ mām eva gatā labdhavantaḥ avyakto 'kṣara ity uktas tam āhuḥ paramāṃ gatim iti vakṣyati | kīdṛśās te mahātmāno 'tyudāra-mnanasaḥ vijñānānanda-nidhiṃ bhakta-prasādābhimukhaṃ bhaktāyatta-sarvasvaṃ māṃ vinānyat sārṣṭyādikam agaṇayanto made-eka-jīvātavo bhavanty atas te mām eva saṃsiddhiṃ gatāḥ | atrānanya-cetaso 'sya svaikāntinaḥ sva-niṣṭhebhyaḥ sva-bhaktebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ ucyate ||15||

BhG 8.16

śrīdharaḥ - sarva eva jīvā mahā-sukṛtino 'pi jāyante | mad-bhaktās tu tadvan na jāyanta ity āha ā-brahmeti | brahmaṇo bhuvanaṃ satya-lokaḥ tam abhivyāpya ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ - bhagavantam upāgatānāṃ samyag-darśinām apunar-āvṛttau kathitāyāṃ tato vimukhānām asamyag-darśināṃ punar-āvṛttir artha-siddhety āha ābrahmeti | ābrahma-bhuvanāt bhavanty atra bhūtānīti bhuvanaṃ lokaḥ | abhividhāv ā-kāraḥ | brahma-lokena saha sarve 'pi lokā mad-vimukhānām asamyag-darśināṃ bhoga-bhūtayaḥ punar-āvartinaḥ punar-āvartana-śīlāḥ | brahma-bhavanād iti pāṭhe bhavanaṃ vāsa-sthānam iti sa evārthaḥ | he 'rjuna svataḥ-prasiddha-mahā-puruṣa |

kiṃ tadvad eva tvāṃ prāptānām api punar āvṛttir nety āha mām īśvaram ekam upetya tu | tur lokāntara-vailakṣaṇya-dyotanārtho 'vadhāraṇārtho vā | mām eva prāpya nirvṛttānāṃ he kaunteya mātṛto 'pi prasiddha-mahānubhāva punar-janma na vidyate punar-āvṛttir nāstīty arthaḥ | atrārjuna kaunteyeti sambodhana-dvayena svarūpataḥ kāraṇataś ca śuddhir jñāna-saṃpattaye sūcitā |

atreyaṃ vyavasthā | ye krama-mukti-phalābhirupāsanābhir brahma-lokaṃ prāptās teṣām eva tatrotpanna-samyag-darśanānāṃ brahmaṇā saha mokṣaḥ | ye tu pañcāgni-vidyādibhir atat-kratavo 'pi tatra gatās teṣām avaśyambhāvi punar-janma | ataeva krama-mukty-abhiprāyeṇa brahma-lokam abhisampadyate na ca punar āvartate, anāvṛttiḥ śabdāt iti śruti-sūtrayor upapattiḥ | itaratra teṣām iha na punar āvṛttiḥ imaṃ mānavam āvartaṃ nāvartante itīhemam iti ca viśeṣaṇād gamanādhikaraṇa-kalpād anyatra punar āvṛttiḥ pratīyate ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ --- sarva eva jīvā mahā-sukṛtino 'pi jāyante mad-bhaktās tu tavan na jāyanta ity āha ābrahmeti | brahmaṇo bhuvanaṃ satya-lokas tam abhivyāpya ||16||

baladevaḥ - mad-vimukhās tu karma-viśeṣaiḥ svargādi-lokān prāptā api tebhyaḥ patantīty āha ābrahmeti | abhividhāvākāraḥ brahma bhuvanaṃ vyāpyety arthaḥ | brahma-lokena saha sarve svargādayo lokās tat-tad-vartino jīvās tat-tat-karma-kṣaye sati punar āvartino bhūmau punar janma labhante | mām upetyeti punaḥ kathanaṃ dṛḍhīkaraṇārtham | atredaṃ bodhyaṃ pañcāgni-vidyayā mahāhava-maraṇādinā ye brahma-lokaṃ gatās teṣāṃ bhogānte pātaḥ syāt | ye tu sa-niṣṭhāḥ pareśa-bhaktāḥ svargādi-lokān krameṇānubhavantas tatra gatās teṣāṃ tu na tasmāt pātaḥ | kintu tal-loka-vināśe tat-patinā saha pareśa-loka-prāptir eva -

brahmaṇā saha te sarve samprāpte pratisañcare | parasyānte kṛtātmānaḥ praviśanti paraṃ padam || iti smaraṇād iti ||16||

BhG 8.17

śrīdharaḥ - nanu ca tapasvino dāna-śīlā vīta-rāgās titikṣavaḥ | trailokya-sopari-sthānaṃ labhante loka-varjitam | ity ādi purāṇa-vākyais trailokyasya sakāśān maharlokādīnām utkṛṣṭatvaṃ gamyate | vināśitve ca sarveṣām avaśiṣṭe katham asau viśeṣaḥ syād ity āśaṅkya bahv-alpa-kāla-sthāyitva-nimitto 'sau viśeṣa ity āśayena sva-mānena śata-varṣāyuṣo brahmaṇo 'hany ahani trilokya utpattiḥ niśi niśi ca pralayo bhavatīti darśayiṣyan brahmaṇo 'horātrayoḥ pramāṇam āha sahasreti |

sahasraṃ yugāni paryanto 'vasānaṃ ysya tad brahmaṇo yad ahas tad ye viduḥ yuga-sahasram anto yasyās tāṃ rātriṃ ca yoga-balena ye vidus ta eva sarvajñā janā aho-rātra-vidaḥ | yeṣāṃ tu kevalaṃ candrāditya-gatyaiva jñānaṃ te tathāhorātra-vido na bhavanti | alpa-darśitvāt | yuga-śabdena atra caturyugam abhipretaṃ caturyuga-sahasraṃ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate iti viṣṇu-purāṇokteḥ | brahmaṇa iti ca mahar-lokādi-vāsinām upalakṣaṇārtham | tatrāyaṃ kāla-gaṇanā-prakāraḥ | manuṣyāṇāṃ yad varṣaṃ tad devānām aho-rātram | tādṛśair aho-rātraiḥ pakṣa-māsādi-kalpanayā dvādaśabhir varṣa-sahasraiś catur-yugaṃ bhavati | catur-yuga-sahasraṃ tu brahmaṇo dinam | tāvat parimāṇaiva rātris tādṛśair aho-rātraiḥ pakṣa-māsādi-krameṇa varṣa-śataṃa brahmaṇaḥ paramāyur iti ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ - brahma-loka-sahitāḥ sarve lokāḥ punar āvartinaḥ | kasmāt ? kāla-paricchinnatvād ity āha sahasreti | manuṣya-parimāṇena sahasra-yuga-paryantaṃ sahasraṃ yugāni catur-yugāni paryanto 'vasānaṃ yasya tat | caturyuga-sahasraṃ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate iti hi paurāṇikaṃ vacanam | tādṛśaṃ brahmaṇaḥ prajāpater ahar-dinaṃ yad ye viduḥ tathā rātriṃ yuga-sahasrāntāṃ caturyuga-sahasra-paryantāṃ ye vidur ity anuvartate te 'horātra-vidas ta evāho-rātra-vido yogino janāḥ | ye tu candrārka-gatyaiva vidus te nāhorātra-vidaḥ svalpa-darśitvād ity abhiprāyaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu amṛtaṃ kṣemam abhayaṃ trimūrdhno 'dhāyi mūrdhasu (BhP 2.6.19) iti dvitīya-skandhoktyā keṣāṃcin mate brahma-lokasya abhayatva-śravaṇāt | sannyāsibhir api jagamiṣitatvāt tatratyānāṃ pāto na sambhāvyate ? maivaṃ | tal-loka-svāmino brahmaṇo 'pi pātaḥ syāt kim utānyeṣām iti vyañjayann āha sahasra iti | sahasraṃ yugāni paryanto 'vasānaṃ yasya tad brahmaṇo 'har dinaṃ yad ye śāstrābhijñā vidur jānanti te 'ho-rātra-vido janā rātrim api tasya yuga-sahasrāntāṃ viduḥ | tena tādṛśāho-rātraiḥ pakṣam āsādi-krameṇa varṣa-śataṃ brahmaṇaḥ paramāyur iti | etad-ante tasyāpi pāto na kasyacid vaiṣṇavasya

baladevaḥ - svargādayaḥ satyāntāḥ sarve lokāḥ kāla-paricchinnatvād vinaśyantīti bhāvenāha sahasreti | yad ye brahmaṇaś caturmukhasyāhar dinaṃ nṛ-māṇena sahasra-yuga-paryantaṃ viduḥ catur-yuga-sahasraṃ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate iti smṛteḥ | sahasraṃ caturyugāni paryanto 'vasānaṃ yasya tat | tasya rātriṃ ca caturyuga-sahasrāntāṃ vidus ta eva yogino janā aho-rātra-vido bhavanti | na tv anye candrārka-gati-vido mahar-lokādi-sthitānām upalakṣaṇam etat | ayam arthaḥ nṝṇāṃ varṣaṃ devānām aho-rātraṃ tādṛśair aho-rātraiḥ pakṣam āsādi-gaṇanayā dvādaśabhri varṣa-sahasraiś catur-yugaṃ catur-yugānāṃ sahasraṃ tu brahmaṇo dinaṃ rātriś ca tāvaty eva tādṛśaiś cāho-rātraiḥ pakṣādi-gaṇanayā varṣa-śataṃ tasya paramāyur iti | tad-ante tal-lokasya tad-vartināṃ ca vināśād āvṛttiḥ siddheti ||17||

BhG 8.18

śrīdharaḥ - tatra kim ? ata āha avyaktād iti | kāryasyāvyaktaṃ rūpaṃ kāraṇātmakam | tasmād avyaktāt kāraṇa-rūpād vyajyanta iti vyaktayaś carācarāṇi bhūtāni prādurbhavanti | kadā ? ahar-āgame brahmaṇo dinasyopakrame | tathā rātrer āgame brahma-śayane | tasminn evāvyakta-saṃjñake kāraṇa-rūpe pralayaṃ yānti | yad vā te 'horātra-vida ity etan na vidhīyante | kintu te prasiddhā ahorātra-vido janā brahmaṇo yad ahar vidus tasyāhna āgame 'vyaktād vyaktayaḥ prabhavanti | yāṃ ca rātriṃ vidus tasyā rātrer āgame pralīyante iti dvayor anvayaḥ ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ - yathoktair aho-rātraiḥ pakṣam āsādi-gaṇanayā pūrṇaṃ varṣa-śataṃ prajāpateḥ paramāyur iti kāla-paricchinnatvenānityo 'sau | tena tal-lokāt punar-āvṛtti-yuktaiva | ye tu tato 'rvācīnās teṣāṃ tad ahar-mātra-paricchinnatvāt tat-tal-lokebhyaḥ punar-āvṛttir iti kim u vaktavyam ity āha avyaktād iti | atra dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayor eva vaktum upakrāntatvāt tatra cākāśādīnāṃ sattvād avyakta-śabdenākhyākṛtāvasthā nocyate | kintu prajāpateḥ svāpāvasthaiva | svāpāvasthaḥ prajāpatir iti yāvat | ahar-āgame prajāpateḥ prabodha-samaye 'vyaktāt tat-svāpāvasthā-rūpād vyaktayaḥ śarīra-viṣayādi-rūpā bhoga-bhūtayaḥ prabhavanti vyavahāra-kṣamatayā 'bhivyajyante | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-kāle pūrvoktāḥ sarvā api vyaktayaḥ pralīyante tiro-bhavanti yata āvirbhūtās tatraivāvyakta-saṃjñake kāraṇe prāg-ukte svāpāvasthe prajāpatau ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ --- ye tu tato 'rvācīnās triloka-sthās teṣāṃ tu tasyāhany ahany api pāta ity āha avyaktād iti | atra dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayayor ākāśādīnāṃ sattvād avyakta-śabdena svāpāvasthaḥ prajāpatir evocyate iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ | tataś ca avyaktāt svāpāvasthāt prajāpateḥ sakāśād vyaktayaḥ śarīra-viṣayādi-rūpā bhoga-bhūmayo bhavanti vyavahāra-kṣamāḥ syuḥ | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-kāle pralīyante tasminn eva tirobhavanti ||18||

baladevaḥ -- ye tu tasmād arvācīnās trilokī-vartinas teṣāṃ brahmaṇo dine pātaḥ syād ity āha avyaktād iti | ahar-āgame brahmaṇo jāgara-samaye avyaktāt svāpāvasthāt tasmāt sarvā śarīrendriya-bhogya-bhoga-sthāna-rūpā vyaktayaḥ prabhavanty utpadyante | rātry-āgame tasya svāpa-samaye tatraiva brahmaṇy avyakta-saṃjñake svāpāvasthe kāraṇe tāḥ pralīyante tirobhavanti | atrāvyakta-śabdena pradhānaṃ nābhidheyaṃ dainandina-sṛṣṭi-pralayayor upakramāt | tadā viyad-ādīnāṃ sthitatvāc ca | kintu svāpāvastho brahmaiva tasyārthaḥ ||18||

BhG 8.19

śrīdharaḥ - atra ca kṛta-nāśākṛtābhyāgama-śaṅkāṃ vārayan vairāgyārthaṃ sṛṣṭi-praylaya-pravāhasyāvicchedaṃ darśayati bhūta-grāma iti | bhūtānāṃ carācara-prāṇinām | grāmaḥ samūhaḥ | yaḥ prāg āsīt sa evāyam ahar-āgame bhūtvā bhūtvā rātrer āgame pralīyante pralīya pralīya punar apy ahar-āgame 'vaśaḥ karmādi-paratantraḥ san prabhavati nānya ity arthaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ - evam āśu-vināśitve 'pi saṃsāra-stha na nivṛttiḥ kleśa-karmādibhir avaśatayā punaḥ punaḥ prādurbhāvāt prādurbhūtasya ca punaḥ kleśādi-vaśenaiva tirobhāvāt | saṃsāre viparivartamānānāṃ sarveṣām api prāṇinām asvātantryād avaśānām eva janma-maraṇādi-duḥkha-prabandha-sambandhād alam anena saṃsāreṇeti-vairāgyotpatty-arthaṃ samāna-nāma-rūpatvena ca punaḥ punaḥ prādurbhāvāt kṛta-nāśākṛtābhyāgama-parihārārthaṃ cāha bhūta-grāma iti | bhūta-grāmo bhūta-samudāyaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgama-lakṣaṇo yaḥ pūrvasmin kalpe sthitaḥ sa evāyam etasmin kalpe jāyamāno 'pi na tu pratikalpam anyo 'nyac ca | asat-kārya-vādānabhyupagamāt |

sūryā-candramasau dhātā yathā-pūrvam akalpayat | divaṃ ca pṛthivīṃ cāntarikṣam atho suvaḥ || iti śruteḥ | (MahānārāyaṇaU 1.65)

samāna-nāma-rūpatvād āvṛttāv apy avirodhau darśanāt smṛteś ca (Vs 1.3.30) iti nyāyāc ca | avaśa ity avidyā-kāma-karmādi-paratantraḥ | he pārtha spaṣṭam itarat ||19||

baladevaḥ - ye pralīnās te punar na bhaviṣyantīti kṛta-hānyākṛtābhyāgama-śaṅkā syāt tāṃ nirasyann āha bhūteti | bhūta-grāmaḥ sthira-cara-prāṇi-samūho 'vaśaḥ karmādhīnaḥ san tathā cedṛśa-janma-mṛtyu-pravāha-saṅkule prapañce 'smin vivekināṃ vairāgyaṃ yuktam ity uktam ||19||

BhG 8.20

śrīdharaḥ - lokānām anityatvaṃ prapañcya parameśvara-svarūpasya nityatvaṃ prapañcayati - para iti dvābhyām | tasmāc carācara-kāraṇa-bhūtād avyaktāt paras tasyāpi kāraṇa-bhūto yo 'nyas tad-vilakṣaṇo 'vyaktaś cakṣur-ādy-agocaro bhāvaḥ sanātano 'nādiḥ | sa tu sarveṣu kārya-kāraṇa-lakṣaṇeṣu bhūteṣu naśyatv api na vinaśyati ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ - eam avaśānām utpatti-vināśa-pradarśanenābrahma-bhuvanāl lokāḥ punar āvartina ity etad vyākhyātam adhunā mām upetya punar janma na vidyata ity etad vyācaṣṭe dvābhyāṃ paras tasmād iti | tasmāc carācara-sthūla-prapañca-kāraṇa-bhūtād dhiraṇyagarbhākhyād avyaktāt paro vyatiriktaḥ śreṣṭho vā tasyāpi kāraṇa-bhūtaḥ | vyatireke 'pi sālakṣaṇyaṃ syād iti nety āha-anyo 'tyanta-vilakṣaṇaḥ na tasya pratimā asti iti śruteḥ | avyakto rūpādi-hīnatayā cakṣur-ādy-agocaro bhāvaḥ kalpiteṣu sarveṣu kāryeṣu sad-rūpeṇānugataḥ | ataeva sanātano nityaḥ | tu-śabdo heyād anityād avyaktād upādeyatvaṃ ntiyasyāvyaktasya vailakṣaṇyaṃ sūcayati | etādṛśo yo bhāvaḥ sa hiraṇyagarbha iva sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsv api na vinaśyati utpadyamāneṣv api notpadyata ity arthaḥ | hiraṇyagarbhasya tu kāryasya bhūtābhimānitvāt tad-utpatti-vināśābhyāṃ yuktāv evotpatti-vināśau na tu tad-anabhimānino 'kāryasya parameśvarasyeti bhāvaḥ ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tasmād ukta-lakṣaṇād avyaktāt prajāpater hiraṇyagarbhāt sakāśāt paraḥ śreṣṭaḥ | hiraṇyagarbhasyāpi kāraṇabhūto yo 'nyaḥ khalv avyakto bhāvaḥ sanātano 'nādiḥ ||20||

baladevaḥ - tad evaṃ karma-tantrāṇāṃ janma-vināśa-darśanena ābrahma-bhuvanāt ity etad vivṛtam | atha mām upetyaitad vivṛṇoti paras tasmād iti | tasmād utka-rūpād avyaktād brahmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhād anyo yo bhāvaḥ padārthaḥ paraḥ śreṣṭhas tato 'tyanta-vilakṣaṇas tasyopāsya ity arthaḥ | ativailakṣaṇyam āha avyakta iti | ātam-vigrahatvāt pratyak ity arthaḥ | prasāditas tu pratyakṣo 'pi bhavatīty uktaṃ prāk | sanātano 'nādiḥ | sa khalu hiraṇyagarbha-paryanteṣu sarveṣu bhūteṣu na vinaśyati ||20||

BhG 8.21

śrīdharaḥ - avināśe pramāṇaṃ darśayann āha avyakta iti | yo bhāvo 'vyakto 'tīndriyaḥ | akṣaraḥ praveśa-nāśa-śūnya iti | tathākṣarāt saṃbhavatīha viśvaṃ ity ādi-śrutiṣv akṣara ity uktaḥ | taṃ paramāṃ gatiṃ gamyaṃ puruṣārtham āhuḥ | puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ ity-ādi-śrutayaḥ | parama-gatitvam evāha yaṃ prāpya na nivartanta iti | tac ca mamaiva dhāma svarūpam | mamety upacāre ṣaṣṭhī | rāhoḥ śira itivat | ato 'ham eva paramā gatir ity arthaḥ ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ - yo bhāva ihāvyakta ity akṣara iti cokto 'nyatrāpi śrutiṣu smṛtiṣu ca taṃ bhāvam āhuḥ śrutayaḥ smṛtayaś ca puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā paramā gatiḥ ity ādyāḥ | paramām utpatti-vināśa-śūnya-sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-rūpāṃ gatiṃ puruṣārtha-viśrāntim | yaṃ bhāvaṃ prāpya na punar nivartante saṃsārāya tad-dhāma svarūpaṃ mama viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ sarvotkṛṣṭam | mama dhāmeti rāhoḥ śira itivad bheda-kalpanayā ṣaṣṭhī | ato 'ham eva paramā gatir ity arthaḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ --- pūrvokta-ślokoktam avyakta-śabdaṃ vyācaṣṭe avyakta iti | na kṣaratīty akṣaro nārāyaṇaḥ eko nārāyaṇa āsīn na brahmā na ca śaṅkaraḥ iti śruteḥ | mama paramaṃ dhāma nityaṃ svarūpam | yad vā akṣaraḥ paraṃ dhāma brahmaiva mad-dhāma mat-tejo-rūpam ||21||

baladevaḥ -- yo bhāvo mayehāvyakta ity akṣara iti cocyate taṃ vedāntāḥ paramāṃ gatim āhuḥ puruṣān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā paramā gatiḥ ity ādau | yaṃ bhāvaṃ prāpyopetya janāḥ punar na nivartante janma nāpnuvanti sa bhāvo 'ham evety āha tad iti | tan mamaiva dhāma svarūpaṃ paramaṃ śrīmat ṣaṣṭhīyaṃ caitanyam ātmanaḥ svarūpam itivad avagantavyā ||21||

BhG 8.22

śrīdharaḥ - tat-prāptau ca bhaktir antaraṅgopāya ity uktam evety āha puruṣa iti | sa cāhaṃ paraḥ puruṣo 'nanyayā | na vidyate 'nyaḥ śaraṇatvena yasyāṃ tayaikānta-bhaktyaiva labhyaḥ | nānyathā | paratvam evāha yasya kāraṇa-bhūtasyāntar-madhye bhūtāni sthitāni | yena ca kāraṇa-bhūtenedaṃ sarvaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptam ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīm ananya-cetāḥ satataṃ yo māṃ smarati nityaśaḥ tasyāhaṃ sulabhaḥ iti prāg uktaṃ bhakti-yogam eva tat-prāpty-upāyam āha puruṣa sa iti | sa paro niratiśayaḥ puruṣaḥ paramātmāham evānanyayā na vidyate 'nyho viṣayo yasyāṃ tayā prema-lakṣaṇayā bhaktyaiva labhyo nānyathā |sa ka ity apekṣāyām āha yasya purusasyāntaḥ-sthāny antarvartīni bhūtāni sarvāṇi kāryāṇi kāraṇāntarvartitvāt kāryasya | ataeva yena puruṣeṇa sarvam idaṃ kārya-jātaṃ tataṃ vyāptam -

viśvanāthaḥ --- sa ca mad-aṃśaḥ paramaḥ puruṣaḥ | na vidyate 'nyat karma-yoga-kāmanādikaṃ yasyāṃ tayaiva | ataeva pūrvaṃ mayoktaṃ ananya-cetāḥ satatam iti bhāvaḥ ||22||

baladevaḥ -- at-prāptau bhakteḥ sūpāyatvam āha puruṣaḥ sa iti | sa mal-lakṣaṇaḥ puruṣo 'nanyayā tad-ekāntayā ananya-cetāḥ satatam iti pūrvoditayā bhaktyaiva labhyo labdhuṃ śakyo yoga-bhaktyā tu duḥśakyā tat-prāptir ity arthaḥ | tal-lakṣaṇam āha yasyeti | sarvam idaṃ jagat yena tataṃ vyāptam | śrutiś caivam āha-

eko vaśī sarvagaḥ kṛṣṇa īḍya eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti | vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhaty ekas tenedaṃ pūrṇaṃ puruṣeṇa sarvam || ity ādyā ||22||

BhG 8.23

śrīdharaḥ - tad evaṃ paramśvaropāsakās tat-padaṃ prāpya na nivartante | anye tv āvartanta ity uktam | tatra kena mārgeṇa gatā nāvartante | kena vā gatāś cāvartante | ity apekṣāyām āha yatreti | yatra yasmin kāle prayātā yogino 'nāvṛttiṃ yānti yasmiṃś ca kāle prayātā āvṛttiṃ yānti taṃ kālaṃ vakṣyāmīty anvayaḥ | atra ca raśmy-anusārī ataś cāyane 'pi dakṣiṇe iti sūcita-nyāyenottarāyaādi-kāla-viśeṣa-maraṇaṃ ca tv avivakṣitatvāt kāla-śabdena kālābhimāninībhir ātivāhikībhir devatābhiḥ prāpyo mārga upalakṣyate | ato 'yam arthaḥ yasmin kālābhimāni-devatopalakṣite mārge prayātā yogina upāsakāḥ karmiṇaś ca yathākramam anāvṛttim āvṛttiṃ ca yānti | taṃ kālābhimāni-devatopalakṣitaṃ mārgaṃ kathayiṣyāmīti | agni-jyotiṣoḥ kālābhimānitvābhāve 'pi bhūyasām aharādi-śabdoktānāṃ kālābhimānitvāt tat-sāhacaryād āmra-vanam ity ādivat kāla-śabdenopalakṣaṇam aviruddham ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ - saguṇa-brahmopāsakās tat-padaṃ prāpya na nivartante kintu krameṇa mucyante | tatra tal-loka-bhogāt prāg-anutpanna-samyag-darśanānāṃ tesāṃ mārgāpekṣā vidyate na tu samyag-darśinām iva tad-anapekṣety upāsakānāṃ tal-loka-prāptaye deva-yāna-mārga upadiśyate | pitṛ-yāna-mārgopanyāsas tu tasya stutaye yatreti |

prāṇotkramaṇānantaraṃ yatra yasmin kāle kālābhimāni-devatopalakṣite mārge prayātā yogino dhyāyinaḥ karmiṇaś cānāvṛttim āvṛttiṃ ca yānti | deva-yāne pathi prayātāś ca karmiṇa āvṛttiṃ yānti | yadyapi deva-yāne 'pi pathi prayātāḥ punar āvartante ity uktaṃ ābrahma-bhuvanā lokāḥ punar āvartinaḥ ity atra, tathāpi pitṛ-yāne pathi gatā āvartanta eva na ke 'pi tatra krama-mukti-bhājaḥ | deva-yāne pathi gatās tu yadyapi kecid āvartante pratīkopāsakās taḍil-loka-paryantaṃ gatā hiraṇyagarbha-paryantam amānava-puruṣa-nītā api pañcāgni-vidyādy-upāsakā atat-kratavo bhogānte nivartanta eva tathāpi daharādy-upāsakāḥ krameṇa mucyante | bhogānta iti na sarva evāvartante | ataeva pitṛ-yānaḥ panthā niyamenāvṛtti-phalatvān nikṛṣṭaḥ | ayaṃ tu deva-yānaḥ panthā anāvṛtti-phalatvād atipraśasta iti stutir upapadyate keṣāṃcid āvṛttāv apy anāvṛtti-phalatvasyānapāyāt |

taṃ deva-yānaṃ pitṛ-yānaṃ ca kālaṃ kālābhimāni-devatopalakṣitaṃ mārgaṃ vakṣyāmi | he bharatarṣabha ! atra kāla-śabdasya mukhyārthatve 'gnir-jyotir-dhūma-śabdānām upapattir gati-sṛti-śabdayoś ceti tad-anurodhenaikasmin kāla-pada eva lakṣaṇāśritā kālābhimāni-devatānāṃ mārga-dvaye 'pi bāhulyāt | agni-dhūmayos tad-itarayoḥ sator api agnihotra-śabdavad eka-deśenāpy upalakṣaṇaṃ kāla-śabdena | anyathā prātar agni-devatāyā abhāvāt tat-prakhyaṃ cānya-śāstram (ṃī.da 1.4.4) ity anena tasya nāma-dheyatayā na syāt | āmra-vanam iti ca laukiko dṛṣṭāntaḥ | viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu yaṃ prāpya na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṃ mama iti tva-uktyā tvad-bhaktās tvāṃ prāptā na punar āvartanta ity uktam | na tatra tva-prāntau kaścin mārga-niyama ity uktaḥ |tvad-bhaktānāṃ ca guṇātītatvāt tan-mārgo 'pi guṇātīta eva avasīyate, na tu sāttviko 'rcir-ādiḥ | yas tu mārgo yogino jñāninaḥ karmiṇaś cāsti tam ahaṃ jijñāse ity apekṣāyām āha yatreti | prāṇotkramaṇānantaraṃ tatra kālopalakṣite mārge prayātā anāvṛttim āvṛttiṃ ca yānti taṃ kālaṃ mārgaṃ vakṣya ity anvayaḥ ||23||

baladevaḥ -- sva-bhaktānām āvṛttiḥ sva-vimukhānāṃ tv āvṛttir uktā | sā sā ca kena pathā gatānāṃ bhaved ity apekṣāyām āha yatreti | yogino bhaktāḥ kāmya-karmiṇaś ca | atra kāla-śabdena kālābhimānino devatoktāḥ | agni-dhūmayoḥ kālatvābhāvāt kāla-śabdenoktis tu bhūyasā mahad-ādi-śabdānāṃ rātry-ādi-śabdānāṃ ca kāla-vācitvāt tathā cārcir-ādibhir dhūmādibhiś ca devaiḥ pālitaḥ panthāḥ kāla-śabdenokto bodhyaḥ ||23||

BhG 8.24

śrīdharaḥ - tatrānavṛtti-mārgam āha agnir iti | agni-jyotiḥ-śabdābhyāṃ te 'rcir abhisambhavanti iti śruty-uktārcir-abhimāninī devatopalakṣyate | ahar iti divasābhimāninī | śukla iti śukla-pakṣābhimāninī | uttarāyaṇa-rūpāḥ ṣaṇ-māsā ity uttarāyaṇābhimāninī | etac cānyāsām api śruty-uktānāṃ saṃvatsara devalokādi-devatānam upalakṣaṇārtham | evaṃ bhūto yo mārgas tatra prayātā gatā bhagavad-upāsakā janā brahma prāpnuvanti | yatas te brahma-vidaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - te 'rciṣam abhi sambhavanti arciṣo 'rahna āpūryamāṇa-pakṣam āpūryamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaṇ-māsānudaṅṅāditya eti māsebhyo deva-lokam iti | na hi sadyo-mukti-bhājāṃ

madhusūdanaḥ - tatropāsakānāṃ deva-yānaṃ panthānam āha agnir iti | agnir-jyotir ity arcir abhimāninī devatā lakṣyate | ahar ity ahar-abhimāninī śukla-pakṣa iti śukla-pakṣābhimāninī ṣaṇ-māsā uttarāyaṇam iti uttarāyaṇa-rūpa-ṣaṇmāsābhimāninī devataiva lakṣyate ātivāhikās tal-liṅgāt (MD 4.3.4) iti nyāyāt | etac cānyāsām api śruty-uktānāṃ devatānam upalakṣaṇārtham | tathā ca śrutiḥ - te 'rciṣam abhi sambhavanti arciṣo 'rahna āpūryamāṇa-pakṣam āpūryamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaḍ-uṅṅeti māsāṃs tān māsebhyaḥ saṃvatsaraṃ saṃvatsarād ādityam ādityāc candramasaṃ candramaso vidyutaṃ tat-puruṣo 'mānavaḥ sa enān brahma gamayaty eṣa deva-patho brahma-patha etena pratipadyamānā imaṃ mānavam āvartaṃ nāvartante iti |

atra śruty-antarānusārāt saṃvatsarānantaraṃ deva-loka-devatā tato vāyu-devatā tata āditya ity ākare nirṇītam | evaṃ vidyuto 'nantaraṃ varuṇendra-prajāpatayas tāvatā mārga-parva-pūrtiḥ | tatrārcir-ahaḥ-śukla-pakṣottarāyaṇa-devatā ihoktāḥ | saṃvatsaro deva-loko vāyur ādityaś candramā vidyud-varuṇa indraḥ prajāpatiś cety anuktā api draṣṭavyāḥ | tatra deva-yāna-mārge prayātā gacchanti brahma kāryopādhikaṃ kāryaṃ vādarir asya gaty-upapatteḥ (Vs 4.3.7) iti nyāyāt | nirupādhikaṃ tu brahma tad-dvāraiva krama-mukti-phalatvāt | brahma-vidaḥ saguṇa-brahmopāsakā janāḥ | atra etena pratipadyamānā imaṃ mānavam āvartaṃ nāvartanta iti śrutāv imam iti viśeṣaṇāt kalpāntare kecid āvartanta iti pratīyate | ataevātra bhagavatodāsitaṃ śrauta-mārga-kathanenaiva vyākhyānāt ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ --- atrānavṛtti-mārgam āha agnir iti | agni-jyotiḥ-śabdābhyāṃ te 'rciṣam abhisambhavanti iti śruty-uktyārcir-abhimāninī devatopalakṣyate | ahar ity ahar-abhimāninī | śukla iti śukla-pakṣābhimāninī | uttarāyaṇa-rūpāḥ ṣaṇ-māsā ity uttarāyaṇābhimāninī devatā | etad-rūpo yo mārgas tatra prayātā brahma-vido jñānino brahma prāpnuvanti | tathā ca śrutiḥ - te 'rciṣam abhi sambhavanti arciṣo 'rahna āpūryamāṇa-pakṣam āpūryamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaṇ-māsānudaṅṅāditya eti mālebhyo deva-lokam iti ||24||

baladevaḥ -- tatrānāvṛtti-patham āha agnir iti | agni-jyotiḥ-śabdābhyāṃ śruty-ukto 'rcir-abhimānī deva upalakṣyate | ahar iti divasābhimānī śukla iti śukla-pakṣābhimāninī | ṣaṇ-māsā ity uttarāyaṇam iti ṣaṇmāsātmakottarāyaṇābhābhimānī | etac cānyeṣāṃ saṃvatsarādīnāṃ śruty-uktānām upalakṣaṇam | chāndogyāḥ paṭhanti - atha yad u caivāsmin śavyaṃ kurvanti yadi ca nārciṣam evābhisaṃbhavanty arciṣo 'haraha āpūryamāṇa-pakṣam āpūryamāṇa-pakṣādyān ṣaḍ-udaṇṇeti māsāṃs tān māsebhyaḥ saṃvatsaraṃ saṃvatsarād ādityam ādityāc candramasaṃ

asyārthaḥ - asminn akṣi-stha-brahmopāsaka-gaṇe mṛte sati yadi putra-śiṣyādayaḥ śabyaṃ śaba-sambandhi karma dāhādi kurvanti | yadi ca na kurvanti | ubhayathāpy akṣatopāsti-phalās te tad-upāsakā arcir-ādibhir devais tam upāsyaṃ prayāntīti sphuṭam anyat | atra saṃvatsarādityayor madhye vāyu-loko niveśyaḥ | vidyutaḥ paratra kramād varuṇendra- prajāpatayo bodhyāḥ | śruty-antarād ity ākare vistaraḥ | amānavo nitya-pārṣadaḥ pareśasya hareḥ puruṣaḥ | ete 'rcir-ādayo devā ity āha sūtra-kāraḥ - ātivāhikās tal-liṅgāt (Vs 4.3.4) iti | tathārcir-ādibhir bhagavan-nideśa-sthair dvādaśabhir devaiḥ sevyamānena pathā bhagavantaṃ tad-bhaktāḥ prayānti tataḥ punar nāvartanta iti | evam uktaṃ nirṇetṛbhiḥ-

arcir dina-sita-pakṣair ihottarāyaṇa-śaran-marud-ravibhiḥ | vidhu-vidyud-varuṇndra-druhiṇaiś cāgāt padaṃ harer muktaḥ || iti ||24||

BhG 8.25

śrīdharaḥ - āvṛtti-mārgam āha dhūma iti | dhūmo dhūmābhimāninī devatā | rātry-ādi-śabdaiś ca pūrvavad eva rātri-kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-dakṣiṇāyana-rūpa-ṣaṇ-māsābhimāninyas tisro devatā upalakṣyante | etābhir devatābhir upalakṣito yo mārgas tatra prayātaḥ karma-yogī cāndramasaṃ jyotis tad-upalakṣitaṃ svarga-lokaṃ prāpya tatreṣṭāpūrta-karma-phalaṃ bhuktvā punar āvartate | tatrāpi śrutiḥ-te dhūmam abhi sambhavanti dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apakṣīyamāṇa-pakṣam apakṣīyamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaṇmāsān dakṣiṇāditya eti māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokāt candraṃ te candraṃ prāpya annaṃ bhavanti iti | tad evaṃ nivṛtti-karma-sahitopāsanayā krama-muktiḥ kāmya-karmabhiś ca svarga-bhogānantaram āvṛttiḥ | niṣiddha-karmabhis tu naraka-bhogānāntaram āvṛttiḥ | kṣudra-karmaṇāṃ tu jantūnām atraiva punaḥ punar janmeti draṣṭavyam ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ - deva-yāna-mārgastuty-arthaṃ pitṛ-yāna-mārgam āha dhūma iti | atrāpi dhūma iti dhūmābhimāninī devatā rātrir iti rātry-abhimāninī kṛṣṇa iti kṛṣṇa-pakṣābhimāninī | ṣaṇmāsā dakṣiṇāyanam iti dakṣiṇāyanābhimāninī lakṣyate etad apy anyāsāṃ śruty-uktānām upalakṣaṇam | tathā hi śrutiḥ -- te dhūmam abhi sambhavanti dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apara-pakṣam apara-kṣīyamāṇa-pakṣād yān ṣaḍ-dakṣiṇaiti māsāṃs tān anite saṃvatsaram abhiprāpnuvanti māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokād ākāśam ākāśāc candramasam eṣa somo rājā tad-devānām annaṃ taṃ devā bhakṣayanti tasmin yāvat saṃpātam uṣitvāthaitam evādhvyānaṃ punar nivartante iti | tatra tasmin pathi prayātāś cāndramasaṃ jyotiḥ phalaṃ yogī karma-yogīṣṭāpūrta-datta-kārī prāpya yāvat-sampātam uṣitvā nivartate | sampataty aneneti sampātaḥ karma | tasmād etasmād āvṛtti-mārgād anāvṛtti-mārgaḥ śreyān ity arthaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ --- karmiṇām āvṛtti-mārgam āha dhūma iti | dhūmābhimāninī devatā | rātry-ādi-śabdaiś ca pūrvavad eva tat-tad-abhimāninyas tisro devatā lakṣyante | etābhir devatābhir upalakṣito yo mārgas tatra prayātaḥ karma-yogī cāndramasaṃ jyotis tad-upalakṣitaṃ svarga-lokaṃ prāpya karma-phalaṃ bhuktvā nivartate ||25||

baladevaḥ - athāvṛtti-patham āha dhūmo rātrir iti | tatrāpi pūrvavat dhūma-rātri-kṛṣṇa-pakṣa-ṣaṇmāsātmaka-dakṣiṇāyanānām abhimānino devā lakṣyāḥ | saṃvatsara-pitṛ-lokākāśa-candramasāṃ śruty-uktānām upalakṣaṇam etat | chāndogyāḥ paṭhanti - atha ya ime grāma iṣṭā-pūrte dattam ity upāsate te dhūmam abhisambhavanti | dhūmād rātriṃ rātrer apara-pakṣam apara-pakṣādyān ṣaḍ-dakṣiṇaiti māsāṃs tān naite saṃvatsaram abhiprāpnuvanti || māsebhyaḥ pitṛ-lokaṃ pitṛ-lokād ākāśam ākāśāc candramasam eṣa somo rājā tad devānām annaṃ taṃ devā bhakṣayanti | tasmin yavāt saṃpātam uṣitvāthaitam evādhvānaṃ punar nivartante (5.10.3-5) iti |

BhG 8.26

śrīdharaḥ - uktau mārgāv upasaṃharati śukleti | śuklārcir-ādi-gatiḥ prakāśa-mayatvāt kṛṣṇā dhūmādi-gatis tamo-mayatvāt | ete gatī mārgau jñāna-karmādhikāriṇo jagataḥ śāśvate anādī saṃmate saṃsārasyānāditvāt | tayor ekayā śuklayā anāvṛttiṃ mokṣaṃ yāti | anyayā kṛṣṇayā tu punar āvartate ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ - uktau mārgāv upasaṃharati śukla-kṛṣṇe iti | śuklārcir-ādi-gatir jñāna-prakāśa-mayatvāt | kṛṣṇā dhūmādi-gatir jñāna-hīnatvena tamomayatvāt | te ete śukla-kṛṣṇe gatī mārgau hi prasiddhe sa-guṇa-vidyā-karmādhikāriṇoḥ | jagataḥ sarvasyāpi śāstra-jñasya śāśvate anādī mate saṃsārasyānāditvāt | tayor ekayā śuklayā yāty anāvṛttiṃ kaścit | anyayā kṛṣṇayā punar āvartate sarvo 'pi ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ --- uktau mārgāv upasaṃharati śukla-kṛṣṇe iti | śāśvate anādī saṃmate saṃsārasyānāditvāt | ekayā śuklayā anāvṛttiṃ mokṣam anyayā kṛṣṇayā tu punaḥ punar atra jāyate ||26||

baladevaḥ - uktau panthānāv upasaṃharati śukleti | arcir-ādir gatiḥ śuklā prakāśa-mayatvāt dhūmādikā gatiḥ kṛṣṇā prakāśa-śūnyatvāt | gatiḥ panthā ete gatā jñāna-karmādhikāriṇo jagataḥ śāśvate anādī sammate tasyānāditvāt | sphuṭam anyat ||26||

BhG 8.27

śrīdharaḥ - mārga-jñāna-kalaṃ darśayan bhakti-yogam upasaṃharati naite iti | ete sṛtī mārgau mokṣa-saṃsāra-prāpakau jānan kaścid api yogī na muhyati | sukha-buddhyā svargādi-phalaṃ na kāmayate | kintu parameśvara-niṣṭha eva bhavatīty arthaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ - gater upāsyatvāya tad-vijñānaṃ stauti naite iti | ete sṛtī mārgau he pārtha jana krama-mokṣāyaikā punaḥ saṃsārāyāpareti niścinvan yogī dhyāna-niṣṭho na muhyati kevalaṃ karma dhūmādi-mārga-prāpakaṃ kartavyatvena na pratyeti kaścana kaścid api | tasmād yogasthāpunar-āvṛtti-phalatvāt sarveṣu kāleṣu yoga-yuktaḥ samāhita-citto bhavāpunar-āvṛttaye he 'rjuna ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ --- etan-mārga-dvaya-jñānaṃ vivekotpādakam atas tadvantaṃ stauti naite iti | yoga-yuktaḥ samāhita-citto bhava ||27||

baladevaḥ -- etayoḥ pathor bodho viveka-hetur bhavatīti taṃ stauti naita iti | sṛtī panthāno jānan arcir-ādi-mokṣāya dhūmādiḥ saṃsārāyeti smaran kaścid api yogī mad-bhakto na muhyati dhūmādi-prāpakaṃ karma kartavyatvena na niścinotīty arthaḥ | yoga-yuktaḥ samādhi-niṣṭho bhavāpunar-āvṛttaye ||27||

BhG 8.28

śrīdharaḥ - adhyāyārtham aṣṭa-praśnārtha-nirṇayaṃ saphalam upasaṃharati vedeṣv iti | vedeṣv adhyayanādibhḥ | yajñeṣv anuṣṭhānādibhiḥ | tapaḥsu kāya-śoṣaṇādibhiḥ | dāneṣu sat-pātre 'rpaṇādibhiḥ | yat puṇya-phalam upadiṣṭaṃ śāstreṣu tat sarvam atyeti | tato 'pi śreṣṭhaṃ yogaiśvaryaṃ prāpnoti | kiṃ kṛtvā ? idam aṣṭa-praśnārtha-nirṇayenoktaṃ tattvaṃ viditvā | tataś ca yogī jñānī bhūtvā param utkṛṣṭam ādyaṃ jagan mūla-bhūtaṃ sthānaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmikṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ

madhusūdanaḥ - punaḥ śraddhānu-vṛddhy-arthaṃ yogaṃ stauti vedeṣv iti | vedeṣu darbha-pavitra-pāṇitva-prāṅ-mukhatva-gurv-adhīnatvādibhiḥ samyag-adhīteṣu, yajñeṣv aṅgopāṅga-sāhityena śraddhayā samyag-anuṣṭhiteṣu | tapaḥsu śāstrokteṣu mano-buddhy-ādyaikāgryeṇa śraddhayā sutapteṣu | dāneṣu tulā-puruṣādiṣu deśe kāle pātre ca śraddhayā samyag-dattesu yat-puṇya-phalaṃ puṇyasya dharmasya phalaṃ svarga-svārājyādi pradiṣṭaṃ śāstreṇa | atyety atikrāmati tat sarvam idaṃ pūrvokta-sapta-praśna-nirūpaṇa-dvāreṇoktaṃ viditvā samyag-anuṣṭhāna-prayantam avadhāryānuṣṭhāya ca yogī dhyāna-niṣṭhaḥ | na kevalaṃ tad atikrāmati paraṃ sarvotkṛṣṭam aiśvaraṃ sthānam ādyaṃ sarva-kāraṇam upaiti ca pratipadyate ca sarva-kāraṇaṃ brahmaiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ | tad anenādhyāyena dhyeyatvena tat-padārtho vyākhyātaḥ ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ --- etad-adhyāyoktārtha-jñāna-phalam āha vedeṣv iti | tat sarvam atyeti atikramya ca yogī bhaktimān tato 'pi śreṣṭhaṃ sthānam ādyam aprākṛtaṃ nityaṃ prāpnoti ||28||

baladevaḥ - saptamāṣṭamādhyāya-dvaya-jñāna-prakāram āha vedeṣv iti | vedeṣu brahmacarya-guru-śuśrūṣaṇādi-vidhinā samyag-adhīteṣu sarvāṅgoaa-saṃhāreṇa samyag-anuṣṭhiteṣu | tapaḥsu śāstroktena vidhinā samyak cariteṣu | dāneṣu deśa-kāla-pātra-parīkṣayā śraddhayā ca samyag-datteṣu yat puṇya-phalaṃ svarga-rājyādi-lakṣaṇaṃ pradiṣṭam uktam | tat sarvam abhyety atikramati | kiṃ kṛtvety āha idam iti | idam adhyāya-dvayoktaṃ bhagavato mama mad-bhakteś ca māhātmyaṃ sat-prasaṅgena viditvā tad-vedana-sukhātiriktaṃ tat sarvaṃ tṛṇāya manyata ity arthaḥ | tato

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye 'ṣṭamo 'dhyāyaḥ | ||8||

Bhagavadgita 9

BhG 9.1

śrīdharaḥ -

evaṃ tāvat saptamāṣṭamayoḥ svīyaṃ pārameśvaraṃ tattvaṃ bhaktyaiva sulabhaṃ nānyathā ity uktvā idānīm acintyaṃ svakīyam aiśvaryaṃ bhakteś cāsādhāraṇaṃ prabhāva`aprapañcayiṣyan bhagavān uvāca idam iti | viśeṣeṇa jñāyate 'neneti vijñānam upāsanam | tat-sahitaṃ jñānam īśvara-viṣayam | idaṃ tv anusūyave punaḥ punaḥ sva-māhātmyam evopadiśatīty evaṃ parama-kāruṇike mayi doṣa-dṛṣṭi-rahitāya | tubhyaṃ vakṣyāmi | tu-śabdo vaiśiṣṭye ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ - pūrvādhyāye mūrdhany anāḍī-dvārakeṇa hṛdaya-kaṇṭha-bhrū-madhyādi-dhāraṇā-sahitena sarvendriya-dvāra-saṃyama-guṇakena yogena svecchayotkrānta-prāṇasyārcir-ādi-mārgeṇa brahma-lokaṃ prayātasya tatra samyag-jñānodayena kalpānte para-brahma-prāpti-lakṣaṇā krama-muktir vyākhyātā | tatra cānenaiva prakāreṇa muktir labhyate nānayathety āśaṅkya- ananya-cetāḥ satataṃ yo māṃ smarati nityaśaḥ | tasyāhaṃ sulabhaḥ ity ādinā bhagavat-tattva-vijñānāt sākṣān mokṣa-prāptir abhihitā | tatra cānanyā bhaktir asādhāraṇo hetur ity uktaṃ puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyas tv ananyayā iti | tatra pūrvokta-yoga-dhāraṇā-pūrva-prāṇotkramaṇārcir-ādi-mārga-gamana-kāla-vilambādi-kleśam antareṇaiva sākṣān mokṣa-prāptaye bhagavat-tattvasya tad-bhakteś ca vistareṇa jñāpanāya navamo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | aṣṭame dhyeya-brahma-nirūpaṇena tad-dhyāna-niṣṭhasya gatir uktā | navame tu jñeya-brahma-nirūpaṇena jñāna-niṣṭhasya gatir ucyata iti saṅkṣepaḥ | tatra vakṣyamāṇa-jñāna-stuty-arthās trīn ślokān |

idaṃ prāg bahudhoktam agre ca vakṣyamāṇam adhunocyamānaṃ jñānaṃ śabda-pramāṇakaṃ brahma-tattva-viṣayakaṃ te tubhyaṃ pravakṣyāmi | tu-śabdaḥ pūrvādhyāyoktād dhyānāj jñānasya vailakṣaṇyam āha | idam eva samyag-jñānaṃ sākṣān mokṣa-prāpti-sādhanaṃ na tu dhyānaṃ tasyājñānānivartakatvāt | tat tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi-dvāredam eva jñānaṃ sampādya krameṇa mokṣaṃ janayatīty uktam |

kīdṛśaṃ jñānaṃ guhyatamaṃ gopanīyatamam atirahasyatvāt | yato vijñāna-sahitaṃ brahmānubhava-paryantam | īdṛśam atirahasyam apy ahaṃ śiṣya-guṇādhikyād vakṣyāmi tubhyam anasūyave | asūyā guṇeṣu doṣa-dṛṣṭis tad-āviṣkaraṇādi-phalā | sarvadāyam ātmaiśvarya-khyāpanenātmānaṃ praśaṃsati mat-purastād ity evaṃ rūpā tad-rahitāya | anenārjuava-saṃyamāv api śiṣya-guṇau vyākhyātau | punaḥ kīdṛśaṃ jñānaṃ yaj jñātvā prāpya mokṣyase sadya eva saṃsāra-bandhanād aśubhāt sarva-duḥkha-hetoḥ ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ ---

karma-jñāna-yogādibhyaḥ sakāśāt bhakter eve utkarṣaḥ | sā ca bhaktiḥ pradhānībhūtā kevalā ceti saptamāṣṭamayor uktam | tatrāpi kevalāyā atiprabalāyā jñānavad antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhy-ādy-anapekṣinyā bhakteḥ spaṣṭatayā eva sarvotkarṣaḥ | tasyām apekṣitam aiśvaryaṃ ca vaktuṃ navamo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | sarva-śāstra-sāra-bhūtasya gītā-śāstrasyāpi madhyam adhyāya-ṣaṭkam eva sāram | tasyāpi madhyamau navama-daśamāv eva sārāv ity ato 'tra nirūpayiṣyamāṇam arthaṃ stauti idaṃ tv iti tribhiḥ |

dvitīya-tṛtīyādhyāyādiṣu yad uktaṃ mokṣopayogi-jñānaṃ guhyam | saptamāṣṭamayor mat-prāpty-upayogi-jñānaṃ jñāyate 'nena bhagavat-tattvam iti jñānaṃ bhakti-tattvaṃ guhyataram | atra tu kevala-śuddha-bhakti-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ guhyatamaṃ prakarṣeṇaiva tubhyaṃ vakṣyāmi | atra tu jñāna-śabdena bhaktir avaśyaṃ vyākhyeyā, na tu prathama-ṣaṭkoktaṃ prasiddhaṃ jñānam | para-śloke 'vyayam anaśvaram iti viśeṣaṇa-dānād guṇātītatva-lābhād guṇātītā bhaktir eva | na tu jñānam, tasya sāttvikatvāt | aśraddadhānāḥ puruṣā dharmasyāsya ity agrima-śloke dharma-śabdenāpi bhaktir evocyate | anasūyave 'matsarāyety anyo 'pīdam amatsarāyaivopadiśed iti vidhir vyañjitaḥ | vijñāna-sahitaṃ mad-aparokṣānubhava-paryantam ity arthaḥ | aśubhāt saṃsārād bhakti-pratibandhakād antarāyād vā ||1||

baladevaḥ -

vijñānānanda-ghano 'saṅkhyeya-kalyāṇa-guṇa-ratnālayaḥ sarveśvaro 'haṃ śuddha-bhakti-sulabha iti saptamādibhyām abhidhāyedānīṃ bhakter uddīpakaṃ nijaiśvaryaṃ tasyāḥ prabhāva`acābhidhāsyann ādau tāṃ stauti idam iti tribhiḥ | idaṃ jñānaṃ mat-kīrtanādi-lakṣaṇa-bhakti-rūpam | paratra dharmasyāsya ity ukteḥ | kīrtanādeś cic-chakti-vṛttitvāt | jñāyate 'nena iti nirukteś ca | tat kila guhyatamam | dvitīyādāv upadiṣṭaṃ mad-aiśvarya-jñānaṃ guhyataram ity arthaḥ | navamādāv upadeśyaṃ tu kevala-bhakti-lakṣaṇam idaṃ jñānaṃ guhyatamam ity arthaḥ | tac ca vijñāna-sahitaṃ mad-anubhavāvasānaṃ te vakṣyāmi | kīdṛśāyety āha anasūyava iti | mad-guṇeṣu doṣāropa-rahitāya durgamasya sva-rahasyasyānukampayopadeṣṭari mayi nijaiśvarya-prakhyāpanenātmānaṃ praśaṃsasīti doṣa-dṛṣṭi-śūnyāyety arthaḥ | tenānyo 'py etad anasūyaṃ prati brūyād iti darśitam | yaj jñātvā tvam aśubhāt saṃsārān mokṣyase ||1||

BhG 9.2

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca rājavidyeti | idaṃ jñānaṃ rāja-vidyā vidyānāṃ rājā | rāja-guhyaṃ guhyānāṃ ca rājā | vidyāsu gopyeṣu ca atirahasyaṃ śreṣṭham ity arthaḥ | rāja-dantāditvād upasarjanasya paratvam | rājñāṃ vidyā rājñāṃ guhyam iti vā | uttamaṃ pavitram idam atyanta-pāvanam | jñānināṃ pratyakṣāvagamaṃ ca | pratyakṣaḥ spaṣṭo 'vagamo 'vabodho yasya tat pratyakṣāvagamam | dṛṣṭa-phalam ity arthaḥ | dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetam | vedokta-sarva-dharma-phalatvāt | kartuṃ ca susukhaṃ kartuṃ śakyam ity arthaḥ | avyayaṃ cākṣaya-phalatvāt ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ - punas tadābhimukhyāya taj-jñānaṃ stauti rājeti | rāja-vidyā sarvāsāṃ vidyānāṃ rājā sarvāvidyānāśakatvāt | vidyāntarasyāvidyaika-deśa-virodhitvāt | tathā rāja-guhyaṃ sarveṣāṃ guhyānāṃ rājā | aneka-janma-kṛta-sukṛta-sādhyatvena bahubhir ajñātatvāt | rāja-dantāditvād upasarjanasya para-nipātaḥ | pavitram idam uttamaṃ prāyaścittair hi kiṃcid ekam eva pāpaṃ nivartyate | nivṛttaṃ ca tat-sva-kāraṇe sūkṣma-rūpeṇa tiṣṭhaty eva | yataḥ punas tat-pāpam upacinoti puruṣaḥ | idaṃ tv aneka-janma-sahasra-sañcitānāṃ sarveṣām api pāpānāṃ sthūla-sūkṣmāvasthānāṃ tat-kāraṇasya cājñānasya ca sadya evocchedakam | ataḥ sarvottamaṃ pāvanam idam eva |

na cātīndriye dharma ivātra kasyacit sandehaḥ svarūpataḥ phalataś ca pratyakṣatād ity āha pratyakṣāvagamam avagamyate,nenety avagamo mānam avagamyate prāpyata ity avagamaḥ phalaṃ pratyakṣāvagamo mānam asminn iti svarūpataḥ sākṣi-pratyakṣatvam | pratyakṣo 'vagamo 'syeti phalataḥ sākṣi-pratyakṣatvam | mayedaṃ viditvam ato naṣṭam idānīm atra mamājñānam iti hi sārvalaukikaḥ sākṣy-anubhavaḥ |

evaṃ lokānubhava-siddhatve 'pi taj-jñānaṃ dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetam aneka-janma-saṃcita-niṣkāma-dharma-phalam | tarhi duḥsampādaṃ syān nety āha | susukhaṃ kartuṃ gurūpadarśita-vicāra-sahakṛtena vedānta-vākyena sukhena kartuṃ śakyaṃ na deśa-kālādi-vyavadhānam apekṣate pramāṇa-vastu-paratantratvāj jñānasya | evam anāyāsa-sādhyatve svalpa-phalatvaṃ syād atyāyāsa-sādhyānām eva karmaṇāṃ mahā-phalatva-darśanād iti nety āha avyayam | evam anāyāsa-sādhyasyāpy asya phalato vyahto nāstīty avyayam akṣaya-phalam ity arthaḥ | karmaṇā tv atimahatām api kṣayi-phalatvam eva yo vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgy aviditvāsmil loke juhoti yajate tapas tapyate bahūni varṣa-sahasrāṇy antavad evāsya tad bhavati iti [BAU 3.7.10] śruteḥ | tasmāt sarvotkṛṣṭatvāc chraddheyam evātma-jñānam ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ --- kiṃ ca | idaṃ jñānaṃ rāja-vidyā vidyā upāsanā vividhā eva bhaktayaḥ tāsāṃ rājā | rāja-dantāditvād para-nipātaḥ | guhyānāṃ rājeti bhakti-mātram evātiguhyaṃ tasya bahuvidhasyāpi rājā iti atiguhyatamam | pavitram idam iti sarva-pāpa-prāyaścittatvāt tvaṃ padārtah-jñānāc ca sakāśād api pāvitrya-karam | aneka-janma-sahasra-sañcitānāṃ sarveṣām api pāpānāṃ sthūla-sūkṣmāvasthānāṃ tat-kāraṇasya cājñānasya ca sadya evocchedakam | ataḥ sarvottamaṃ pāvanam idam eva iti madhusūdana sarasvatīpādāḥ | pratyakṣa evāvagamo 'nubhavo yasya tat |

ity ekādaśoketḥ pratipadam eva bhajanānurūpa-bhagavad-anubhava-lābhāt | dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ sarva-dharmākaraṇe 'pi sarva-dharma-siddheḥ -

yathā taror mūla-niṣecanena tṛpyanti tat-skandha-bhujopaśākhāḥ | prāṇopahārāc ca yathendriyāṇāṃ

kartuṃ susukham iti karma-jñānādāv iva nātra ko 'pi kāra-vāṅ-mānasa-kleśātiśayaḥ śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhakteḥ śrotrādīndriya-vyāpāra-mātratvāt | avyayaṃ karma-jñānādivan na naśvaraṃ nirguṇatvāt ||2||

baladevaḥ - rāja-vidyeti | vidyānāṃ śāṇḍilya-vaiśvānara-daharādi-śabda-pūrvāṇāṃ rājā rāja-vidyā | guhyānāṃ jīvātma-yāthātmyādi-rahasyānāṃ rājā rāja-guhyam idaṃ bhakti-rūpaṃ jñānam | rāja-dantāditvād upasarjanasya para-nipātaḥ | tathātve pratipādayituṃ viśinaṣṭi - uttamaṃ pavitraṃ liṅga-deha-paryanta-sarva-pāpa-praśamanāt | yad uktaṃ pādme-

aprārabdha-phalaṃ pāpaṃ kūṭaṃ bījaṃ phalonmukham | krameṇaiva pralīyante viṣṇu-bhakti-ratātmanām || iti |

kramo 'tra parṇa-śataka-vedhavad bodhyaḥ | pratyakṣāvagamam avagamyata ity avagamo viṣayaḥ | sa yasmin pratyakṣe 'sti śravaṇādike 'bhyastyamāne tasmiṃs tad-viṣayaḥ puruṣottamo 'ham āvirbhavāmi | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ - prakāśaś ca karmaṇy abhyāsāt iti | dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ guru-śuśrūṣādi-dharmair nityaṃ puṣyamāṇam | śrutiś ca ācāryavān puruṣo veda ity ādyā |

kartuṃ susukhaṃ sukha-sādhyam | śrotrādi-vyāpāra-mātratvāt tulasī-pātrāmbu-culuka-mātropakaraṇatvāc ca | avyayam avināśi-mokṣe 'pi tasyānuvṛtteḥ | evaṃ vakṣyati bhaktyā mām abhijānāti ity ādinā | karma-yogādikaṃ tu nedṛśam ato 'sya rāja-vidyātvam | tatrāhuḥ rājñāṃ vidyā, rājñāṃ guhyam iti rājñām ivodāra-cetasāṃ kāruṇikānām iva divam api tucchīkurvatām iyaḥ vidyā na tu śīghraṃ putrādi-lipsayā devān abhyarcatāṃ dīna-cetasāṃ karmiṇām | rājāno hi mahāratnādi-sampad apy anihnuvānāḥ sva-mantraṃ yathātiyatnān nihnūyate tathānyāṃ vidyām anihnuvānā mad-bhaktā etām atiyatnān nihnuvīrann iti | samānam anyat ||2||

BhG 9.3

śrīdharaḥ - nanv evam asyātisukaratve ke nāma saṃsāriṇaḥ syuḥ | tatrāha aśraddadhānā iti | asya bhakti-sahita-jñāna-lakṣaṇasya | dharmasyeti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī | imaṃ dharmam aśraddadhānā āstikyenāsvīkurvanta upāyāntarair mat-prāptaye kṛta-prayatnā api mām aprāpya mṛtyu-yukte saṃsāra-vartmani nimitte nivartante | mṛtyu-vyāpte saṃsāra-mārge paribhramantīty arthaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ - evam asya sukaratve sarvotkṛṣṭatve ca sarve 'pi kuto 'tra na pravartante, tathā ca na ko 'pi saṃsārī syād ity ata āha aśraddadhānā iti | asyātma-jñānākhyasya dharmasya svarūpe sādhane phale ca śāstra-pratipādite 'pi aśraddadhānā veda-virodhi-kuhetu-darśana-dūṣitāntaḥkaraṇatayā prāmāṇyam amanyamānāḥ pāpa-kāriṇo 'sura-sampadam ārūḍhāḥ sva-mati-kalpitenopāyena kathaṃcid yatamānā api śāstra-vihitopāyābhāvād aprāpya māṃ mat-prāpti-sādhanam apy alabdhvā nivartante niścayena vartante | kva mṛtyu-yukte saṃsāra-vartmani sarvadā janana-maraṇa-prabandhena nāraki-tiryag-ādi-yoniṣv eva bhramantīty arthaḥ ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanv evam asyātisukha-karatve sati ko nāma saṃsārī syāt | tatrāha aśraddadhānā iti | asyeti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī ārṣī | imaṃ dharmam aśraddadhānāḥ śāstra-vākyaiḥ pratipāditaṃ bhakteḥ sarvotkarṣaṃ stuty-artha-vādam eva manyamānā āstikyena na svīkurvanti ye, ta upāyāntarair mat-prāptaye kṛta-prayatnā api mām aprāpya mṛtyu-vyāpte saṃsāra-vartmani nitarām atiśayena vartante ||3||

baladevaḥ -- nanv evaṃ sukare dharme sthite na ko 'pi saṃsāred iti cet tatrāha aśraddadhānā iti | dharmasyeti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī | imaṃ mad-bhakti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmam śruty-ādi-prasiddha-prabhāvam apy aśraddadhānā dṛḍha-viśvāsena tam agṛhṇataḥ stuti-mātram evaitad iti ye manyante, te mat-prāptaye sādhanāntarāṇy anutiṣṭhanto 'pi bhakty-avahelanān mām aprāpya mṛtyu-yukte saṃsāra-vartmani nitarām vartante ||3||

BhG 9.4

śrīdharaḥ - tad evaṃ vaktavyatayā prastutasya jñānasya stutyā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtya tad eva jñānaṃ kathayati mayeti dvābhyām | avyaktā 'tīndriyā mūrtiḥ svarūpaṃ yasya | tādṛśena mayā kāraṇa-bhūtena sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptam | tat sṛṣṭvā tad evānuprāviśat ity ādi śruteḥ | ataeva kāraṇa-bhūte mayi tiṣṭhantīti mat-sthāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni carācarāṇi | evam api ghaṭādiṣu kāryeṣu mṛttikeva teṣu bhūteṣu nāham avasthitaḥ | ākāśavad asaṅgatvāt ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evaṃ vaktavyatayā pratijñātasya jñānasya vidhi-mukhenetara-niṣedha-mukhena ca stutyābhimukhīkṛtam arjunaṃ prati tad evāha dvābhyām mayeti | idaṃ jagat sarvaṃ bhūta-bhautika-tat-kāraṇa-rūpaṃ dṛśya-jātaṃ mad-ajñāna-kalpitaṃ māyādhiṣṭhānena paramārtha-satā sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇa ca tataṃ vyāptaṃ rajju-khaṇḍeneva tad-ajñāna-kalpitaṃ sarpa-dhārādi | tvayā vāsudevena paricchinnena sarvaṃ jagat kathaṃ vyāptaṃ pratyakṣa-virodhād iti nety āha avyaktā sarva-karaṇāgocarībhūtā sva-prakāśādvaya-caitanya-sad-ānanda-rūpā mūrtir yasya tena mayā vyāptam idaṃ sarvaṃ na tv anena dehenety arthaḥ | ata eva santīva sphurantīva mad-rūpeṇa sthitāni mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi jaṅgamāni ca | paramārthatas tu na ca naivāhaṃ teṣu kalpiteṣu bhūtesv avasthitaḥ kalpitākalpitayoḥ sambandhāyogāt | ataevoktaṃ yatra yad adhyastaṃ tat-kṛtena guṇena doṣeṇa vāṇu-mātreṇāpi na sa sambadhyata iti ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ --- yad dāsya-bhaktāv etan-mātraṃ mad-aiśvarya-jñānaṃ mad-bhaktair apekṣitavyam ity āha saptabhiḥ | avyaktā 'tīndriyā mūrtiḥ svarūpaṃ yasya tena mayā kāraṇa-bhūtena sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptam | ataeva mat-sthāni mayi kāraṇa-bhūte pūrṇa-caitanya-svarūpe sthitāni sarvāṇi bhūtāni carācarāṇi santi | evam api ghaṭādiṣu sva-kāryeṣu mṛgādivatteṣu bhūteṣu nāham avasthito 'saṅgatvāt ||4||

baladevaḥ - atha sva-bhakty-uddīpakam adbhuta-svaiśvaryam āha mayeti | avyaktā indriyāgrāhyā mūrtiḥ svarūpaṃ yasya tena mayā sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ dhartuṃ niyantuṃ ca vyāptam | ataeva sarvāṇi carācarāṇi bhūtāni vyāpake dhārake niyāmake ca mayi sthitāni bhavantīti teṣāṃ sthitis tad-adhīnā nety arthaḥ | iha nikhila-jagad-antaryāmiṇā svāṃśenāntaḥ praviśya niyacchāmi dadhāmi cety uktam | āha caivaṃ śrutiḥ yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhat ity ādinā | ihāpi vakṣyati viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ity ādi ||4||

BhG 9.5

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca na ceti | na ca mayi sthitāni bhūtāni | asaṅgatvād eva mama | nanu tarhi vyāpakatvam āśrayatvaṃ ca pūrvoktaṃ viruddham ity āśaṅkyāha paśyeti | me mama aiśvaryam asādhāraṇaṃ yogaṃ yuktim aghaṭana-ghaṭanā-cāturyaṃ paśya | madīya-yoga-māyā-vaibhavasyāvirtarkyatvān na kiñcid viruddham ity arthaḥ | anyad apy āścaryaṃ paśyety āha bhūteti | bhūtāni bibharti dhārayatīti bhūta-bhṛt | bhūtāni bhāvayati pālayatīti bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | evaṃ bhūto 'pi mamātmā paraṃ svarūpaṃ bhūtastho na bhavatīti | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - yathā dehaṃ bibhrat pālayaṃś ca jīvo 'haṅkāreṇa tat-saṃśliṣṭas tiṣṭhaty evam ahaṃ bhūtāni dhārayan pālayann api teṣu na tiṣṭhāmi | nirahaṅkāratvād iti ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ - ataeva na ceti | diviṣṭha ivāditye kalpitāni jala-calanādīni mayi kalpitāni bhūtāni paramārthato mayi na santi | tvam arjunaḥ prākṛtīṃ manuṣya-buddhiṃ hitvā paśya paryālocaya me yogaṃ prabhāvam aiśvaram aghaṭana-ghaṭanā-cāturyaṃ māyāvina iva mamāvalokayety arthaḥ | nāhaṃ kasyacid ādheyo nāpi kaasyacid ādhāras tathāpy ahaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu mayi ca sarvāṇi bhūtānīti mahatīyaṃ māyā | yato bhūtāni sarvāṇi kāryāṇy upādānatayā bibharti dhārayati poṣayatīti ca bhūta-bhṛt | bhūtāni sarvāṇi kartṛtayotpādayatīti bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | evam abhinna-nimittopādāna-bhūto 'pi mamātmā mama parmaārtha-svarūpa-bhūtaḥ sac-cid-ānanda-ghano 'saṅgādvitīya-svarūpatvāc ca bhūtasthaḥ paramārthato na bhūta-sambandhī svapna-dṛg iva na paramārthataḥ sva-kalpita-sambandhīty arthaḥ | mamātmeti rāhoḥ śira itivat kalpanayā ṣaṣṭhī ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tata eva mayi sthitāny api bhūtāni na mat-sthāni mamāsaṅgatvād eveti bhāvaḥ | nanu tarhi tava jagad-vyāpakatvam jagad-āśrayatvaṃ ca pūrvoktaṃ viruddham ity āha paśya me yogam aiśvaram asādhāraṇaṃ yogaiśvaryam aghaṭita-ghaṭanā-cāturya-mayam | anyad apy āścaryaṃ paśyety āha bhūtāni bibharti dhārayatīti bhūta-bhṛt | bhūtāni bhāvayati pālayatīti bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | evaṃ bhūto 'pi mamātmā bhūta-stho na bhavatīti mameti bhagavati deha-dehi-vibhāgābhāvāt | rāhoḥ śiraḥ itivad abhede 'pi ṣaṣṭhī | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - yathā jīvo dehaṃ dadhat pālayann api tasmin āsaktyā deha-stha eva bhavati, evam ahaṃ bhūtāni dadhat pālayann api māyika-sarva-bhūta-śarīro 'pi

baladevaḥ - nanv atiguruṃ bhāraṃ vahatas te mahān khedaḥ syād iti cet tatrāha na ceti | ghaṭādāv udakādīnīva bhāra-bhūtāni cabhūtāni saṃsṛṣṭāni mayi na santi | tarhi mat-sthāni saarva-bhūtānīty-ukti-viruddheteti mayi na santi | tarhi mat-sthāni sarva-bhūtānīty-uktir viruddheteti cet tatraha paśyeti | mamaiśvaraṃ mad-asādhāraṇaṃ yogaṃ paśya jānīhi yujyate 'nena durghaṭeṣu kāryeṣu iti nirukter yogo 'vicintya-śakti-vapuḥ satya-saṅkalpatā-lakṣaṇo dharamas tam ity arthaḥ | etad eva visphuṭayati bhūta-bhṛd iti bhūta-bhṛt bhūtānāṃ dhārakaḥ pālakaś cāhaṃ bhūtastho bhūta-saṃpṛkto naiva bhavāmi | yato mām ātmā mana eva bhūta-bhāvanaḥ satya-saṅkalpatā -lakṣaṇenaiśvareṇa yogenaivāhaṃ bhūtānāṃ dhāraṇaṃ pālanaṃ ca karomi, na tu sva-mūrti-vyāpāreṇety arthaḥ | śrutiś caivam āha - etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi sūryācandram asau vidhṛtau tiṣṭhata etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi dyāv āpṛthivyau vidhṛte tiṣṭhataḥ [BAU 3.7.9] ity ādinā | yadyapi svarūpān na mano bhinnaṃ, tathāpi sattā satīty ādivad viśeṣād vāstavaṃ bheda-kāryam ādāyaiva tathoktaṃ bodhyam ||5||

BhG 9.6

śrīdharaḥ - asaṃśliṣṭayor apy ādhārādheya-bhāvaṃ dṛṣṭāntenāha yayeti | avakāśaṃ vināvasthānānupapatter nityam ākāśe sthito vāyuḥ sarvatra-go 'pi mahān api nākāśena saṃśliṣyate | niravayavatvena saṃśleṣāyogāt | tathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni mayi sthitānīti jānīhi ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ - asaṃśliṣṭayor apy ādhārādheya-bhāvaṃ dṛṣṭāntenāha yatheti | yathaivāsaṅga-svabhāva ākāśe sthito nityaṃ sarvadotpatti-sthiti-saṃhāra-kāleṣu vātīti vāyuḥ sarvadā calana-svabhāvaḥ | ataeva sarvatra gacchatīti sarvatra-gaḥ | mahān parimāṇataḥ | etādṛśo 'pi na na kadāpy ākāśena saha saṃsṛjyate | tathaivāsaṅga-svabhāve mayi saṃśleṣam antareṇaiva sarvāṇi bhūtāny ākāśādīni mahānti sarvatragāni ca sthitāni nāpi sthitānīty upadhāraya vimṛśyāvadhāraya ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ --- asaṅge mayi bhūtāni sthitāny api na sthitāni, teṣv apy ahaṃ sthito 'pi na sthita ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathaivāsaṅga-svabhāve ākāśe nityaṃ vātīti vāyuḥ sarvadā calana-svabhāvaḥ | ataeva sarvatra gacchatīti sarvatra-go mahān parimāṇataḥ yathā svākāśasya asaṅgatvāt tatra sthito 'pi na sthitaḥ | ākāśo 'pi vāyau sthito 'pi na sthito 'saṅgatvād eva tathaivāsaṅga-svabhāve mayi sarvāṇi bhūtāni ākāśādīni mahānti sarvatragāni sthitāni nāpi sthitānīty upadhāraya vimṛśya niścinu | nanu tarhi paśya me yogam aiśvaram iti bhagavad-uktaṃ yogaiśvaryasyātarkyatvaṃ kathaṃ siddham abhūt ? dṛṣṭānta-lābhāt | ucyate - ākāśasya jaḍatvā evāsaṅgatvam | cetanasya tv asaṅgatvaṃ jagad-adhiṣṭhānādhiṣṭhātṛtve parameśvaraṃ vinā nānyatrāstīty atarkyatvaṃ siddham eva | tad apy ākāśa-dṛṣṭānto loka-buddhi-praveśārtha eva jñeyaḥ ||6||

baladevaḥ - carācarāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ mat-saṅkalpāyattā sthitir vṛttiś cety atra dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā nirālambe mahaty ākāśe nirālambo mahān vāyuḥ sthitaḥ sarvatra gacchati | tasya tasya ca nirālambatayā sthitir mat-saṅkalpād eva pravṛttiś cety antaryāmi-brāhmaṇāt yad bhīṣā vātaḥ pavate iti śruty-antarāc copadhārayeti, tathā sarvāṇi sthira-carāṇi bhūtāni mat-sthāni tair ansaṃtuṣṭe mayi sthitāni mayaiva saṅkalpa-mātreṇa dhṛtāni nityamitāni cety upadhāraya | anyathā ākāśādīni vibhraṃśerann iti ||6||

BhG 9.7

śrīdharaḥ - tad evam asaṅgasyaiva yogamāyayā sthiti-hetutvam uktam | tayaiva sṛṣṭi-prayala-hetutvaṃ cāha sarveti | kalpa-kṣaye pralaya-kāle sarvāṇi bhūtāni prakṛtiṃ yānti | triguṇātmikāyāṃ māyāyāṃ līyante | punaḥ kalpādau sṛṣṭi-kāle tāni visṛjāmi viśeṣeṇa sṛjāmi ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - evam utpatti-kāle sthiti-kāle ca kalpitena prapañcenāsaṅgasyātmano 'saṃśleṣam uktvā pralaye 'pi tam āha sarvetei | sarvāṇi bhūtāni kalpa-kṣaye pralaya-kāle māmikāṃ mac-chaktitvena kalpitāṃ prakṛtiṃ triguṇātmikāṃ māyāṃ sva-kāraṇa-bhūtāṃ yānti tatraiva sūkṣma-rūpeṇa līyanta ity arthaḥ | he kaunteyety uktārtham | punas tāni kalpādau sarga-kāle visṛjāmi prakṛtāv avibhāgāpannāni vyanajmi ahaṃ sarvajñaḥ sarva-śaktir īśvaraḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanv adhunā dṛśyamāny etāni bhūtāni tvayi sthitānīty avagamyate | mahā-pralaye kva yāsyantīty apekṣāyām āha sarveti | māmikāṃ madīyāṃ mama triguṇātmikāyāṃ māyā-śaktau līyanta ity arthaḥ | punaḥ kalpa-kṣaye pralayānte sṛṣṭi-kāle tāni viśeṣeṇa sṛjāmi ||7||

baladevaḥ - sva-saṅkalpād eva bhūtānāṃ sthitir uktā | atha tasmād eva teṣāṃ sarga-pralayāv āha sarveti | he kaunteya ! kalpa-kṣaye caturmukhāvasāna-kāle sarvāṇi bhūtāni mat-saṅkalpād eva māmikāṃ prakṛtiṃ yānit | prakṛti-śaktike mayi vilīyante kalpādau punas tāny aham eva bahu syām iti saṅkalpa-mātreṇa vaividhyena sṛjāmi ||7||

BhG 9.8

śrīdharaḥ - nanv asaṅgo nirvikāraś ca tvaṃ kathaṃ sṛjasīty apekṣāyām āha - prakṛtim iti | svāṃ svīyāṃ svādhīnāṃ prakṛtim avaṣṭabhyādhiṣṭhāya | pralaye līnaṃ santaṃ caturvidham imaṃ sarvaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ karmādi-paravaśaṃ punaḥ punar vividhaṃ sṛjāmi | viśeṣeṇa sṛjāmi iti vā | katham ? prakṛter vaśāt prācīna-karma-nimitta-tat-tat-svabhāva-vaśāt ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ-nimittā parameśvara-stheyaṃ sṛṣṭir na tāvat sva-bhogārthā tasya sarva-sākṣi-bhūta-caitanya-mātrasya bhoktṛtvābhāvāt tathātve vā saṃsāritveneśvaratva-vyāghātāt | nāpy anyo bhoktā yad artheyaṃ sṛṣṭiḥ | cetanāntarābhāvāt | īśvarasyaiva sarvatra jīva-rūpeṇa sthitatvāt | acetanasya cābhoktṛtvāt | ataeva nāpavargārthāpi sṛṣṭiḥ | bandhābhāvād apavarga-virodhitvāc cety ādy-anupapattiḥ sṛṣṭer māyā-mayatvaṃ sādhayantī nāsmākaṃ pratikūleti na parihartavyety abhipretya māyāmayatvān mithyātvaṃ prapañcasya vaktum ārabhate tribhiḥ prakṛtim iti |

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanv asaṅgo nirvikāraś ca tvaṃ kathaṃ sṛjasīty apekṣāyām āha - prakṛtim iti | svāṃ svīyām avaṣṭabhyādhiṣṭhāya prakṛter vaśāt svīya-svabhāva-vaśāt prācīna-karma-nimittād iti yāvat | avaśaṃ karmādi-paratantram ||8||

baladevaḥ -- prakṛtim iti | svām ātmīyāṃ tri-guṇāṃ prakṛtim avaṣṭabhyādhiṣṭhāya saṅkalpa-mātreṇa mahad-ādyān manā pariṇamayyemaṃ caturvidham bhūta-grāmaṃ visṛjāmi punaḥ punaḥ kāle kāle | kīdṛśam ity āha prakṛteḥ prācīna-karma-vāsanāyā vaśāt prabhāvād avaśaṃ paratantraṃ tathā cācintya-śakter asaṅga-svabhāvasya mama saṅkalpa-mātreṇa tat tat kurvato na tat-saṃsarga-gandho na ca ko 'pi kheda-leśa iti ||8||

BhG 9.9

śrīdharaḥ - nanv evaṃ nānā-vidhāni karmāṇi kurvatas tava jīvavad-bandhaḥ kathaṃ na syād iti ? ata āha na ca mām iti | tāni viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādīni karmāṇi māṃ na nibadhnanti | karmāsaktir hi baddha-hetuḥ sā cāpta-kāmatvān mama nāsti | ata udāsīnatvānupapatter udāsīnavat sthitam ity uktam ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - ataḥ na ceti | na ca naiva sṛṣṭi-sthiti-pralayākhyāni tāni māyāvineva svapna-dṛśeva ca mayā kriyamāṇāni māṃ nibandhnanti anugraha-nigrahābhyāṃ na sukṛta-duṣkṛta-bhāginaṃ kurvanti mithyā-bhūtatvāt | he dhanañjaya yudhiṣṭhira-rājasūyārthaṃ sarvān rājño jitvā dhanam āhṛtavān iti mahān prabhāvaḥ sūcitaḥ protsāhanārtham |

tāni karmāṇi kuto na badhnanti tatrāha udāsīnavad āsīnam | yathā kaścid upekṣako dvayor vivadamānayor jaya-parājayāsaṃsargī tat-kṛta-harṣa-viṣādābhyām asaṃsṛṣṭo nirvikāra āste tadvan nirvikāratayāsīnam | dvayor vivadamānayor ihābhāvād upekṣakatva-mātra-sādharmyeṇa vati-pratyayaḥ | ataeva nirvikāratvāt teṣu sṛṣṭy-ādi-karmasv asaktam ahaṃ karomīty abhimāna-lakṣeṇa saṅgena rahitaṃ māṃ na nibadnanti karmāṇīti yuktam eva | anyasyāpi hi kartṛtvābhāve phala-saṅgābhāve ca karmāṇi na bandha-kāraṇānīty uktam anena | tad-ubhaya-sattve tu kośa-kāra iva karmabhir badhyate mūḍha ity abhiprāyaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanv evaṃ ca nānā-karmāṇi kurvatas tava jīvavad-bandhaḥ kathaṃ na syād ? ata āha na ceti | tāni sṛṣṭy-ādīni | karmāsaktir hi baddha-hetuḥ sā cāpta-kāmatvān mama nāsti | udāsīnavad iti | anya udāsīno yathā vivadamānānāṃ duḥkha-śokādi-saṃsṛṣṭo na bhavati tathaivāham ity arthaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ -- nanu viṣamāṇi sṛṣṭi-poālana-lakṣaṇāni vaiṣamyādinā tvāṃ badhnīyur iti cet tatrāha na ceti | tāni viṣama-sṛṣṭy-ādīni karmāṇi na mayi vaiṣamyādi-prasañjayanti | tatra hetu-garbha-viśeṣaṇam udāsīnavad iti | jīvānāṃ deva-mānava-tiryag-ādi-bhāve tat-tad-abhyudaya-tāratamye ca teṣāṃ pūrvārjitāni karmāṇy eva kāraṇāni | ahaṃ tu teṣu viṣameṣu karmasv audāīnyena sthito 'sakta iti na mayi vaiṣamyādi-doṣa-gandhaḥ | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na [Vs. 2.1.35] ity ādinā | udāsīnatve kartṛtvaṃ na siddhyed ata uktam udāsīnavad iti ||9||

BhG 9.10

śrīdharaḥ - tad evopapādayati mayeti | mayādhyakṣeṇādhiṣṭhātrā nimitta-bhūtena prakṛtiḥ sa-carācaraṃ viśvaṃ sūyate janayati | anena mad-adhiṣṭhānena hetunedaṃ jagad viparivartate punaḥ punar jāyate | sannidhi-mātreṇādhiṣṭhātṛtvāt kartṛtvam udāsīnatvaṃ cāviruddham iti bhāvaḥ ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ - bhūta-grāmam imaṃ visṛjāmy udāsīnavad āsīnam iti ca paraspara-viruddham iti śaṅkā-parihārārthaṃ punar māyāmayatvam eva prakaṭayati mayeti | mayā sarvato-dṛśi-mātra-svarūpeṇāvikriyeṇādhyakṣeṇa niyantrā bhāsakenāvabhāsitā prakṛtis triguṇātmikā sattvāsattvādibhir anirvācyā māyā sūyata utpādayati sa-carācaraṃ jagan māyāvinādhiṣṭhiteva māyā kalpita-gaja-turagādikam | na tv ahaṃ sva-kārya-māyābhāsanam antareṇa karomi vyāpārāntaram | hetunā nimittenānenādhyakṣatvena he kaunteya ! jagat sa-carācaraṃ viparivartate vividhaṃ parivartate janmādi-vināśāntaṃ dity-āder iva kartṛtvābhāvād udāsīnavad āsīnam ity uktam iti na virodhaḥ | tad uktam -

asya dvaitendra-jālasya yad upādāna-kāraṇam | ajñānaṃ tad upāśritya brahma kāraṇam ucyate || iti |

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartus tavedam audāsīnyaṃ na pratyemīty ata āha mayeti | adhyakṣeṇa mayā nimitta-bhūtena prakṛtiḥ sa-carācaraṃ jagat sūyate | prakṛtir eva jagat janayati | mamātrādhyakṣatā-mātram | yathā kasyacid ambarīṣāder iva bhūpateḥ prakṛtibhir eva rājya-kṛtyaṃ nirvāhyate | atrodāsīnasya bhūpateḥ sattā-mātram iti yathā tasya rāja-siṃhāsane sattā-mātreṇa vinā prakṛtibhiḥ kim api na śakyate kartum | tathaiva mamādhiṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇam adhyakṣatvaṃ vinā prakṛtir api jaḍā kim api kartuṃ na śaknotīti bhāvaḥ | anena mad-adhiṣṭhānena hetunedaṃ jagat viparivartate punaḥ punar

baladevaḥ - tat pratipādayati mayeti | satya-saṅkalpena prakṛty-adhyakṣeṇa mayā sarveśvareṇa jīva-pūrva-pūrva-karmānuguṇatayā vīkṣitā prakṛtiḥ sa-carācaraṃ jagat sūyate janayati | viṣama-guṇā satī anena jīva-pūrva-karmānuguṇena mad-vīkṣaṇena hetunā taj jagad viparivartate punaḥ punar udbhavati | he kaunteya | śrutiś caivam āha-

iti sannidhi-mātreṇādhiṣṭhātṛtvāt kartṛtvam udāsaniṃ ca na viruddham | yathā sannidhi-mātreṇagandhaḥ kṣobhāya jāyate ity ādi smaraṇāc caitad evaṃ mad-adhiṣṭhātṛ-mātraṃ khalu prekṛter apekṣyam | mad-vinā kim api kartuṃ na sā prabhavet na hy asati rājñaḥ siṃhāsanādhiṣṭhātṛtve tad-amātyāḥ kārye prabhavaḥ ||10||

BhG 9.11

śrīdharaḥ - nanv evaṃbhūtaṃ parameśvaraṃ tvāṃ kim iti kecin nādriyante ? tatrāha avajānantīti dvābhyām | sarva-bhūta-maheśvara-rūpaṃ madīyaṃ paraṃ bhāvaṃ tattvam ajānanto mūḍhā mūrkhā mām avajānanti mām avamanyante | avajñāne hetuḥ śuddha-sattva-mayīm api tanuṃ bhaktecchā-vaśān manuṣyākārām āśritavantam iti ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvaṃ sarva-jantūnām ātmānam ānanda-ghanam anantam api santam avajānantīti | avajānanti māṃ sākṣād īśvaro 'yam iti nādriyante nindanti vā mūḍhā avivekino janāḥ | teṣām avajñā-hetuṃ bhramaṃ sūcayati mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritaṃ manuṣyatayā pratīyamānāṃ mūrtim ātmecchayā bhaktānugrahārthaṃ gṛhītavantaṃ manuṣyatayā pratīyamānena dehena vyavaharantam iti yāvat | tataś ca manuṣyo 'yam iti bhrāntyācchāditāntaḥkaraṇā mama paraṃ bhāvaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ paāramarthikaṃ tattvaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu ca satyam ananta-koṭi-brahmāṇḍa-vyāpī saccid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ kāraṇārṇava-śāyī mahā-puruṣaḥ sva-prakṛtyā jagat sṛjatīti yaḥ prasiddhaḥ | sa eva hi bhavān | kintu vasudeva-sūnos taveyaṃ mānuṣī tanur ity etad-aṃśenaiva kecit tava nikarṣaṃ vadantīty ata āha avajānantīti | mama mānuṣyās tanor asyā paraṃ bhāvaṃ kāraṇārṇava-śāyi-mahā-puruṣādibhyo 'py utkṛṣṭaṃ svarūpam ajānanta eva te | kīdṛśam ? bhūtaṃ satyaṃ yad brahma tac ca tan maheśvaraṃ ceti | tan maheśvara-padaṃ satyāntara-vyāvartakam atra jñeyam yukte kṣmādāvṛte bhūtam iti amaraḥ |

tam ekaṃ govindaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaṃ vṛndāvana-sura-bhūruha-bhāvanāsīnaṃ satataṃ sa-marud-gaṇo 'haṃ paramayā stutyā toṣayāmi iti (GTU 1.33) śruteḥ |[*ENDNOTE]

narākṛti para-brahma iti smṛteś ca |

mamāsyā mānuṣyās tanoḥ saccid-ānanda-mayatvaṃ mad-abhijṇa-bhaktair ucyata eva, tathā sarva-brahmāṇḍa-vyāpitvaṃ ca bālye yan-mātrā śrī-yaśodayā dṛṣṭam eva | yad vā mānuṣīṃ tanum eva viśinaṣṭi param utkṛṣṭaṃ bhāvaṃ sattāṃ viśuddhaṃ sattvaṃ saccidānanda-svarūpam ity arthaḥ | bhāvaḥ sattā svabhāvābhiprāyaḥ ity amaraḥ | paraṃ bhāvam api viśinaṣṭi mama bhūta-maheśvaraṃ mama sṛjyāni bhūtāni ye brahmādyās teṣām api mahāntam īśvaram | tasmāt jīvasyeva mama parameśvarasya tanur na bhinnā | tanur evāham | aham eva tanuḥ sākṣād brahmaiva śābdaṃ brahma dadhad vapuḥ [BhP 3.21.8] iti mad-abhijña-śukokter iti bhavādṛśais tu viśvasyatām iti bhāvaḥ ||11||

baladevaḥ - nanv īdṛśa-mahimānaṃ tvāṃ kim iti kecin nādriyante ? tatrāha avajānantīti | bhūta-maheśvaraṃ nikhila-jagad-eka-svāminaṃ satya-saṅkalpaṃ sarvajñaṃ mahā-kāruṇikaṃ ca māṃ mūḍhās te 'vajānanti | atra prakāraṃ darśayan viśinaṣṭi mānuṣīm iti mānuṣa-sanniveśinīṃ mānuṣa-ceṣṭā-bahulāṃ tanuṃ śrī-mūrtim āśritaṃ tādātmya-sambandhena nityaṃ prāptaṃ mām itara-rāja-kumāra-tulyaḥ kaścid ugra-puṇyo manuṣyo 'yam iti buddhyāvamanyanta ity arthaḥ | mānuṣī tanuḥ khalu pāñcabhautikyena na ca bhagavat-tanus tādṛk sac-cid-ānanda-rūpāya kṛṣṇāya iti, tam ekaṃ govindaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham iti śravaṇāt | tathātve tad-avajñātṝṇāṃ mauḍhyāndhya-yogād brahmādi-vandyatvāyogāc ca |

evaṃ buddhis teṣāṃ kuto yayā te mūḍhā bhaṇyante ? tatrāha param iti | param asādhāraṇaṃ bhāvaṃ svabhāvam ajānantaḥ mānuṣākṛtes tasya jñānānndātmatva-sarveśatva-mokṣadatvādi-svabhāvānabhijñānād ity arthaḥ | evaṃ ca sati tanum āśritam ity ukti-viśeṣa-vibhātaṃ bheda-kāryam ādāya bodhyā | yat tu vasudeva-sūnor dvārakādhipateḥ sūtikā-gṛhāvirbhūtam eva svarūpaṃ naijaṃ caturbhujatvāt tato vrajaṃ gacchataḥ svarūpaṃ tu mānuṣaṃ dvibhujatvād ata uktam babhūva prākṛtaḥ śiśuḥ itivat | asti tan-niravadhānam mānuṣīṃ tanum āśritam iti tad-ukteḥ | tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena iti pārtha-vākyāc ca tasmān mānuṣya-saṃniveśitvam eva tat-tanor manuṣyatvam ity uktam yatrāvatīrṇaṃ kṛṣṇākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma narākṛti iti śrī-vaiṣṇave | gūḍhaṃ paraṃ brahma manuṣya-liṅgam iti śrī-bhāgavate ca | manuṣya-ceṣṭā-prācyuryāc ca tasyās tattvam | yathā manuṣyo 'pi rājā devavat siṃhavac ca viceṣṭanān nṛ-devo nṛ-siṃhaś ca vyapadiśyate |

tasmād dvibhujaś caturbhujaś ca sa manuṣya-bhāvenokta-hetu-dvayād vyapadiśyaḥ | na khalu bhuja-bhūmnā pareśatvam | kārtavīryādau vyabhicārāt | vibhu-caitanyatvaṃ jagaj janmādi-hetutvaṃ vā paraśatvam | tac ca dvibhuje tasminn asty eva tac chrutaṃ na ca dvibhujatvaṃ sādi -

iti tasyānādi-siddhatva-śravaṇāt prākṛtaḥ śiśur ity atra prakṛtyā svarūpeṇaiva vyaktaḥ śiśur ity evārthaḥ | tasmād vaidūrya-maṇau nānā-rūpāṇi iva tasmin dvibhujatvādīni yugapat siddhāny eva yathārucy-upāsyānīti śāntoditatva-nityoditatva-kalpanā dūrotsāritā ||11||

BhG 9.12

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca moghāśā iti | matto 'nyad devatāntaraṃ kṣipraṃ phalaṃ dāsyatīty evaṃ bhūtā moghā niṣphalaivāśā yeṣāṃ te | ataeva mad-vimukhatvān moghāni niṣphalāni karmāṇi yeṣāṃ te | mogham eva nānā-kutarkāśritaṃ śāstra-jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te | ataeva vicetaso vikṣipta-cittāḥ | sarvatra hetuḥ rākṣasīṃ tāmasīṃ hiṃsādi-pracurām āsurīṃ ca rājasīṃ kāma-darpādi-bahulāṃ mohinīṃ buddhi-bhraṃśa-karīṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ śritā āśritāḥ santaḥ | mām avajānantīti pūrveṇānvayaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ - te ca bhagavad-avajñāna-nindana-janita-mahā-durita-pratibaddha-buddhayo nirantaraṃ niraya-nivāsārhā eva moghāśā iti | īśvaram antareṇa karmāṇy eva naḥ phalaṃ dāsyantīty evaṃrūpā moghā niṣphalaivāśā phala-prārthanā yeṣāṃ te | ataeveśvara-vimukhatvān moghāni śrama-mātra-rūpāṇy agnihotrādīni karmāṇi yeṣāṃ te | tathā mogham īśvarāpratipādaka-kutarka-śāstra-janitaṃ jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te | kuta evaṃ yato vicetaso bhagavad-avajñāna-janita-durita-pratibaddha-viveka-vijñātāḥ | kiṃ ca te bhagavad-avajñāna-vaśād rākṣasīṃ tāmasīm avihita-hiṃsā-hetu-dveṣa-pradhānām āsurīṃ ca rājasīṃ śāstrānabhyanujñāta-viṣaya-bhoga-hetu-rāga-pradhānāṃ ca mohinīṃ śāstrīya-jñāna-bhraṃśa-hetuṃ prakṛtiṃ svabhāvam āśritā eva bhavanti | tataś ca - trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ | kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhaḥ ity ukta-naraka-dvāra-bhāgitayā naraka-yātanām eva te satatam anubhavantīty arthaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu ye mānuṣīṃ māyā-mayīṃ tanum āśrito 'yam īśvara iti matvā tvām avajānanti | teṣāṃ kā gatis tatrāha moghāśā iti | yadi bhaktā api syus tad api moghāśā bhavanti | mat-sālokyādim abhivāñchitaṃ na prāpnuvanti | yadi te karmiṇas tadā mogha-karmāṇaḥ karma-phalaṃ svargādikaṃ na labhante | yadi te jñāninas tarhi mogha-jñānā jñāna-phalaṃ mokṣaṃ na vidanti | tarhi te kiṃ prāpunvantīty ata āha rākṣasīm iti | te rākṣasīṃ prakṛtiṃ rākṣasānāṃ svabhāvaṃ śritāḥ prāptā bhavantīty arthaḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ -- nanu pāñcabhautika-mānuṣa-tanum ānugra-puṇyaḥ puru-tejāḥ ko 'py ayam iti bhāvena tvām avajānatāṃ kā gatiḥ syāt tatrāha mogheti | yadi te īśvara-bhaktā api syus tad api moghāśā niṣphala-mokṣa-vāñchāḥ syuḥ | yadi te 'gni-hotrādi-karma-niṣṭhās tadā mogha-karmāṇaḥ pariśrama-rūpāgnihotrādikāḥ syuḥ | yadi te jñānāya vedāntādi-śāstra-pariśīlanas tadā mogha-jñānā niṣphala-tad-bodhāḥ syuḥ | evaṃ kutaḥ ? yatas te vicetasaḥ | nitya-siddha-manuṣya-saṃniveśi-sākṣāt-para-brahma-mad-avajñā-janita-pāpa-pratibaddha-viveka-jñānā ity arthaḥ | ataevam uktaṃ bṛhad-vaiṣṇave-

yo vetti bhautikaṃ dehaṃ kṛṣṇasya paramātmanaḥ | sa sarvasmād bahiṣkāryaḥ śrauta-smārt a-vidhānataḥ | mukhaṃ tasyāvalokyāpi sa-celaṃ snānam ācaret || iti |

BhG 9.13

śrīdharaḥ - ke tarhi tvām ārādhayantīti | ata āha - mahātmāna iti | mahātmānaḥ kāmādy-anabhibhūta-cittāḥ | ataeva madh-vyatirekena nāsty anyasmin mano yeṣām | te tu bhūtādiṃ jagat-kāraṇam avyayaṃ ca māṃ jñātvā bhajanti ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ - bhagavad-vimukhānāṃ phala-kāmanāyās tat-prayuktasya nitya-naimittika-kāmya-karmānuṣṭhānasya tat-prayuktasya śāstrīya-jñānasya ca vaiyarthyāt pāralaukika-phala-tat-sādhana-śūnyās te | nāpy aihalaukikaṃ kiṃcit phalam asti teṣāṃ viveka-vijñāna-śūnyatayā vicetaso hi te | ataḥ sarva-puruṣārtha-bāhyāḥ śocyā eva sarveṣāṃ te varākā ity uktam | adhunā ke sarva-puruṣārtha-bhājo 'śocyā ye bhagavad-eka-śaraṇā ityucyate mahātmāna iti |

mahān aneka-janma-kṛta-sukṛtaiḥ saṃskṛtaḥ kṣudra-kāmādy-anabhibhūta ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yeṣāṃ te 'ataeva abhayaṃ sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ ity ādi-vakṣyamāṇāṃ daivīṃ sāttvikīṃ prakṛtim āśritāḥ | ataevānyasmin mad-vyatirikte nāsti mano yeṣāṃ te bhūtādiṃ sarva-jagat-kāraṇam avyayam avināśinaṃ ca mām īśvaraṃ jñātvā bhajanti sevante ||13||

viśvanātha - tasmād ye mahātmāno yādṛcchika-mad-bhakta-kṛpayā mahātmatvaṃ prāptās te tu mānuṣā api daivīṃ prakṛtiṃ devānāṃ svabhāvaṃ prāptāḥ satto māṃ mānuṣākāram eva bhajante | na vidyate 'nyatra jñāna-karmāṇy akāmanādau mano yeṣāṃ te | māṃ bhūtādiṃ mayā tatam idaṃ sarvaṃ ity ādi mad-aiśvarya-jñānena bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānāṃ kāraṇam | avyayaṃ saccidānanda-vigrahatvād anaśvaraṃ jñātveti mamāvyayatve mad-bhaktair etāvan-mātraṃ maj-jñānam apekṣitavyam | iyam eva tvaṃ padārtha-jñāna-karmādy-anapekṣā bhaktir ananyā sarva-śreṣṭhā

baladevaḥ - tarhi ke tvām ādiryante ? tatrāha mahātmāna iti | ye narākṛti-para-brahma-mat-tattvavit sat-prasaṅgena tādṛśa-man-niṣṭhayā vistīrṇāgādha-manaso madīye 'pi sahasra-śīrṣādy-ākāre 'rucayas te manuṣyā api daivīṃ prakṛtim āśritāḥ santo narākṛtiṃ māṃ madhya-bhūtādi-vidhi-rudrādi-sarva-kāraṇam avyayaṃ nityaṃ ca jñātvā niścitya bhajanti sevante | ananya-manaso narākāra eva mayi nikhāta-cittāḥ ||13||

BhG 9.14

śrīdharaḥ - teṣāṃ bhajana-prakāram āha satatam iti dvābhyām | satataṃ sarvadā stotra-mantrādibhiḥ kīrtayantaḥ kecin mām upāsate sevante | dṛḍhāni vratāni niyamā yeṣāṃ tādṛśāḥ santaḥ | yatantaś ca īśvara-pūjādiṣu indiryopasaṃhārādiṣu prayatnaṃ kurvantaḥ | kecid bhaktyā namasyantaḥ praṇamantaś ca | anye nitya-yuktā anavaratam avahitā sevante | bhaktyeti nitya-yuktā iti ca kīrtanādiṣv api draṣṭavyam ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ - te kena prakāreṇa bhajantīty ucyate dvābhyām satatam iti | satataṃ sarvadā brahma-niṣṭhaṃ gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākya-vicāreṇa gurūpasadanetara-kāle ca praṇava-japopaniṣad-āvartanādibhir māṃ sarvopaniṣat-pratipādyaṃ brahma-svarūpaṃ kīrtayanto vedānta-śāstrādhyayana-rūpa-śravaṇa-vyāpāra-viṣayīkurvanta iti yāvat | tatha dṛḍha-vratā dṛḍhāni pratipakṣaiś cālayitum aśakyāni ahiṃsā-satyāsteya-brahmacaryāparigrahādīni vratāni yeṣāṃ te śama-damādi-sādhana-sampannā iti yāvat | tathā coktaṃ patañjalinā ahiṃsāstayāsteya-brahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ [Ys 2.30] te ty jāti-deśa-kāla-samayānavacchinnāḥ sārvabhaumā mahā-vratam [Ys 2.31] iti | jātyā brāhmaṇatvādikayā deśena tīrtyādinā kālena caturdaśyādinā samayena yajñādy-anyatvenānavacchinnā ahiṃsādayaḥ sārvabhaumāḥ kṣipta-mūḍha-vikṣipta-bhūmiṣv api bhāvyamānāḥ kasyām api jātau kasminn api deśe kasminn api kāle yajñādi-prayojane 'pi hiṃsāṃ na kariṣyāmīty evaṃ-rūpeṇa kiṃcid apy aparyudasya sāmānyena pravṛttā ete mahā-vratam ity ucyante ity arthaḥ |

tathā namasyantaś ca māṃ kāya-vāṅ-manobhir namaskurvantaś ca māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ sakala-kalyāṇa-guṇa-nidhānam iṣṭa-devatā-rūpeṇa guru-rūpeṇa ca sthitam | ca-kārāt-

iti vandana-sahacaritaṃ śravaṇādy api bodhavyam | arcanaṃ pāda-sevanam ity api guru-rūpe tasmin sukaram eva |

atra mām iti punar vacanaṃ sa-guṇa-rūpa-parāmarśārtham | anyathā vaiyarthya-prasaṅgāt | tathā bhaktyā mad-viṣayeṇa pareṇa premṇā nitya-yuktāḥ sarvadā saṃyuktāḥ etena sarva-sādhana-pauṣkalyaṃ pratibandhakābhāvaś ca darśitaḥ |

patañjalinā coktaṃ tataḥ pratyak-cetanādhigamo 'py antarāyābhāvaś ca [Ys 1.29] iti | tata īśvara-praṇidhānāt pratyak-cetanasya tvaṃ-poada-lakṣyasyādhigamaḥ sākṣātkāro bhavati | antarāyāṇāṃ vighnānāṃ cābhāvo bhavatīti sūtrasyārthaḥ |

tad evaṃ śama-damādi-sādhana-sampannā vedānta-śravaṇa-manana-parāyaṇāḥ parameśvare parama-gurau premṇā namaskārādinā ca vigata-vighnāḥ paripūrṇa-sarva-sādhanāḥ santo mām upāsate vijātīya-pratyayānantaritena sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāheṇa śravaṇa-mananottara-bhāvinā satataṃ cintayanti mahātmānaḥ | anena nididhyāsanaṃ carama-sādhanaṃ darśitam | etādṛśa-sādhana-pauṣkalye sati yad vedānta-vākyajam akhaṇḍa-gocaraṃ sākṣātkāra-rūpam ahaṃ brahmāsmīti jñānaṃ tat-sarva-śaṅkā-kalaṅkāspaṣṭaṃ sarva-sādhana-phala-bhūtaṃ svotpatti-mātreṇa dīpa iva tamaḥ sakalam ajñānaṃ tat-kāryaṃ ca nāśayatīti nirapekṣam eva sākṣān-mokṣa-hetur na tu bhūmi-jaya-krameṇa bhrū-madhye prāṇa-praveśanaṃ mūrdhanyayā nāḍyā prāṇotkramaṇam arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa brahma-loka-gamanaṃ tad-bhogānta-kāla-vilambaṃ vā pratīkṣate | ato yat-prāk-pratijñātam idaṃ tu te guhyatamaṃ pravakṣyāmy uanasūyave jñānam iti tad etad uktam | phalaṃ cāsyāśubhān mokṣaṇaṃ prāg uktam evetīha punar noktam | evam atrāyaṃ gambhīro bhagavato 'bhiprāyaḥ | uttānārthyas tu prakaṭa eva ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ - bhajantīty uktam | tad-bhajanam eva kim ity ata āha satataṃ sadeti nātra karma-yoga iva kāla-deśa-pātra-śuddhādy-apekṣā kartavyety arthaḥ |

na deśa-niyamas tatra na kāla-niyamas tatha | nocchiṣṭhādau niṣedho ' sti śrī-harer nāmni lubdhaka || iti smṛteḥ |

yatanto yatamānaḥ | yathā kuṭumba-pālanārthaṃ dīnā gṛhasthā dhanika-dvārādau dhanārthaṃ yatante, tathaiva mad-bhaktāḥ kīrtanādi-bhakti-prāpty-arthaṃ bhakta-sabhādau yatante. prāpya ca bhaktim adhīyamānam śāstram paṭhata iva punaḥ punar abhyasyanti ca | etāvanti nāma-grahaṇāni, etāvatyaḥ praṇatayaḥ, etāvatyaḥ paricaryāś cāvaśya-kartavyā ity evaṃ dṛḍhāni vratāni niyamā yeṣāṃ te. yad vā, dṛḍhāny apatitāny ekādaśy-ādi-vratāni niyamā yeṣāṃ te.| namasyantaś ca ca-kāraḥ śravaṇa-pāda-sevanādy-anukta-sarva-bhakti-saṅgrahārthaḥ | nitya-yuktā bhāvinaṃ man-nitya-saṃyogam ākāṅkṣanta āśaṃsāyāṃ bhūtavac ceti vartamāne 'pi bhūta-kālikaḥ kta-pratyayaḥ | atra māṃ kīrtayanta eva mām upāsata iti mat-kīrtanādikam eva mad-upāsanam iti vākyārthaḥ | ato mām iti na paunruktyam āśaṅkanīyam ||14||

baladevaḥ - bhakti-prakāram āha satatam iti dvayena | satataṃ sarvadā deśa-kālādi-viśuddhi-nairapekṣeṇa māṃ kīrtayantaḥ sudhā-madhurāṇi mama kalyāṇa-guṇa-karmānubandhīni govinda-govardhanoddharaṇādīni nāmāny uccair uccārayanto mām upāsate | namasyantaśc a mad-arcanā-niketeṣu gatvā dhūli-paṅkāpteṣu bhū-taleṣu daṇḍavat-praṇipatanto bhaktyā prīti-bhareṇa | kīrtayanto mām upāsata iti mat-kīrtanādikam eva mad-upāsanam iti vākyārthaḥ | ato mām iti na paunaruktyam | ca-śabdo 'nuktānāṃ śravaṇārcana-vandanādīnāṃ samuccāyakaḥ | yatantaḥ samānāśayaiḥ sādhubhiḥ sārdhaṃ mat-svarūpa-guṇādi-yāthātmya-nirṇayāya yatamānāḥ | dṛḍha-vratā dṛḍhāny askhalitāny ekādaśī-janmāṣṭamy-upoṣaṇādīni vratāni yeṣāṃ te | nitya-yuktā bhāvinaṃ man-nitya-saṃyogaṃ vāñchantaḥ āśaṃsāyāṃ bhūtavac ca [Pāṇ 3.3.132] iti sūtrād vartamāne 'pi bhūta-kālika-kta-pratyayaḥ ||14||

BhG 9.15

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca jñāneti | vāsudevaḥ sarvam ity evaṃ sarvātmatva-darśanaṃ jñānam | tad eva yajñaḥ | tena jñāna-yajñena māṃ yajantaṃ pūjayanto 'nye 'py upāsate | tatrāpi kecid ekatvenābheda-bhāvanayā | kecit pṛthaktvena pṛthag-bhāvanayā dāso 'ham iti | kecit tu viśvato-mukhaṃ sarvātmakaṃ māṃ bahudhā brahma-rudrādi-rūpeṇopāsate ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīṃ ye evam ukta-śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanāsamarthās te 'pi vividhā uttamā madhyamā mandāś ceti sarve 'pi svānurūpyeṇa mām upāsata ity āha jñāna-yajñeneti | anye pūrvokta-sādhanānuṣṭhānāsamarthā jñāna-yajñena tvaṃ vā aham asmi bhagavo devate ahaṃ vai tvam asi ity ādi-śruty-uktam ahaṅgrahopāsanaṃ jñānaṃ sa eva parameśvara-yajana-rūpatvād yajñas tena | ca-kāra evārthe | api-śabdaḥ sādhanāntara-tyāgārthaḥ | kecit sādhanāntara-nispṛhāḥ santa upāsyopāsakābheda-cintā-rūpeṇa jñāna-yajñenaikatvena bheda-vyāvṛttyā mām evopāsate cintayanty uttamāḥ | anye tu kecin madhyamāḥ pṛthaktvenopāsyopāsakayor bhedena ādityo brahmety ādeśaḥ [ChāU 3.19.1] ity ādi-śruty-uktena pratīkopāsana-rūpeṇa jñāna-yajñena mām evopāsate | anye tv ahaṅgrahopāsane pratīkopāsane vāsamarthāḥ kecin mandā kāṃcid anyāṃ devatāṃ copāsīnāḥ kānicit karmāṇi vā kurvāṇā bahudhā tais tair bahubhiḥ prakārair viśva-rūpaṃ sarvātmānaṃ māma evopāsate | tena tena jñāna-yajñeneti uttarottarāṇāṃ krameṇa pūrva-pūrva-bhūmi-lābhaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tad evam atrādhyāye pūrvādhyāye cānanya-bhakta eva mahātma-śabda-vācya ārtādi-sarva-bhaktebhyo nyūnāḥ | ahaṅgrahopāsakāḥ pratīkopāsakā viśvarūpopāsakās tān darśayati jñāna-yajñeneti | anye na mahātmanaḥ pūrvokta-sādhanānuṣṭhānāsamarthaḥ ity arthaḥ | jñāna-yajñena tvaṃ vā aham asmi bhagavo devatā ahaṃ vai tvam asi ity ādi śruty-uktam ahaṅgrahopāsanaṃ jñānam | sa eva parameśvara-yajana-rūpatvād yajñas tena | ca-kāra evārthe | api śabdaḥ sādhanāntara-tyāgārthaḥ | ekatvena upāsyopāsakayor abheda-cintana-rūpeṇa | tato 'pi nyūnā anye pṛthaktvena bheda-cintana-rūpeṇa ādityo brahmety-ādeśaḥ [ChāU 3.19.1] ity ādi śruty-uktena pratīkopāsanena jñāna-yajñena | anye tato 'pi mandā bahudhā bahubhiḥ prakārair viśvatomukhaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvātmānaṃ māma evopāsate iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādānāṃ vyākhyā |

atra nādevo devam arcayet iti tāntrika-dṛṣṭyā gopālo 'ham iti bhāvanāvattve yā gopālopāsanā sā ahaṅgrahopāsanā | tathā yaḥ parameśvaro viṣṇuḥ sa hi sūrya eṣa nānyaḥ | sa hi indra eva nānyaḥ | sa hi soma eva nānyaḥ ity evaṃ bhedenaikasyā eva bhagavad-vibhūter yā upāsanā sā pratīkopāsanā | viṣṇuḥ sarva iti samasta-vibhūty-upāsanā viśvarūpopāsaneti jñāna-yajñasya traividhyam | yad vā ekatvena pṛthaktvena ity eka eva ahaṅgrahopāsanā gopālo 'haṃ gopālasya dāso 'ham ity ubhaya-bhāvanā-mayī samudra-gāminī nadīva samudra-bhinno 'bhinnā ceti | tadā ca jñāna-yajñasya traividhyam ||15||

baladevaḥ -- evaṃ kevala-svarūpa-niṣṭhān kīrtanādi-śuddha-bhakti-pradhānān mahātma-śabditān abhidhāya guṇī-bhūta-tat-kīrtanādi-jñāna-pradhānān bhaktān āha jñāneti | pūrvato 'nye kecana bhaktāḥ pūrvoktena kīrtanādi-jñāna-yajñena ca yajanto mām upāsate | tatra prakāram āha bahudhā bahu-prakāreṇa pṛthaktvena prapañcākāreṇa pradhāna-mahad-ādyātmanā viśvatomukham indrādi-daivatātmanā cāvasthitaṃ mām ekatvenopāsate | ayam atra niṣkarṣaḥ - sūkṣma-cid-acic-chaktimān satya-saṅkalpaḥ kṛṣṇo bahu syām iti svīyena saṅkalpena sthūla-cid-acic-chaktimān eka eva brahmādi-stambānta-vicitra-jagad-rūpatayāvatiṣṭhata ity anusandhinā tādṛśasya mama kīrtanādinā ca mām upāsata iti ||15||

BhG 9.16-19

ahaṃ kratur ahaṃ yajñaḥ svadhāham aham auṣadham

śrīdharaḥ - sarvātmatāṃ prapañcayati ahaṃ kratur iti caturbhiḥ | kratuḥ śrauto 'gniṣṭomādiḥ | yajñaḥ smārtaḥ pañca-mahā-yajñādiḥ | svadhā pitry-arthaṃ śrāddhādiḥ | auṣadham auṣadhi-prabhavam annam | bheṣajaṃ vā | mantro yājya-purodho-vākyādiḥ | ājyaṃ homādi-sādhanam | agnir āhavanīyādiḥ | hutaṃ homaḥ | etat sarvam aham eva ||16||

kiṃ ca piteti | dhātā karma-phala-vidhātā | vedyaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu | pavitraṃ śodhakam | prāyaścittātmakaṃ vā | oṅkāraḥ praṇavaḥ | ṛg-ādayo vedāś cāham eva | spaṣṭam anyat ||17||

kiṃ ca gatir iti | gamyata iti gatiḥ phalam | bhartā poṣaṇa-kartā | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāso bhoga-sthānam | śaraṇaṃ rakṣakaḥ | suhṛd dhita-kartā | prakarṣeṇa bhavaty aneneti prabhavaḥ sraṣṭā | pralīyate 'neneti pralayaḥ saṃhartā | tiṣṭhaty asminn iti sthānam ādhāraḥ | nidhīyate 'sminn iti nidhānaṃ laya-sthānam | bījaṃ kāraṇam | tathāpy avyayam avināśi | na tu brīhy-ādi-bījavan naśvaram ity arthaḥ ||18||

kiṃ ca tapāmy aham iti | ādityātmanā sthitvā nidāgha-kāle tapāmi jagatas tāpaṃ karomi | vṛṣṭi-samaye ca varṣam utsṛjāmi vimuñcāmi | kadācit tu varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmy ākarṣāmi | amṛtaṃ jīvanaṃ mṛtyuś ca nāśaḥ | sat sthūlaṃ dṛśyam | asac ca sūkṣma-dṛśyam | etaṃ sarvam aham eveti | evaṃ matvā mām eva bahudhopāsata iti pūrvenaivānvayaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ - yadi bahudhopāsate tarhi kathaṃ tvām evety āśaṅkyātmano viśvarūpatvaṃ prapañcayati caturbhiḥ aham iti | sarvasva-rūpo 'ham iti vaktavye tat tad eka-deśa-kathanam avayutyānuvādena vaiśvānare dvādaśaka-pāle 'ṣṭākapālatvādi-kathanavat | kratuḥ śrauto 'gniṣṭomādiḥ | yajñāḥ smārto vaiśvadevādir mahā-yajñatvena śruti-smṛti-prasiddhaḥ | svadhā 'nnaṃ pitṛbhyo dīyamānam | auṣadham auṣadhi-prabhavam annaṃ sarvaiḥ prāṇibhir bhujyamānaṃ bheṣajaṃ vā | mantro yājyāpuronuvākyādir yenoddiśya havir dīyate devebhyaḥ | ājyaṃ ghṛtaṃ sarva-havir upalakṣaṇam idam | agnir āhavanīyādir haviṣprakṣepādhikaraṇam | hutaṃ havanaṃ haviṣprakṣepaḥ etat sarvam ahaṃ parameśvara eva | etad ekaika-jñānam api bhagavad-upāsanam iti kathayituṃ pratyekam ahaṃ-śabdaḥ | kriyā-kāraka-phala-jātaṃ kim api bhagavad atiriktaṃ nāstīti saumāyārthaḥ ||16||

kiṃ ca | asya jagataḥ sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya pitā janayitā | mātā janayitrī | dhātā poṣayitā tat-tat-karma-phala-vidhātā vā | pitāmahaḥ pituḥ pitā | vedyaṃ vedayitavyaṃ vastu | pūyate 'neneti pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ śuddhi-hetur gaṅgā-snāna-gāyatrī-japādi | veditavye brahmaṇi vedana-sādhanam oṃkāraḥ | niyatākṣara-pādā ṛk | gīti-viśiṣṭā saiva sāma | sāma-padaṃ tu gīti-mātrasyaivābhidhāyakam ity anyat | gīti-rahitam aniyatākṣaraṃ yajuḥ | etat trividhaṃ mantra-jātaṃ karmopayogi | ca-kārād atharvāṅgiraso 'pi gṛhyante | eva-kāro 'ham evety avadhāraṇārthaḥ ||17||

kiṃ ca gatir iti | gamyata iti gatiḥ karma-phalam | brahmā viśva-sṛjo dharmo mahān avyaktam eva ca |

bhartā poṣṭā sukha-sādhanasyaiva dātā | prabhuḥ svāmī madīyo 'yam iti svīkartā | sākṣī sarva-prāṇināṃ śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivasanty asminn iti nivāso bhoga-sthānam | śīryate duḥkham asminn iti śaraṇaṃ prapannānām ārti-hṛt | suhṛt pratyupakārānapekṣaḥ sannupakārī | prabhava utpattiḥ | pralayo vināśaḥ | sthānaṃ sthitḥ | yad vā prakarṣeṇa bhavanty aneneti prabhavaḥ sraṣṭā | prakarṣeṇa līyante 'neneti pralayaḥ saṃhartā | tiṣṭhanty asminn iti sthānam ādhāraḥ | nidhīyate nikṣipyate tat-kāla-bhogyatayā kālāntaropabhogyaṃ vastv asminn iti nidhānaṃ sūkṣma-rūpa-sarva-vastv-adhikaraṇaṃ pralaya-sthānam iti yāvat | śaṅkha-padmādi-nidhir vā | bījam utpatti-kāraṇam | avyayam avināśi na tu brīhy-ādivad vinaśvaram | tenānādy-anantaṃ yat kāraṇaṃ tad apy aham eveti pūrveṇaiva sambandhaḥ ||18||

kiṃ ca tapāmy aham iti | tapāmy aham ādityaḥ san | tataś ca tāpa-vaśād ahaṃ varṣaṃ pūrva-vṛṣṭi-rūpaṃ rasaṃ pṛthivyā nigṛhṇāmy ākarṣāmi kaiścid raśmibhir aṣṭasu māseṣu | punas tam eva nigṛhītaṃ rasaṃ caturṣu māseṣu kaiścid raśmibhir utsṛjāmi ca vṛṣṭi-rūpeṇa prakṣipāmi ca bhūmau | amṛtaṃ ca devānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ jīvanaṃ vā | eva-kārasyāham ity anena sambandhaḥ | mṛtyuś ca martyānāṃ sarva-prāṇināṃ vināśo vā | sat yat sambandhitayā yad vidyate tat tatra sat | asac ca yat-sambandhitayā yac ca vidyate tat tatrāsat | etaṃ sarvam aham eva he 'rjuna | tasmāt sarvātmānaṃ māṃ viditvā sva-svādhikārānusāreṇa bahubhiḥ prakārair mām evopāsata ity upapannam ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ --- bahudhopāsate kathaṃ tvām evety āśaṅkyātmano viśvarūpatvaṃ prapañcayati caturbhiḥ | kratuḥ śrauto 'gniṣṭomādiḥ yajñaḥ smārto vaiśvadevādiḥ | auṣadham auṣadhi-prabhavam annam | pitā vyaṣṭi-samaṣṭi-sarva-jagad-utpādanāt | mātā jagato 'sya svakukṣi-madhya eva dhāraṇāt | dhātā jagato 'sya poṣaṇāt | pitāmahaḥ jagat sraṣṭuḥ brahmaṇo 'pi janakatvāt | vedyaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu | pavitraṃ śodhakaṃ vastu | gatiḥ phalam | bhartā patiḥ | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāsa āspadam | śaraṇaṃ vipadbhyas trātā | suhṛn nirupādhi-hita-kārī | prabhavādyāḥ sṛṣṭi-saṃhāra-sthitayaḥ kriyāś cāham | nidhānaṃ nidhiḥ padma-śaṅkhādiḥ | bījaṃ kāraṇam | avyayam avināśi na tu brīhy-ādivan naśvaram ||16-18||

ādityo bhūtvā nidāghe tapāmi prāvṛṣi varṣam utsṛjāmi | kadācic caiva graha-rūpeṇa varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi ca | amṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ mṛtyuḥ saṃsāraḥ | sad asat sthūla-sūkṣmaḥ | etat sarvam aham eveti matvā viśvatomukhaṃ mām upāsata iti pūrvenānvayaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ - aham eva jaga-rūpatayāvasthita ity etat pradarśayati aham iti caturbhiḥ | kratur jyotiṣṭomādiḥ śrauto, yajño vaiśvadevādiḥ smārtaḥ | svadhā pitr-arthe śrāddhādiḥ | auṣadham bheṣajam auṣadhi-prabhavam annaṃ vā | mantro yājyāpuro nu vākyādir yenoddiśya havir devebhyo dīyate | ājyaṃ ghṛta-homādi-sādhanam | agnir homādi-kāraṇam āhavanīyādiḥ | hutaṃ homo haviḥ-prakṣepaḥ | etat sarvātmanāham evāsthitaḥ | pitāham iti | asya sthira-carasya jagatas tatra tatra pitṛtvena mātṛtvena pitāmahatvena cāham eva sthitaḥ | dhātā dhārakatvena poṣakatvena ca tatra tatra sthito rājādiś cāham eva cid-acic-chaktimatas tad-antaryāmiṇo mat teṣām anatirekāt vedyaṃ jñeyaṃ vastu pavitraṃ śuddhikaraṃ gaṅgādi-vāri | jñeye brahmaṇi jñāna-hetur oṅkāraḥ sarva-veda-bīja-bhūtaḥ | ṛg-ādis trividho vedaś ca-śabdād atharva ca grāhyam | teṣu niyatākṣaraḥ pādā ṛk, saiva gīti-viśiṣṭā sāma, sāma-padaṃ tu gītimātrasyaiva vācakam ity anyat | gīti-śūnyam amitākṣaraṃ yajuḥ | etat trividhaṃ karmopayogi-mantra-jātam aham evety arthaḥ |

gatiḥ sādhya-sādhana-bhūtā gamyata iyam anayā ca iti nirukteḥ | bhartā patiḥ | prabhur niyantā | sākṣī śubhāśubha-draṣṭā | nivāso bhoga-sthānaṃ nivasaty atra iti nirukteḥ | śaraṇaṃ prapannārti-hṛta śīrṣyate duḥkham asmin iti nirukteḥ | suhṛn nimitta-hita-kṛt | prabhavādyāḥ svarga-pralaya-sthitayaḥ kriyāḥ | nidhānaṃ nidhir mahā-padmādir nava-vidhaḥ | bījaṃ kāraṇam avyayam avināśi | na tu brīhy-ādivad vināśi |

tapāmīti | sūrya-rūpeṇāham eva nidāghe jagat tapāmi | prāvṛṣi varṣam jalaṃ visṛjāmi megha-rūpeṇa varṣaṃ nigṛhṇāmi ākarṣāmi | amṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ | mṛtyuḥ saṃsāraḥ | sat sthūlaṃ | asat sūkṣmam | etat sarvam aham eva tathā caivaṃ bahuvidha-nāma-rūpāvastha-nikhila-jagad-rūpatayā sthita eka eva śaktimān vāsudeva ity ekatvānusandhinā jñāna-yajñena caike yajanto mām upāsate ||16-19||

BhG 9.20

śrīdharaḥ - tad evam avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā ity ādi śloka-dvayena kṣipra-phalāśayā devatāntaraṃ yajanto māṃ nādriyanta ity abhaktā darśitāḥ | mahātmānas tu māṃ pārthety ādinā ca mad-bhaktā uktāḥ | tatraikatvena pṛthaktvena vā ye parameśvaraṃ na bhajanti teṣāṃ janma-mṛtyu-pravāho durvāra ity āha traividyā iti dvābhyām | ṛg yajuḥ sāma lakṣaṇās tisro vidyāyeṣāṃ te trividyāḥ | trividyā eva traividyāḥ | svārthe tad-dhitaḥ | trisro vidyā adhīyate jānanti vā | traividyā veda-trayokta-karma-parāḥ ity arthaḥ | veda-traya-vihita-yajñair mām iṣṭvā mamaiva rūpaṃ devatānataram ity ajānanto 'pi vastuta indrādi-rūpeṇa mām eveṣṭvā sampūjya | yajña-śeṣaṃ somaṃ pibantīti somapāḥ | tenaiva pūta-pāpāḥ śodhita-kalmaṣāḥ santaḥ svargatiṃ svargaṃ prati gatiṃ ye prārthayante te puṇya-phala-rūpaṃ surendra-lokaṃ svargam āsādya prāpya | divi svarge | divyānuttamān devānāṃ bhogān | aśnanti bhuñjate ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ - evam ekatvena pṛthaktvena bahudhā ceti trividhā api niṣkāmāḥ santo bhagavantam upāsīnāḥ sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa krameṇa mucyante | ye tu sakāmāḥ santo na kenāpi prakāreṇa bhagavantam upāsate kintu sva-sva-kāma-sādhanāni kāmyāny eva karmāṇy anutiṣṭhanti te sattva-śodhakābhāvena jñāna-sādhanam anadhirūṇāḥ punaḥ punar janma-maraṇa-prabandhena sarvadā saṃsāra-duḥkham evānubhavantīty āha traividyeti dvābhyām |

ṛg-veda-yajur-veda-sāma-veda-lakṣaṇā hautrādhvarya-vaudgātra-pratipatti-hetavas tisro vidyā yeṣāṃ te tri-vidyās tri-vidyā eva svārthika-tad-dhitena traividyās tisro vidyā vidantīt vā veda-traya-vido yājñikā yajñair agniṣṭomādibhiḥ krameṇa savana-traye vasu-rudrād ity arūpiṇaṃ mām īśvaram iṣṭvā tad-rūpeṇa mām ajānanto 'pi vastu-vṛttena pūjayitvābhiṣutya hutvā ca somaṃ pibantīti somapāḥ santas tenaiva soma-pānena pūta-pāpā nirasta-svarga-bhoga-pratibandhaka-pāpāḥ sakāmatayā svar-gatiṃ prārthayante na tu sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatty-ādi | te divi svarge loke puṇyaṃ puṇya-phalaṃ sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ surendra-lokaṃ śata-kratoḥ sthānam āsādya divyān manuṣyair

viśvanāthaḥ --- evaṃ trividhopāsanāvanto 'pi bhaktā eva mām eva parameśvaraṃ jānanto mucyante | ye tu karmiṇas te na mucyanta evety āha dvābhyāṃ traividyā iti | ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-lakṣaṇās tisro vidyā adhīyante jānanti vā traividyā veda-trayokta-karma-parā ity arthaḥ | yajñair mām iṣṭvendrādayo mamaiva rūpāṇi ity ajānanto 'pi vastuta indrādi-rūpeṇa mām eveṣṭvā yajña-śeṣaṃ somaṃ pibantīti somapās te puṇyaṃ prāpya ||20||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ svabhaktānāṃ vṛttam abhidhāya teṣām eva viśeṣaṃ bodhayituṃ sva-vimukhānāṃ vṛttim āha traividyā iti dvābhyām | tisṝṇāṃ vidyānāṃ samāhāras trividyaṃ | tad ye 'dhīyante vidanti ca te traividyāḥ | tad adhīte tad veda iti sūtrād aṇ | ṛg-yajuḥ-sāmokta-karma-parā ity arthaḥ | trayī-vihitair jyotiṣṭomādibhir yajñair mām iṣṭvendrādayo mamaiva rūpāṇy avidvanto 'pi vastutas tat-tad-rūpeṇāvasthitaṃ mām evāradhyety arthaḥ | somapā yajña-śeṣaṃ somaṃ pibantaḥ | pūta-pāpā vinaṣṭ-svargādi-prāpti-virodha-kalmaṣāḥ santo ye svargatiṃ prārthayante te puṇyam ity ādi visphuṭārthaḥ | mayaiva dattam iti śeṣaḥ ||20||

BhG 9.21

śrīdharaḥ - tataś ca te tam iti | te svarga-kāmās taṃ prārthitaṃ vipulaṃ svarga-lokaṃ tat-sukhaṃ bhuktvā bhoga-prāpake puṇye kṣīṇe sati martya-lokaṃ viśanti | punar apy evam eva veda-traya-vihitaṃ dharmam anugatāḥ kāma-kāmā bhogān kāmayamānā gatāgataṃ yātāyātaṃ labhante ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ - tataḥ kim aniṣṭam iti tadāha te tam iti | te sakāmās taṃ kāmyena puṇyena prāptaṃ viśālaṃ vistīrṇaṃ svarga-lokaṃ bhuktvā tad-bhoga-janake puṇye kṣīṇe sati tad-deha-nāśāt punar deha-grahaṇāya martya-lokaṃ viśanti punar garbha-vāsādi-yātanā anubhavantīty arthaḥ | punaḥ punar evam ukta-prakāreṇa | hiḥ prasiddhy-arthaḥ | traidharmyaṃ hautrādhvaryavaudgātra-dharma-trayāha jyotirṣṭomādikaṃ kāmyaṃ karma | trayī-dharmam iti pāṭhe 'pi trayyā veda-trayeṇa pratipāditaṃ dharmam iti sa evārthaḥ | anupapannā anādau saṃsāre pūrva-pratipatty-apekṣayānu-śabdaḥ | pūrva-pratipatty-anantaraṃ manuṣya-lokam āgatya punaḥ pratipannāḥ | kāma-kāmā divyān bhogān kāmayamānā evaṃ gatāgataṃ labhante karma kṛtvā svargaṃ yānti tata āgatya punaḥ karma kurvantīty evaṃ garbha-vāsādi-yātanā-pravāhas teṣām aniśam anuvartata ity abhiprāyaḥ ||21||

BhG 9.22

śrīdharaḥ - mad-bhaktās tu mat-prasādena kṛtārthā bhavantīty āha ananyāḥ iti | ananyā nāsti mad-vyatirekeṇānyat kāmayaṃ yeṣāṃ te | tathābhūtā ye janā māṃ cintayantaḥ sevante teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ sarvadā mad-eka-niṣṭhānāṃ yogaṃ dhanādi-lābhaṃ kṣemaṃ ca tat-pālanaṃ mokṣaṃ vā | tair aprārthitam apy aham eva vahāmi prāpayāmi ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ - niṣkāmāḥ samyag-darśinas tu ananyā iti | anyo bheda-dṛṣṭi-viṣayo na vidyate yaṣāṃ te 'nanyāḥ sarvādvaita-darśinaḥ sarva-bhoga-niḥspṛhāḥ | aham eva bhagavān vāsudevaḥ sarvātmā na mad-vyatiriktaṃ kiṃcid astīti jñātvā tam eva pratyañcaṃ sadā cintayanto māṃ nārāyaṇam ātatvena ye janāḥ sādhana-catuṣṭaya-sampannāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ pari sarvato 'navacchinnatayā paśyanti te mad-ananyatayā kṛtakṛtyā eveti śeṣaḥ |

advaita-darśana-niṣṭhānām atyanta-niṣkāmānāṃ teṣāṃ svayam aprayatamānāṃ kathaṃ yoga-kṣemau syātām ity ata āha teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ nityam anavaratam ādareṇa dhyāne vyāpṛtānāṃ deha-yātrā-mātrārtham apy aprayatamānānāṃ yogaṃ ca kṣemaṃ ca | alabdhasya lābhaṃ labdhasya parirakṣaṇaṃ ca śarīra-sthity-arthaṃ yoga-kṣemam akāmayamānānām api vahāmi prāpayāmy ahaṃ sarveśvaraḥ |

teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yukta eka-bhaktir viśiṣyate |

viśvanāthaḥ --- mad-ananya-bhaktānāṃ sukhaṃ tu na karma-prāpyaṃ kintu mad-dattam evety āha ananyā iti | nityam eva sadaivābhiyuktānāṃ paṇḍitānām iti tad anye nityam apaṇḍitā iti bhāvaḥ | yad vā nitya-saṃyoga-spṛhāvatāṃ yogo dhanādi-lābhaḥ kṣemaṃ tat-pālanaṃ ca tair tair anapekṣitam apy aham eva vahāmy atra karomīty aprayujya vahāmīti prayogāt teṣāṃ śarīra-poṣaṇa-bhāro mayaivohyate yathā svakalatra-putrādi-poṣaṇa-bhāro gṛhastheneti bhāvaḥ | na ca anyeṣām iva teṣām api yoga-kṣemaṃ karma-prāpyam evety ata ātmārāmasya sarvetodāsīnasya parameśvarasya tava kiṃ tad-vahaneneti vācyam | bhaktir asya bhajanaṃ tad ihāmutropādhi-nairāsyenāmuṣmin manaḥ-kalpanam etad eva naiṣkarmyam | iti śruter mad-anya-bhaktānāṃ niṣkāmatvena naiṣkarmyāt teṣu dṛṣṭaṃ sukhaṃ mad-dattam eva | tatra mama sarvatrodāsīnasyāpi sva-bhakta-vātsalyam eva hetur jñeyaḥ | na caivaṃ tvayi sveṣṭa-deve sva-nirvāha-bhāraṃ dadānās te bhaktāḥ prema-śūnyā iti vācyam | tair mayi sva-bhārasya sarvathaivānarpaṇāt mayaiva svecchayā grahaṇāt | na ca saṅkalpa-mātreṇa viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādi kartuṃ mamāyaṃ bhāro jñeyaḥ | yad vā bhakta-janāsaktasya mama sva-bhogya-kāntābhāra-vahanam iva tadīya-yoga-kṣema-vahanam

baladevaḥ - atha sva-bhaktānāṃ viśeṣaa nirūpayati ananyā iti | ye janā ananyā mad-eka-prayojanā māṃ cintayanto dhyāyantaḥ paritaḥ kalyāṇa-guṇa-ratnāśrayatayā vicitrādbhuta-līlā-pīyūṣāśrayatayā divya-vihbūty-āśrayatayā copāsate bhajanti teṣāṃ nityaṃ sarvadaiva mayy abhiyuktānāṃ vismṛta-deha-yātrāṇām aham eva yoga-kṣemam annādy-āharaṇaṃ tat-saṃrakṣaṇaṃ ca vahāmi | atra karomīty anuktvā vahāmīty uktis tu tat-poṣaṇa-bhāro mayaiva voḍhavyo gṛhasthasyeva kuṭumba-poṣaṇa-bhāra iti vyanakti | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ svāminaḥ phala-śruter ity ātreyaḥ [Vs 3.4.44] iti | atrāhuḥ teṣāṃ nityaṃ mayā sārdham abhiyogaṃ vāñchatāṃ yogaṃ mat-prāpti-lakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaṃ ca matto 'punar-āvṛtti-lakṣaṇam aham eva vahāmi | teṣāṃ mat-prāpaṇa-bhāro mamaiva | na tv arcir-āder deva-gaṇasyeti | evam evābhidhāsyati dvādaśe - ye tu sarvāṇi karmāṇi ity ādi-dvayena | sūtrakāro 'py evam āha viśeṣaṃ ca darśayati [Vs 4.3.16] iti ||22||

BhG 9.23

śrīdharaḥ - nanu ca tvad-vyatirekeṇa vastuto devatāntarasyābhāvādindrādi-sevino 'pi tvad-bhaktā eveti kathaṃ te gatāgataṃ labheran ? tatrāha ye 'pīti | śraddhayopetā bhaktāḥ santo ye janā anya-devatā indrādi-rūpā yajante te 'pi mām eva yajantīti satyaṃ kintu avidhi-pūrvakam | mokṣa-prāpakaṃ vidhiṃ vinā yajanti | atas te punar āvartante ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanv anyā api devatās tvam eva tvad-vyatiriktasya vastv-antarasyābhāvāt | tathā ca devatāntara-bhaktā api tvām eva bhajanta iti na ko 'pi viśeṣaḥ syāt | tena gatāgataṃ kāma-kāmā vasu-rudrādityādi-bhaktā labhante | ananyāś cintayanto māṃ tu kṛta-kṛtyā iti katham uktaṃ tatrāha ye 'pīti | yathā mad-bhaktā mām eva yajanti tathā ye 'nya-devatānāṃ vasv-ādīnāṃ bhaktā yajante jyotiṣṭomādibhiḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyā 'nvitāḥ | te 'pi mad-bhaktā iva he kaunteya tat-tad-devatā-rūpeṇa sthitaṃ mām eva yajanti pūjayanti | avidhi-pūrvakam avidhir ajñānaṃ tat-pūrvakaṃ sarvātmatvena mām ajñātvā mad-bhinnatvena vastv-ādīn kalapayitvā yajantīty arthaḥ ||23||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu ca jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye ity anena tvayā svasyaivopāsanā trividhoktā | tatra bahudhā viśvato-mukham iti tṛtīyāyā upāsanāyā jñāpanārtham | ahaṃ kratur ahaṃ yajñaḥ ity ādi svasya viśva-rūpatvaṃ darśitaṃ | ataḥ karma-yogena karmāṅga-bhūtendrādi-yājakās tathā prādhānyenaiva devatāntara-bhaktā api tvad-bhaktā eva | kathaṃ tarhi te na mucyante ? yad uktaṃ tvayā gatāgataṃ kāma-kāmā labhante iti | antavat tu phalaṃ teṣām iti ca | tatrāha ye 'pīti satyaṃ mām eva yajantīti | kintv avidhi-pūrvakam mat-prāpakaṃ vidhiṃ vinaiva yajanty ataḥ punar āvartante ||23||

baladevaḥ - nanv indrādi-yājino 'pi vastutas tvad-yājina eva teṣāṃ kuto gatāgatam iti cet tatrāha ye 'pīti | ye janā anya-devatā-bhaktāḥ kevaleṣv indrādiṣu bhaktimantaḥ śraddhayā ataeva phala-pradā iti dṛḍha-viśvāsenopetāḥ santo yajante yajñais tān arcayanti | te 'pi mām eva yajanti iti satyam etat | kintv avidhi-pūrvakaṃ te yajanti yena vidhinā gatāgata-nivartakā mat-prāptiḥ syāt taṃ vidhiṃ vinaiva | atas tat te labhante ||23||

BhG 9.24

śrīdharaḥ - etad eva vivṛṇoti aham iti | sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ tat-tad-devatā-rūpeṇāham eva bhoktā | prabhuś ca svāmī | phala-dātā cāpy aham evety arthaḥ | evambhūtaṃ māṃ te tattvena yathāvan nābhijānanti | ataś cyavanti pracyavante punar āvartante | ye tu sarva-devatāsu mām evātaryāminaṃ paśyanto yajanti te tu nāvartante ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ - avidhi-pūrvakatvaṃ vivṛṇvan phala-pracyutim amīṣām āha aham hīti | ahaṃ bhagavān vāsudeva eva sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ śrautānāṃ smārtānāṃ ca tat-tad-devatā-rūpeṇa bhoktā ca svenāntaryāmi-rūpeṇādhiyajñatvāt prabhuś ca phala-dātā ceti prasiddham etat | devatāntara-yājinas tu mām īdṛśaṃ tattvena bhoktṛtvena prabhutvena ca bhagavān vāsudeva eva vastv-ādi-rūpeṇa yajñānāṃ bhoktā svena rūpeṇa ca phala-dātā na tad-anyo 'sti kaścid ārādhya ity evaṃ-rūpeṇa na jānanti | ato mat-svarūpāparijñānān mahatāyāseneṣṭvāpi mayy anarpita-karmāṇas tat-tad-deva-lokaṃ dhūmādi-mārgeṇa gatvā tad-bhogānte cyavanti pracyavante tad-bhoga-janaka-karma-kṣayāt tad-dehādi-viyuktāḥ punar deha-grahaṇāya manuṣya-lokaṃ pratyāvartante | ye tu tat-tad-devatāsu bhagavantam eva sarvāntaryāmiṇaṃ paśyanto yajante te bhagavad-arpita-karmāṇas tad-vidyā-sahita-karma-vaśād arcir-ādi-mārgeṇa brahma-lokaṃ gatvā tatrotpanna-samyag-darśanās tad-bhogānte mucyanta iti vivekaḥ ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ --- avidhi-pūrvakatvaṃ evāha aham iti | devatāntara-rūpeṇāham eva bhoktā prabhuḥ svāmī phala-dātā cāham evati | māṃ tu tattvena na jānanti | yathā sūryasyāham upāsakaḥ | sūrya eva mayi prasīdatu | sūrya eva mad-abhīṣṭaṃ phalaṃ dadātu | sūrya eva parameśvara iti teṣāṃ buddhiḥ | na tu parameśvaro nārāyaṇa eva sūryaḥ | sa eva tādṛśa-śraddhotpādakaḥ | sa eva mahyaṃ sūryopāsanā-phala-pradaḥ | iti buddhi-ratas tattvato mad-abhijñānābhāvāt te cyavante | bhagavān nārāyaṇa eva sūryādi-rūpeṇārādhyate iti bhāvanayā viśvato-mukhaṃ mām upāsīnās tu mucyanta eva | tasmān mad-vibhūtiṣu sūryādiṣu pūjā mad-vibhūti-jñāna-pūrvikaiva kartavyā | na tv anyathā iti dyotitam ||24||

baladevaḥ - avidhi-pūrvakatāṃ darśayati ahaṃ hīti | aham evendrādi-rūpeṇa sarveṣāṃ yajñānāṃ bhoktā prabhuḥ svāmī pālakaḥ phaladaś cety evaṃ tattvena māṃ nābhijānanti | atas te cyavanti saṃsaranti ||24||

BhG 9.25

śrīdharaḥ - tad evopapādayati yāntīti | deveṣv indrādiṣu vrataṃ niyamo yeṣāṃ te antavanto devān yānti | ataḥ punar āvartante | pitṝṣu vrataṃ yeṣāṃ śrāddhādi-kriyā-parāṇāṃ te pitṝn yānti | bhūteṣu vinārakamātṛpaṇādiṣu ijyā pūjā yeṣāṃ te bhūtejyā bhūtāni yānti | māṃ yaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te mad-yājinaḥ | te mām evākṣayaṃ paramānanda-svarūpaṃ yānti ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ - devatāntara-yājinām anāvṛtti-phalābhāve 'pi tat-tad-devatāyām ānurūpa-kṣudra-phalāvāptir dhruveti vadan bhagavad-yājināṃ tebhyo vailakṣaṇyam āha yāntīti | avidhi-pūrvaka-yājino hi trividhā antaḥkaraṇopādhi-guṇa-traya-bhedāt | tatra sāttvikā deva-vratāḥ | devā vasu-rudrādityādayas tat-sambandhi-vrataṃ baly-upahāra-pradakṣiṇa-prahvī-bhāvādi-rūpaṃ pūjanaṃ yeṣāṃ te tān eva devān yānti taṃ yathā yathopāsate tad eva bhavati iti śruteḥ | rājasās tu pitṛ-vratāḥ śrāddhādi-kriyābhir agniṣv āttādīnāṃ pitṝṇām ārādhakās tān eva pitṝn yānti | tathā tāmasā bhūtejyā yakṣa-rakṣo-vināyaka-mātṛ-gaṇādīnāṃ bhūtānāṃ pūjakās tāny eva bhūtāni yānti | atra deva-pitṛ-bhūta-śabdānāṃ tat-sambandhi-lakṣaṇayoṣṭra-mukha-nyāyena samāsaḥ | madhyama-pada-lopi-samāsānaṅgīkārān prakṛti-vikṛti-bhāvābhāvena ca tādarthya-caturthī-samāsāyogāt | ante ca pūjāvācījyāśabda-prayogāt pūrva-paryāya-dvaye 'pi vrata-śabdaḥ pūjā-para eva |

evaṃ devatāntarārādhanasya tat-tad-devatā-rūpatvam antavat phalam uktvā bhagavad-ārādhanasya bhagavad-rūpatvam anantaṃ phalam āha māṃ bhagavantaṃ yaṣṭuṃ pūjayituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te mad-yājinaḥ sarvāsu devatāsu bhagavad-bhāva-darśino bhagavad-ārādhana-parāyaṇā māṃ bhagavantam eva yānti | samāne 'py āyāse bhagavantam anataryāmiṇam ananta-phala-dam anārādhya devatāntaram ārādhyāntavat-phalaṃ yāntīty aho durdaiva-vaibhavam ajñānām ity abhiprāyaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu ca tat-tad-devatā-pūjā-paddhatau yo yo vidhir uktas tenaiva vidhinā sā sā devatā pūjyata eva | yathā viṣṇu-pūjā-paddhatau ya eva vidhis tenaiva vaiṣṇavā viṣṇuṃ pūjayanti | ato devatāntara-bhaktānāṃ ko doṣa iti cet satyam | tarhi tāṃ tāṃ devatāṃ tad-bhaktāḥ prāpnuvanty eva ity ayaṃ nyāya eva ity āha yāntīti | tena tat-tad-devatānām api naśvaratvāt tat-tad-devatā-bhaktāḥ katham anaśvaro bhavantu ? ahaṃ tv anaśvaro nityo mad-bhaktā apy anaśvarāḥ iti te nityā eveti dyotitam | bhavān ekaḥ śiṣyate śeṣa-saṃjñaḥ [BhP 10.3.25] iti | eko nārāyaṇa evāsīn na brahmā na ca śaṅkaraḥ iti | parārdhānte so 'budhyata gopa-rūpo me purastād āvirbabhūva [GTU 1.25] iti | na cyavante ca mad-bhaktā mahati pralaye 'pi [SkandaP Kāśī-khaṇḍe] ity ādi śruti-smṛtibhyaḥ ||25||

baladevaḥ - vastuto mama tat tad devatādi-rūpatayā sthitatve 'pi tad-rūpatayā maj-jñānābhāvād eva temāṃ nāpnuvantīty āha yāntīti | atrādy-apaaryāye vrata-śabdaḥ pūjābhidhāyī paratrejyā-śabdāt | deva-vratā deva-pūjakāḥ sāttvika-darśa-paurṇamāsy-ādi-karmabhir indrādīn yajantas tān eva yānti | pitṛ-vratā rājasāḥ śrāddhādi-karmabhiḥ pitṝn yajantas tān eva yānti | bhūtejyās tāmasās tat-tad-balibhir yakṣa-rakṣo-vināyakān pūjayantas tāny eva bhūtāni yānti | mad-yājinas tu nirguṇāḥ sulabhair dravyair mām arcayanto mām eva yānti | apir avadhāraṇe | ayam arthaḥ - indrādīnāṃ vayam upāsakās ta evāsmākam īśvarāḥ pūjābhiḥ prasīdantaḥ phalāny abhīṣā̆tāni dadyur iti mad-anya-deva-sevakānāṃ bhāvanā | sarva-śaktiḥ sarveśvaro vāsudevas tad-devatādi-rūpeṇāvasthito 'smat-svāmī sulabhopacāraiḥ karmabhir ārādhitaḥ sarvāṇy asmad-abhīṣṭāni dadyād iti mat-sevakānāṃ bhāvanā | tataś ca samānāny eva karmāṇy anutiṣṭhanto 'pi devādi-sevino mad-bhāvanā-vaimukhyāt tān nijeṣṭān evācirāyuṣo 'lpa-vibhūtīn āsādya taiḥ saha parimitān bhogān bhuktvā tad-vināśe vinaśyanti | mat-sevinas tu mām anādi-nidhanaṃ satya-saṅkalpam ananta-vibhūtiṃ vijñānānanda-mayaṃ bhakta-vatsalaṃ sarveśvaraṃ prāpya mattaḥ punar na nivartante | mayā sākam anantāni sukhāni anubhavante mad-dhāmni divye vilasantīti ||25||

BhG 9.26

śrīdharaḥ - tad evaṃ sva-bhaktānām akṣaya-phalam uktam | anāyāsatvaṃ ca sva-bhakter darśayati patram iti | patra-puṣpādi-mātram api mahyaṃ bhaktyā prītyā yaḥ prayacchati tasy aprayatātmanaḥ śuddha-cittasya niṣkāma-bhaktasya tat-patra-puṣpādikaṃ bhaktyā tena upahṛtaṃ samarpitam aham aśnāmi | na hi mahā-vibhūti-pateḥ parameśvarasya mama kṣudra-devatānām iva bahu-vitta-sādhya-yogādibhiḥ paritoṣaḥ syāt | kintu bhakti-mātreṇa | ato bhaktena samarpitaṃ yat kiñcit patrādi-mātram api tad-anugrahārtham evāśnāmīti bhāvaḥ ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evaṃ devatāntarāṇi parityajyānanta-phalatvād bhagavata evārādhanaṃ kartavyam atisukaratvāc cety āha patram iti | patraṃ puṣpaṃ phalaṃ toyam anyad vānāyāsa-labhyaṃ yat kiṃcid vastu yaḥ kaścid api naro me mahyam ananta-mahā-vibhūti-pataye parameśvarāya bhaktyā na vāsudevāt param asti kiṃcit iti buddhi-pūrvikayā prītyā pracchatīśvarāya bhṛtyavad upakalpayati mat-svatvānā āspada-dravyābhāvāt sarvasyāpi jagato mayaivārjitatvāt | ato madīyam eva sarvaṃ mahyam arpayati janaḥ | tasya prītyā prayacchataḥ prayatātmanaḥ śuddha-buddhes tat-patra-puṣpādi-tuccham api vastu ahaṃ sarveśvaro 'śnāmi aśanavat prītyā svīkṛtya tṛpyāmi | atra vācasyātyanta-tiraskārād aśana-lakṣitena svīkāra-viśeṣeṇa prīty-atiśaya-hetutvaṃ vyajyate | na ha vai devā aśnanti na pibanty etad evāmṛtaṃ dṛṣṭvā tṛpyanti iti śruteḥ |

kasmāt tuccham api tad aśnāsi ? yasmād bhakty-upahṛtaṃ bhaktyā prītyā samarpitaṃ tena prītyā samarpaṇaṃ mat-svīkāra-nimittam ity arthaḥ | atra bhaktyā prayacchatīty uktvā punar bhakty-upahṛtam iti vadann abhaktasya brāhmaṇatva-tapasvitvādi mat-svīkāra-nimittaṃ na bhavatīti parisaṅkhyāṃ sūcayati | śrīdāma-brāhmaṇānīta-taṇḍula-kaṇa-bhakṣaṇavat prīti-viśeṣa-pratibaddha-bhakṣyābhakṣya-vijñāno bāla iva mātrādy-arpitaṃ patra-puṣpādi bhaktārpitaṃ sākṣād eva bhakṣayāmīti vā | tena bhaktir eva mat-paritoṣa-nimittaṃ na tu devatāntaravad baly-upahārādi bahu-vitta-vyayāyāsa-sādhyaṃ kiṃcid iti devatāntaram apahāya mām eva bhajetety

viśvanāthaḥ --- varaṃ devāntara-bhaktāvāyāsādhikyaṃ na tu mad-bhaktāv ity āha patram iti | atra bhaktyeti karaṇam | tṛtīyāyāṃ bhakty-upahṛtam iti paunaruktaṃ syāt | ataḥ sahārthe tṛtīyā | bhaktyā sahito mad-bhaktā ity arthaḥ | tena mad-bhakta-bhinno janas tātkālikyā bhaktyā yat prayacchati tat tenopahṛtam api patra-puṣpādikaṃ naivāśnāmīti dyotitam | tataś ca mad-bhakta eva patrādikaṃ yad dadāti tat tasyāham aśnāmi yathocitam upayuñje | kīdṛśam ? bhaktyopahṛtam | na tu kasyacid anurodhādinā dattam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca mad-bhaktasyāpy apavitra-śarīratve sati nāśnāmīty āha prayatātmanaḥ śuddha-śarīrasyeti rajaḥsvalādayo vyāvṛttāḥ | yad vā prayatātmanaḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya mad-bhaktaṃ vinā nānyaḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇa iti | dhautātmā puruṣaḥ kṛṣṇa-pāda-mūlaṃ na muñcati [BhP 2.8.5] iti parīkṣid-ukter mat-pāda-sevā-tyāgāsāmārthyam eva śuddha-cittatva-cihnam | ataḥ kvacit kāma-krodhādi-sattve 'pi utkhāta-daṃṣṭroraga-daṃśavat tasyākiṃcit-karatvaṃ jñeyam ||26||

baladevaḥ - evam akṣayānanta-phalatvān mad-bhaktiḥ kāryety uktvā sukha-sādhyatvāc ca sā kāryety āha patram iti | patraṃ vā puṣpaṃ vānyad vā | yat sulabhaṃ vastu yo bhaktyā prīti-bhareṇa me sarveśvarāya prayacchati, tasya bhakty-upahṛtaṃ prīty-arpitaṃ tat-tad-ananta-vibhūtiḥ pūrṇa-kāmo 'py aham aśnāmi yathocitam upabhuñje | tat-prīty-udita-kṣut-tṛṣṇaḥ san tad-bhaktyāveśāt tat sarvam admīti vā | tasya kīdṛśasyety āha prayatātmano viśuddha-manaso niṣkāmasyety arthaḥ | tathī̀a ca niṣkāmeṇa mad-anuraktenārpitaṃ tad aśnāmi | tad-viparītenārpitaṃ tu nāśnāmīty uktam | bhaktyā ity uktvāpi punar bhakty-upahṛtam ity uktir bhaktir eva mat-toṣikā | na tu divjatva-tapasvitvād iti sūcayati | iha satatam ananyaḥ patram ity ādibhis tribhir uktā kīrtanādi-rūpa-viśuddha-bhaktir arpitaiva kriyeta, na tu kṛtvārpiteti |

iti puṃsārpitā viṣṇau bhaktiś cen nava-lakṣaṇā | kriyeta bhagavaty addhā tan manye 'dhītam uttamam [BhP 7.5.19]

iti prahlāda-vākyāt | atas tathātra nokteḥ ||26||

BhG 9.27

śrīdharaḥ - na ca patra-puṣpādikam api yajñārtha-paśu-somādi-dravyavan mad-artham evodyamair āpādya samarpaṇīyam | kiṃ tarhi ? yat karoṣīti svabhāvataḥ śāstrato vā yat kiñcit karma karoṣi | tathā yad aśnāsi | yaj juhoṣi | yad dadāsi | yat tapasyasi tapaḥ karoṣi | tat sarvaṃ mayy arpitaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ kuruṣva ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ - kīdṛśaṃ te bhajanaṃ tad āha yat karoṣīti | yat karoṣi śāstrād ṛte 'pi rāgāt prāptaṃ gamanādi yad aśnāsi svayaṃ tṛpty-arthaṃ karma-siddhy-arthaṃ vā | tathā yaj juhoṣi śāstra-balān nityam agnihotrādi-homaṃ nirvartayasi | śrauta-smārta-sarva-homopalakṣaṇam etat | tathā yad dadāsi atithi-brāhmaṇādibhyo 'nna-hiraṇyādi | tathā yat tapasyasi pratisaṃvatsaram ajñāta-prāmādika-pāpa-nivṛttaye cāndrāyaṇādi carasi ucchṛṅkhala-pravṛtti-nirāsāya śarīrendriya-saṃghātaṃ saṃyamayasīti vā | etac ca sarveṣāṃ nitya-naimittika-karmaṇām upalakṣaṇam | tena yat tava prāṇi-svabhāva-vaśād vināpi śāstram avaśyambhāvi gamanāśanādi, yac ca śāstra-vaśād avaśyambhāvi homa-dānādi he kaunteya tat sarvaṃ laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ ca karmānyenaiva nimittena kriyamāṇaṃ mad-arpaṇaṃ mayy arpitaṃ yathā syāt tathā kuruṣva | ātmanepadena samarpaka-niṣṭham eva samarpaṇa-phalaṃ na tu mayi kiṃcid iti darśayati | avaśyambhāvināṃ karmaṇāṃ mayi parama-gurau samarpaṇam eva mad-bhajanaṃ na tu tad-arthaṃ pṛthag-vyāpāraḥ kaścit kartavya ity abhiprāyaḥ ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu ca ārto jijñāsur arthārthī jñānī ity ārabhya etāvatīṣu tvad-uktāsu bhaktiṣu madhye khalv ahaṃ kāṃ bhaktiṃ karavai ? ity apekṣāyāṃ bho arjuna sāmprataṃ tāvat tava karma-jñānādīnāṃ tyaktum aśakyatvāt sarvotkṛṣṭāyāṃ kevalāyām ananya-bhaktau nādhikāro nāpi nikṛṣṭāyāṃ sakāma-bhaktau | tasmāt tvaṃ niṣkāmāṃ karma-jñāna-miśrāṃ pradhānī-bhūtām eva bhaktiṃ kurv ity āha yat karoṣīti dvābhyām | laukikaṃ vaidikaṃ vā yat karma tvaṃ karoṣi | yad aśnāsi vyavahārato bhojana-pānādikaṃ yat karoṣi tat tapasyasi tapaḥ karoṣi tat sarvaṃ mayy evāpaṇaṃ yasya tad yathā syāt tathā kuru | na cāyaṃ niṣkāma-karma-yyoga eva, na tu bhakti-yoga iti vācyam | niṣkāma-karmibhiḥ śāstra-vihitaṃ karmaiva bhagavaty arpyate, na tu vyavahārikaṃ kim api kṛtam | tathaiva sarvatra dṛṣṭeḥ | bhaktais tu svātma-manaḥ-prāṇendriya-vyāpāra-mātram eva sveṣṭa-deve bhagavaty arpyate | yad uktaṃ bhakti-prakaraṇa eva -

kāyena vācā manasendriyair vā buddhyātmanā vānusṛta-svabhāvāt | karoti yad yat sakalaṃ parasmai

nanu ca juhoṣīti havanam idam arcana-bhakty-aṅga-bhūtaṃ viṣṇūddeśayakam eva | tapasyasīti | tapo 'py etad ekādaśy-ādi-vrata-rūpam eva | ata iyam ananyaiva bhaktiḥ kim iti nocyate ? satyam ananyā bhaktir hi kṛtvāpi na bhagavaty arpyate, kintu bhagavaty arpitaiva jñāyate | yad uktaṃ śrī-prahlādena - śravaṇaṃ kīrtanaṃ viṣṇoḥ smaraṇam ity atra iti puṃsārpitā viṣṇau bhaktiś cen nava-lakṣaṇā kriyeta [BhP 7.5.18-19] ity asya vyākhyā ca śrī-svāmi-caraṇānāṃ bhagavati viṣṇau bhaktiḥ kriyate, sā cārpitaivaa satī yadi kriyeta, na tu kṛtā satī paścād arpyate ity ataḥ padyam idaṃ na kevalāyāṃ paryavased iti ||27||

baladevaḥ - satatam ity ādibhir nirapekṣāṇāṃ bhaktir mayā tvāṃ praty uktā | tvayā tu pariniṣṭhitena kīrtanādikāṃ bhaktiṃ kurvatāpi loka-saṅgrahāya nikhila-karmārpaṇān mamāpi bhaktiḥ kāryeti bhāvenāh yad iti | yat tvaṃ deha-yātrā-sādhakaṃ laukikaṃ karma karoṣi, yac ca deha-dhāraṇārtham annādikam aśnāsi, tathā yaj juhoṣi vaidikam agnihotrādi-homam anutiṣṭhasi, yac ca sat-pātrebhyo 'nna-hiraṇyādikaṃ dadāsi, pratyabdam ajñāta-durita-kṣataye cāndrāyaṇādy ācarasi, tat sarvaṃ mad-arpaṇaṃ yathā syāt tathā kuruṣva | tena man-nimittasyāsya lokasya saṅkgrahāt tvayi mat-prasādo bhūyān bhāvīti | na ceyaṃ sarva-karmārpaṇa-rūypā bhaktiḥ sa-niṣṭhānām iti vācyam, tair vaidikānām eva tatrārpyamāṇāt | kintu pariniṣṭhitānām eveyam | tair yat karoṣi ity ādi svāmi-nirdeśena sarva-karmaṇāṃ tatrārpaṇāt | te hi svāmino loka-saṅgrahaṃ prayāsam apaninīṣavas tathā tāny ācarantas taṃ prasādayantīti ||27||

BhG 9.28

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ ca yat phalaṃ prāpsyasi tat śṛṇu śubhāśubheti | evaṃ kurvan karma-bandhanaiḥ karma-nimittair iṣṭāniṣṭa-phalairmukto bhaviṣyasi karmaṇāṃ mayi samarpitatvena tava tat-phala-sambandhānupapatteḥ | taiś ca vimuktaḥ san | saṃnyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṃ mad-arpaṇam | sa eva yogaḥ | tena yukta ātmā cittaṃ yasya | tathābhūtas tvaṃ māṃ prāpsyasi ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ - etādṛśasya bhajanasya phalam āha śubhāśubheti | evam anāyāsa-siddhe 'pi sarva-karma-samarpaṇa-rūpe mad-bhajane sati śubhāśubhe iṣṭāniṣṭhe phale yeṣāṃ taiḥ karma-bandhanair bandha-rūpaiḥ karmabhir mokṣyase mayi samarpitaatvāt tava tat-sambandhānupapatteḥ karmabhis tat-phalaiś ca na saṃsrakṣyase | tataś ca saṃnyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā saṃnyāsaḥ sarva-karmaṇāṃ bhagavati samarpaṇaṃ sa eva yoga iva citta-śodhakatvād yogas tena yuktaḥ śodhita ātmāntaḥkaraṇaṃ yasya sa tvaṃ tyakta-sarva-karmā vā karma-bandhanair jīvann eva vimuktaḥ san samyag-darśanenājñānāvaraṇa-nivṛttyā mām upaiṣyasi sākṣāt-kariṣyasy ahaṃ brahmāsmīti | tataḥ prārabdha-karma-kṣayāt patite 'smin śarīre videha-kaivalya-rūpaṃ mām upaiṣyasi | idānīm api mad-rūpaḥ san sarvopādhi-nivṛttyā māyika-bheda-vyavahāra-viṣayo na bhaviṣyasīty arthaḥ ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ --- śubhāśubha-phalair anantaiḥ karma-rūpair bandhanair vimokṣyase | bhaktir asya bhajanam | tad ihāmutropādhi-nairāsyenaivāmuṣmin manaḥ-kalpanam | etad eva ca naiṣkarmyam [GTU 1.14] iti śruteḥ | saṃnyāsaḥ karma-phala-tyāgaḥ sa eva yogas tena yukta ātmā mano yasya saḥ | na kevalaṃ mukta eva bhaviṣyasy api tu vimukto mukteṣv api viśiṣṭaḥ san mām upaiṣyasi sākṣāt paricarituṃ man-nikaṭam eṣyasi -

muktānām api siddhānāṃ nārāyaṇa-parāyaṇaḥ

muktiṃ dadāti karhicit sma na bhakti-yogam [BhP 5.6.18] iti śukokteḥ |

baladevaḥ -īdṛśa-bhakteḥ phalam āha śubheti | evaṃ man-nideśa-kṛtāyāṃ sarva-karmārpaṇa-lakṣaṇāyāṃ bhaktau satyāṃ karma-rūpair bandhanais tvaṃ mokṣyase | kīdṛśair ity āha śubhetīṣṭāniṣṭa-phalais tat-prāpti-pratīpaiḥ prācīnair ity arthaḥ | kīdṛśas tvam ity āha saṃnyāseti mayi karmārpaṇaṃ saṃnyāsaḥ | sa eva citta-viśodhakatvād yogas tad-yukta ātmā mano yasya saḥ | na kevalaṃ mukta eva karmabhir bhaviṣyasy api tu vimuktaḥ san mām upaiṣyasi | mukteṣu viśiṣṭaḥ san māṃ sākṣāt sevituṃ mad-antikaṃ

BhG 9.29

śrīdharaḥ - yadi bhaktebhya eva mokṣaṃ dadāsi nābhaktebhyas tarhi tavāpi kiṃ rāda-dveṣādi-kṛtaṃ vaiṣamyam asti ? nety āha samo 'ham iti | samo 'haṃ sarveṣv api bhūteṣu | ato me mama priyaś ca dveṣyaś ca nāsty eva | evaṃ saty api ye māṃ bhajanti te bhaktā mayi vartante | aham api teṣv anugrāhakatayā varte | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - yathā agneḥ svalevakeṣv eva tamaḥ-śītādi-duḥkham apākurvato 'pi na vaiṣamyam | yathā vā kalpa-vṛkṣasya | tathaiva bhakta-pakṣa-pātino 'pi mama vaiṣamyaṃ nāsty eva | kintu mad-bhakter evāyaṃ mahimeti ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ - yadi bhaktān evānugṛhṇāsi nābhaktān | tato rāga-dveṣavattvena kathaṃ parameśvaraḥ syā iti nety āha samo 'ham iti | sarveṣu prāṇiṣu samas tulyo 'haṃ sad-rūpeṇa sphuraṇa-rūpeṇānanda-rūpeṇa ca svābhāvikenaupādhikena cāntaryāmitvena | ato namama dveṣa-viṣayaḥ prīti-viṣayo vā kaścid asti sāvitrasyeva gagana-maṇḍala-vyāpinaḥ prakāśāsya | tarhi kathaṃ bhaktābhaktayoḥ phala-vaiṣamyaṃ tatrāha ye bhajanti tu ye tu bhajanti sevante māṃ sarva-karma-samarpaṇa-rūpayā bhaktyā | abhaktāpekṣayā bhaktānāṃ viśeṣa-dyotanārthas tu-śabdaḥ | ko 'sau ? mayi te ye mad-arpitair niṣkāmaiḥ karmabhiḥ śodhitāntaḥkaraṇās te nirasta-samasta-rajas-tamo-malasya sattvodrekeṇātisvacchasyāntaḥkaraṇasya sadā mad-ākārā vṛttim upainpan-mānenotpādayanto mayi vartante | aham apy atisvacchāyāṃ tadīya-citta-vṛttau pratibimbitas teṣu varte | ca-kāro 'vadhāraṇārthas ta eva mayi teṣv evāham iti |

svacchasya hi dravyasyāyam eva svabhāvo yena sambadhyate tad-ākāraṃ gṛhṇātīti | svaccha-dravya-sambaddhasya ca vastuna eṣa eva svabhāvo yat tatra pratiphalatīti | tathāsvaccha-dravyasyāpy eṣa eva svabhāvo yat sva-sambaddhasyākāraṃ na gṛhṇātīti | asvaccha-dravya-sambaddhasya ca vastuna eṣa eva svabhāvo yat tatra na pratiphalatīti | yathā hi sarvatra vidyamāno 'pi sāvitraḥ prakāśaḥ svacche darpaṇādāv evābhivyajyate na tv asvacche ghaṭādau | tāvatā na darpaṇe rajyati na vā dveṣṭi ghaṭam | evaṃ sarvatra samo 'pi svacche bhakta-citte 'bhivyajyamāno 'svacche cābhakti-citte 'nabhivyajya-māno 'haṃ na rajyāmi kutracit | na vā dveṣmi kaṃcit | sāmagrī-maryādayā jāyamānasya kāraysāparyanuyojyatvāt | vahnivat kalpa-taruvac cāvaiṣamyaṃ

viśvanātha - nanu bhaktān eva vimuktīkṛtya svaṃ prāpayasi | na tv abhaktān iti cet tarhi tavāpi kiṃ rāga-dveṣādi-kṛtaṃ vaiṣamyam asti ? nety āha samo 'ham iti | te bhaktā mayi vartante 'ham api teṣu varta iti vyākhyāne bhagavaty eva sarva-jagad vartata eva | bhagavān api sarva-jagatsu vartata eveti nāsti viśeṣaḥ | tasmāt ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham [Gītā 4.11] iti nyāyena | mayi te āsaktā bhaktā vartante yathā tathāhamapi teṣv āsakta iti vyākhyeyam | atra kalpa-vṛkṣādi-dṛṣṭāntas tv ekāṃśenaiva jñeyaḥ | na hi kalpa-vṛkṣa-phalākāṅkṣayā tad āśritā āsajjanti | nāpi kalpa-vṛkṣaḥ svāśriteṣv āsaktaḥ | nāpi sa āśritasya vairiṇo dveṣṭi | bhagavāṃs tu svabhakta-vairiṇaṃ svahastenaiva hinasti | yad uktaṃ prahrādāya yadā druhyed dhaniṣye 'pi varorjitam [BhP 7.4.28] iti kecit tu tu-kārasya bhinnopakramārthatvam ākhyāya bhakta-vātsalya-lakṣaṇaṃ tu vaiṣamyaṃ mayi vidyata eveti tac ca bhagavato bhūṣaṇaṃ, na tu dūṣaṇam iti vyācakṣate | tathā hi bhagavato bhakta-vātsalyam eva prasiddham | na tu jñāni-vātsalyaṃ yogi-vātsalyaṃ vā, yathā hy anyo janaḥ sva-dāseṣv eva vatsalo nānya-dāseṣu, tathaiva bhagavān api sva-bhakteṣv eva vatsalo na rudra-bhakteṣu nāpi devī-bhakteṣv iti ||29||

baladevaḥ -- nanu bhaktān eva vimocyāntikaṃ nayasi | nābhaktān iti tavāpi kiṃ sarveśvarasya rāga-dveṣa-kṛtaṃ vaiṣamyam asti ? tatrāha samo 'ham iti | deva-manuṣya-tiryak-sthāvarādiṣu jātyākṛti-svabhāvair viṣameṣu sarveṣu bhūteṣu tat-tat-karmānuguṇyena sṛṣṭi-pālana-kṛt sarveśvaro 'haṃsamaḥ parjanya iva nānā-vidheṣu tat-tad-bījeṣu, na teṣu me ko 'pi dveṣyaḥ priyo vety arthaḥ | bhaktānām abhaktebhyo viśesaṃ bodhayitum iha tu-śabdaḥ | ye tu māṃ bhajanti śravaṇādi-bhaktibhir anukūlayanti, te bhaktyānuraktyā mayi vartante | teṣv ahaṃ ca sarveśvaro 'pi bhaktyā varte, maṇi-suvarṇa-nyāyena bhagavato 'pi bhakteṣu bhaktir asti | bahgavān bhakta-bhaktimān ity ādi śrī-śuka-vākyād iti premṇā mitho vartana-viśeṣo darśitaḥ | anyathā tv aviśeṣāpattiḥ | tasya pratijñā tv īdṛśy evāvagamyate ye yathā mām ity ādinā | kalpa-druma-dṛṣṭānto 'py atrāṃśika eva | tatra mithaḥ prītya-apratīteḥ pakṣapātāpratīteś ca | tathā ca sarvatrāviṣame 'pi mayi svāśrita-vātsalya-lakṣaṇaṃ vaiṣamyam astīty uktam | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ upapadyate cābhyupalabhyate ca [Vs 2.1.37] iti |

nanu bhakter api karmatvānusāreṇa teṣu tad-vātsalyān na tal-lakṣaṇe tad iti | cen maivam etat | svarūpa-śakti-vṛtter bhakteḥ karmānyatvāt | śrutiś ca sac-cid-ānandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.78] iti | na ca svarūpa-prayuktatvād dūṣaṇam etad iti vācyam | guṇa-śreṣṭhatvena stūyamānatvāt ||29||

BhG 9.30

śrīdhara: api ca mad-bhakter evāyam avitarkyaṃ prabhāva iti darśayann āha api ced iti | atyantaṃ durācāro 'pi naro yadyap apṛthaktvena pṛthag-devatāpi vāsudeva eveti buddhyā devatāntara-bhaktim akurvan mām eva parameśvaraṃ bhajate tarhi sādhuḥ śreṣṭha eva sa mantavyaḥ | yato 'sau samyag-vyavasitaḥ parameśvara-bhajanenaiva kṛtārtho bhaviṣyāmīti śobhanam adhyavasāyaṃ kṛtavān ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ -kiṃ ca mad-bhakter evāyaṃ mahimā yat same 'pi vaiṣamyam āpādayati śṛṇu tan-mahimānam api ced iti | yaḥ kaścit sudurācāro 'pi ced ajāmilādir ivānanya-bhāk san māṃ bhajate kutaścid bhāgyodayāt sevate sa prāg asādhur api sādhur eva mantavyaḥ | hi yasmāt samyag-vyavasitaḥ sādhu-niścayavān saḥ ||30||

viśvanātha : sva-bhakteṣv āsaktir mama svābhāviky eva bhavati, sā durācāre 'pi bhakte nāpayāti | tam apy utkṛṣṭam eva karomīty āha api ced iti | sudurācāraḥ para-hiṃsā para-dāra-para-dravyādi-grahaṇa-parāyaṇe 'pi māṃ bhajate cet, kīdṛg-bhajanavān ity ata āha, ananya-bhāk matto 'nya-devatāntaram | mad-bhakter anyat karma-jñānādikam, mat-kāmanāto 'nyāṃ rājyādi-kāmanāṃ na bhajate, sa sādhuḥ |

nanv etādṛśe kadācāre dṛṣṭe sati, kathaṃ sādhutvam ? tatrāha, mantavyo mananīyaḥ | sādhutvenaiva sa jñeya iti yāvat | mantavyam iti vidhi-vākyam anyathā pratyavāyaḥ syāt | atra mad-ājñaiva pramāṇam iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tvāṃ bhajate ity etad-aṃśena sādhuḥ para-dārādi-grahaṇāṃśenāsādhuś ca sa mantavyas tatrāha eveti | sarveṇāpy aṃśena sādhur eva mantavyaḥ | kadāpi tasyāsādhutvaṃ na draṣṭavyam iti bhāvaḥ | samyag vyavasitaṃ niścayo yasya saḥ | dustyajena sva-pāpena narakaṃ tiryag-yonir vā yāmi aikāntikaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhajanaṃ tu naiva jihāsāmīti sa śobhanam adhyavasāyaṃ kṛtavān ity arthaḥ ||30||

baladevaḥ - mama śuddha-bhakti-vaśyatā-lakṣaṇaḥ svabhāvo dustyaja eva | yad ahaṃ jugupsita-karmaṇy api bhakte 'nurajyaṃs tam utkarṣayāmīti pūrvārthaṃ puṣṇann āha api ced iti | ananya-bhāk janaś cet sudurācāro 'tivigarhita-karmāpi san māṃ bhajate mat-kīrtanādibhir māṃ sevate tad api sa sādhur eva mantavyaḥ | matto 'nyāṃ devatāṃ na bhajty āśrayatīti mad-ekāntī mām eva svāminaṃ parama-pumarthaṃ ca jānann ity arthaḥ | ubhayathā vartamāno 'pi sādhutvena sa pūjya iti bodhayitum eva-kāraḥ | tasya tathātve manane mantavya iti sva-nideśa-rūpo vidhiś ca darśitaḥ | itarathā pratyavāyād iti bhāvaḥ | ubhayathāpi vartamānasya sādhutvam evety atroktaṃ hetuṃ puṣṇann āha samyag iti | yad asau samyag-vyavasito mad-ekānta-niṣṭhā-rūpa-śreṣṭha-niścayavān ity arthaḥ | evam uktaṃ nārasiṃhe-

bhagavati ca harāv ananya-cetā bhṛśam alino 'pi virājate manuṣyaḥ | na hi śaśa-kaluṣa-cchaviḥ kadācit timira-parābhavatām upaiti candraḥ || iti ||30||

BhG 9.31

śrīdharaḥ - nanu kathaṃ samīcīnādhyavasāya-mātreṇa sādhur mantavyaḥ ? tatrāha kṣipram iti | sudurācāro 'pi māṃ bhajan śīghraṃ dharma-citto bhavati | tataś ca śaśvac-chāntiṃ cittopaplavoparama-rūpāṃ parameśvara-niṣṭhāṃ nitarāṃ gacchati prāpnoti | kutarka-karkaśa-vādino naitātmanyerann iti śaṅkākulam arjunaṃ protsāhayati he kaunteya paṭahādi-mahā-ghoṣa-pūrvakaṃ vivadamānānāṃ sabhāṃ gatvā bāhum utkṣipya niḥśaṅkaṃ pratijānīhi pratijñāṃ kuru | katham ? me parameśvarasya bhaktaḥ sudurācāro 'pi na praṇaśyati | api tu kṛtārtha eva bhavatīti | tataś ca te taṃ

madhusūdanaḥ - asmād eva samyag-vyavasāyāt sa hitvā durācāratāṃ kṣipram iti | cira-kālam adharmātmāpi mad-bhajana-mahimnā kṣipraṃ śīghram eva bhavati dharmātmā dharmānugat-citto durācāratvaṃ jhaṭity eva tyaktvā sad-ācāro bhavatīty arthaḥ | kiṃ ca śaśvan nityaṃ śāntiṃ viṣaya-bhogaspṛhā-nivṛttiṃ nigacchati nitarāṃ prāpnoty atinirvedāt |

kaścit tvad-bhaktaḥ prāg abhyastaṃ durācāratvam atyajan na bhaved api dharmātmā | tathā ca sa naśyed eveti nety āha bhaktānukampāparavaśatayā kupita iva bhagavān | naitad āścaryaṃ manvīthā he kaunteya niścitam evedṛśaṃ mad-bhakter māhātmyam | ato vipratipannānāṃ purastād api tvaṃ pratijānīhi sāvajñaṃ sa-garvaṃ ca pratijñāṃ kuru | na me vāsudevasya bhatko 'tidurācāro 'pi prāṇa-saṅkaṭam āpanno 'pi sudurlabham ayogyaḥ san prārtahaymāno 'pi atimūḍho 'śaraṇo 'pi na praṇaśyati kiṃ tu kṛtārtha eva bhavatīti | dṛṣṭāntāś cājāmila-prahlāda-dhruva-gajendrādayaḥ prasiddhā eva | śāstraṃ ca na vāsudeva-bhaktānām aśubhaṃ vidyate kvacit iti ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ --- nanu tādṛśasyādharmiṇaḥ kathaṃ bhajanaṃ tvaṃ gṛhṇāsi ? kāma-krodhādi-dūṣitāntaḥkaraṇena niveditam anna-pānādikaṃ katham aśnāsīty ata āha kṣipraṃ śīghram eva sa dharmātmā bhavati | atra kṣipraṃ bhāvī sa dharmātmā śaśvac-chāntiṃ gamiṣyatīti aprayujya bhavati gacchatīti vartamāna-prayogāt adharma-karaṇānantaram eva mām anusmṛtya kṛtānutāpaḥ kṣipram eva dharmātmā bhavati | hanta hanta mat-tulyaḥ ko 'pi bhakta-lokaṃ kalaṅkayann adhamo nāsti | tad vidyām iti śaśvat punaḥ punar api śāntiṃ nirvedaṃ nitarāṃ gacchati | yad vā kiyataḥ samayād anantaraṃ tasya bhāvi dharmātmatvaṃ tadānīm api sūkṣma-rūpeṇa vartata evaṃ tan manasi bhakteḥ preveśāt yathā pīte mahauṣadhi sati tadānīṃ kiya-kāla-paryantaṃ naśyad-avastho jvara-dāho viṣa-dāho vā vartamāno 'pi na gaṇyata iti dhvaniḥ |

tataś ca tasya bhaktasya durācāratva-gamakāḥ kāma-krodhādyā utkhāta-daṃṣṭroraga-daṃśavad akiñcitkarā eva jñeyā iti anudhvaniḥ | ataeva śaśvat sarvadaiva śāntiṃ kāma-krodhādy-upaśamaṃ nitarāṃ gacchaty atiśayena prāpnotīti durācāratva-daśāyām api sa śuddhāntaḥkaraṇa eva ucyata iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu yadi sa dharmātmā syāt tadā nāsti ko 'pi vivādaḥ | kintu kaścid durācāra-bhakto maraṇa-paryantam api durācāratvaṃ na jahāti, tasya kā vārtā ity ato bhakta-vatsalo bhagavān sa-prauḍhi sa-kopam ivāha kaunteyeti | mama bhakto na praṇaśyati | tad api prāṇa-nāśe adhaḥpātaṃ na yāti | kutarka-karkaśa-vādino naitan manyerann iti śoka-śaṅkā-vyākulam arjunaṃ protsāhayati he kaunteya paṭahakāhalādi-mahā-ghoṣa-pūrvakaṃ vivadamānānāṃ sabhāṃ gatvā bāhum utkṣipya niḥśaṅkaṃ pratijānīhi pratijñāṃ kuru | katham ? me mama parameśvarasya bhakto durācāro 'pi na praṇeśyety api tu kṛtārtha eva bhavati | tataś ca te taṃ prauḍhi-vijṛmbhita-vidhvaṃsita-kutarkāḥ santo niḥsaṃśayaṃ tvām eva gurutvenāśrayeran iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ |

nanu kathaṃ bhagavān svayam apratijñāya pratijñātum arjunam evātidideśa | yathaivāgre mām evaiṣyasi satyaṃ te pratijāne priyo 'si me iti vakṣyate | tathaivātrāpi kaunteya pratijāne 'haṃ na me bhaktaḥ praṇaśyati iti kathaṃ noktam ? ucyate - bhagavatā tadānīm eva vicāritaṃ bhakta-vatsalena mayā sva-bhaktāpakarṣa-leśam apy asahiṣṇunā sva-pratijñāṃ khaṇḍayitvāpi svāpa-karṣam aṅgīkṛtyāpi bhakta-pratijñaiva rakṣitā bahutra | yathā tatraiva bhīṣma-yuddhe sva-pratijñām apy apākṛtya bhīṣma-pratijñaiva rakṣiṣyate, bahirmukhā vādino vaitaṇḍikā mat-pratijñāṃ śrutvā hasiṣyanti arjuna-pratijñā tu pāṣāṇa-rekhaiveti te pratiyanti | ato 'rjunam eva pratijñāṃ kārayāmīti | atra etādṛśa-durācārasyāpi ananya-bhakti-śravaṇād ananya-bhaktābhidhāyaka-vākyeṣu sarvatra na vidyate 'nyat-strī-putrādyāsakti-vidharma-śoka-moha-kāma-krodhādikaṃ yatreti kupaṇḍita-vyākhyā na grāhyeti ||31||

baladevaḥ -- iti | sudurācāro 'pi māṃ bhajan śīghraṃ dharma-citto bhavati | tataś ca śaśvac- chāntiṃ cittopaplavoparama-rūpāṃ parameśvara-niṣṭhāṃ nitarāṃ gacchati prāpnoti | kutarka-karkaśa-vādino naitātmanyerann iti śaṅkākulam arjunaṃ protsāhayati he kaunteya paṭahādi-mahā-ghoṣa-pūrvakaṃ vivadamānānāṃ sabhāṃ gatvā bāhum utkṣipya niḥśaṅkaṃ pratijānīhi pratijñāṃ kuru | katham ? me parameśvarasya bhaktaḥ sudurācāro 'pi na praṇaśyati | api tu kṛtārtha eva bhavatīti | tataś ca te tvat prauḍhi-vijṛmbha-vidhvaṃsita-kutarkāḥ santo niḥsaṃśayaṃ tvām eva gurutvenāśrayeran ||31||

BhG 9.32

śrīdharaḥ - svācāra-bhraṣṭaṃ mad-bhaktiḥ pavitrīkarotīti kim atra citram ? yato mad-bhaktir duṣkulān apy anadhikāriṇo 'pi saṃsārān mocayatīty āha māṃ hīti | ye 'pi pāpa-yonayaḥ syur nikṛṣṭa-janmāno 'ntyajādayo bhaveyuḥ | ye 'pi vaiśyāḥ kevalaṃ kṛṣyādi-niratāḥ | striyaḥ śūdrāś cāpy adhyayanādi-rahitāḥ | te 'pi māṃ vyāpāśritya saṃsevya parāṃ gatiṃ yānti | hi niścitam ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ - evam āgantuka-doṣeṇa duṣṭānāṃ bhagavad-bhakti-prabhāvān nistāram uktvā svābhāvika-doṣeṇa duṣṭānām api tam āha māṃ hīti | hi niścitaṃ he pārtha māṃ vyapāścitya śaraṇam āgatya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpa-yonayo 'ntyajās tiryañco vā jāti-doṣeṇa duṣṭāḥ | tathī̀a vedādhyayanādi-śūnyatayā nikṛṣṭāḥ striyo vaiśyāḥ kṛṣyādi-mātra-ratāḥ | tathā śūdrā jātito 'dhyayanādy-abhāvena ca parama-gaty-ayogyās te 'pi yānti parāṃ gatim | api-śabdāt prāg-ukta-durācārā api ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ --- evaṃ karmaṇā durācārāṇām āgantukān doṣān mad-bhaktir na gaṇayati iti kiṃ citram ? yato jātyaiva durācārāṇāṃ svābhāvikān api doṣān mad-bhaktir na gaṇayatīty āha mām iti | pāpa-yonayo 'ntyajā mlecchā api | yad uktam-

kirāta-hūṇāndhra-pulinda-pulkaśā ābhīra-śumbhā yavanāḥ khasādayaḥ | ye 'nye ca pāpā yad-apāśrayāśrayāḥ

baladevaḥ - mahā-ghoṣa-pūrvakaṃ vivadamānānāṃ sabhāṃ gatvā bāhum utkṣipya niḥśaṅkaṃ pratijānīhi pratijñāṃ kuru sarveśvaro 'haṃ mad-ekāntināṃ āgantuka-doṣān vidhunomīti kiṃ citram ? yad atipāpino 'pi mad-bhakta-prasaṅgād vidhūtāvidyā vimucyanta ity āha māṃhīti | ye pāpa-yonayo 'ntyajāḥ sahaja-durācārāḥ syus te 'pi mad-bhakta-prasaṅgena māṃ sarveśaṃ vasudeva-sutaṃ vyapāśritya śaraṇam āgatya parāṃ yogi-durlabhāṃ gatiṃ mat-prāptiṃ yānti hi niścitam etat | evam āha śrīmān śukaḥ-

kirāta-hūṇāndhra-pulinda-pulkaśā ābhīra-śumbhā yavanāḥ khasādayaḥ | ye 'nye ca pāpā yad-apāśrayāśrayāḥ

BhG 9.33

śrīdharaḥ - yadaivaṃ tadā sat-kulāḥ sad-ācārāś ca mad-bhaktāḥ parāṃ gatiṃ yānti iti kiṃ vaktavyam ity āha kiṃ punar iti | puṇyāḥ sukṛtino brāhmaṇāḥ | tathā rājānaś ca ta ṛṣayaś ca kṣatriyāḥ | evaṃ bhūtāḥ parāṃ gatiṃ yāntīti kiṃ punar vaktavyam ity arthaḥ | atas tvam imaṃ rājarṣi-rūpaṃ dehaṃ prāpya labdhvā māṃ bhajasva | kiṃcānityam adhruvam asukhaṃ sukha-rahitaṃ cemaṃ martya-lokaṃ prāpya anityatvād vilambam akurvan asukhatvāc ca sukhārtham udyamaṃ hitvā mām eva bhajasvety

madhusūdanaḥ - evaṃ cet puṇyāḥ sadācārā uttama-yonayaś ca brāhmaṇās tathā rājarṣayaḥ sūkṣma-vastu-vivekinaḥ kṣatriyā mama bhaktāḥ parāṃ gatiṃ yāntīti kiṃ punar vācyam atra kasyacid api sandehābhāvād ity arthaḥ | yato mad-bhakter īdṛśo mahimāto mahatā pratnenemaṃ lokaṃ sarva-puruṣārtha-sādhana-yogyam atidurlabhaṃ ca mauṣya-deham anityam āśu-vināśinam asukhaṃ garbha-vāsādy-aneka-duḥkha-bahulaṃ labdhvā yāvad ayaṃ na naśyati tāvad atiśīghram eva bhajasva māṃ śaraṇam āśrayasva | anityatvād aukhatvāc cāsya vilambaṃ sukhārtham udyamaṃ ca mā kārṣīs tvaṃ ca rājarṣir ato mad-bhajanenātmānaṃ saphalaṃ kuru | anyathā hy etādṛśaṃ janma niṣphalam eva te syād ity arthaḥ ||33||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tato 'pi kiṃ punar brāhmaṇāḥ puṇyāḥ sat-kulāḥ sadācārāś ca ye bhaktāḥ | tasmāt tvaṃ māṃ bhajasva ||33||

baladevaḥ - kim iti | yady evaṃ tarhi brāhmaṇā rājarṣayaḥ kṣatriyāś ca sat-kulāḥ puṇyāḥ sad-ācāriṇo bhaktāḥ santaḥ parāṃ gatiṃ yāntīti kiṃ punar vācyam ? nāsty atra saṃśaya-leśo 'pi | tasmāt tvam api rājarṣir imaṃ lokaṃ prāpya māṃ bhajasva anityaṃ naśvaram asukham īṣat sukhaṃ vināśiny alpa-sukhe 'smin loke rājya-spṛhāṃ vihāya nityam anantānandaṃ mām upāsya prāpnuhīti tvarātra vyajyate | atrāsya lokasyānityatvaṃ kaṇṭhato bruvan harir mithyātvaṃ tasya nirāsāt ||33||

BhG 9.34

śrīdharaḥ - bhajana-prakāraṃ daśrayann upasaṃharati man-manā iti | mayy eva mano yasya sa man-manāḥ tādṛśas tvaṃ bhava | tathā mamaiva bhaktaḥ sevako bhava | mad-yājī mat-pūjana-śīlo bhava | mām eva ca namaskuru | evam ebhiḥ prakārair mat-parāyaṇaḥ sann ātmānaṃ mano mayi yuktvā samādhāya mām eva paramānanda-rūpam eṣyasi prāpsyasi ||34||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - bhajana-prakāraṃ darśayann upasaṃharati man-manā bhaveti | rāja-bhaktasyāpi rāja-bhṛtyasya putrādau manas tathā sa tan-manā api na tad-bhakta ity ata uktaṃ man-manā bhava mad-bhakta iti | tathā mad-yājī mat-pūjana-śīlo māṃ namaskuru mano-vāk-kāyaiḥ | evam ebhiḥ prakārair mat-parāyaṇo mad-eka-śaraṇaḥ sann ātmānam antaḥkaraṇaṃ yuktvā mayi samādhāya mām eva paramānanda-ghanaṃ sva-prakāśaṃ sarvopadrava-śūnyam abhayam eṣyasi prāpsyasi ||34||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām adhikāri-bhedena rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhya-yogo nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ --- bhajana-prakāraṃ darśayann upasaṃharati man-manā iti | evam ātmānaṃ mano dehaṃ ca yuktvā mayi niyojya ||34||

||9||

baladevaḥ - atha pariniṣṭhitasyārjunasyābhīṣṭāṃ śuddhāṃ bhaktim upadiśann upasaṃharati man-manā iti | rāja-bhakto 'pi rāja-bhṛtyaḥ patnyādi-manās tathā sa tan-manā api na tad-bhakto bhavati | tvaṃ tu tad-vilakṣaṇa-bhāvena man-manā mad-bhakto bhava | mayi nīlotpala-śyāmalatvādi-guṇavati vasudeva-sūnau sva-svāmitva-sva-pumarthatva-buddhyānavacchinna-madhu-dhārāvat satataṃ mano yasya saḥ | tathā mad-yājī tādṛśasyātimātra-priyasya mamārcane nirato bhava | tādṛśaṃ mām atipremṇā namaskuru daṇḍavat praṇama | evam ātmānaṃ mano dehaṃ ca yuktā mayi nivedya mat-parāyaṇo mad-ekāśrayaḥ san mām upaiṣyasi | eṣā bhaktir arpitaiva kriyeteti bodhyam ||34||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye navamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||9||

[*ENDNOTE] tam ekaṃ govindaṃ sac-cid-ānanda-vigraham pañca-padaṃ vṛndāvana-sura-bhūruha-talāsīnaṃ satataṃ sa-marud-gaṇo 'haṃ paramayā stutyā toṣayāmi |

Bhagavadgita 10

BhG 10.1

evaṃ tāvat saptamādibhir adhyāyair bhajanīyaṃ parameśvara-tattvaṃ nirūpitam | tad-vibhūtayaś ca saptame raso 'ham apsu kaunteya [Gītā 7.8] ity ādinā saṅkṣepato darśitāḥ | aṣṭame ca adhiyajño 'ham evātra [Gītā 8.4] ity ādinā | navame ca ahaṃ kratur ahaṃ yajña [Gītā 9.16] ity ādinā | idānīṃ tā eva vibhūtīḥ prapañcayiṣyan sva-bhakteś cāvaśya-karaṇīyatvaṃ varṇayiṣyan bhagavān uvāca bhūya eveti | mahāntau yuddhādi-svadharmānuṣṭhāne mahat-paricaryāyāṃ vā kuśalau bāhū yasya tathā he mahābāho ! bhūya eva punar api me vacaḥ śṛṇu | kathambhūtam ? paramaṃ paramātma-niṣṭham | mad-vacanāmṛtenaiva prītiṃ prāpunvate te tubhyaṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ saptamāṣṭama-navamais tat-padārthasya bhagavatas tattvaṃ sopādhikaṃ nirupādhikaṃ ca darśitam | tasya ca vibhūtayaḥ sopādhikasya dhyāne nirupādhikasya jñāne copāya-bhūtā raso 'ham apsu kaunteya [Gītā 7.8] ity ādinā saptame, ahaṃ kratur ahaṃ yajña [Gītā 9.16] ity ādinā navame ca saṅkṣepeṇoktāḥ | athedānīṃ tāsāṃ vistaro vaktavyo bhagavato dhyānāya tattvam api durvijṇiyatvāt punas tasya vaktavyaṃ jñānāyeti daśamo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra prathamam arjunaṃ protsāhayitum bhūya eveti | bhūya eva punar api he mahābāho śṛṇu me mama paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ vacaḥ | yat te tubhyaṃ prīyamāṇāya mad-vacanād

ārādhyatva-jñāna-kāraṇam aiśvaryaṃ yad eva pūrvatra saptamādiṣūktam | tad eva sa-viśeṣaṃ bhakti-matām ānandārthaṃ prapañcayiṣyan parokṣa-vādā ṛṣayaḥ parokṣaṃ ca mama priyam [BhP 11.21.35] iti nyāyena kiñcid durbodhatayaivāha bhūya iti | punar api rāja-vidyā-rāja-guhyam idam ucyate ity arthaḥ | he mahābāho ! iti yathā bāhu-balaḥ sarvādhikyena tvayā prakāśitaṃ, tathaivaitad buddhyā buddhi-balam api savārdhikyena prakāśayitavyam iti bhāvaḥ | śṛṇv iti śṛṇvantam api taṃ vakṣyamāṇe 'rthe samyag avadhāraṇārtham | paramaṃ pūrvoktād apy utkṛṣṭam | te tvām ativismitīkartuṃ kriyārthopapadasya ca [Pāṇ 2.3.14] iti caturthī | yataḥ prīyamāṇāya premavate ||1||

pūrva-pūrvatra svaiśvarya-nirūpaṇa-saṃbhinnā saparikarā sva-bhaktir upadiṣṭā | idānīṃ tasyā utpattaye vivṛddhaye ca svāsādharaṇīḥ prāk saṃkṣipyoktāḥ sva-vibhūti-vistareṇa varṇayiṣyan bhagavān uvāca bhūya iti | he mahābāho ! bhūya eva punar api me paramaṃ vacaḥ śṛṇu | śṛṇvantaṃ prati śṛṇv ity uktir upadeśye 'rthe samavadhānāya | paramaṃ śrīmat mad-divya-vibhūti-viṣayakaṃ yad vacas te tubhyam ahaṃ hita-kāmyayā vakṣyāmi | kriyārthopapada ity ādi sūtrāc caturthī | vijñam api tvāṃ vismitaṃ kartum ity arthaḥ | hita-kāmyayā mad-bhakty-utpatti-tad-vṛddhi-rūpa-tvat-kalyāṇa-vāñchā | te kīdṛśāyety āha prīyamāṇāyeti pīyūṣa-pānād

BhG 10.2

na me viduḥ sura-gaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ

śrīdharaḥ : uktasyāpi punar vacane durjñeyatvaṃ hetum āha na me vidur iti | me mama prakṛṣṭaṃ bhavaṃ janma-rahitasyāpi nānā-vibhūtibhir āvirbhāvaṃ sura-gaṇā api maharṣayo 'pi bhṛgv-ādayo na jānanti | tatra hetuḥ -- ahaṃ hi sarva-devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ cādiḥ kāraṇam | sarvaśaḥ sarvaiḥ prakāraiḥ utpādakatvena buddhy-ādi-pravartakatvena ca | ato mad-anugrahaṃ vinā māṃ ke 'pi na jānantīty arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : prāg-bahudhoktam eva kim arthaṃ punar vakṣyasīty ata āha na me vidur iti | prabhavaṃ prabhāvaṃ prabhu-śakty-atiśayaṃ prabhavanam utpattim aneka-vibhūtibhir āvirbhāvaṃ vā sura-gaṇā indrādayo maharṣayaś ca bhṛgv-ādayaḥ sarvajñā api na me viduḥ | teṣāṃ tad-ajñāne hetum āha ahaṃ hi yasmāt sarveṣāṃ devānāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ ca sarvaśaḥ sarvaiḥ prakārair utpādakatvena buddhyādi-pravartakatvena ca nimittatvenopādānatvena ceti vādiḥ kāraṇāt | ato mad-vikārās te mat-prabhāvaṃ na jānantīty arthaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : etac ca kevalaṃ mad-anugrahātiśayenaiva vedyaṃ nānyathety āha na me iti | mama prabhavaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ sarvaṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ bhavaṃ devakyāṃ janma deva-gaṇā na jānanti, te viṣayāviṣṭatvān na jānantu | ṛṣayas tu jānīyus tatrāha na maharṣayo 'pi | tatra hetuḥ aham ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ sarvaśaḥ sarvair eva prakāraiḥ | na hi pitur janma-tattvaṃ putrā jānantīti bhāvaḥ | na hi te bhagavan vyaktiṃ vidur devā na dānavā [Gītā 10.14] ity agrimānuvādād atra prabhava-śabdasyānyārthatā na kalpyā ||2||

baladevaḥ : etac ca mad-bhaktānukampāṃ vinā durvijñānam iti bhāvavān āha na me iti | sura-gaṇā brahmādayo maharṣayaś ca sanakādayaḥ me prabhavaṃ prabhutvena bhavam anādi-divya-svarūpa-guṇa-vibhūti-mattayāvartanam iti yāvat na vidur na jānanti | kuta ity āha aham ādir iti | yad ahaṃ teṣām ādiḥ pūrva-kāraṇaṃ sarvaśaḥ sarvaiḥ prakārair utpādakatayā buddhy-ādi-dātṛtayā cety arthaḥ | devatvādikam aiśvaryādikaṃ ca mayaiva tebhyas tat-tad-ārādhana-tuṣṭena datta-mataḥ sva-pūrva-siddhaṃ māṃ mad-aiśvaryaṃ ca te na viduḥ | śrutiś caivam āha -

ko addhā veda ka iha prāvocat kuta ā jātā kuta iyaṃ visṛṣṭiḥ | arvāg-devā asya visarjanāya athā ko veda yata ābabhūva [Rv 8.7.17, Taitt.Br. 2.8.9.76] iti,

BhG 10.3

yo mām ajam anādiṃ ca vetti lokamaheśvaram

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtātma-jñāne phalam āha yo mām iti | sarva-kāraṇatvād eva na vidyata ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya tam anādim | ataevājaṃ janma-śūnyaṃ lokānāṃ maheśvaraṃ ca māṃ yo vetti sa manuṣyeṣv asaṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-rahitaḥ san sarva-pāpaiḥ pramucyate ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : mahāphalatvāc ca kaścid eva bhagavataḥ prabhāvaṃ vettīty āha yo mām iti | sarva-kāraṇatvān na vidyata ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yasya tam anādim anāditvād ajaṃ janma-śūnyaṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ ca māṃ yo vetti sa martyeṣu madhye 'saṃmūḍhaḥ saṃmoha-varjitaḥ sarvaiḥ pāpair mati-pūrva-kṛtair api pramucyate prakarṣeṇa kāraṇocchedāt tat-saṃskārābhāva-rūpeṇa mucyate mukto bhavati ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu para-brahmaṇaḥ sarva-deśa-kālāparicchinnasya tavaitad dehasyaiva janma devā ṛṣayaś ca jānanty eva | tatra sva-tarjanyā sva-vakṣaḥ spṛṣṭvāha yo mām iti | yo mām ajaṃ vetti | kiṃ parameṣṭhinaṃ na anādiṃ satyaṃ tarhi anāditvād ajam ajanyaṃ parmātmānaṃ tvāṃ vetty eva tatrāha ceti | ajam ajanyaṃ vasudeva-janyaṃ ca mām anādim eva yo vetti ity arthaḥ | mām iti padena vasudeva-janyatvaṃ budhyate janma karma ca me divyam [Gītā 4.9] iti mad-ukteḥ | mama janmavattvaṃ paramātmatvāt sadaivājatvaṃ ca ity ubhayam api me paramaṃ satyaṃ acintya-śakti-siddham eva | yad uktaṃ ajo 'pi sann avyayātmāà sambhavāmi [Gītā 4.6] iti | tathā coddhava-vākyaṃ karmāṇy anīhasya bhavo 'bhavasya te ity ādy-anantaraṃ khidyati dhīr vidām iha [BhP 3.4.16] iti | atra śrī-bhāgavatāmṛta-kārikā ca-

tasmād yathā mama bālye dāmodaratva-līlāyām ekadaiva kiṅkiṇyā bandhanāt paricchinnatvaṃ dāmnā svābandhād aparicchinnatvaṃ cātarkyam eva tathaiva mamājatva-janmavattve cātarkye eva | durbodham aiśvaryaṃ cāha loka-maheśvaraṃ tava sārathim api sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ mahāntam īśvaraṃ yo veda sa eva martyeṣu madhye asaṃmūḍhaḥ | sarva-pāpair bhakti-virodhibhiḥ | yas tu ajatvānāditva-sarveśvaratvāny eva vāstavāni syur janmavattvādīni tu anukaraṇa-mātra-siddhānīti vyācaṣṭe | sa saṃmūḍha eva sarva-pāpair na pramucyata ity arthaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : idaṃ tādṛśa-mad-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ kasyacid eva bhavatīti bhāvenāha yo mām iti | martyeṣu yatamāneṣv api sahasreṣu madhye yo yādṛcchika-mattatvavit sat-prasaṅgī kaścij jano mām anādim ajaṃ loka-maheśvaraṃ ca vetti | so 'saṃmūḍhaḥ sarva-pāpaiḥ pramucyata iti sambandhaḥ | atra ajam ity anena pradhānād acid-vargāt saṃsāri-vargāc ca bhedaḥ | ādyasya sva-pariṇāmenāntasya deha-janmanā ca janmitvāt | anādim ity anena viśesite tu mukta-cid-vargāc ca bhedas tasyājatvam ādima-deva-deha-sambandhena janmitvasya pūrva-vṛttitvāt loka-maheśvaram ity anena nitya-mukta-cid-vargāt prakṛti-kālābhyāṃ ca bhedas teṣām anādy-ajatve saty api loka-maheśvaratvābhāvāt | punar anādima ity anena viśeṣite vidhi-rudrādibhyāṃ ca bhedas tayor loka-maheśvaratāyāḥ sāditvāt sarvaiśvareṇaiva tayoḥ sety anyatra vistaraḥ | itthaṃ ca sarvadā heya-sambandhābhāvān nitya-siddha-sārvaiśvaryāc ca sarvetara-vilakṣaṇaṃ yo vetti, sa mad-bhakty-utpatti-pratīpair nikhilaiḥ karmabhir vimukto mad-bhaktiṃ vindati | asaṃmūḍho 'nya-sajātīyatayā maj-jñānaṃ saamohas tena vivarjitaḥ | na ca devakyāṃ jātasya te katham ajatvaṃ tasyām ajatvam avihāyaiva jātatvāt ||3||

BhG 10.4-5

buddhir jñānam asaṃmohaḥ kṣamā satyaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ

śrīdharaḥ : loka-maheśvaratām eva sphuṭayati buddhir iti tribhiḥ | buddhiḥ sārāsāra-viveka-naipuṇyam | jñānam ātma-viṣayam | asaṃmoho vyākulatvābhāvaḥ | kṣamā sahiṣṇutvam | satyaṃ yathārtha-bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | śamo 'ntaḥkaraṇa-saṃyamaḥ | sukhaṃ mano 'nukūla-saṃvedanīyam | duḥkhaṃ ca tad-viparītam | bhava udbhavaḥ | abhāvas tad-viparītam | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | abhayaṃ tad-viparītam | asya ślokasya matta eva bhavatīty uttareṇānvayaḥ ||4||

kiṃ ca ahiṃseti | ahiṃsā para-pīḍāniviṛttiḥ | samatā rāga-dveṣādi-rāhityam | tuṣṭir daiva-labdhena santoṣaḥ | tapaḥ śāstrīyādi-vakṣyamāṇam | dānaṃ nyāyārjitasya dhanādeḥ pātre 'rpaṇam | yaśaḥ sat-kīrtiḥ | ayaśo duṣkīrtiḥ | ete buddhir jñānam ity ādayas tad-viparītāś cābuddhy-ādayo nānā-vidhā bhāvāḥ prāṇināṃ matto mat-sakāśād eva bhavanti ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : ātmano loka-maheśvaratvaṃ prapañcayati buddhir iti dvābhyām | buddhir antaḥkaraṇasya sūkmārtha-viveka-sāmarthaym | jñānam ātmānātma-sarva-padārthāvabodhaḥ | asaṃmohaḥ pratyutpanneṣu bodhavyeṣu kartavyeṣu vyākulatayā vivekena pravṛttiḥ | kṣamākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vā nirvikāra-cittatā | satyaṃ pramāṇenāvabuddhasyārthasya tathaiva bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriyāṇāṃ sva-viṣayebhyo nivṛttiḥ | śamo 'ntaḥkaraṇasya śamatā | sukhaṃ dharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇakam anukūla-vedanīyam | duḥkham adharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇakaṃ pratikūla-vedanīyam | bhava utpattiḥ | bhāvaḥ sattā | abhāvo 'satteti vā | bhayaṃ ca trāsas tad-viparītam abhayam | eva ca ekaś ca-kāra ukta-samuccayārthaḥ | aparo 'nuktābuddhy-ajñānādi-samuccayārthaḥ | evety ete sarva-loka-prasiddhā evety arthaḥ | matta eva bhavatīty uttareṇānvayaḥ ||4||

ahiṃsā prāṇināṃ pīḍāyā niviṛttiḥ | samatā cittasya rāga-dveṣādi-rahitāvasthā | tuṣṭir bhogyeṣv etāvatālam iti buddhiḥ | tapaḥ śāstrīya-mārgeṇa kāyendriya-śoṣaṇam | dānaṃ deśe kāle śraddhayā yathā-śakty-arthānāṃ sat-pātre samarpaṇam | yaśo dharma-nimittā loka-ślāghā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ayaśas tv adharma-nimittā loka-nindā-rūpā prasiddhiḥ | ete buddhy-ādayo bhāvāḥ kārya-viśeṣāḥ sa-kāraṇakāḥ pṛthag-vidhā dharmādharmādi-sādhana-vaicitryeṇa nānā-vidhā bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ mattaḥ parameśvarād eva bhavanti nānyasmāt tasmāt kiṃ vācyaṃ mama

viśvanāthaḥ : na ca śāstra-jñāḥ sva-buddhy-ādibhir mattatvaṃ jñātuṃ śaknuvanti, yato buddhy-ādīnāṃ sattvādivan-māyā-guṇa-janyatvān matta eva jātānām api guṇātīte mayi nāsti svataḥ praveśayogyatety āha buddhiḥ sūkṣmārtha-niścaya-sāmarthyam | jñānam ātmānātma-vivekaḥ | asaṃmoho vaiyagryābhāvaḥ | ete trayo bhāvā mat-tattva-jñāna-hetutvena sambhāvyamānā iva, na tu hetavaḥ | prasaṅgād anyān api bhāvān lokeṣu dṛṣṭān na svata evodbhūtān āha kṣamā sahiṣṇutvam | satyaṃ yathārtha-bhāṣaṇam | damo bāhyendriya-nigrahaḥ | śamo 'ntarindriya-nigrahaḥ | ete sāttvikāḥ | sukhaṃ sāttvikam | duḥkhaṃ tāmasam | bhavābhāvau janma-mṛtyu-duḥkha-viśeṣau, bhayaṃ tāmasam abhayaṃ jñānotthaṃ sāttvikam | rājasādy-utthaṃ rājasam | samatātmaupamyena sarvatra sukha-duḥkhādi-darśanam ahiṃsā samate sāttvikyau | tuṣṭiḥ santuṣṭiḥ | sā nirupādhiḥ sāttvikī | sopādhis tu rājasī | tapo-dāne 'pi sopādhi-nirupāditvābhyāṃ sāttvika-rājase, yaśo 'yaśasy api tathā | matta iti ete man-māyāto bhavanto 'pi śakti-śaktimator aikyāt matta eva ||4-5||

baladevaḥ : athātmanaḥ sarvāditvaṃ sarveśvaratvaṃ ca prapañcayati buddhir iti dvābhyām | buddhiḥ sūkṣmārtha-vivecana-sāmarthyam | jñānam cid-acid-vastu-vivecanam | asaṃmoho vyagratvābhāvaḥ | kṣamā sahiṣṇutā | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-viṣayaṃ para-hita-bhāṣaṇam | damo 'nartha-viṣayāc chokāder niyamanam | śamas tasmān manasaḥ | sukhaṃ ānukūlyena vedyam | duḥkhaṃ tu prātikūlyena vedyam | bhavo janma | abhāvo mṛtyuḥ | bhayam āgāmi-duḥkha-kāraṇa-vīkṣaṇād vitrāsaḥ san nivṛttiḥ | abhayam ahiṃsā parapīḍanājanakatā | samatā rāga-dveṣa-śūnyatā | tuṣṭiḥ adṛṣṭa-labdhena santoṣaḥ | tapaḥ vedokta-kāya-kleśaḥ | dānaṃ svabhogyasya sat-pātre 'rpaṇam | yaśaḥ sādguṇya-khyātiḥ | tad-viparītaṃ ayaśaḥ evam ādayo bhāvā bhūtānāṃ deva-mānavādīnāṃ matto mat-saṅkalpād eva bhavantīty aham eva teṣāṃ hetur ity arthaḥ | pṛthag-vidhā bhinna-lakṣaṇā ||4-5||

BhG 10.6

maharṣayaḥ sapta pūrve catvāro manavas tathā

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca maharṣaya iti | sapta maharṣayo bhṛgv-ādayaḥ sapta brahmāṇa ity ete purāṇe niścayaṃ gatāḥ [Mbh 12.201.5] ity ādi purāṇa-prasiddhāḥ | tebhyo 'pi pūrve anye catvāro maharṣayaḥ sanakādayaḥ | tathā manavaḥ svāyambhuvādayaḥ | mad-bhāvā madīyo bhāvaḥ prabhāvo yeṣu te | hiraṇyagarbhātmano mamaiva manasaḥ saṅkalpa-mātrāj jātāḥ | prabhāvam evāha yeṣām iti | yeṣāṃ bhṛgv-ādīnāṃ sanakādīnāṃ manūnāṃ cemā brāhmaṇādyā loke vardhamānā yathāyathaṃ putra-pautrādi-rūpāḥ śiṣa-praśiṣyādi-rūpāś

madhusūdanaḥ : itaś caitad evam maharṣaya iti | maharṣayo veda-tad-artha-draṣṭāraḥ sarvajñā vidyā-sampradāya-pravartakā bhṛgv-ādyāḥ sapta pūrve sargādya-kālāvirbhūtāḥ | tathā ca purāṇe -

bhṛguṃ marīcim atriṃ ca pulastyaṃ pulahaṃ kratum | vasiṣṭhaṃ ca mahātejāḥ so 'sṛjan manasā sutān | sapta brahmaṇa ity ete purāṇe niścayaṃ gatāḥ || iti |[*ENDNOTE] [Mbh 12.201.4-5]

tathā catvāro manavaḥ sāvarṇā iti prasiddhāḥ | athavā maharṣayaḥ sapta bhṛgv-ādyāḥ | tebhyo 'pi pūrve prathamāś catvāraḥ sanakādyā maharṣayaḥ | manavas tathā svāyambhuvādayaś caturdaśa mayi parameśvare bhāvo bhāvanā yeṣāṃ te mad-bhāvā mac-cintana-parā mad-bhāvanāvaśād āvīribhūta-madīya-jñānaiśvarya-śaktaya ity arthaḥ | mānasā manasaḥ saṅkalpād evotpannā na tu yonijāḥ | ato viśuddha-janmatvena sarva-prāṇi-śreṣṭhā matta eva hiraṇyagarbhātmano jātāḥ sargādya-kāle prādurbhūtāḥ | yeṣāṃ maharṣīṇāṃ saptānāṃ bhṛgv-ādīnāṃ catūrṇāṃ ca sanakādīnāṃ

baladevaḥ : itaś caitad evam ity āha maharṣaya iti | sapta bhṛgv-ādayas tebhyo 'pi pūrve prathamāś catvāraḥ sanakādaya ekādaśaite maharṣayas tathā manavaś caturdaśa svāyambhuvādaya evaṃ pañcaviṃśatir ete mānasā hiraṇyagarbhātmano mama manaḥ-prabhṛtyebhyo jātā mad-bhāvā mac-cintana-parās tat-prabhāvenopalabdha-maj-jñānaiśvarya-śaktaya ity arthaḥ | yeṣāṃ bhṛgv-ādīnāṃ pañcaviṃśater imā brāhmaṇa-kṣatriyādayaḥ prajā janmanā vidyayā ca santati-rūpā bhavanti ||6||

BhG 10.7

śrīdharaḥ : yathokta-vibhūty-ādi-tattva-jñānasya phalam āha etām iti | etāṃ bhṛgv-ādi-lakṣaṇāṃ mama vibhūtim | yogaṃ caiśvarya-lakṣaṇam | tattvato yo vetti, so 'vikalpena niḥsaṃśayena yogena samyag-darśanena yukto bhavati nāsty atra saṃśayaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sopādhikasya bhagavataḥ prabhāvam uktvā taj-jñāna-phalam āha etām iti | etāṃ prāg uktāṃ buddhy-ādi-maharṣy-ādi-rūpāṃ vibhūtiṃ vividha-bhāvaṃ tat-tad-rūpeṇāvasthitiṃ yogaṃ ca tat-tad-artha-nirmāṇa-sāmarthyaṃ paramaiśvaryam iti yāvat | mama yo vetti tattvato yathāvat so 'vikampenāpracalitena yogena samyag-jñāna-sthairya-lakṣaṇena samādhinā yujyate nātra saṃśayaḥ pratibandhaḥ kaścit ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : kintu bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ [BhP 11.14.11] iti mad-ukter mad-ananya-bhakta eva mat-prasādān mad-vāci dṛḍham āstikyaṃ dadhāno mat-tattvaṃ vettīty āha etāṃ saṅkṣepeṇaiva vakṣyamāṇāṃ vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ bhakti-yogaṃ ca yas tattvato vetti | mat-prabhoḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasya vākyatvād idam eva paramaṃ tattvam iti dṛḍhatarāstikyavān eva yo vetti saḥ | avikalpena niścalena yogena mat-tattva-jñāna-lakṣaṇena yujyate yukto bhaved atra nāsti ko 'pi sandehaḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : uktārtha-jñāna-phalam āha etām iti | etāṃ vidhi-rudrādi-devatā-sanakādi-maharṣi-svāyambhuvādi-manu-pramukhaḥ kṛtsn-prapañco mad-adhīna-sthiti-pravṛtti-jñānaiśvarya-śaktiko bhavatīty evaṃ pāramaiśvarya-lakṣaṇāṃ vibhūtim | yogam anādy-ajatvādibhiḥ kalyāṇa-guṇa-ratnair mama sambandhaṃ ca yo vetti sarveśvareṇa sarvajñena vāsudevenopadiṣṭam idaṃ tāttvikaṃ bhavatīti dṛḍha-viśvāsena yo gṛhṇāti sa avikalpena sthireṇa yogena mad-bhakti-lakṣaṇena yujyate sampanno bhavati | etādṛśatayā maj-jñānaṃ mad-bhakter utpādakaṃ vivardhakaṃ ceti bhāvaḥ ||7||

BhG 10.8

śrīdharaḥ : yathā ca vibhūti-yogayor jñānena samyag-jñānāvāptis tad darśayati aham ity ādi-caturbhiḥ | ahaṃ sarvasya jagataḥ prabhavo bhṛgv-ādi-manv-ādi-rūpa-vibhūti-dvāreṇotpatti-hetuḥ | matta eva ca sarvasya buddhir jñānam asaṃmoha ity ādi sarvaṃ pravartata iti | evaṃ matvāvabudhya budhā vivekino bhāva-samanvitāḥ prīti-yuktā māṃ bhajante ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : yādṛśena vibhūti-yogayor jñānenāvikampa-yoga-prāptis tad darśayati aham ity ādi-caturbhiḥ | ahaṃ paraṃ brahma vāsudevākhyaṃ sarvasya jagataḥ prabhava utpatti-kāraṇam upādānaṃ nimittaṃ ca sthiti-nāśādi ca sarvaṃ satta eva pravartate bhavati | mayaivāntaryāmiṇā sarvajñena sarva-śaktinā preryamāṇaṃ sva-sva-maryādām anatikramya sarvaṃ jagat pravartate ceṣṭata iti vā | ity evaṃ matvā budhā vivekenāvagata-tattva-bhāvena paramārtha-tattva-grahaṇaa-rūpeṇa premṇā samanvitāḥ santo māṃ bhajante ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra mahaiśvarya-lakṣaṇāṃ vibhūtim āha ahaṃ sarvasya prākṛtāprākṛta-vastu-mātrasya prabhavaḥ utpatti-prādurbhāvayor hetuḥ | matta evāntaryāmi-svarūpāt sarvaṃ jagat pravartate cesṭate | tathā matta eva nāradādy-avatarātmakāt sarvaṃ bhakti-jñāna-tapaḥ-karmādikaṃ sādhanaṃ tat tat sādhyaṃ ca pravṛttaṃ bhavati | aikāntika-bhakti-lakṣaṇaṃ yogam āha iti matvā āstikyato jñānena niścitya ity arthaḥ | bhāvo dāsya-sakhyādis tad-yuktāḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : atha catuḥślokyā paramaikāntināṃ bhaktiṃ bruvan tasyā janakaṃ poṣakaṃ cātma-yāthātmyaṃ tāvad āha aham iti | svayaṃ bhagavān kṛṣṇo 'haṃ sarvasyāsya vidhi-rudra-pramukhasya prapañcasya prabhavo hetuḥ | evam evātharvasu paṭhyate - yo brahmāṇaṃ vidadhāti pūrvaṃ yo vai vedāṃś ca gāpayati sma kṛṣṇaḥ [GTU 1.22] iti | atha puruṣo ha vai nārāyaṇo 'kāmayata prajāḥ sṛjaye ity upakramya nārāyaṇād brahmā jāyate nārāyaṇāt prajāpatiḥ prajāyate nārāyaṇād indro jāyate nārāyaṇād aṣṭau vasavo jāyante nārāyaṇād ekādaśa rudrā jāyante nārāyaṇād dvādaśādityāḥ ity ādi | eṣa nārāyaṇaḥ kṛṣṇo bodhyaḥ brahmaṇyo devakī-putraḥ ity ādy-uttara-pāṭhāt | tad āhuḥ - eko vai nārāyaṇa āsīn na brahmā na īśāno nāpo nāgī samau neme dyāv-āpṛthivī na nakṣatrāṇi na sūryaḥ sa ekākī na ramate tasya dhyānāntaḥsthasya yatra chāndogaiḥ kriyamāṇāṣṭakādi-saṃjñakā stuti-stomaḥ stomam ucyate ity ādy upakramya pradhānādi-sṛṣṭim abhidhāyātha punar eva nārāyaṇaḥ so 'nyat kāmo manasā dhyāyata tasya dhyānātaḥsthasya tal-lalāṭāttrakṣyaḥ śūlapāṇiḥ puruṣo 'jāyata bibhrac chriyaṃ satyaṃ brahmacaryaṃ tapo-vairāgyam iti | tatra catur-mukho jāyate ity ādi ca | ṛkṣu ca yaṃ kāmaye taṃ tam ugraṃ kṛṣṇomi taṃ brahmāṇaṃ tam ṛṣiṃ taṃ sumedhasam ity ādi | mokṣa-dharme ca -

prajāpatiṃ ca rudraṃ cāpy aham eva sṛjāmi vai | tau hi māṃ vijānīto mama māyā-vimohitau || iti |

vārāhe ca - nārāyaṇaḥ paro devas tasmāj jātaś caturmukhaḥ | tasmād rudro 'bhavad devaḥ sa ca sarvajñatāṃ gataḥ || iti |

mad-anya-nikhila-niyantā cāham ity uktam | iti matvā mamedṛśatvaṃ sad-guru-mukhān niścitya bhāvena premṇā samanvitāḥ santo budhā māṃ bhajante ||8||

BhG 10.9

śrīdharaḥ : prīti-pūrvakaṃ bhajanam āha mac-cittā iti | mayy eva cittaṃ yeṣāṃ te mac-cittāḥ | mām eva gatāḥ prāptāḥ prāṇā indriyāṇi yeṣāṃ te mad-gata-prāṇāḥ | mad-arpita-jīvanā iti vā | evaṃbhūtās te budhā anyonyaṃ māṃ nyāyopetaiḥ śruty-ādi-pramāṇair bodhayanto buddhyā ca māṃ kathayantaḥ saṅkīrtayantaḥ santas te nityaṃ tuṣyanty anumodanena tuṣṭiṃ yānti | ramanti ca nirvṛtiṃ yānti ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : prema-pūrvakaṃ bhajanam eva vivṛṇoti mac-cittā iti | mayi bhagavati cittaṃ yeṣāṃ te mac-cittāḥ | tathā mad-gatā māṃ prāptāḥ prāṇāś cakṣur-ādayo yeṣāṃ te mad-gata-prāṇāḥ mad-bhajana-nimitta-cakṣur-ādi-vyāpārā mayy upasaṃhṛta-sarva-karaṇā vā | athavā mad-gata-prāṇā mad-bhajanārtha-jīvanā mad-bhajanātirikta-prayojana-śūnya-jīvanā iti yāvat | vidvad-goṣṭhīṣu parasparam anyonyaṃ śrutibhir yuktibhiś ca mām eva bodhayantas tattva-bubhutsu-kathayā jñāpayantaḥ | tathā sva-śiṣyebhyaś ca mām eva kathayanta upadiśantaś ca | mayi cittārpaṇaṃ tathā bāhya-karaṇārpaṇaṃ tathā jīvanārpaṇam evaṃ samānām anyonyaṃ mad-bodhanaṃ sva-nyūnebhyaś ca mad-upadeśanam ity evaṃ rūpaṃ yan mad-bhajanaṃ tenaiva tuṣyanti ca | etāvataiva labdha-sarvāthā vayam alam anyena labdhavyenety evaṃ-pratyaya-rūpaṃ santoṣaṃ prāpnuvanti ca | tena santoṣeṇa ramanti ca raante ca priya-saṃgamenevottamaṃ sukham anubhavanti ca | tad uktaṃ patañjalinā santoṣād anuttamaḥ sukha-lābhaḥ [Ys 2.42] iti | uktaṃ ca purāṇe -

viśvanāthaḥ : etādṛśā ananya-bhaktā eva mat-prasādāl labdha-buddhi-yogaḥ pūrvokta-lakṣaṇaṃ durbodham api mat-tattva-jñānaṃ prāpnuvantīty āha mac-cittā mad-rūpa-nāma-guṇa-līlā-mādhuryāsvādeṣv eva lubdha-manaso, mad-gata-prāṇā māṃ vinā prāṇān dhartum asamarthā anna-gata-prāṇā narā itivat | bodhayantaḥ bhakti-svarūpa-prakārādikaṃ sauhārdena jñāpayantaḥ | māṃ mahā-madhura-rūpa-guṇa-līlā-mahodadhiṃ kathayanto mad-rūpādi-vyākhyānenot-kīrtanādikaṃ kurvanta ity evaṃ sarva-bhaktiṣv atiśraiṣṭhyāt smaraṇa-śravaṇa-kīrtanāny uktāni | tuṣyanti ca ramanti ceti bhaktyaiva santoṣaś ca ramaṇaṃ ceti rahasyam | yad vā sādhana-daśāyām api bhāgya-vaśāt bhajane nirvighne sampadyamāne sati tuṣyanti | tadaiva bhāvi-svīya-sādhya-daśām anusmṛtya ramanti ca manasā sva-prabhuṇā saha ramanti ceti rāgānugā bhaktir dyotitā ||9||

baladevaḥ : bhaktiḥ prakāram āha mac-cittā iti | mac-cittā mat-smṛti-parā mad-gata-prāṇā māṃ vinā prāṇān dhartum akṣamā mīnā vināmbhaḥ | parasparaṃ mad-rūpa-guṇa-lāvaṇyādi bodhayantas tathā māṃ sva-bhakta-vātsalya-nīradhim ativicitra-caritaṃ kathayantaś cety evaṃ smaraṇa-śravaṇa-kīrtana-lakṣaṇair bhajanaiḥ sudhāpānair iva tuṣyanti | tathaiva teṣv eva ramante ca yuvati-smita-kaṭākṣāny uktāni | tuṣyanti ca ramanti ceti bhaktyaiva santoṣaś ca ramaṇaṃ ceti rahasyam | yad vā sādhana-daśāyām api bhāgya-vaśāt bhajane nirvighne sampadyamāne sati tuṣyanti | tadaiva bhāvi-svīya-sādhya-daśām anusmṛtya ramanti ca manasā sva-prabhuṇā saha ramanti

BhG 10.10

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃbhūtānāṃ ca samyag-jñānam ahaṃ dadāmīty āha teṣām iti | evaṃ satata-yuktānāṃ mayy āsakta-cittānāṃ prīti-pūrvakaṃ bhajatāṃ teṣāṃ taṃ buddhi-rūpaṃ yogam upāyaṃ dadāmi | tam iti kam ? yenopāyena te mad-bhaktā māṃ prāpnuvanti ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : ye yathoktena prakāreṇa bhajante māṃ teṣām iti | satataṃ sarvadā yuktānāṃ bhagavaty ekāgra-buddhīnām | ataeva lābha-pūjā-khyāty-ādy anabhisandhāya prīti-pūrvakam eva bhajatāṃ sevamānānāṃ teṣām avikampena yogeneti yaḥ prāg uktas taṃ buddhi-yogaṃ mattatva-viṣayaṃ samyag-darśanaṃ dadāmi utpādayāmi | yena buddhi-yogena mām īśvaram ātmatvenopayānti ye mac-cittatvādi-prakārair māṃ bhajante te ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu tuṣyanti ca ramanti ca iti tvad-uktyā tvad-bhaktānāṃ bhaktyaiva paramānando guṇātīta ity avagataṃ, kintu teṣāṃ tvat-sākṣāt-prāptau kaḥ prakāraḥ ? sa ca kutaḥ sakāśāt tair avagantavya ity apekṣāyām āha teṣām iti | satata-yuktānāṃ nityam eva mat-saṃyogākāṅkṣaṇāṃ taṃ buddhi-yogaṃ dadāmi teṣāṃ hṛd-vṛttiṣv aham eva udbhāvayāmīti | sa buddhi-yogaḥ svato 'nyasmāc ca kutaścid apy adhigantum aśakyaḥ kintu mad-eka-deyas tad-eka-grāhya iti bhāvaḥ | mām upayānti mām upalabhante sākṣān man-nikaṭaṃ prāpnuvanti ||10||

baladevaḥ : nanu svarūpeṇa guṇair vibhūtibhiś cānantaṃ tvāṃ kathaṃ gurūpadeśa-mātreṇa te grahītuṃ kṣamerann iti cet tatrāha teṣām iti | satata-yuktānāṃ nityaṃ mad-yogaṃ vāñchatāṃ prīti-pūrvakaṃ mama yāthātmya-jñānajena ruci-bhareṇa bhajatāṃ taṃ buddhi-yogaṃ sva-bhakti-rasiko dadāmy arpayāmi | yena te mām upayānti tad-buddhiṃ tathāham udbhāvayāmi yathānanta-guṇa-vibhūtiṃ mām gṛhītvopāsya ca prāpnuvanti ||10||

BhG 10.11

śrīdharaḥ : buddhi-yogaṃ dattvā ca tasyānubhava-paryantaṃ tam āviṣkṛtyāvidyā-kṛtaṃ saṃsāraṃ nāśayāmīty āha teṣām iti | teṣām anukampārtham anugrahārtham evājñānāj jātaṃ tamaḥ saṃsārākhyaṃ nāśayāmi | kutra sthitaḥ san kena vā sādhanena tamo nāśayasi ? ata āha ātma-bhāva-stho buddhi-vṛttau sthitaḥ san | bhāsvatā visphuratā jñāna-lakṣaṇena dīpena nāśayāmi ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : dīyamānasya buddhi-yogasyātma-prāptau phalaṃ madhya-vartinaṃ vyāpāram āha teṣām iti | teṣām eva kathaṃ śreyaḥ syād ity anugrahārtham ātma-bhāvasya ātmākārāntaḥ-karaṇa-vṛttau viṣayatvena sthito 'haṃ sva-prakāśa-caitanyānandādvaya-lakṣaṇa ātmā tenaiva mad-viṣayāntaḥkaraṇa-pariṇāma-rūpeṇa jñāna-dīpena dīpa-sadṛśena jñānena bhāsvatā cid-ābhāsa-yuktenāpratibaddhena ajñāna-jam ajñānopādānakaṃ tamo mithyā-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-viṣayāvaraṇam andhakāraṃ tad-upādānājñāna-nāśena nāśayāmi sarva-bhramopādānasyājñānasya jñāna-nivartyatvād upādāna-nāśa-nivartyatvāc copādeyasya |

yathā dīpenāndhakāre nivartanīye dīpotpattim antareṇa na karmaṇo 'bhyāsasya vāpekṣā vidyamānasyaivaa ca vastuno 'bhivyaktis tato nānutpannasya kasyacid utpattis tathā jñānenājñāne nivartanīye na jñānotpattim antareṇānyasya karmaṇo 'bhyāsasya vāpekṣā vidyamānasyaiva ca brahma-bhāvasya mokṣasyābhivyaktis tato nānutpannasyotpattir yena kṣayitvaṃ karmādi-sāpekṣatvaṃ vā bhaved iti rūpakālaṅkāreṇa sūcito 'rthaḥ | bhāsvatety anena tīvra-pavanāder ivāsaṃbhāvanādeḥ pratibandhakasyābhāvaḥ sūcitaḥ | jñānasya ca dīpa-sādharmyaṃ sva-viṣayāvaraṇa-nivartakatvaṃ sva-vyavahāre sajātīya-parānapekṣatvaṃ svotpatty-atirikta-sahakāry-anapekṣatvam ity

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu ca vidyādi-vṛttiṃ vinā kathaṃ tvad-adhigamaḥ ? tasmāt tair api tad-arthaṃ yatanīyam eva ? tatra nahi nahīty āha teṣām eva na tv anyeṣāṃ yoginām anukapārthaṃ mad-anukampā yena prakāreṇa syāt tad-artham ity arthaḥ | tair mad-anukampā-prāptau kāpi cintā na kāryā yatas teṣāṃ mad-anukampā-prāpty-artham aham eva yatamāno varta eveti bhāvaḥ | ātma-bhāvasthas teṣāṃ buddhi-vṛttaau sthitaḥ | jñānaṃ mad-eka-prakāśyatvān na sāttvikaṃ nirguṇatve 'pi bhakty-uttha-jñānato 'pi vilakṣaṇaṃ yat tad eva dīpas tena | aham eva nāśayāmīti taiḥ kathaṃ tad-arthaṃ prayatanīyam ? teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ yoga-kṣemaṃ vahāmy ahaṃ [Gītā 9.22] iti mad-uktes teṣāṃ vyavahārikaḥ pāramārthikaś ca sarvo 'pi bhāro mayā voḍham aṅgīkṛta eveti bhāvaḥ |

baladevaḥ : nanu cirantanasyāvidyā-timirasya sattvāt teṣāṃ hṛdi kathaṃ tat-prakāśaḥ syād iti cet tatrāha teṣām eveti | teṣām eva māṃ vinā prāṇān dhartum asamarthānāṃ mad-ekāntinām eva, na tu sa-niṣṭhānām anukampārthaṃ mat-kṛpā-pātratvārtham | aham evātma-bhāvastho 'ravinda-koṣe bhṛṅga iva tad-bhāve sthito divya-svarūpa-guṇāṃs tatra prakāśayaṃs tad-viṣayaka-jñāna-rūpeṇa bhāsvatā dīpena jñāna-virodhy-anādi-karma-rūpājñāna-jaṃ mad-anya-viṣaya-spṛhā-rūpaṃ tamo nāśayāmi | teṣām ekānta-bhāvena prasādito 'haṃ yoga-kṣemavad buddhi-vṛtter udbhāvanaṃ tad-varti-tamo-vināśaṃ ca karomīti tat-sarva-nirvāha-bhāro mamaiveti na taiḥ kutrāpy arthe prayatitavyam ity uktam |

BhG 10.12-13

śrīdharaḥ :saṃkṣepeṇoktāṃ vibhūtiṃ vistareṇa jijñāsuḥ bhagavantaṃ stuvann arjuna uvāca paraṃ brahmeti saptabhiḥ | paraṃ dhāma cāśrayaḥ | paramaṃ ca pavitraṃ ca bhavān eva | kuta iti ? ata āha yataḥ śāśvataṃ nityaṃ puruṣam | tathā divyaṃ dyotanātmakaṃ svayaṃ prakāśam | ādiś cāsau devaś ceti tam | devānām ādi-bhūtam ity arthaḥ | tathājam ajanmānam | vibhuṃ ca vyāpakam | tvām evāhuḥ | ke ta iti ? āha āhur iti | ṛṣayo bhṛgv-ādayaḥ sarve | devarṣiś ca nāradaḥ | asitaś ca devalaś ca vyāsaś ca svayaṃ tvam eva

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ bhagavato vibhūtiṃ yogaṃ ca śrutvā paramotkaṇṭhito 'rjuna uvāca paraṃ brahmeti saptabhiḥ | paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma āśrayaḥ prakāśo vā | paramaṃ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ ca bhavān eva | yataḥ puruṣam paramātmānaṃ śāśvataṃ sadaika-rūpaṃ divi parame vyomni sva-svarūpe bhavaṃ divyaṃ sva-prapañcātītam ādiṃ ca sarva-kāraṇaṃ devaṃ ca dyotanātmakaṃ sva-prakāśam ādi-devam ata evājaṃ vibhuṃ sarva-gataṃ tvām āhur iti sambandhaḥ ||12||

āhuḥ kathayanti tvām ananta-mahimānam ṛṣayas tattva-jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ sarve bhṛgu-vaśiṣṭhādayaḥ | tathā devarṣi-nārado 'sito devalaś ca dhaumyasya jyeṣṭho bhrātā | vyāsaś ca bhagavān kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyanaḥ | ete 'pi tvāṃ pūrvokta-viśeṣaṇaṃ me mahyam āhuḥ sākṣāt kim anyair vaktṛbhiḥ svayam eva tvaṃ ca mahyaṃ bravīṣi | atra ṛṣitve 'pi sākṣād-vaktṝṇāṃ nāradādīnām ativiśiṣṭatvāt pṛthag-grahaṇam ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ vistareṇa śrotum icchan stuti-pūrvakam āha param iti | paraṃ sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ dhāma śyāmasundaraṃ vapur eva paraṃ brahma | gṛha-dehatviṭ-prabhāvā dhāmāni ity amaraḥ | tad dhāmaiva bhavān bhavati | jīvasyeva tava deha-dehi-vibhāgo nāstīti bhāvaḥ | dhāma kīdṛśam ? paraṃ pavitraṃ draṣṭṝṇām avidyā-mālinya-haram ataeva ṛṣayo 'pi tvāṃ śāśvataṃ puruṣam āhuḥ puruṣākārasyāsya nityatvaṃ vadanti ||12-13||

baladevaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇa śrutāṃ vibhūtiṃ vistareṇa śrotum icchann arjuna uvāca param iti | bhavān eva satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma iti śrūyamāṇaṃ paraṃ brahma | bhavān eva tasminn evāśritāḥ sarve tad u nātyeti kaścana iti śrūyamāṇaṃ paraṃ dhāma nikhilāśraya-bhūtaṃ vastu | bhavān eva paramaṃ pavitraṃ jñātvā devaṃ mucyate sarva-pāpaiḥ sarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ tarati nainaṃ pāpmā tarati ity ādi śrūyamāṇaṃ smartur akhila-pāpa-haraṃ vastu ity ahaṃ vedmi | tathā sarve tad-anukampitā ṛṣayas teṣu pradhāna-bhūtā nāradādayaś ca tasmāt kṛṣṇa eva paro devas taṃ dhyāyet taṃ raset taṃ bhajet taṃ yajet [GTU 1.48] iti | oṃ tat sat iti janma-jarābhyāṃ bhinnaḥ sthāṇur ayam acchedyo 'yaṃ [GTU 2.22] iti śruty-artha-vidas tvāṃ divyaṃ puruṣam ādidevam ajaṃ vibhum āhus [Gītā 10.12] tat-kathā-saṃvādeṣu purāṇeṣv itihāseṣu ca svayaṃ ca vravīṣīti ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā [Gītā 4.6] iti yo mām ajam anādiṃ ca [Gītā 10.3] iti ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavaḥ [Gītā 10.8] ity ādibhiḥ ||12-13||

BhG 10.14

śrīdharaḥ : ato mamedānīṃ tvadīyaiśvaryo 'sambhāvanā nivṛttety āha sarvam etad iti | etad-bhāvena paraṃ brahmety ādi sarvam apy ṛtaṃ satyaṃ manye | yan māṃ prati tvaṃ kathayasi na me viduḥ sura-gaṇā ity ādi | tad api satyam eva manya ity āha na hīti | he bhagavan tava vyaktiṃ devā na viduḥ | asmad-anugrahārtham iyam abhivyaktir iti na jānanti | dānavāś cāsmin nigrahārtham iti na vidur eveti ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : sarvam etad uktam ṛṣibhiś ca tvayā ca tad-ṛtaṃ satyam evāhaṃ manye yan māṃ prati vadasi keśava | nahi tvad-vacasi mama kutrāpy aprāmāṇya-śaṅkā | tac ca sarvajñatvāt tvaṃ jānāsīti keśau brahma-rudrau sarveśāv apy anukampyayā vātyavagacchatīti vyutpattim āśritya niratiśayaiśvarya-pratipādakena keśava-padena sūcitam | ato yad uktaṃ na me viduḥ sura-gaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ [Gītā 10.2] ity ādi tat tathaiva | hi yasmāt | he bhagavan samagraiśvaryādi-sampanna te tava vyaktiṃ prabhāvaṃ jñānātiśaya-śālino 'pi devā na vidur nāpi dānavā na maharṣaya ity api draṣṭavyam ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : nātra mama ko 'py aviśvāsa ity āha sarvam iti | kiṃ ca te ṛṣayaḥ paraṃ brahma-dhāmānaṃ tvām ajam āhur eva | na tu te vyaktiṃ janma viduḥ | para-brahma-svarūpasya tavājatvaṃ janmavattvaṃ ca kiṃ prakāram iti tu na vidur ity arthaḥ | ataeva na me viduḥ suragaṇāḥ prabhavaṃ na maharṣayaḥ [Gītā 10.2] iti yat tvayoktaṃ taṃ sarvam ṛtaṃ satyam eva manye | he keśava ! ko brahmā īśo rudraś ca tāv api vayase svatattvājñānena badhnāsi, kiṃ punaḥ deva-dānavādyās tvāṃ na vidantīti vācyam iti bhāvaḥ ||14||

baladevaḥ : sarvam iti | etat sarvam aham ṛtaṃ satyam eva | na tu praśaṃsā-mātraṃ manye | he keśaveti | keśau vidhi-rudrau vayase sva-tattvāparijñānena nibadhnāsi prajāpatiṃ ca rudraṃ ca ity ādi tvad-uktaḥ | he sarveśvara ! he bhagavan ! niravadhikātiśaya-ṣaḍ-aiśvarya-nidhe ! te vyaktiṃ para-brahmatvādi-guṇāṃ śrī-mūrtiṃ deva-dānavāś ca na vidur yat te 'nya-svajātīyatva-buddhyā tvām avajānanti druhyanti ceti bhāvaḥ ||14||

BhG 10.15

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ tarhi ? svayam iti | svayam eva tvam ātmānaṃ vettha jānāsi nānyaḥ | tad apy ātmanā svenaiva vettha | na sādhanāntareṇa | atyādareṇa bahudhā sambodhayati he puruṣottama ! puruṣottamatve hetu-garbhāṇi viśeṣaṇāni sambodhanāni | he bhūta-bhāvana bhūtotpādaka | bhūtānām īśa niyantaḥ | devānām ādityādīnāṃ deva prakāśaka | jagat-pate viśva-pālaka ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : yatas tvaṃ teṣāṃ sarveṣām ādir aśakya-jñānaś cātaḥ svayam iti | svayam evānyonyapadeśādikam antareṇaiva tvam evātmānā svarūpeṇātmānaṃ nirupādhikaṃ sopādhikaṃ ca | nirupādhikaṃ pratyaktvenāviṣayatayā sopādhikaṃ ca niratiśaya-jñānaiśvaryādi-śaktimattvena vettha jānāsi nānyaḥ kaścit | anyair jñātum aśakyam ahaṃ kathaṃ jānīyām ity āśaṅkām apanudan premautkaṇṭhyena bahudhā sambodhayati he puruṣottama tvad-apekṣayā sarve 'pi puruṣā apakṛṣṭā eva | atas teṣām aśakyaṃ sarvottamasya tava śakyam evety abhiprāyaḥ | puruṣottamatvam eva vivṛṇoti punaś caturbhiḥ sambodhanaiḥ | bhūtāni sarvāṇi bhāvayaty utpādayatīti he bhūta-bhāvana sarva-bhūta-pitaḥ | pitāpi kaścin neṣṭas tatrāha he bhūteśa sarva-bhūta-niyantaḥ | niyantāpi kaścin nārādhyas tatrāha he deva-deva devānāṃ sarvārādhyānām apy ārādhyaḥ | ārādhyo 'pi kaścin na pālayitṛtvena patis tatrāha he jagat-pate hitāhitopadeśaka-veda-praṇatṛtvena sarvasya jagataḥ pālayitaḥ | etādṛśa-sarva-viśeṣaṇa-viśiṣṭas tvaṃ sarveṣāṃ pitā sarveṣāṃ guruḥ sarveṣāṃ rājātaḥ sarvaiḥ prakāraiḥ sarveṣām ārādhya iti kiṃ vācyaṃ puruṣottamas tvaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : tasmāt tvaṃ svayam evātmānaṃ vettha iti eva-kāreṇa tavārjatva-janmavattvādīnāṃ durghaṭānām api vāstavatvam eva tvad-bhakto vetti tac ca kena prakāreṇeti tu so 'pi na vettīty arthaḥ | tad apy ātmanā svenaiva vettha na sādhanāntareṇa | ataeva tvaṃ puruṣeṣu mahat-sraṣṭādiṣv api madhya uttamaḥ | na kevalam uttama eva, yato bhūta-bhāvanaḥ | bhūtā bhūta-bhāvana-rūpā ye tad-ādayaḥ parameṣṭhy-antās teṣām īśaḥ | na kevalam īśa eva, yato devais tair eva devaḥ krīḍā yasyeti tvat-krīḍopakāra-bhūtā eva te ity arthaḥ | tad apy apārakāruṇya-vaśād jagad-vartinā man mādṛśānām api tvam eva patir bhavasi iti catūrṇāṃ sambodhana-padānām arthaḥ | yad vā puruṣottamatvam eva vivṛṇoti he bhūta-bhāvana sarva-bhūta-pitaḥ ! pitāpi kaścin neṣṭe ? tatrāha he bhūteśa ! bhūteśo 'pi kaścin nārādhyas tatrāha he devadeva ! devārādhyo 'pi kaścin na pālayatīti tatrāha he jagat-pate ||15||

baladevaḥ : svayam eva tvam ātmānā svenaiva jñānenātmānaṃ saṃvettha idam ittham iti jānāsi | ye deveṣu dānaveṣu ca tvad-bhaktās te tādṛśīṃ tvan-mūrtiṃ vastu-bhūtāṃ jānanty eva tasyās tathātve kathaṃ tāṃ na jānantīty eva-kārāt | he puruṣottama sarva-puruṣeśvara ! puruṣottamas tvaṃ vivṛṇvan sambodhayati he bhūta-bhāvana ! sarva-prāṇi-janaka ! bhūta-bhāvano 'pi kaścin neṣṭo, tatrāha he bhūteśa ! sarva-prāṇi-niyantaḥ ! bhūteśo 'pi kaścin na pūjyas tatrāha he devadeva ! sarvārādhyānām api devānām ārādhya ! devadevo 'pi kaścin na rakṣakas tatrāha he jagat-pate ! hitāhitopadeśena jīvikārpaṇena ca viśva-pālaka ! īdṛśasya te tattvaṃ susiddham iti ||15||

BhG 10.16

vaktum arhasy aśeṣeṇa divyā hy ātmavibhūtayaḥ

śrīdharaḥ : yasmāt tavābhivyaktiṃ tvam eva vetsi na devādayaḥ | tasmāt vaktum iti | yā ātmanas tava divyā atyadbhutā vibhūtayas tā sarvā vaktuṃ tvam evārhasi yogyo 'si | yābhir iti vibhūtīnāṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ spaṣṭārtham ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād anyeṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ jñātum aśakyā avaśyaṃ jñātavyāś ca tava vibhūtayas tasmāt vaktum iti | yābhir vibhūtibhir imān sarvān lokān vyāpya tvaṃ tiṣṭhasi tās tavāsādhāraṇā vibhūtayo divyā asarvajñair jñātum aśakyā hi yasmāt tasmāt sarvajñas tvam eva tā aśeṣeṇa vaktum arhasi ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : tava tattvaṃ durgamaṃ tava vibhūtiṣv eva mama jijñāsā jāyata iti dyotayann āha vaktum iti | divyā utkṛṣṭā yā ātma-vibhūtayas tāvad vaktum arhasīty anvayaḥ | nanv aśeṣeṇa mad-vibhūtayaḥ sarvā vaktum aśakyā eva tatrāha yābhir iti ||16||

baladevaḥ : tvat-svarūpa-yāthātmyaṃ khalu kathaṃ tathā durgamevātas tvad-vibhūtiṣv eva maj-jijñāsopajāyata iti sūcayann āha vaktum iti | divyā utkṛṣṭās tad-asādhāraṇīyātmano vibhūtīr aśeṣeṇa vaktum arhasi dvitīyārthe prathamā | yābhir viśiṣṭas tvam imān lokān vyāpya niyamya tiṣṭhasi ||16||

BhG 10.17

śrīdharaḥ : kathana-prayojanaṃ darśayan prārthayate katham iti dvābhyām | he yogin kathaṃ kair vibhūti-bhedaiḥ sadā paricintayann ahaṃ tvāṃ vidyāṃ jānīyām ? vibhūti-bhedena cintyo 'pi tvaṃ keṣu keṣu padārtheṣu mayā cintanīyo 'si ? ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ prayojanaṃ tat-kathanasya tad āha katham iti dvābhyām | yogo niratiśayaiśvaryādi-śaktiḥ so 'syāstīti he yogin niratiśaiśvaryādi-śakti-śālinn aham atisthūlamatis tvāṃ devādibhir api jñātum aśakyaṃ kathaṃ vidyāṃ jānīyāṃ sadā paricintayan sarvadā dhyāyan | nanu mad-vibhūtiṣu māṃ dhyāyan jñāsyasi tatrāha keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu cetanācetanātmakeṣu vastuṣu tvad-vibhūti-bhūteṣu mayā cintyo 'si he bhagavan ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : yogo yoga-māyā-śaktir vartate yasya he yogin vanamālītivat | tvām ahaṃ kathaṃ paricintayan san tvāṃ sadā vidyāṃ jānīyām ? bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān yaś cāsmi tattvataḥ [BhP 11.14.11] iti tvad-ukteḥ | tathā keṣu bhāveṣu padārtheṣu tvaṃ cintyaḥ tvac-cintana-bhaktir mayā kartavyety arthaḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : nanu kimarthaṃ tat-kathanṃ tatrāha katham iti | yogo yoga-māyā-śaktir asty asyeti he yogin ! tvāṃ sadā paricintayan saṃsmarann ahaṃ kalyāṇānanta-guṇa-yoginaṃ kathaṃ vidyāṃ jānīyām ? keṣu keṣu ca bhāveṣu padārtheṣu prakāśamānas tvaṃ mayā cintyo dhyeyo 'si ? tad etad ubhayaṃ vada | tac ca vibhūty-uddeśenaiva setsyatīti tām upadiśety arthaḥ ||17||

BhG 10.18

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ bahirmukho 'pi citte tatra tatra vibhūti-bhedena tvac-cintaiva yathā bhavet tathā vistareṇa kathayaty āha vistareṇeti | ātmanas tava yogaṃ sarvajñatva-sarva-śaktitvādi-lakṣaṇaṃ yogaiśvaryaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca vistareṇa punaḥ kathaya | hi yatas tava vākyam amṛta-rūpaṃ śṛṇvato mama tṛptir alaṃ buddhir nāsti ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : ataḥ vistareṇeti | ātmanas tava yogaṃ sarvajñatva-sarva-śaktitvādi-lakṣaṇam aiśvaryātiśayaṃ vibhūtiṃ ca dhyānālambanaṃ vistareṇa saṃkṣepeṇa saptame navame coktam api bhūyaḥ kathaya sarvair janair abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-prayojanaṃ yācyasa iti | he janārdana ! ato mamāpi yācñā tvayy ucitaiva | uktasya punaḥ kathanaṃ kuto yācase tatrāha tṛptir alaṃ-pratyayenecchā-vicchittir nāsti hi yasmāc chṛṇvataḥ śravaṇena pibatas tvad-vākyam amṛtam amṛtavat pade pade svādu svādu | atra tvad-vākyam ity anukter apahnuty-atiśayokti-rūpaka-saṅkaro 'yaṃ mādhuryātiśayānubhavenotkaṇṭhātiśayaṃ vyanakti ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : nana ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvaṃ pravartate [Gītā 10.8] ity anenaiva sarve padārthā mad-vibhūtayo mad-uktā eva vibhūtayas tathā iti matvā bhajante mām iti bhakti-yogaś cokta eva | tatrāha vistareṇeti | he janārdaneti mādṛśa-janānāṃ tvam eva hitopadeśa-mādhuryeṇa lobham utpādyārdayase yācayasīti vayaṃ kiṃ kurma iti bhāvaḥ | tvad-upadeśa-rūpam amṛtaṃ śṛṇvataḥ śruti-rasanayā svādayataḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : nanu pūrva-pūrvatra ajo 'pi sann [Gītā 4.6] ity ādinājatvādi-kalyāṇa-guṇa-yogo raso 'ham [Gītā 7.8] ity ādinā vibhūtayaś cāsakṛt kathitāḥ, kiṃ punaḥ pṛcchasīti cet tatrāha vistareṇeti | sphuṭārthaṃ padyam | janārdaneti prāgvat | tvad-vākyam amṛtaṃ śṛṇvataḥ śrotra-rasanayāsvādayato mama tṛptir nāsti | atra tvad-vākyam ity anukter apahnutiḥ | prathamātiśayoktir vā tayoḥ saṅkaro vālaṅkāraḥ ||18||

BhG 10.19

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ prārthitaḥ san bhagavān uvāca hanteti | hantety anukampya sambodhanam | divyā yā mad-vibhūtayas tāḥ prādhānyena te tubhyaṃ kathayiṣyāmi yato 'vāntarasya vibhūti-vistarasya madīyasyānto nāsti | ataḥ pradhāna-bhūtāḥ katicid varṇayiṣyāmi ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : atrottaram | hantety anumatau | yat tvayā prārthitaṃ tat kariṣyāmi mā vyākulo bhūr ity arjunaṃ samāśvāsya tad eva kartum ārabhate | kathayiṣyāmi prādhānyatas tā vibhūtīr yā divyā hi prasiddhā ātmano mamāsādhāraṇā vibhūtayo he kuru-śreṣṭha ! vistareṇa tu kathanam aśakyaṃ, yato nāsty antyo vistarasya me vibhūtīnām | ataḥ pradhāna-bhūtāḥ kāścid eva vibhūtīr vakṣyāmīty arthaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : hantety anukampāyāṃ prādhānyataḥ prādhānyena yatas tāsāṃ vistarasyānto nāsti | vibhūtayo vibhūtīr divyā uttamā eva na tu tṛṇeṣṭakādyāḥ | atra vibhūti-śabdena prākṛtāprākṛta-vastūny evocyate tāni sarvāṇy eva bhagavac-chakti-samudbhūtatvād bhagavad-rūpeṇaiva tāratamyena dhyeyatvenābhimatāni jñeyāni ||19||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭaḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca hanteti | hantety anukampārthakam | divyā utkṛṣṭāḥ, na tu tṛṇeṣṭakādyāḥ | vibhūtaya iti prāgvat | prādhānyataḥ prādhānyena yatas tāsāṃ vistarasyānto nāsti | iha vibhūti-śabdena niyāmakatva-rūpāṇy aiśvaryāṇi bodhyāni vibhūtir bhūtir aiśvaryam ity amara-koṣāt | prākṛtāprākṛtāni ca vastūni bhūtitvena varṇyāni | tāni sarvāṇi sarveśa-śakti-vyaṅgatvāt sarveśātmnaā tāratamyena bhāvyāni | matāni yāni sākṣād īśvara-rūpāṇi tattvenoktāni | tāni tu tena rūpeṇa bhāvanārthāny eva, na tv anyavat tac-chakty-ekadeśa-rūpāṇīti bodhyaṃ saṅgater iti ||19||

BhG 10.20

śrīdharaḥ : tatra prathamam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ kathayati he guḍākeśa ! sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām āśayeṣv antaḥkaraṇeṣu sarvajñatvādi-guṇair niyantṛtvenāvasthitaḥ paramātmāham | ādir janma | madhyaṃ sthitiḥ | antaḥ saṃhāraḥ | sarva-bhūtānāṃ janmādi-hetuś ca aham evety arthaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra prathamaṃ tāvan mukhyaṃ cintanīyaṃ śṛṇu aham iti | sarva-bhūtānām āśaye hṛd-deśe 'ntaryāmi-rūpeṇa pratyag-ātma-rūpeṇa ca sthita ātmā caitanyānanda-ghanas tvayāhaṃ vāsudeva eveti dhyeyaḥ | he guḍākeśa ! jitanidreti dhyāma-sāmarthyaṃ sūcayati | evaṃ dhyānāsāmarthye tu vakṣyamāṇāni dhyānāni kāryāṇi | tatrāpy ādau dhyeyam āha - aham evādiś cotpattir bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ cetanatvena loke vyavahriyamāṇānāṃ madhyaṃ ca sthitir antaś ca nāśaḥ sarva-cetana-vargāṇām utpatti-sthita-nāśa-rūpeṇa tat-kāraṇa-rūpeṇa cāham eva dhyeya ity arthaḥ ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : atra prathamaṃ mām evaikāṃśena sarva-vibhūti-kāraṇaṃ tvaṃ bhāvayety āha aham iti | ātmā prakṛty-antaryāmī mahat-sraṣṭā puruṣaḥ paramātmā | he guḍākeśa jita-nidra iti dhyāna-sāmarthyaṃ sūcayati ! sarva-bhūto yo vairājas tasyāśaye sthita iti samaṣṭi-virāḍ antaryāmī | tathā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām āśaye sthita iti vyaṣṭi-virāḍ antaryāmī ca | bhūtānāṃ ādir janma madhyaṃ sthitir antaḥ saṃhāraḥ | tat-tad-dhetur aham ity arthaḥ ||20||

baladevaḥ : tatra tāvan mām eva tvaṃ mahat-sraṣṭādi-tri-rūpeṇa svāṃśena nikhila-vibhūti-hetuṃ vicintayety āśayenāha aham ātmeti | he guḍākeśeti vijita-nidrasya tad-vicintana-kṣamatvaṃ vyajyate | ātmā vibhūti-vijñānānando mahat-sraṣṭādi-tri-rūpaḥ paramātmāham asmac-chabdārthaḥ sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitas tvayā vicintyaḥ | sarva-bhūtā pradhānādi-pṛthivy-anta-tattva-rūpā yā mūla-prakṛtis tasyā āśaye 'ntaḥ-karaṇodaśaya-rūpeṇāham eva prakṛty-antaryāmī sthitaḥ | tathā sarva-bhūtaḥ sarva-jīvābhimānī yo vairājas tasyāśaye garbhodaśaya-rūpeṇāham eva samaṣṭi-virāḍ-antaryāmī sthitaḥ | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām jīvānām āśaye kṣīroda-śaya-rūpeṇāham eva vyaṣṭi-virāḍ antaryāmī sthita iti tāni trīṇi rūpāṇi mad-vibhūtitvena tvayā vincintyānīty arthaḥ | subālopaniṣadi prakṛty-ādi-sarva-bhūtāntaryāmī sarva-śeṣī ca nārāyaṇaḥ paṭhyate | sātvata-tantre trayaḥ puruṣāvatārāḥ smṛtāḥ -

viṣṇos tu trīṇi rūpāṇi puruṣākhyāny atho viduḥ | ekaṃ tu mahataḥ sraṣṭṛ dvitīyaṃ tantu-saṃsthitam | tṛtīyaṃ sarva-bhūtasthaṃ tāni jñātvā vimucyate || iti |

te ca vāsudevasya kṛṣṇasyāvatārāḥ -

yaḥ kāraṇārṇava-jale bhajati sma yoga-

BhG 10.21

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ vibhūtīḥ kathayati ādityānām ity ādinā yāvad-adhyāya-samāptiḥ | ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ madhye viṣṇur nāmādityo 'ham | jyotiṣāṃ prakāśakānāṃ madhye 'ṃśumān viśva-vyāpi-raśmi-yukto raviḥ sūryo 'ham | marutāṃ deva-viśeṣāṇāṃ madhye marīci-nāmāham asmi | yad vā sapta marud-gaṇā vāyavaḥ | teṣāṃ madhya iti | te ca avahaḥ pravaho vivahaḥ parāvaha udvahaḥ saṃvaha parivaha iti spata marud-gaṇāḥ | nakṣatrāṇāṃ madhye candro 'ham ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : etad-aśaktena bāhyāni dhyānāni kāryāṇīty āha yāvad-adhyāya-samāptiḥ | ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ madhye viṣṇur visṇu-nāmādityo 'ham vāmanāvatāro vā | jyotiṣāṃ prakāśakānāṃ madhye 'haṃ ravir ṃśumān viśva-vyāpī prakāśakaḥ | marutāṃ sapta-saptakānāṃ madhye marīci-nāmāham nakṣatrāṇām adhipatir ahaṃ śaśī candramāḥ | nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhī | atra prāyeṇa nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhī | kvacit sambandhe 'pi yathā bhūtānām asmi cetanety ādau | vāmana-rāmādayaś cāvatārāḥ sarvaiśvarya-śālino 'py anena rūpeṇa dhyāna-vivakṣayā vibhūtiṣu paṭhyante | vṛṣṇīnāṃ vāsudevo 'smīti tena rūpeṇa dhyāna-vivakṣayā savasyāpi sva-vibhūti-madhye pāṭhavat | ataḥ paraṃ ca prāyeṇāyam adhyāyaḥ spaṣṭārtha iti kvacit kvacid vyākhyāsyāmaḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha nirdhāraṇa-ṣaṣṭhyā kvacit sambandha-ṣaṣṭhyā ca vibhutīr āha yāvad-adhyāya-samāptiḥ | ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ madhye viṣṇur aham iti tan-nāmā sūryo mad-vibhūtir ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvatra prakāśakānāṃ jyotiṣāṃ madhye aṃśumān mahā-kiraṇa-mālī ravir aham | marīciḥ pavana-viśeṣaḥ ||21||

baladevaḥ : ādityānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ madhye viṣṇur vāmano 'ham | jyotiṣāṃ prakāśānāṃ madhye 'ṃśumān viśva-vyāpi-raśmī ravir aham | marutām ūna-pañcāśat-saṅkhyakānāṃ madhye marīcir aham | nakṣatrāṇām adhipatiḥ śaśī sudhā-varṣī candro 'ham | atra nirdhāraṇe ṣaṣṭhī prāyeṇa kvacit sambandhe 'pīti bodhyam ||21||

BhG 10.22

śrīdharaḥ : vedānām iti | vāsava indraḥ | bhūtānāṃ cetanā jñāna-śaktir aham asmi ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : catūrṇāṃ vedānāṃ madhye gāna-mādhuryeṇātiramaṇīyaḥ sāmavedo 'ham asmi | vāsava indraḥ sarva-devādhipatiḥ | indriyāṇām ekādaśānāṃ pravartakaṃ manaḥ | bhūtānāṃ sarva-prāṇi-sambandhināṃ pariṇāmānāṃ madhye cid-abhivyañjikā buddher vṛttiś cetanāham asmi ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : vāsava indraḥ | bhūtānāṃ sambandhinī cetanā jñāna-śaktiḥ ||22||

baladevaḥ : vedānāṃ madhye gīta-mādhuryeṇotkarṣāt sāmavedo 'ham | devānāṃ madhye vāsavas teṣāṃ rājā indro 'ham | indriyāṇāṃ madhye durjayaṃ teṣāṃ pravartakaṃ ca mano 'ham | bhūtānāṃ sambandhinī cetanā jñāna-śaktir aham ||22||

BhG 10.23

śrīdharaḥ : rudrāṇām iti | rakṣasām api krūratvādi-sāmyād yakṣaiḥ sahaikīkṛtya nirdeśaḥ | teṣāṃ madhye vitteśaḥ kuvero 'smi | pāvako 'gniḥ | śikhariṇāṃ śikharatām ucchritānāṃ madhye meruḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : rudrāṇām ekādaśānāṃ madhye śaṅkaraḥ | vitteśo dhanādhyakṣaḥ kubero yakṣa-rakṣasāṃ yakṣānāṃ rākṣasānāṃ ca | vasūnām aṣṭānāṃ pāvako 'smi | meruḥ sumeruḥ śikhariṇām śikharavatām atyucchritānāṃ parvatānām ||23||

baladevaḥ : rudrāṇām ekādaśānāṃ madhye śaṅkarākhyo rudro 'ham | yakṣa-rakṣasām ādhipo vitteśaḥ kuvero 'ham | vasūnām aṣṭānāṃ madhye pāvako 'gnir aham | śikhariṇām atyucchritānāṃ madhye meruḥ svarṇācalo 'ham ||23||

BhG 10.24

śrīdharaḥ : purodhasām iti | purodhasāṃ madhye deva-purohitatvān mukhyaṃ bṛhaspatim māṃ viddhi | senānīnāṃ madhye deva-senāpatiḥ skando 'ham asmi | sarasām sthira-jalāśayānāṃ madhye samudro 'smi ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : indrasya sarva-rāja-śreṣṭhatvāt tat-purodhasaṃ bṛhaspatiṃ sarveṣāṃ purodhasāṃ rāja-purohitānāṃ madhye mukhyaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ mām eva he pārtha viddhi jānīhi | senānīnām senāpatīnāṃ madhye deva-senāpatiḥ skando guho 'ham asmi | sarasām deva-khāta-jalāśayānāṃ madhye sāgaraḥ sagara-putraiḥ khāto jalāśayo 'ham asmi ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : senānīnām ity ārṣam | skandhaḥ kārtikeyaḥ ||24||

baladevaḥ : indrasya sarva-rāja-mukhyatvāt tat-purohitaṃ bṛhaspatiṃ sarva-patiṃ rāja-purohitānāṃ mukhyaṃ māṃ viddhīti so 'ham ity arthaḥ | senānīnām iti nuḍāgamanas tv ārṣaḥ | sarva-rāja-senānāṃ madhye skandaḥ kārttikeyo 'ham | sarasām sthira-jalānāṃ madhye sāgaro 'ham ||24||

BhG 10.25

śrīdharaḥ : maharṣīṇām iti | girāṃ vācāṃ padātmikānāṃ madhye ekam akṣaram oṅkārākhyaṃ padam asmi | yajñānāṃ śrauta-smārtānāṃ madhye japa-rūpa-yajño 'ham ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : maharṣīṇāṃ sapta-brahmaṇāṃ madhye bhṛgur atitejasvitvād aham | girāṃ vācāṃ pada-lakṣaṇānāṃ madhya ekam akṣaram padam oṃkāro 'ham asmi | yajñānāṃ madhye japa-yajño hiṃsādi-doṣa-śūnyatvenātyanta-śodhako 'ham asmi | sthāvarāṇāṃ sthitimatāṃ madhye himālayo 'haṃ | śikharavatāṃ madhye hi merur aham ity uktam ataḥ sthāvaratvena śikharatvena cārtha-bhedāv adoṣaḥ ||25||

baladevaḥ : maharṣīṇāṃ brahma-putrāṇāṃ madhye 'titejasvī bhṛgur aham | girāṃ pada-lakṣaṇānāṃ vācāṃ madhye ekam akṣaram praṇavo 'ham asmi | yajñānāṃ madhye japa- yajño 'smi | tasyāhiṃsātmakatvenotkṛṣṭatvāt sthāvarāṇāṃ sthitimatāṃ madhye himācalo 'haṃ | atyuccatvenātisthairyeṇa cārtha-bhedān meru-himālayayor vibhūtyor bhedaḥ ||25||

śrīdharaḥ : aśvattha iti | devā eva santo ye mantra-darśanena ṛṣitvaṃ prāptās teṣāṃ madhye nārado 'smi | siddhānām utpattitaḥ eva adhigata-paramārtha-tattvānāṃ madhye kapilākhyo munir asmi ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : sarvaeṣāṃ vṛkṣāṇāṃ vanaspatīnām anyeṣāṃ ca | devā eva santo ye mantra-darśitvena ṛṣitvaṃ prāptās te devarṣayas teṣāṃ madhye nārado 'ham asmi | gandharvāṇāṃ gāna-dharmaṇāṃ deva-gāyakānāṃ madhye citraratho 'ham asmi | siddhānāṃ janmanaiva vinā prayatnaṃ dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvaryātiśayaṃ prāptānām adhigata-paramārthānāṃ madhye kapilo munir aham ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : pūjyatvena sarva-vṛkṣāṇāṃ madhye śreṣṭho 'śvattho 'haṃ devarṣīṇāṃ madhye parama-bhaktatvenotkṛṣṭo nārado 'ham | gandharvāṇāṃ madhye 'tigāyakatvenotkṛṣṭatvāc citraratho 'ham | siddhānāṃ svābhāvikāṇimādimatāṃ kapilaḥ kārdamir munir aham ||26||

BhG 10.27

śrīdharaḥ : uccaiḥśravasam iti | amṛtārthaṃ kṣīrodadhi-manthanād udbhūtam uccaiḥśravasam nāmāśvaṃ mad-vibhūtiṃ viddhi | amṛtodbhavam ity etad airāvate 'pi sambadhyate | narādhipaṃ rājānaṃ māṃ mad-vibhūtiṃ viddhi ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : aśvānāṃ madhya uccaiḥśravasam amṛta-mathanodbhavam aśvaṃ māṃ viddhi | airāvataṃ gajam amṛta-mathanodbhavam gajendrāṇāṃ madhye māṃ viddhi | narāṇāṃ ca madhye narādhipaṃ rājānaṃ māṃ viddhīty anuṣajyate ||27||

baladevaḥ : aśvānāṃ madhye uccaiḥśravasam | gajendrāṇāṃ madhye airāvataṃ ca māṃ viddhi | amṛtodbhavam amṛtārthakāt kṣīrābdhi-mathanāj jātam iti dvayor viśeṣaṇam | narādhipaṃ rājānaṃ asahya-tejasaṃ dharmiṣṭham ||27||

BhG 10.28

śrīdharaḥ : āyudhānām iti | āyudhānāṃ madhye vajram asmi | kāmān dogdhīti kāma-dhuk | prajanaḥ prajotpatti-hetuḥ kandarpaḥ kāmo 'smi | na kevalaṃ sambhoga-mātra-pradhānaḥ kāmo mad-vibhūtir aśāstrīyatvāt | sarpāṇām savidhānāṃ rājā vāsukir asmi ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ : āyudhānāṃ astrāṇāṃ madhye vajraṃ dadhīcer asth-sambhavam astram aham asmi | dhenūnāṃ dogdhrīṇāṃ madhye kāmaṃ dogdhīti kāma-dhuk | samudra-mathanodbhavā vasiṣṭhasya kāma-dhenur aham asmi | kāmānāṃ madhye prajanaḥ prajanayitā putrotpatty-artho yaḥ kandarpaḥ kāmaḥ so 'ham asmi | ca-kāras tv artho rati-mātra-hetu-kāma-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | sarpāś ca nāgāś ca jāti-bhedād bhidyante | tatra sarpāṇām madhye teṣāṃ rājā vāsukir aham asmi ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : kāma-dhuk kāma-dhenuḥ | kandarpānāṃ madhye prajanaḥ prajotpatti-hetuḥ kandarpo 'ham ||28||

baladevaḥ : āyudhānāṃ madhye vajraṃ pavir aham | kāma-dhuk vāñchita-pūrayitrī kāma-dhenur aham | prajanaḥ santānotpādakaḥ kandarpaḥ kāmo 'ham | rati-sukha-mātra-hetuḥ sa nāham iti ca-śabdāt | sarpāṇām eka-śirasāṃ madhye vāsukir aham ||28||

BhG 10.29

śrīdharaḥ : ananta iti | nāgānāṃ nirviṣāṇāṃ rājānantaḥ śeṣo 'ham | yādasām jala-carāṇāṃ rājā varuṇo 'ham | pitṝṇām rājāryamāsmi | saṃyamatām niyamanaṃ kurvatāṃ madhye yamo 'smi ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ : nāgānāṃ jāti-bhedānāṃ madhye teṣāṃ rājānantaś ca śeṣākhyo 'ham asmi | yādasām jala-carāṇāṃ madhye teṣāṃ rājā varuṇo 'ham asmi | pitṝṇām madhye 'ryamā nāma pitṛ-rājaś cāham asmi | saṃyamatām saṃyamaṃ dharmādharma-phala-dānenānugrahaṃ nigrahaṃ ca kurvatāṃ madhye yamo 'ham smi ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : yādasām jala-carāṇāṃ | saṃyamatām daṇḍayatām ||29||

baladevaḥ : nāgānām aneka-śirasāṃ madhye 'nantaḥ śeṣo 'ham | yādasām jala-jantūnām adhipo varuṇo 'ham | pitṝṇām rājāryamākhyaḥ pitṛ-devo 'ham | saṃyamatām daṇḍayatāṃ madhye nyāya-daṇḍa-kṛt yamo 'haṃ chādeśābhāva ārṣaḥ ||29||

BhG 10.30

śrīdharaḥ : prahlāda iti | kalayatāṃ vaśīkurvatāṃ gaṇayatāṃ vā madhye kālo 'ham asmi | mṛgendraḥ siṃhaḥ | pakṣiṇāṃ madhye vainateyo garuḍo 'smi ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : daityānāṃ diti-vaṃśyānāṃ madhye prakarṣeṇa hlādayaty ānandayati parama-sāttvikatvena sarvān iti prahlādaś cāsmi | kalayatāṃ saṅkhyānaṃ gaṇanaṃ kurvatāṃ madhye kālo 'ham | mṛgendraḥ siṃho mṛgāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ madhye 'ham | vainateyaś ca pakṣiṇāṃ vinatā-putro garuḍaḥ ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : kalayatāṃ vaśīkurvatām | mṛgendraḥ siṃhaḥ | vainateyo garuḍaḥ ||30||

baladevaḥ : daityānāṃ diti-vaṃśyānāṃ madhye teṣām adhipatir bhagavan-niṣṭhātiśayād varīyān prahlādo 'ham | kalayatāṃ vaśīkurvatāṃ madhye kālo 'ham | mṛgāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ madhye 'tivikrameṇotkṛṣṭo mṛgendraḥ siṃho 'ham | pakṣiṇāṃ madhye viṣṇu-rathatvenātiśreṣṭho vainateyo garuḍo 'ham ||30||

BhG 10.31

śrīdharaḥ : pavana iti | pavatāṃ pāvayitṝṇāṃ vegavatāṃ vā madhye vāyur aham asmi | śastra-bhṛtām vīrāṇāṃ rāmo dāśarathiḥ | yad vā rāmaḥ paraśurāmaḥ | jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyānāṃ madhye makaro nāma matsya-jāti-viśeṣo 'ham | srotasāṃ pravāhodakānāṃ madhye bhāgīrathī ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : pavatāṃ pāvayitṝṇāṃ vegavatāṃ vā madhye pavano vāyur aham asmi | śastrabhṛtām śastra-dhāriṇāṃ yuddha-kuśalānāṃ madhye rāmo dāśarathir akhila-rākṣasa-kula-kṣaya-karaḥ parama-vīro 'ham asmi | sākṣāt-svarūpasyāpy anena rūpeṇa cintanārthaṃ vṛṣṇīnāṃ vāsudevo 'smītivad atra pāṭha iti prāg uktam | jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyānāṃ madhye makaro nāma taj-jāti-viśeṣaḥ | srotasām vegena calaj-jalānāṃ nadīnāṃ madhye sarva-nadī-śreṣṭhā jāhnavī gaṅgāham asmi ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : pavatāṃ vegavatāṃ pavitrīkurvatāṃ vā madhye rāmaḥ paraśurāmas tasyāveśāvatāratvād āveśānāṃ ca jīva-viśeṣatvād yuktam eva vibhūtitvam | tathā ca bhāgavatāmṛta-dhṛta-pādma-vākyaṃ-

āviṣṭo bhārgave cābhūt iti ca |

āveśāvatāra-lakṣaṇaṃ ca tatraiva bhāgavatāmṛte yathā-

jñāna-śakty-ādi-kalayā yatrāviṣṭo janārdanaḥ |

jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyānāṃ makaro matsya-jāti-viśeṣaḥ | srotasām srotasvatīnām ||31||

baladevaḥ : pavatāṃ pāvanānāṃ vegavatāṃ ca madhye pavano vāyur aham | rāmaḥ paraśurāmaḥ | jhaṣāṇāṃ matsyānāṃ madhye makaras taj-jāti-viśeṣo 'ham | srotasām pravahaj-jalānāṃ madhye jāhnavī gaṅgāham ||31||

BhG 10.32

śrīdharaḥ : sargāṇām iti | sṛjyanta iti sargā ākāśādayaḥ | teṣām ādivantaś ca madhyaṃ caivāham | aham ādiś ca madhyaṃ cety atra sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartṛtvaṃ pāramaiśvaryam uktam | atra tūtpatti-sthiti-pralayā mad-vibhūtitvena dhyeyā ity ucyate iti viśeṣaḥ | adhyātma-vidyātma-vidyā | pravadatāṃ vādināṃ sambandhinyo vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍākhyās tisraḥ kathāḥ prasiddhāḥ | tāsāṃ madhye vādo 'ham | yatra dvābhyām api pramāṇatas tarkataś ca svapakṣaḥ sthāpyate para-pakṣaś ca cchala-jāti-nigraha-sthānais tat-pakṣaṃ dūṣayati na tu sva-pakṣaṃ sthāpayati, sā vitaṇḍā nāma kathā | tatra jalpa-vitaṇḍe vijigīṣamāṇayor vādinoḥ śakti-parīkṣā-mātra-phale | vādas tu vīta-rāgayoḥ śiṣyācāryayor anyayor vā tattva-nirūpaṇa-phalaḥ | ato 'sau śreṣṭhatvān mad-vibhūtir ity arthaḥ ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : sargāṇām acetana-sṛṣṭīnām ādir antaś ca madhyaṃ cotpatti-sthiti-layā aham eva | he arjuna | bhūtānāṃ jīvāviṣṭānāṃ cetanatvena prasiddhānām evādir antaś ca madhyaṃ cety uktam upakrame, iha tv acetana-sargāṇām iti na paunaruktyam | vidyānāṃ madhye 'dhyātma-vidyā mokṣa-hetur ātma-tattva-vidyāham | pravadatāṃ pravadat-sambandhināṃ kathā-bhedānāṃ vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍātmakānāṃ madhye vādo 'ham | bhūtānām asmi cetanety atra yathā bhūta-śabdena tat-sambandhinaḥ pariṇāmā lakṣitās tatheha pravadac-chabdena tat-sambandhinaḥ kathā-bhedā lakṣyante | ato nirdhāraṇopapattiḥ | yathā śrute tūbhayatrāpi sambandhe ṣaṣṭhī | tatra tattva-bubhutsvor vītarāgayoḥ sa-brahmacāriṇor guru-śiṣyayor vā pramāṇena tarkeṇa ca sādhana-dūṣaṇātmā sa-pakṣa-pratipakṣa-parigrahas tattva-nirṇaya-paryanto vādaḥ | tad uktaṃ pramāṇa-tarka-sādhanopālambhaḥ siddhāntāviruddhaḥ pañcāvayavopapannaḥ pakṣa-pratipakṣa-parigraho vādaḥ iti | vāda-phalasaya tattva-nirṇayasya durdurūḍha-vādi-nirākaraṇena saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ vijigīṣu-kathe jalpa-vitaṇḍe jaya-parāyaja-mātra-paryante | tad uktam tattvādhyavasāya-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jalpa-vitaṇḍe bīja-praroha-saṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ kaṇṭaka-śākhā-prāvaraṇavat [NyāyaD 4.2.47] iti | chala-jāti-nigraha-sthānaiḥ para-pakṣo dūṣyata iti jalpe vitaṇḍāyāṃ ca samānam | tatra vitaṇḍāyām ekena sva-pakṣaḥ sthāpyata eva, anyena ca sa dūṣyata eva | jalpe tūbhābhyām api sva-pakṣaḥ sthāpyata ubhābhyām api para-pakṣo dūṣyata iti viśeṣaḥ | tad uktaṃ yathoktopapanna-cchala-jāti-nigraha-sthāna-sādhanopalambho jalpaḥ sa pratipakṣa-sthāpanā-hīno vitaṇḍā iti | ato vitaṇḍā-dvaya-śarīratvāj jalpo nāma naikā kathā, kintu śakty-atiśaya-jñānārthaṃ samaya-bandha-mātreṇa pravartata iti khaṇḍana-kārāḥ | tattvādhyvasāya-paryavasāyitvena tu vādasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam eva ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ : sṛjyanta iti sargā ākāśādayas teṣām ādiḥ sṛṣṭir antaḥ saṃhāraḥ | madhyaṃ pālanaṃ ceti sṛṣṭi-sthiti-pralayā mad-vibhūtitvena dhyeyā ity arthaḥ | aham ādiś ca madhyaṃ cety atra sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartā parameśvara evoktaḥ | vidyānāṃ jñānānāṃ madhye aham ātma-vidyā ātma-jñānam | pravadatāṃ sva-pakṣaṃ sthāpana-para-pakṣa-dūṣaṇādi-rūpa-jalpa-vitaṇḍādi-kurvatāṃ vādas tattva-nirṇayaḥ pravṛtti-siddhānte yaḥ so 'ham ||32||

baladevaḥ : sargāṇāṃ mahad-ādīnāṃ jaḍa-sṛṣṭīnām ādir anto madhyaṃ cāham iti teṣāṃ sarga-saṃhāra-pālanāni mad-vibhūtitayā bhāvyānīty arthaḥ | aham ādiś ca ity ādau mat-svāṃśa-cetanānāṃ bhūtānāṃ sargādi-hetur mad-vibhūtir ity uktamato na punaḥ punar-uktiḥ |

ity uktānāṃ vidyānāṃ madhye 'dhyātma-vidyā saparikara-paramātma-nirṇetrī caturlakṣaṇī vedānta-vidyāham evety arthaḥ | pravadatāṃ sambandhī yo vādaḥ so 'ham | teṣāṃ khalu vāda-jalpa-vitaṇḍās tisraḥ kathāḥ prasiddhāḥ | tatrobhaya-sādhanavatī vijigīṣu-kathā jalpaḥ | yatrobhābhyāṃ pramāṇena tarkenṇa sva-pakṣaḥ sthāpyate chala-jāti-nigraha-sthānaiḥ para-pakṣo dūṣyate sva-pakṣa-sthāpana-hanā para-pakṣa-dūṣaṇāvasānā kathā vitaṇḍā | ete pravadator vijigīṣvoḥ śakti-mātra-parīkṣake niṣphale tattva-bubhutsu-kathā vādaḥ | sa ca tattva-nirṇaya-phalakatvenotkṛṣṭatvān mad-vibhūtir iti ||32||

BhG 10.33

śrīdharaḥ : akṣarāṇām iti | akṣarāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ madhye akāro 'smi | tasya sarva-vāṅmayatvena śreṣṭhatvāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ akāro vai sarvā vāk saiṣā sparśoṣambhir vyajyamānā bahvī nānā-rūpā bhavati [Ai.Ā. 1.3.6] iti | sāmāsikasya samāsa-samūhasya madhye dvandvaḥ rāma-kṛṣṇāv ity-ādi-sāmāso 'smi | ubhaya-pada-pradhānatvena śreṣṭhatvāt | akṣayaḥ pravāha-rūpaḥ kālo 'ham eva | kālaḥ kalayatām aham ity atrāyur gaṇanātmakaḥ saṃvatsara-śatādy-āyuḥ svarūpaḥ kāla uktaḥ | sa ca tasminn āyuṣi kṣīṇe sati kṣīyate | atra tu pravāhātmako 'kṣayaḥ kāla ucyate iti viśeṣaḥ | karma-phala-vidhātṝṇāṃ madhye viśvatomukho dhātā | sarva-karma-phala-vidhātāhaṃ ity arthaḥ ||33||

madhusūdanaḥ : akṣarāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ varṇānāṃ madhye 'kāro 'ham asmi | a-kāro vai sarvā vāk [Ai.Ā. 1.3.6] iti śrutes tasya śreṣṭhatvaṃ prasiddham | dvandvaḥ samāsa ubhaya-padārtha-pradhānaḥ sāmāsikasya samāsa-samūhasya madhye 'ham asmi | pūrva-padārtha-pradhāno 'vyayībhāva uttara-padārtha-pradhānas tatpuruṣo 'nyapadārtha-pradhāno bahuvrīhir iti teṣām ubhaya-padārtha-sāmyābhāvenāpakṛṣṭatvāt | kṣayi-kālābhimāny akṣayaḥ kālaḥ jñaḥ kāla-kālo guṇī sarva-vidyaḥ ity ādi-śruti-prasiddho 'ham eva | kālaḥ kalayatām aham ity atra tu kṣayī kāla ukta iti bhedaḥ | karma-phala-vidhātṝṇāṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : sāmāsikasya samāsa-samūhasya madhye dvandvaḥ ubhaya-padārtha-pradhānatvena tasya samāseṣu śraiṣṭhyāt | akṣayaḥ kālaḥ saṃhartṝṇāṃ madhye mahākālo rudro viśvatomukhaś caturbhyo 'haṃ dhātā sraṣṭṝṇāṃ madhye brahmā ||33||

baladevaḥ : akṣarāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ madhye 'ham a-kāro 'smi | a-kāro vai sarvā vāk [Ai.Ā. 1.3.6] iti śrutiś ca | sāmāsikasya samāsa-samūhasya madhye dvandvo 'ham | avyayībhāva-tatpuruṣa-bahuvrīhiṣūbhaya-padārtha-pradhānatā-virahiṣu madhye tasyobhaya-padārtha-pradhānatayotkṛṣṭtatvāt | saṃhartṝṇāṃ madhye 'kṣayaḥ | kālaḥ saṅkarṣaṇa-mukhotthaḥ kālāgnir aham | sraṣṭṝṇāṃ madhye viśvatomukhaś catur-vaktro dhātā vidhir aham ||33||

BhG 10.34

śrīdharaḥ : mṛtyur iti | saṃhārakānāṃ madhye sarvaharo mṛtyur aham | bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvi-kalyāṇānāṃ prāṇinām udbhavo 'bhudayo 'ham | nārīṇāṃ madhye kīrty-ādyāḥ spata-devatā-rūpāḥ striyo 'ham | yāsām ābhāsa-mātra-yogena prāṇinaḥ ślāghyā bhavanti tāḥ kīrty-ādyāḥ striyo mad-vibhūtayaḥ ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : saṃhāra-kāriṇāṃ madhye sarva-haraḥ sarva-saṃhāra-kārī mṛtyur aham | bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvi-kalyāṇānāṃ ya udbhava utkarṣaḥ sa cāham eva | nārīṇāṃ madhye kīrtiḥ śrīr vāk smṛtir medhā dhṛtiḥ kṣameti ca sapta dharma-patnyo 'ham eva | tatra kīrtir dhārmikatva-nimittā praśastatvena nānā-dig-deśīya-loka-jñāna-viṣayatā-rūpā khyātiḥ | śrīr dharmārtha-kāma-sampat śarīra-śobhā vā kāntir vā | vāk sarasvatī sarvasyārthasya prakāśikā saṃskṛtā vāṇī | ca-kārān mūrtyādayo 'pi dharma-patnyo gṛhyante | smṛtiś cirānubhūtārtha-smaraṇa-śaktiḥ | aneika-granthārtha-dhāraṇā-śaktir medhā | dhṛtir avasāde 'pi śarīrendriya-saṃghātottambhana-śaktiḥ | ucchṛṅkhala-pravṛtti-kāraṇena cāpala-prāptau tan-nivartana-śaktir vā | kṣamā harṣa-viṣādayor avikṛta-cittatā | yāsām ābhāsa-mātra-sambandhenāpi janaḥ sarva-lokādaraṇīyo bhavati tāsāṃ sarva-strīṣūttamatvam atiprasiddham eva ||34||

viśvanāthaḥ : prātikṣaṇikānāṃ mṛtyūnāṃ madhye sarvaharaḥ sarva-smṛti-haro mṛtyur ahaṃ yad uktaṃ mṛtyur atyanta-vismṛtiḥ iti | bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvināṃ prāṇi-vikārāṇāṃ madhye udbhavaḥ prathama-vikāro jagmāham | nārīṇāṃ madhye kīrtiḥ khyātiḥ | śrīḥ kāntiḥ vāk saṃsmṛtā vāṇīti tisras tathā smṛty-ādayaś catasraḥ ca-kārāt mūrtyādayaś cānyā dharma-patnyaś cāham ||34||

baladevaḥ : prātikṣaṇikānāṃ mṛtyūnāṃ madhye sarva-smṛti-haro mṛtyur aham | bhaviṣyatāṃ bhāvināṃ prāṇi-vikārāṇām udbhavo janmākhyaḥ prathama-vikāro 'ham | nārīṇāṃ madhye kīrty-ādayaḥ sapta mad-vibhūtayaḥ | daivatā hy etāḥ | yāsām ābhāsenāpi narāḥ ślāghyā bhavanti | tatra kīrtir dhārmikatvādi-sādguṇya-khyātiḥ | śrīs tri-varga-sampat kāya-dyutir vā | vāk sarvārtha-vyañjakā saṃskṛta-bhāṣā | smṛtir anubhūtārtha-smaraṇa-śaktiḥ | medhā bahu-śāstrārthāvadhāraṇa-śaktiḥ | dhṛtiś cāpalya-prāptau tan-nivartana-śaktiḥ | kṣamā harṣe viṣāde ca prāpte nirvikāra-cittatā ||34||

BhG 10.35

śrīdharaḥ : bṛhat-sāmeti | tvām iddhi havāmahe [Rv 6.46.1] ity asyām ṛci gīyamānaṃ bṛhat-sāma | tena cendraṃ sarveśvaratvena sthūyata iti śraiṣṭhyam | chanda-viśiṣṭānāṃ mantrāṇāṃ madhye gāyatrī mantro 'ham | dvijatvāpādakatvena somāharaṇe ca śreṣṭhatvāt | kusumākaro vasantaḥ ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ : vedānāṃ sāmavedo 'smīty uktaṃ tatrāyam anyo viśeṣaḥ sāmnām ṛg-akṣarārūḍhānāṃ gīti-viśeṣāṇāṃ madhye tvām iddhi havāmaha [Rv 6.46.1] ity asyām ṛci gīti-viśeṣo bṛhat-sāma | tac cātirātre pṛṣṭha-stotraṃ sarveśvaratvenendra-stuti-rūpam anyataḥ śreṣṭhatvād aham | chandasāṃ niyatākṣara-pādatva-rūpa-cchando-viśiṣṭānām ṛcāṃ madhye dvijāter dvitīya-janma-hetutvena prātaḥ-savanādi-savana-traya-vyāpitvena tirṣṭubh-jagatībhyāṃ somāharaṇārthaṃ gatābhyāṃ somo na labdho 'kṣarāṇi ca hāritāni jagatyā trīṇi triṣṭubhaikam iti catvāri tair akṣaraiḥ saha somasyāharaṇena ca sarva-śreṣṭhā gāyatry-ṛg aham | catur-akṣarāṇi ha vā agre chandāṃsy āsutato jagatī somam acchātpat sā trīṇy akṣarāṇi hitvā jagām tatas triṣṭup somam acchāpatat saikam akṣaraṃ hitvāpatat tato gāyatrī somam acchāpatat sā tāni cākṣarāṇi haranty āgacchat somaṃ ca tasmād aṣṭākṣarā gāyatrī ity upakramya tadāhur gāyatrāṇi vai sarvāṇi savanāni gāyatrī hy evaitad upasṛjamānaiḥ iti śatapatha-śruteḥ | gāyatrī vā idaṃ sarvaṃ bhūtam ity-ādi-chāndogya-śruteś ca |

māsānāṃ dvādaśānāṃ madhye 'bhinivaśāli-vāstūka-śākādi-śālī śīrtātapa-śūnyatvena ca sukha-hetur mārgaśīrṣo 'ham | ṛtūnāṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ madhye kusumākaraḥ sarva-sugandhi-kusumānām ākaro 'tiramaṇīyo vasantaḥ | vasante brāhmaṇam upanayīta | vasante brāhmaṇo 'gnīnād adhīta | vasante vasante jyotiṣā yajeta | tad vai vasanta evābhyārabheta | vasanto vai brāhamasya rtuḥ | ity ādi-śāstra-prasiddho 'ham asmi ||35||

viśvanāthaḥ : vedānāṃ sāmavedo 'smīty uktam | tatra sāmnām api madhye bṛhat-sāma tvām iddhi havāmahe [Rv 6.46.1] ity asyām ṛci vigīyamānaṃ bṛhat-sāma | chandasāṃ madhye gāyatrī nāma chandaḥ | kusumākaro vasantaḥ ||35||

baladevaḥ : vedānāṃ sāmavedo 'smīty uktaṃ prāk | tatrānyaṃ viśeṣam āha bṛhad iti | sāmnām ṛg-akṣara-rūḍhānāṃ gīti-viśeṣāṇāṃ madhye tvām iddhi havāmahe [Rv 6.46.1] ity asyām ṛci gītiṃ viśeṣo bṛhat-sāma tac cātirātre pṛṣṭha-stotraṃ sarveśvaratvendra-stuti-rūpam anya-sāmotkṛṣṭatvād aham | chandasāṃ niyatākṣara-pādatva-rūpa-cchando-viśiṣṭānām ṛcāṃ madhye gāyatrī ṛg ahaṃ dvijāter dvitīya-janma-hetutvena tasyāḥ śraiṣṭhyāt | gāyatrī vā idaṃ sarvaṃ bhūtaṃ yad idaṃ kiṃ ca iti brahmāvatāratva-śravaṇāc ca | mārgaśīrṣo 'ham ity abhinava-dhānāydi-sampattyā tasyānyebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyāt | kusumākaro vasanto 'ham iti śītātapābhāvena vividha-sugandhi-puṣpamayatvena mad-utsava-hetutvena ca tasyānyebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyāt ||35||

BhG 10.36

śrīdharaḥ : dyūtam iti | chalayatāṃ anyonya-vañcana-parāṇāṃ sambandhi dyūtam asmi | tejasvinām prabhāvavatāṃ tejaḥ prabhāvo 'smi | jetṝṇāṃ jayo 'smi | vyavasāyinām udyamavatāṃ vyavasāya udyamo 'smi | sattvavatāṃ sāttvikānāṃ sattvam aham ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : chalayatāṃ chalasya para-vañcanasya kartṝṇāṃ sambandhi dyūtam akṣa-devanādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sarvasvāpahārakāraṇam aham asmi | tejasvinām atyugra-prabhāvavatāṃ sambandhi tejo 'pratihatājñatvam aham asmi | jetṝṇāṃ parājitāpekṣayotkarṣa-lakṣaṇo jayo 'smi | vyavasāyināṃ vyavasāyaḥ phalāvyabhicāry-udyamo 'ham asmi | sattvavatāṃ sāttvikānāṃ dharma-jñāna-vairāgyaiśvarya-lakṣaṇaṃ sattva-kāryam evātra sattvam aham ||36||

viśvanāthaḥ : chalayatām anyo 'nya-vañcana-parāṇāṃ sambandhi dyūtam asmi | jetṝṇāṃ jayo 'smi | vyavasāyinām udyamavatāṃ vyavasāyo 'smi | sattvavatām balavatāṃ sattvaṃ balam asmi ||36||

baladevaḥ : chalatāṃ mitho vañcanāṃ kurvatāṃ sambandhi dyūtaṃ sarvasva-haram akṣadevanādy aham | tejasvinām prabhāvatāṃ sambandhi tejaḥ prabhāvo 'ham | asmi | jetṝṇāṃ parājitāpekṣayotkarṣa-lakṣaṇo jayo 'smi | jetṝṇāṃ sambandhi jayo 'ham | vyavasāyinām udyamināṃ sambandhī vyavasāyaḥ | phalavān udyamo 'ham | sattvavatām balināṃ sambandhī sattvaṃ balam aham ||36||

BhG 10.37

śrīdharaḥ : vṛṣṇīnām iti | vāsudevo yo 'haṃ tvām upadiśāmi | dhanañjayas tvam eva yad vibhūtiḥ | munīnāṃ vedārtha-manana-śīlānāṃ veda-vyāso 'ham | kavīnāṃ krānta-darśinām uśanā nāma kaviḥ śukraḥ ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : sākṣād īśvarasyāpi vibhūti-madhye pāṭhas tena rūpeṇa cintanārtha iti prāg evoktam | vṛṣṇīnāṃ madhye vāsudevo vasudeva-putratvena prasiddhas tvad-upadeṣṭāyam aham | tathā pāṇḍavānāṃ madhye dhanañjayas tvam evāham | munīnāṃ manana-śīlānām api madhye veda-vyāso 'ham | kavīnāṃ krānta-darśināṃ sūkṣmārtha-vivekināṃ madhye uśanā kavir iti khyātaḥ śukro 'ham||37||

viśvanāthaḥ : vṛṣṇīnāṃ madhye vāsudevo vasudevo mat-pitā mad-vibhūtiḥ | prajñāditvāt svārthiko 'ṇ [Pāṇ 5.4.38] vṛṣṇīnām aham evāsmi ity anukter asyānyārthatā neṣṭā ||37||

baladevaḥ : vṛṣṇīnāṃ madhye vāsudevo vasudeva-putraḥ saṅkarṣaṇo 'ham | na ca vāsudevaḥ kṛṣṇo 'ham iti vyākhyeyaṃ tasya svayaṃrūpasya vibhūtitvāyogāt | mahat-sraṣṭādīnāṃ vāmana-kapilādīnāṃ ca sākṣād īśvaratve 'pi vibhūtitvenoktiḥ svāṃśāvatāratvāt tena rūpeṇa cintyatva-vivakṣayā vā yujyate | svāṃśatvaṃ cānabhivyañjita-sarva-śaktitvaṃ bodhyam | pāṇḍavānāṃ madhye dhanañjayas tvam aham asmi | nāvatāratvenānyebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyāt | munīnāṃ devārtha-manana-parāṇāṃ madhye vyāso bādarāyaṇo 'ham | mad-avatāratvena tasyānyebhyaḥ śraiṣṭhyāt | kavīnāṃ sūkṣmārtha-vivecakānāṃ madhye uśanāḥ śukro 'ham | yaḥ kavir iti khyātaḥ ||37||

BhG 10.38

śrīdharaḥ : daṇḍa iti | damayatāṃ damana-kartṝṇāṃ sambandhī daṇḍo 'smi | yenāsaṃyatā api saṃyatā bhavanti sa daṇḍo mad-vibhūtiḥ | jetum icchatāṃ sambandhinī sāmād apy upāya-rūpā nītir asmi | guhyānāṃ gopyānāṃ gopana-hetu-maunam avacanam aham asmi | na hi tūṣṇīṃ sthitasyābhiprāyo jñāyate | jñānavatāṃ tattva-jñānināṃ yaj jñānam tad aham asmi ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : damayatām adāntān utpathān pathi pravartayatām utpatha-pravṛttau nigraha-hetur daṇḍo 'ham asmi | jigīṣatāṃ jetum icchatāṃ nītir nyāyo jayopāyasya prakāśako 'ham asmi | guhyānāṃ gopyānāṃ gopana-hetur maunaṃ vācaṃ-yamatvam aham asmi | nahi tūṣṇīṃ sthitasyābhiprāyo jñāyate | guhyānāṃ gopyānāṃ madhye sa-saṃnyāsa-śravaṇa-manana-pūrvakam ātmano nididhyāsana-lakṣaṇaṃ maunaṃ vāham asmi | jñānavatāṃ jñānināṃ yac-chravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsana-paripāka-prabhavam advitīyātma-sākṣātkāra-rūpaṃ sarvājñāna-virodhi jñānaṃ tad aham asmi ||38||

baladevaḥ : damayatāṃ daṇḍa-kartṝṇāṃ sambandhī daṇḍo 'ham | yenotpathagāḥ sat-pathe caranti sa daṇḍo mad-vibhūtir ity arthaḥ | jigīṣatāṃ jetum icchatāṃ sambandhinī nītir nyāyo 'ham | guhyānāṃ śravaṇādibhyāṃ tasya śraiṣṭhyāt | jñānavatāṃ parāvarat-tattva-vidāṃ sambandhī tat-tad-viṣayaka-jñānam aham ||38||

BhG 10.39

śrīdharaḥ : yac cāpīti | yad api ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ tad aham | tatra hetuḥ -mayā vinā yat syād bhavet tac caram acaraṃ vā bhūtaṃ nāsty eveti ||39||

madhusūdanaḥ : yad api ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ bījaṃ tan-māyopādhikaṃ caitanyam aham eva | he arjuna ! mayā vinā yat syād bhave caram acaraṃ vā bhūtaṃ vastu tan nāsty eva yataḥ sarvaṃ mat-kāryam evety arthaḥ ||39||

viśvanāthaḥ : bījaṃ prarohakāraṇaṃ yat tad aham asmi | tatra hetuḥ -- mayā vinā yat syāt caram acaraṃ vā tan naivāsti mithyaivety arthaḥ ||39||

baladevaḥ : yac ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ bījaṃ praroha-kāraṇaṃ tad apy aham | tatra hetuḥ - na tad iti | mayā sarva-śaktimatāṃ pareśena vinā yac caram acaraṃ ca bhūtaṃ tattvaṃ syāt tan nāsti mṛṣaivety arthaḥ ||39||

BhG 10.40

śrīdharaḥ : prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharati nānto 'stīti | anantatvād vibhūtīnāṃ tāḥ sākalyena vaktuṃ na śakyate | eṣa tu vibhūti-vistara uddeśata saṅkṣepataḥ proktaḥ ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharan vibhūtiṃ saṃkṣipati nānto 'stīti | he parantapa pareṣāṃ śatrūṇāṃ kāma-krodhya-lobhādīnāṃ tāpa-janaka ! mama divyānāṃ vibhūtīnām anta iyattā nāsti | ataḥ sarvajñenāpi sā na śakyate jñātuṃ vaktuṃ vā san-mātra-viṣayatvāt sarvajñatāyāḥ | eṣa tu tvāṃ pratyuddeśata eka-deśena prokto vibhūter vistaro vistāro mayā ||40||

baladevaḥ : prakaraṇam upasaṃharati nānto 'stīti | vistaro vistāra uddeśata eka-deśata eka-deśena proktaḥ ||40||

BhG 10.41

śrīdharaḥ : punaś ca sākaṅkṣaṃ prati kathañcit sākalyena kathayati yad yad iti | vibhūtimad aiśvarya-yuktam | śrīmat sampatti-yuktam | ūrjitaṃ kenāpi prabhāva-balādinā guṇenātiśayitam | yad yat sattvaṃ vastu-mātraṃ bhavet, tat tad eva mama tejasaḥ prabhāvasyāṃśena sambhūtaṃ jānīhi ||41||

madhusūdanaḥ : anuktā api bhagavato vibhūtīḥ saṅgrahītum upalakṣaṇam idam ucyate yad yad iti | yad yat sattvaṃ prāṇi-vibhūtimad aiśvarya-yuktam, tathā śrīmat śrīr lakṣmīḥ sampat, śobhā, kāntir vā tayā yuktam | tayorjitaṃ balādy-atiśayena yuktaṃ tat tad eva mama tejasaḥ śakter aṃśena sambhūtaṃ tvam avagaccha jānīhi ||41||

viśvanāthaḥ : anuktā api traikālikīr vibhūtīḥ saṅgrahītum āha yad yad iti | vibhūtimad aiśvarya-yuktam | śrīmat sampatti-yuktam ūrjitaṃ bala-prabhāvādy-adhikaṃ sattvaṃ vastu-mātram ||41||

baladevaḥ : anuktā vibhūtīḥ saṅgrahītum āha yad yad iti | vibhūtimad aiśvarya-yuktam | śrīmat saundaryeṇa sampattyā vā yuktam ūrjitaṃ balena yuktaṃ vā yad yat sattvaṃ vastu bhavati, tat tad eva mama tejo 'ṃśena śakti-leśena sambhavaṃ siddham avagaccha pratīhīti svāyattatva-svavyāpyatvābhyāṃ sarve 'bheda-nirdeśā nītā vāmanādīnāṃ tan-nirdeśās tu saṅgamitāḥ santi ||41||

BhG 10.42

śrīdharaḥ : athavā kim etena paricchinna-vibhūti-darśanena ? sarvatra mad-dṛṣṭim eva kurv ity āha athaveti | bahunā pṛthak-jñātena kiṃ tava kāryam ? yasmād idaṃ sarvaṃ jagad ekāṃśenaika-deśa-mātreṇa viṣṭabhya dhṛtvā vyāpyeti vā aham eva sthitaḥ | mad-vyatiriktaṃ kiṃcid asti pādo 'sya viśvā bhūtāni tripādayāmṛtaṃ divi [Rv 8.4.17.3] iti śruteḥ | tasmāt kim anena paricchinna-darśanena sarvatra mad-dṛṣṭim eva kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ ||42||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ vibhūti-yogo nāma daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam avayavaśo vibhūtim uktvā sākalyena tām āha athaveti | athaveti pakṣāntare | bahunaitena sāvaśeṣeṇa jñātena kiṃ tava syāt | he arjuna ! idaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sarvaṃ jagad ekāṃśenaikadeśa-mātreṇa viṣṭabhya vidhṛtya vyāpya vāham eva sthito na mad-vyatiriktaṃ kiṃcid asti pādo 'sya viśvā bhūtāni tripādayāmṛtaṃ divi iti śruteḥ | tasmāt kim anena paricchinna-darśanena sarvatra mad-dṛṣṭim eva kurv ity abhiprāyaḥ ||42||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām adhikāri-bhedena vibhūti-yogo nāma daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : bahunā pṛthak-pṛthag-jñātena kiṃ phalaṃ samuditam eva jānīhīty āha viṣṭabhyeti | ekāṃśenaikenaivāṃśena prakṛty-antaryāminā puruṣa-rūpeṇaivedaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ jagad viṣṭabhyādhiṣṭhānatvād vidhṛtyādhiṣṭhātṛtvād adhiṣṭhāya | niyantṛtvān niyamya vyāpakatvād vyāpya kāraṇatvāt sṛṣṭvā sthito 'smi ||42||

baladevaḥ : evam avayavaśo vibhūtīr apavarṇya sāmsatyena tāḥ prāha athaveti | bahunā pṛthak-pṛthag-upadiśyamānena vibhūti-viṣayakeṇa jñānena tava kiṃ prayojanam | he arjuna ! cid-acid-ātmakaṃ hara-viriñci-pramukhaṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagad aham ekenaiva prakṛtyādy-antaryāmiṇā puruṣākhyenāṃśena viṣṭabhya sraṣṭṛtvāt sraṣṭā dhārakatvād dhṛtvā vyāpakatvād vyāpya pālakatvāt pālayitvā ca sthito 'smīti sarjanādīni mad-vibhūtayo mad-vyāpteṣu sarveṣv aiśvaryādi-sarvāṇi vastūni mad-vibhūtitayā bodhyānīti ||42||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ ||10||

[*ENDNOTE] marīcir atry-aṅgirasau pulastyaḥ pulahaḥ kratuḥ | vasiṣṭhaś ca mahābhāgaḥ sadṛśā vai svayambhuvā || sapta brahmāṇa ity eṣa purāṇe niścayo gataḥ || [Mbh 12.201.4-5 (or 12.335.28-29]

Bhagavadgita 11

BhG 11.1

pūrvādhyāyānte viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat iti viśvātmakaṃ pārameśvaraṃ rūpam utkṣiptam | tad-didṛkṣuḥ pūrvoktam abhinandann arjuna uvāca mad-anugrahāyeti caturbhiḥ | mad-anugrahāya śoka-nivṛttaye | paramaṃ paramātma-niṣṭhaṃ guhyaṃ gopyam api adhyātma-saṃjñitam ātmānātma-viveka-viṣayam | yat tvayoktaṃ vacaḥ aśocyān anvaśocas tvam ity ādi ṣaṣṭhādhyāya-paryantaṃ yad vākyam | tena mamāyaṃ mohaḥ - ahaṃ hantā ete hanyante ity ādi lakṣaṇo bhramaḥ | vigato vinaṣṭaḥ | ātmanaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvādhyāye nānā-vibhūtīr uktvā viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat iti viśvātmakaṃ pārameśvaraṃ rūpaṃ bhagavatābhihitaṃ śrutvā paramotkaṇṭhitas tat-sākṣātkartum icchan pūrvoktam abhinandan mad iti | mad-anugrahāya śoka-nivṛtty-upakārāya paramaṃ niratiśaya-puruṣārtha-paryavasāyi guhyaṃ gopyaṃ yasmai kasmaicid vaktum anarham api | adhyātma-saṃjñitam adhyātmam iti śabditam ātmānātma-viveka-viṣayam aśocyān anvaśocas tvam ity ādi-ṣaṣṭhādhyāya-paryantaṃ tv apadārtha-pradhānaṃ yat tvayā parama-kāruṇikena sarvajñenoktaṃ vaco vākyaṃ tena vākyenāham eṣāṃ hantā mayaite hanyanta ity ādivividha-viparyāsa-lakṣaṇo moho 'yam anubhava-sākṣiko vigato vinaṣṭo mama | tatrāsakṛd ātmanaḥ sarva-vikriyā-śūnyatvokteḥ ||1||

viśvanāthaḥ :

pūrvādhyāyānte viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat iti sarva-vibhūty-āśrayam ādi-puruṣaṃ sva-priya-sakhasyāṃśaṃ śrutvā paramānanda-nimagnas tad-rūpaṃ didṛkṣamāṇo bhagavad-uktam abhinandati mad-anugrahāyeti tribhiḥ | adhyātmaṃ iti saptamy-arthe avyayībhāvād ātmanīty arthaḥ | ātmani yā yā saṃjñā vibhūti-lakṣaṇā sā saṃjātā yasya tad-vacaḥ | mohas tad-aiśvaryājñānam ||1||

baladevaḥ :

pūrvatra aham ātmā guḍākeśa sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitaḥ iti vibhūti-kathanopakrame viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam iti tad-upasaṃhāre ca nikhila-vibhūty-āśrayo mahat-sraṣṭā puruṣaḥ svasya kṛṣṇasyāvatāraḥ, sa tu mahat-sraṣṭādi-sarvāvatārīti tan-mukhāt pratītya sakhyānanda-sindhu-nimagno 'rjunas tat-puruṣa-rūpaṃ didṛkṣuḥ kṛṣṇoktam anuvadati mad iti | mad-anugrahāyādhyātma-saṃjñitam vibhūti-viṣayakaṃ yad vacas tvayoktaṃ tena mama mohaḥ kathaṃ vidyām ity-ādy-ukto vigato naṣṭaḥ | adhyātmam ātmani paramātmani tvayi yā vibhūti-lakṣaṇā saṃjñā sā jātā | yasya tad-vacaḥ vibhakty-arthe 'vyayībhāvaḥ | paramaṃ guhyam atirahasyaṃ tvad-anyāgamyam ity arthaḥ ||1||

BhG 11.2

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca bhavāpyayāv iti | bhūtānāṃ bhavāpyayau sṛṣṭi-pralayau tvattaḥ sakāśād eva bhavataḥ | iti śrutaṃ mayā | ahaṃ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ prabhavaḥ pralayas tathā ity ādau | vistaraśaḥ punaḥ punaḥ | kamalasya patre iva suprasanne viśāle akṣiṇī yasya tava he kamala-patrākṣa ! māhātmyam api cāvyayam akṣayaṃ śrutam | viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartṛtve 'pi sarva-niyantṛtve 'pi śubhāśubha-karma-kārayitṛtve 'pi bandha-mokṣādi-vicitra-phala-dātṛtve 'pi avikārāvaidharmyāsaṅgaudāsīnyādi-lakṣaṇam aparimitaṃ mahattvaṃ ca śrutam - avyaktaṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ manyante mām abuddhayaḥ iti | mayā tatam idaṃ sarvam iti | na ca māṃ tāni karmāṇi nibadhnanti iti | samo 'haṃ sarva-bhūteṣu ity ādinā | atas tvat-paratantratvād api jīvānām ahaṃ kartety ādir madīyo moho vigata iti bhāvaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tathā saptamād ārabhya daśama-paryantaṃ tat-padārtha-nirṇaya-pradhānam api bhagavato vacanaṃ mayā śrutam ity āha bhavāpyayāv iti | bhūtānāṃ bhavāpyayāv utpatti-pralayau tvatta eva bhavantau tvatta eva vistaraśo mayā śrutau na tu saṃkṣepeṇāsakṛd ity arthaḥ | kamalasya patre iva dīrghe raktānte parama-manorame akṣiṇī yasya tava sa tvaṃ he kamala-patrākṣa ! atisaundaryātiśayollekho 'yaṃ premātiśayāt | na kevalaṃ bhavāpyayau tvattaḥ śrutau mahātmanas tava bhāvo māhātmyam atiśayaiśvaryaṃ viśva-sṛṣṭy-ādi-kartṛtve 'py avikāre tvaṃ śubhāśubha-karma-kārayitṛtve 'py avaiṣamyaṃ bandha-mokṣādi-vicitra-phala-dātṛtve

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca bhaveti | he kamala-patrākṣa ! kamala-patre ivātiramye dīrgha-raktānte cākṣiṇī yasyeti premātiśayāt saundaryātiśayollekhaḥ | tvattas tvad-dhetukau bhūtānāṃ bhavāpyayau sarga-pralayau mayā tvattaḥ sakāśād vistaraśo 'sakṛt śrutau ahaṃ kṛtsnasya jagataḥ prabhavaḥ pralayas tathā ity ādināvyayaṃ nityaṃ māhātmyam aiśvaryaṃ ca tava sarva-kartṛtve 'pi nirvikāratvaṃ sarva-niyantṛte 'py asaṅgatvam ity evam ādi tvatta eva mayā vistaraśaḥ śrutam mayā tatam idaṃ sarvam ity ādibhiḥ ||2||

BhG 11.3

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca evam etad iti | bhavāpyayau hi bhūtānām ity ādi mayā śrutam | yathā cedānīm ātmānaṃ tvam āttha viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat ity evaṃ kathayasi he parameśvara | evam eva tat | atrāpy aviśvāso mama nāsti | tathāpi he puruṣottama tavaiśvarya-śakti-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sampannaṃ tad-rūpaṃ kautūhalād ahaṃ draṣṭum icchāmi ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : he parameśvara yathā yena prakāreṇa sopādhikena nirupādhikena ca niratiśaiśvaryeṇātmānaṃ tvam āttha kathayasi tvam evam etan nānyathā | tvad-vacasi kutrāpi mamāviśvāsa-śaṅkā nāsty evety arthaḥ | yadyapy evaṃ tathāpi kṛtārthī-bubhūṣayā draṣṭum icchāmi te tava rūpam aiśvaraṃ jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sampannam adbhutaṃ he puruṣottama | sambodhanena tvad-vacasy aviśvāso mama nāsti didṛkṣā ca mahatī vartata iti sarvajñatvāt tvaṃ jānāsi sarvāntaryāmitvāc ceti sūcayati ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : idānīm ātmānaṃ tvam yathāttha viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ kṛtsnam ekāṃśena sthito jagat iti, tac caivam eva mama nātra ko 'py aviśvāso 'stīti bhāvaḥ | kintu tad api saṃhṛtārtho bubhūṣayā tavaiśvaraṃ tad-rūpaṃ draṣṭum icchāmi yenaikāṃśeneśvara-rūpeṇa tvaṃ jagat viṣṭabhya vartase | tasyaiva te rūpam aham idānīṃ cakṣurbhyāṃ draṣṭum icchāmīty arthaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : evam iti viṣṭabhyāham idaṃ ity ādinā yathā tam ātmānaṃ svam āttha bravīṣi, tad etad evam eva na tava me saṃśaya-leśo 'pi tathāpi tavaiśvaraṃ sarva-praśāstṛ tad-rūpam ahaṃ kautukād draṣṭum icchāmi | he parameśvara he puruṣottameti sambodhayan mama tad-didṛkṣāṃ jānāsy eva | tāṃ pūrayeti vyañjayati | madhura-rasāsvādinaḥ kaṭu-rasa-jighṛkṣāvat-tvan-mādhuryānubhavino me tvad-aiśvaryānu-bubhī̀uṣābhyudetīti bhāvaḥ ||3||

BhG 11.4

śrīdharaḥ : na cāhaṃ draṣṭum icchāmīty etāvataiva tvayā tad-rūpaṃ darśayitavyam | kiṃ tarhi ? manyasa iti | yogina eva yogāḥ | teṣām īśvaraḥ | mayārjunena tad-rūpaṃ draṣṭuṃ śaktyam iti yadi manyase | tatas tarhi tad-rūpavantam ātmānam avyayaṃ nityaṃ mama darśaya ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : draṣṭum ayogye kutas te didṛkṣety āsaṅkayāha manyasa iti | prabhavati sṛṣṭi-sthiti-saṃhāra-praveśa-praśāsaneṣv iti prabhuḥ | he prabho sarva-svāmin ! tat tavaiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ mayārjunena draṣṭum śakyam iti yadi manyase jānāsīcchasi vā | he yogeśvara sarveṣām aṇimādi-siddhi-śālināṃ yogānāṃ yoginām īśvara tatas tvad-icchā-vaśād eva me mahyam atyartham arthite tvaṃ parama-kāruṇiko darśaya cākṣuṣa-jñāna-viṣayī-kāraya ātmānam aiśvara-rūpa-viśiṣṭam avyayam akṣayam ||4||

baladevaḥ : aiśvarya-darśane bhagavan-saṃmatiṃ gṛhṇāti manyase yadīti | jānāsīcchasi vety arthaḥ | he prabho sarva-svāmin ! yogeśvareti sambodhayann ayogyasya me tvad-darśane tvac-chaktir eva hetur iti vyañjayati ||4||

BhG 11.5

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ prārthitaḥ sann atyadbhutaṃ rūpaṃ darśayiyan sāvadhāno bhavety evam arjunam abhimukhīkaroti śrī-bhagavān uvāca paśyeti caturbhiḥ | rūpasyaikatve 'pi nānā-vidhatvāt rūpāṇīti bahu-vacanam | aparimitāny aneka-prakārāṇi | divyāny alaukikāni mama rūpāṇi paśya | varṇāḥ śukla-kṛṣṇādayaḥ | ākṛtayo 'vayava-viśeṣāḥ | nānā aneke varṇā ākṛtayaś ca yeṣāṃ tāni nānā-varṇākṛtīni ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam atyanta-bhaktenārjunena prārthitaḥ san śrī-bhagavān uvāca paśyeti | atra krameṇa śloka-catuṣṭaye 'pi paśyety āvṛttyātyadbhuta-rūpāṇi darśayiṣyāmi tvaṃ sāvadhāno bhavety arjunam abhimukhīkaroti bhagavān | śataśo 'tha sahasraśa ity aparimitāni tāni ca nānā-vidhāny aneka-prakārāṇi divyāny atyadbhutāni nānā vilakṣaṇā varṇā nīla-pīta-divya-prakārās tathākṛtayaś cāvayava-saṃsthāna-viśeṣā yeṣāṃ tāni nānā-varṇākṛtīni ca me mama rūpāṇi paśya | arhe loṭ | draṣṭum arho bhava he pārtha ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca svāṃśasya prakṛty-antaryāmiṇaḥ prathama-puruṣasya sahasra-śīrṣā puruṣaḥ sahasrākṣaḥ sahasrapāt iti puruṣa-sūkta-proktaṃ rūpaṃ prathamam idaṃ darśayāmi | paścāt prastutopayogitvena tasyaiva kāla-rūpatvam api jñāpayiṣyāmīti manasi vimṛṣyārjunaṃ prati sāvadhāno bhava ity abhimukhīkaroti | paśya iti rūpāṇīti | ekasminn api mat-svarūpe śataśo mat-svarūpāṇi mad-vibhūtīḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : evam abhyarthito bhagavān prakṛty-antaryāmiṇaṃ sahasra-śirasaṃ praśāstṛtva-pradhānaṃ devākāraṃ svāṃśaṃ pradarśayituṃ prakṛtopayogitvāt tatraiva kālātmakatāṃ ca bodhayitum arjunam avadhāpayatīty āha paśyeti caturṣu | paśyeti padāvṛttir darśanīyānāṃ rūpāṇām atyadbhutatva-dyotanārthā ca bodhyā | me mama sahasra-śīrṣākāreṇa bhāsamānasyaikasyaiva śatāni sahasrāṇi ca vibhūti-bhūtāni rūpāṇi paśya arhe loṭ tāni praṣṭum arho bhavety arthaḥ ||5||

BhG 11.6

śrīdharaḥ : tāny eva paśyeti | ādityādīn mama dehe paśya | maruta ekonapañcāśad-devatā-viśeṣān | adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi tvayā vānyena vā pūrvam adṛṣṭāni rūpāṇi | āścaryāṇy adbhutāni ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : divyāni rūpāṇi paśyety uktvā tāny eva leśato 'nukrāmati dvābhyām paśyeti | paśyādityān dvādaśa vasūn aṣṭau rudrān ekādaśa aśvinau dvau marutaḥ sapta-saptakān ekonapañcāśat | tathānyān api devān ity arthaḥ | bahūny anyāny adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇi pūrvam adṛṣṭāni manuṣya-loke tvayā tvatto 'nyena vā kenacit | paśyāścaryāṇy adbhutāni he bhārata ! atra śataśo 'tha sahasraśaḥ nānā-vidhānīty asya vivaraṇaṃ bahūnīti ādityany ity ādi ca | adṛṣṭa-pūrvāṇīti divyānīty asya āścaryāṇīti nānā-varṇākṛtīnīty asyeti draṣṭavyam ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : kiṃ cedha mama dehe ekastham eka-deśa-sthitaṃ sa-carācaraṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagattvam adyādhunaiva paśya | yat tatra tatra paribhramatā tvayā varṣāyutair api draṣṭum aśakyam | tadaikadaivaikatraiva mad-anugrahād avalokasvety arthaḥ | yac ca jagad-āśraya-bhūtaṃ pradhāna-mahad-ādi-kāraṇa-svarūpaṃ sva-jaya-parājayādikaṃ cānyad draṣṭum icchāmi tad api paśya ||6||

BhG 11.7

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca ihaikastham iti | tatra tatra paribhramatā varṣa-koṭibhir api draṣṭum aśakyaṃ kṛtsnam api carācara-sahitaṃ jagad ihāsmin mama dehe 'vayava-rūpeṇaikatraiva svitamadyādhunaiva paśya | yac cānyaj jagad-āśraya-bhūtaṃ kāraṇa-svarūpaṃ jagataś cāvasthā-viśeṣādikaṃ jaya-parājayādikaṃ ca yad apy anyad draṣṭum icchasi tat sarvaṃ paśya ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalam etāvad eva | samastaṃ jagad api mad-deha-sthaṃ draṣṭum arhasīty āha ihaikastham iti | ihāsmin mama dehe eka-stham ekasminn evāvayava-rūpeṇa sthitaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ samastaṃ sa-carācaram jaṅgama-sthāvara-sahitaṃ tatra tatra pariśramatā varṣa-koṭi-sahasreṇāpi draṣṭum aśakyam adyādhunaiva paśya he guḍākeśa ! yac cānyaj jaya-parājayādikaṃ draṣṭum icchasi tad api sandehocchedāya paśya ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : paribhramatā tvayā varṣa-koṭibhir api draṣṭum aśakyaṃ kṛtsnam api jagat | iha prastāva ekasminn api mad-dehāvayave tiṣṭhaty ekastham | yac cānyat sva-jaya-parājayādikaṃ ca mamāsmin dehe jagad-āśraya-bhūta-kāraṇa-rūpe ||7||

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ceha mama dehe eka-stham eka-deśa-sthitaṃ sa-carācaraṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagat tvam adyādhunaiva paśya | yat tatra tatra paribhramatā tvayā varṣāyutair api draṣṭum aśakyaṃ tadaikadaivaikatraiva mad-anugrahād avalokas tvety arthaḥ | yac ca jagad-āśraya-bhūtaṃ pradhāna-mahad-ādi-kāraṇa-svarūpaṃ sva-jaya-parājayādikaṃ cānyad draṣṭum icchasi tad api paśya ||7||

BhG 11.8

śrīdharaḥ : yad uktam arjunena manyase yadi tac chakyam iti tatrāha na tu mām iti | anenaiva tu svīyena carma-cakṣuṣā māṃ draṣṭum na śakyase śakto na bhaviṣyasi | ato 'haṃ divyam alaukikaṃ jñānātmakaṃ cakṣus tubhyaṃ dadāmi | mama aiśvaram asādhāraṇaṃ yogam yuktim aghaṭana-ghaṭanā-sāmarthyaṃ paśya ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : yat tūktaṃ manyase yadi tac chakyaṃ mayā draṣṭum iti viśeṣaṇam āha na tu mām iti | anenaiva prākṛtena sva-cakṣuṣā svabhāva-siddhena cakṣuṣā māṃ divya-rūpaṃ draṣṭum na tu śakyase na śaknoṣi tu eva | śakyasa iti pāṭhe śakto na bhaviṣyasīty arthaḥ | sauvādikasyāpi śaknoter daivādikaḥ śyaṃś chāndas iti vā | divādau pāṭho vety eva sāpradāyikam |

viśvanāthaḥ : indram indrajālaṃ māyā-mayaṃ vā rūpam ity arjuna mā manyatāṃ, kintu sac-cid-ānanda-mayam eva svarūpam antarbhūta-sarva-jagatkam atīndriyatvenaiva viśvasitum ity etad artham āha na tv iti | anenaiva prākṛtena sva-cakṣuṣā māṃ cid-ghanākāraṃ draṣṭuṃ na śakyase na śaknoṣīty atas tubhyaṃ divyam aprākṛtaṃ cakṣur dadāmi | tenaiva paśyete prākṛta-nara-māninam arjunaṃ kam api camatkāraṃ prāpayitum eva | yato hy arjuno bhagavat-pārṣada-mukhyatvān narāvatāratvāc ca prākṛta-nara iva na carma-cakṣukaḥ | kiṃ ca sākṣād-bhagavan-mādhuryam eva sa sva-cakṣuṣā sākṣād anubhavati so 'rjuno bhagavad-aṃśaṃ draṣṭuṃ tena aśaknuvan divyaṃ cakṣur gṛhṇīyād iti kaḥ khalu nyāyaḥ ? eke tv evam ācakṣate bhagavato nara-līlātva-mahāmādhuryaika-grāhi sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ yad bhavati | tac cakṣur ananya-bhakta iva bhagavato deva-līlātva-sampadaṃ naiva gṛhṇāti na hi sitopala-rasāsvādinī rasanā khaṇḍaṃ guḍaṃ vā svādayituṃ śaknoti | tasmād arjunāya tat prārthita-camatkāra-viśeṣaṃ dātuṃ deva-līlatvam aiśvaryaṃ jigrāhayiṣur bhagavān prema-rasān anukūlaṃ divyam amānuṣam eva cakṣur dadāv iti | tathā divya-cakṣur

baladevaḥ : manyase yadi tac chakyam ity arjuna-prārthitaṃ sampādayan nirataṃ, vismitaṃ kartuṃ tasmai sva-devākāra-grāhi divyaṃ cakṣur bhagavān dadāv ity āha na tu mām iti | anenaiva man-mādhuryaikāntena sva-cakṣuṣā yugapad-vibhāta-sahasra-sūrya-prakhyaṃ sahasra-śiraskaṃ māṃ draṣṭuṃ na śakyase na śaknoṣi | atas te divyaṃ cakṣur dadāmi | yathāham ātmānam atipravāhākrāntaṃ vyanadmi tathā tvac-cakṣuś ceti bhāvaḥ | tena mamaiśvaraṃ yogaṃ rūpaṃ paśya yujyate 'nena iti vyutpatter yogo rūpaṃ paramaṃ rūpam aiśvaram ity agrimāc ca | atra divyaṃ cakṣur eva dattaṃ na tu divyaṃ mano 'pīti bodhyam | tādṛśe manasi datte, tasya tad-rūpe ruci-prasaṅgād iha divya-dṛṣṭi-dānena liṅgena pārtha-sārathi-rūpāt sahasra-śiraso viśva-rūpasyādhikyam iti yad vadanti tat tv agre nirasyam ||8||

BhG 11.9

śrīdharaḥ : evam uktvā bhagavān arjunāya svarūpaṃ darśitavān | tac ca rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvārjunaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ vijñāpitavān itīmam arthaṃ ṣaḍbhiḥ ślokair dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ prati sañjaya uvāca evam uktveti | he rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra ! mahān cāsau yogeśvaraś ca hariḥ paramam aiśvaraṃ rūpam darśitavān ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhagavān arjunāya divyaṃ rūpaṃ darśitavān | sa ca tad dṛṣṭvā vismayāviṣṭo bhagavantaṃ vijñāpitavān itīmaṃ vṛttāntam evam uktvety ādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhiḥ ślokair dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ prati saṃjaya uvāceti | evam na tu māṃ śakyase draṣṭum anena cakṣuṣā divyaṃ dadāmi te cakṣur ity uktvā tato divya-cakṣuḥ-pradānād anantaraṃ he rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra sthiro bhava śravaṇāya | mahān sarvotkṛṣṭaś cāsau yogeśvaraś ceti mahā-yogeśvaro harir bhaktānāṃ sarva-kleśāpahārī bhagavān darśanāyogyaṃ api darśayāmāsa pārthāyaikānta-bhaktāya

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : evam uktvā hariḥ pārthāya viśva-rūpaṃ darśitavān | tac ca rūpaṃ vīkṣya pārtho harim evaṃ vijñāpitavān itīmam arthaṃ sañjayaḥ prāha evam ṣaḍbhiḥ | tato divya-cakṣur dānānantaraṃ he rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra ! mahāṃś cāsau yogeśvaraś ca hariḥ ||9||

BhG 11.10-11

śrīdharaḥ : kathambhūtaṃ tad iti ? ata āha aneka-vaktra-nayanam iti | anekāni vaktrāṇi nayanāni ca yasmiṃs tat | anekānām adbhutānāṃ darśanam yasmiṃs tat | anekāni divyābharaṇāni yasmiṃs tat | divyāny anekāny udyatāny āyudhāni yasmiṃs tat ||10||

kiṃ ca divyeti | divyāni mālyāni ambarāṇi ca dhārayatīti tat | tathā divyo gandho yasya tādṛśaṃ anulepanaṃ yasya tat | sarvāścarya-mayam anekāścarya-prāyam | devam dyotanātmakam | anantam aparicchinnam | viśvataḥ sarvato mukhāni yasmiṃs tat ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva rūpaṃ viśinaṣṭi aneketi | anekāni vaktrāṇi nayanāni ca yasmin rūpe | anekānām adbhutānāṃ vismaya-hetūnāṃ darśanam yasmin | anekāni divyāny ābharaṇāni bhūṣaṇāni yasmin | divyāny anekāny udyatāny āyudhāni astrāṇi yasmiṃs tat tathārūpam | divyāni mālyāni puṣpa-mayāni ratnamayāni ca tathā divyāmbarāṇi vastrāṇi ca dhriyante yena tad-divya-mālyāmbara-dharaṃ | divyo gandho 'syeti divya-gandhas tad-anulepanam yasya tat | sarvāścarya-mayam anekādbhuta-pracuraṃ | devam dyotanātmakam | anantam aparicchinnaṃ viśvataḥ sarvato mukhāni yasmiṃs tad-rūpaṃ darśayāmāseti pūrveṇa sambandhaḥ | arjuno dadarśety adhyāhāro vā ||10-11||

baladevaḥ : aneketi anekāni sahasrāṇi vaktrāṇi nayanāni ca yasya tad-rūpaṃ sahasra-bāho bhava viśva-mūrte ity agrima-vākyāt | ihāneka-bahu-sahasra-śabdā asaṅkhyeyārtha-vācinaḥ | viśvataś cakṣur uta viśvatomukhaḥ ity ādi-jñāpakāt | anekānām adbhutānāṃ darśanam yatra tat divyo gandho yatra tādṛg anulepanaṃ yasya tat | devaṃ dyotamānam anantam apāraṃ viśvataḥ sarvato mukhāni yasya tat ||10-11||

BhG 11.12

śrīdharaḥ : viśva-rūpa-dīpter nirupamatvam āha divīti | divyākāśe | sūrya-sahasrasya yugapad utthitasya yadi yugapad utthitā bhāḥ prabhā bhavet tarhi sā tadā mahātmano viśvarūpasya bhāsaḥ prabhāyā kathañcit sadṛśī syāt | anyopamā nāsty evety arthaḥ | tathādbhutaṃ rūpaṃ darśayāmāseti pūrveṇaivānvayaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : devam ity uktaṃ vivṛṇoti divīti | divi antarikṣe sūryāṇāṃ sahasrasyāparimita-sūrya-samūhasya yugapad uditasya yugapad utthitā bhāḥ prabhā yadi bhavet tadā sā tasya mahātmano viśvarūpasya bhāso dīpteḥ sadṛśī tulyā yadi syād yadi vā na syāt tato 'pi nūnaṃ viśvarūpasyaiva bhā atiricyetety ahaṃ manye | anyā tūpamā nāsty evety arthaḥ | atrāvidyamānādhyavasāyāt tad-abhāvenopamābhāva-parādbhūtopamā-rūpam ārūpeyam atiśayoktir utprekṣā vyañjayantī sarvathā nirupamatvam eva vyanakti ubhau yadi vyomni pṛthak-pravāhāv ity ādivat ||12||

baladevaḥ : tad-dīpter nairupamyam āha divīti | divi ākāśe yugapad utthitasya sūrya-sahasrasya bhāḥ kāntiś ced yugapad utthitā bhavet tarhi sā tasya mahātmano viśva-rūpasya harer bhāsa ekasyāḥ kānteḥ sadṛśī syāt tadeti | sambhāvanāyāṃ laṭ | adbhūtopameyam ucyate tayotprekṣā | vyaṅgā satī sarvathā tat-kānter nairupamyaṃ vyañjayati | tādṛg-rūpaṃ darśayāmāseti pūrveṇānvayaḥ ||12||

BhG 11.13

śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyām āha saṃjayaḥ tatreti | anekadhā pravibhaktaṃ nānā-vibhāgenāvasthitaṃ kṛtsnaṃ jagad devadevasya śarīre tad-avayavatvenaikatraivaa pṛthag-avasthitaṃ tadā pāṇḍavo 'rjuno 'paśyat ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : ihaikasthaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ paśyādya sa-carācaram iti bhagavad-ājñaptam apy anubhūtavān arjuna ity āha tatraikastham iti | ekastham ekatra sthitaṃ jagat kṛtsnaṃ pravibhaktam anekadhā | deva-pitṛ-manuṣyādi-nānā-prakārair apaśyad devadevasya bhagavataḥ tatra viśvarūpe śarīre pāṇḍavo 'rjunas tadā viśvarūpāścarya-darśana-daśāyām ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra tasmin yuddha-bhumāv eva devadevasya śarīre jagat brahmāṇḍaṃ kṛtsnaṃ sarvam eva gaṇayitum aśakyam ity arthaḥ | pravibhaktaṃ pṛthak pṛthaktayā sthitam ekastham ekadeśasthaṃ pratiromakūpasthaṃ pratikukṣisthaṃ vety arthaḥ | anekadhā mṛnmayaṃ hiraṇmayaṃ maṇimayaṃ vā pañcāśat-koṭi-yojana-pramāṇaṃ śata-koṭi-yojana-pramāṇaṃ lakṣa-koṭy-ādi-yojana-pramāṇaṃ vety arthaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ : tataḥ kim abhūd ity apekṣāyām āha tatreti | tatra yuddha-bhūmau devadevasya kṛṣṇasya vyañjita-sahasra-śiraske śarīre śrī-vigrahe kṛtsnaṃ nikhilaṃ jagad brahmāṇḍaṃ tadā pāṇḍavo 'paśyat | pravibhaktaṃ pṛthak-pṛthag-bhūtam ekastham iti prāgvat | anekadheti mṛṇmayaṃ svarṇa-mayaṃ ratna-mayaṃ vā laghu-madhye bṛhad-bhūtaṃ vety arthaḥ ||13||

BhG 11.14

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ dṛṣṭvā kiṃ kṛtavān iti ? tatrāha tata iti | tato darśanāntaram | visamyenāviṣṭo vyāptaḥ san hṛṣṭāny utpulakitāni romāṇi yasya sa dhanañjayaḥ | tam eva devaṃ śirasā praṇamya kṛtāñjaliḥ sampuṭākṛta-hasto bhūtvā | abhāṣatoktavān ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam adbhuta-darśane 'py arjuno na vibhayāṃcakāra nāpi netre saṃcacāra, nāpi saṃbhramāt kartavyaṃ visasmāra, nāpi tasmād deśād apasasāra, kintv atidhīratvāt tat-kālocitam eva vyavajahāra, mahati citta-kṣobhe 'pīty āha tata iti | tatas tad-darśanād anantaraṃ vismayenādbhuta-darśana-prabhāvenālaukika-citta-camatkāra-viśeṣeṇāviṣṭo vyāptaḥ | ataeva hṛṣṭa-romā pulakitaḥ san sa prakhyāta-mahādeva-saṅgrāmādi-prabhāvo dhanaṃjayo yudhiṣṭhira-rājasūya uttara-go-grahe ca sarvātrājño jitvā dhanam āhṛtavān iti prathita-mahā-parākramo 'tidhīraḥ sākṣād agnir iti vā mahā-tejasvitvāt | devaṃ tam eva viśvarūpa-dharaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ śirasā bhūmi-lagnena praṇamya prakarṣeṇa bhakti-śraddhātiśayena natvā namaskṛtya kṛtāñjaliḥ sampuṭīkṛta-hasta-yugaḥ sann abhāṣatoktavān |

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : evaṃ kṛṣṇa-tattvavid arjunas tasmin sattvena jñātaṃ sahasra-śīrṣatvam adhunā vīkṣyādbhutaṃ rasam anvabhūd ity āha tata iti | taṃ vyañjalita-tad-rūpaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ vilokyety arthaḥ | dhanaṃjayeti dhīro 'pi vismayenāviṣṭo hṛṣṭa-romā pulakito devaṃ śirasā bhū-lagnena praṇamya kṛtāñjaliḥ sann abhāṣata | atra bhaya-netra-saṃvaraṇādikaṃ tasya nābhūt kintv adbhuto raso 'bhyudaid iti vyañjate | iha tādṛśo harir ālambano muhur muhus tad-vīkṣaṇam uddīpanaṃ praṇati-pāṇi-yogāv anubhāvau, romāñcaḥ sāttvikas tair ākṣiptā matir dhṛti-harṣādayaḥ sañcāriṇaḥ | etair ālambanādyaiḥ puṣṭo vismaya-sthāyi-bhāvo 'dbhuta-rasaḥ ||14||

BhG 11.15

arjuna uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : bhāṣaṇam evāha paśyāmīti saptadaśabhiḥ | he deva ! tava dehe devānām ādityādīn paśyāmi | tathā sarvān bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ sthāvarāṇāṃ jaṅgamānāṃ ca nānā-saṃsthānānāṃ saṃghān samūhān | tathā brahmāṇam caturmukham īśam īśitāraṃ sarveṣāṃ kamalāsana-stham pṛthvī-padma-madhye meru-karṇikāsana-sthaṃ bhagavan-nābhi-kamalāsanastham iti vā | tathā ṛṣīṃś ca sarvān vaśiṣṭādīn brahma-putrān | uragāṃś ca divyān prākṛtān vāsuki-prabhṛtīn paśyāmīti sarvatrānvayaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : yad bhagavatā darśitaṃ viśvarūpaṃ tad bhagavad-dattena divyena cakṣuṣā sarva-lokādṛśyam api paśyāmy aho mama bhāgya-prakarṣa iti svānubhavam āviṣkurvan arjuna uvāca paśyāmīti | paśyāmi cākṣuṣa-jñāna-viṣayīkaromi he deva tava dehe viśvarūpe devān vasv-ādīn sarvān | tathā bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ sthāvarāṇāṃ jaṅgamānāṃ ca nānā-saṃsthānānāṃ saṃghān samūhān | tathā brahmāṇam caturmukham īśam īśitāraṃ sarveṣāṃ kamalāsana-stham pṛthvī-padma-madhye meru-karṇikāsana-sthaṃ bhagavan-nābhi-kamalāsanastham iti vā | tathā ṛṣīṃś ca sarvān vaśiṣṭādīn brahma-putrān | uragāṃś ca divyān prākṛtān vāsuki-prabhṛtīn paśyāmīti sarvatrānvayaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ jarāyujādīnāṃ saṅghān | kamalāsana-sthaṃ pṛthvī-padma-karṇikāyāṃ sumerau sthitaṃ brahmāṇam ||15||

baladevaḥ : kim abhāṣata tad āha paśyāmīti saptadaśabhiḥ | tathā bhūta-viśeṣāṇāṃ jarāyujādīnāṃ saṃghān paśyāmi | brahmāṇam caturmukham kamalāsane caturmukhe sthitam tad-antaryāmiṇam īśam garbhodaka-śayam urugān vāsuky-ādīn sarpān ||15||

BhG 11.16

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca aneketi | anekāni bāhv-ādīni yasya tādṛśaṃ tvāṃ paśyāmi | anantāni rūpāṇi yasya taṃ tvāṃ sarvataḥ paśyāmi | tava tvaṃ taṃ madhyamādiṃ ca na paśyāmi ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : yatra bhagavad-dehe sarvam idaṃ dṛṣṭavān, tam eva viśinaṣṭi aneketi | bāhava udarāṇi vaktrāṇi netrāṇi cānekāni yasya tam aneka-bāhūdara-vaktra-netraṃ paśyāmi | tvā tvāṃ sarvataḥ sarvatrānantāni rūpāṇi yasyeti taṃ | tava tu punar nāntam avasānaṃ na madhyaṃ nāpy ādiṃ paśyāmi sarva-gatatvāt | he viśveśvara ! he viśva-rūpa ! sambodhana-dvayam atisambhramāt ||16||

baladevaḥ : yatra dehe devādīn dṛṣṭavāṃs taṃ viśinaṣṭi aneketi | he viśvarūpa prathama-puruṣa ! ||16||

BhG 11.17

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca kirīṭinam iti | kirīṭinaṃ mukuṭavantam | gadinaṃ gadāvantaṃ | cakriṇaṃ cakravantaṃ ca | sarvato dīptimantam tejaḥ-puñja-rūpaṃ tathā durnirīkṣyaṃ draṣṭum aśakyam | tatra hetuḥ - dīptayor analārkayor dyutir iva dyutis tejo yasya tam | ataevāprameyam evaṃbhūta iti niścetum aśakyaṃ tvāṃ samantataḥ paśyāmi ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : tam eva viśvarūpaṃ bhagavantaṃ prakārānantaraṃ viśinaṣṭi kirīṭinam iti | kirīṭa-gadā-cakra-dhāriṇaṃ ca sarvato dīptimantam tejo-rāśiṃ ca | ataeva durnirīkṣyaṃ divyena cakṣuṣā vinā nirīkṣitum aśakyam | sayakāra-pāṭhe duḥśabdo 'pahnava-vacanaḥ | anirīkṣyam iti yāvat | dīptayor analārkayor dyutir iva dyutir yasya tam aprameyam iti paricchettum aśakyaṃ samantāt sarvataḥ paśyāmi divyena cakṣuṣā | ato 'dhikāri-bhedād durnirīkṣaṃ paśyāmīti na virodhaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : vidhāntareṇa tam eva viśinaṣṭi kirīṭinam iti | durnirīkṣyam api tvām ahaṃ paśyāmi tat-prasādād divya-cakṣur-lābhāt | durnirīkṣyāyāṃ hetuḥ - samantād dīptānaleti | aprameyam idam ittham iti pramātum aśakyam ||17||

BhG 11.18

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tavātakaiśvaryaṃ tasmāt tvam iti | tvam evākṣaraṃ paramaṃ brahma | kathambhūtam ? veditavyaṃ mumukṣubhir jñātavyam | tvam evāsya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam | nidhīyate 'sminn iti nidhānaṃ prakṛṣṭāśrayaḥ | ataeva tvam avyayo nityaḥ | śāśvatasya nityasya dharmasya goptā pālakaḥ | sanātanaś cirantanaḥ puruṣaḥ | mato me saṃmato 'si mama ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ tavātarkya-niratiśayiśvarya-darśanād anuminomi tvam iti | tvam evākṣaraṃ paramaṃ brahma veditavyaṃ mumukṣubhir vedānta-śravaṇādinā | tvam evāsya viśvasya paraṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhīyate 'sminn iti nidhānam āśrayaḥ | ataeva tvam avyayo nityaḥ | śāśvatasya nitya-veda-pratipādyatayāsya dharmasya goptā pālayitā | śāśvateti sambodhanaṃ vā | tasmin pakṣe 'vyayo vināśa-rahitaḥ | ataeva sanātanaś cirantanaḥ puruṣo yaḥ paramātmā sa eva tvaṃ me mato vidito 'si ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : veditavyaṃ muktair jñeyam yad akṣaraṃ brahma-tattvam | nidhānaṃ laya-sthānam ||18||

baladevaḥ : acintya-mahaiśvarya-vīkṣaṇāt tvam aham evaṃ niścinomīty āha tvam iti | atha parā yayā tad akṣaram adhigamyate, yat tad adṛśyam [MuṇḍU 1.5-6] ity ādi-vedānta-vākyair veditavyaṃ yat paramaṃ sa-śrīkam akṣaraṃ tattvam eva nidhānam āśrayo 'vyayas tvam avināśī śāśvata-dharma-goptā vedokta-dharma-pālakas tvam | sa kāraṇaṃ kāraṇādhipādhipo na cāsya kaścij janitā na cādhipaḥ [ŚvetU 6.9] iti mantra-varṇoktaḥ sanātanaḥ purāṇaḥ puruṣas tvam eva ||18||

BhG 11.19

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca anādīti | anādi-madhyāntam utpatti-sthiti-laya-rahitam | ananta-vīryam anantaṃ vīryaṃ prabhāvo yasya tam | anantā vīryavanto bāhavo yasya tam | śaśi-sūryau netre yasya tādṛśaṃ tvāṃ paśyāmi | tathā dīpto hutāśo 'gnir vaktreṣu yasya tam | svatejasedaṃ viśvaṃ viśvam santapantam paśyāmi ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca anādīti | ādir utpattir madhyaṃ sthitir anto vināśas tad-rahitam anādi-madhyāntam | anantaṃ vīryaṃ prabhāvo yasya tam | anantā bāhavo yasya tam | upalakṣaṇam etan mukhādīnām api | śaśi-sūryau netre yasya tam | dīpto hutāśo vaktraṃ yasya vaktreṣu yasyeti vā tam | svatejasā viśvaṃ idaṃ tapantam santāpayantaṃ tvā tvāṃ paśyāmi ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca anādīty atra mahā-vismaya-rasa-sindhu-nimagnasyārjunasya vacasi paunaruktyaṃ na doṣāya | yad uktaṃ prasāde vismaye harṣe dvi-trir-uktaṃ na duṣyati ||19||

baladevaḥ : anādīti | ādi-madhyāvasāna-śūnyam anantāni vīryāṇi tad-upalakṣaṇāni samagrāṇy aiśvaryāṇi ṣaṭ yasya tam ananta-bāhuṃ sahasra-bhujaṃ śaśi-sūryopamāni netrāṇi yasya taṃ | devādiṣu praṇateṣu prasanna-netraṃ tad-viparīteṣu asurādiṣu krūra-netram ity arthaḥ | dīpta-hutāśopamāni saṃhārānuguṇāni vaktrāṇi yasya tam | arjunasya vākye kvacit punar-uktis tasya vismayāviṣṭatvān na doṣāya | yad uktaṃ prasāde vismaye harṣe dvi-trir-uktaṃ na duṣyati iti ||19||

BhG 11.20

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca dyāv-āpṛthivyor iti | dyāv-āpṛthivyor idam antaram antarīkṣaṃ tvayaivaikena vyāptam | diśaś ca sarvā vyāptāḥ | adbhutaṃ adṛṣṭa-pūrvam | tvadīyam idam ugraṃ ghoraṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā loka-trayaṃ pravyathitam atibhītam | paśyāmīti pūrvasyaivānuṣaṅgaḥ ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : prakṛtasya bhagavad-rūpasya vyāptim āha dyāv-āpṛthivyor iti | dyāv-āpṛthivyor idam antaram antarīkṣaṃ hi tvayaivaikena vyāptam | diśaś ca sarvā vyāptāḥ | dṛṣṭvādbhutam atyanta-vismaya-karam idam ugraṃ duradhigamaṃ mahātejasvitvāt tava rūpam upalabhya loka-trayaṃ pravyathitam atyanta-bhītaṃ jātaṃ he mahātman sādhūnām abhaya-dāyaka | itaḥ param idam upasaṃharety abhiprāyaḥ ||20||

baladevaḥ : atha tasyaiva rūpasya prakṛtyopayogitvena kāla-rūpatāṃ darśitavān ity āha dyāveti daśabhiḥ | dyāv-āpṛthivyor antaram antarīkṣaṃ tathā sarvā diśaś caikena tvayā vyāptam | tavedam aparimitam adbhutam ugraṃ ca rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā loka-trayaṃ pravyathitam bhītaṃ saṃcalanaṃ ca bhavati | he mahātman sarvāśraya ! atredam avagamyate tadā yuddha-darśanāya ye trailokyasthā mitrodāsīnā devāsurā gandharva-kinnarādayḥ samāgatās tair api bhaktimadbhir bhagavad-datta-divya-netrais tad-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ na tv ekenaivārjunena svapateva svāpnika-rathādīni nijaiśvaryasya bahu-sākṣikatārtham etat ||20||

BhG 11.21

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca amī hīti | amī sura-saṃghā bhītāḥ santas tvāṃ viśanti śaraṇaṃ praviśanti | teṣām madhye kecid atibhītā dūrata eva sthitvā kṛta-sampuṭa-kara-yugalāḥ santo gṛṇanti jaya jaya rakṣa rakṣeti prārthayante | spaṣṭam anyat ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā bhū-bhāra-saṃhara-kāritvam ātmanaḥ prakaṭayantaṃ bhagavantaṃ paśyann āha amīti | amī hi sura-saṃghā vasv-ādi-deva-gaṇā bhū-bhārāvatārārthaṃ manuṣya-rūpeṇāvatīrṇā yudhyamānāḥ santas tvā tvāṃ viśanti praviśanto dṛśyante | evam asura-saṅghā iti pada-cchedena bhū-bhāra-bhūtā duryodhanādayas tvāṃ viśantīty api vaktavyam | evam ubhayor api senayoḥ kecid bhītāḥ palāyane 'py aśaktāḥ santaḥ prāñjalayo gṛṇanti stuvanti tvām | evaṃ pratyupasthite yuddha utpātādi-nimittāny upalakṣya svasty astu sarvasya jagata ity uktvā maharṣi-siddha-saṅghā nārada-prabhṛtayo yuddha-darśanārtham āgatā viśva-vināśa-parihārāya stuvanti

baladevaḥ : amī sura-saṅghās tvāṃ śaraṇaṃ viśanti | teṣu kecid bhītā dūrataḥ sthitvā prāñjalayaḥ santo gṛṇanti pāhi pāhi prabho asmān iti prārthayante | mahatīṃ bhītim ālakṣya maharṣi-saṅghāḥ siddha-saṅghāś ca viśvasya svasty astu ity uktvā stuvanti ||21||

BhG 11.22

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ cānyat rudreti | rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyāḥ | rudrādayao gaṇāḥ | viśve 'śvinau | viśve devāḥ | aśvinau ca devau | marutaś ca vāyavaḥ | ūṣmapāś ca pitaraḥ | uṣmabhāgā hi pitaraḥ iti śruteḥ | smṛteś ca yāvad uṣṇaṃ bhaved annaṃ tāvad aśnanti vāgvatāḥ | tāvad aśnanti pitaro yāvan noktā havir guṇāḥ || iti | gandharvāś ca yakṣāś ca asurāś ca virocanādayaḥ | siddha-saṅghāḥ siddhānāṃ saṅghāś ca | sarva eva vismitāḥ santa tvāṃ vīkṣanta ity anvayaḥ ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ cānyat rudreti | rudrāś cādityāś ca vasavo ye ca sādhyā nāma deva-gaṇā viśve tulya-vibhaktika-viśvadeva-śabdābhyām ucyamānā deva-gaṇā aśvinau nāsatya-damrau maruta ekonapañcāśad-deva-gaṇā ūṣmapāś ca pitaro gandharvāṇāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ asurāṇāṃ siddhānāṃ ca saṃghāḥ samūhā vīkṣante paśyanti tvā tvāṃ tādṛśādbhuta-darśanāt te sarva eva vismitāś ca vismayam alaukika-camatkāra-viśeṣam āpadyante ca ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : uṣmāṇaṃ pibantīti uṣmapāḥ pitaraḥ | uṣmabhāgā hi pitaraḥ iti śruteḥ ||22||

baladevaḥ : rudreti sphuṭam | uṣmapāḥ pitaraḥ uṣmāṇaṃ pibanti iti nirukteḥ | uṣmabhāgā hi pitaraḥ iti śruteś ca ||22||

BhG 11.23

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca rūpam iti | he mahā-bāho mahad atyūrjitaṃ tava rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā lokāḥ sarve pravyathitā atibhītāḥ | tathāhaṃ ca pravyathito 'smi | kīdṛśaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā | bahūni vaktrāṇi netrāṇi ca yasmiṃs tat | bahavo bāhava ūravaḥ pādāś ca yasmiṃs tat | bahūny udarāṇi yasmiṃs tat | bahvībhir daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālaṃ vikṛtam | raudram ity arthaḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : loka-trayaṃ pravyathitam ity uktam upasaṃharati rūpam iti | he mahā-bāho te tava rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā lokāḥ sarve 'pi prāṇinaḥ pravyathitās tathāhaṃ pravyathito bhayena | kīdṛśaṃ te rūpaṃ ? mahad atipramāṇam | bahūni vaktrāṇi netrāṇi ca yasmiṃs tat | bahavo bāhava ūravaḥ pādāś ca yasmiṃs tat | bahūny udarāṇi yasmiṃs tat | bahubhir daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālam atibhayānakaṃ dṛṣṭvaiva mat-sahitāḥ sarve lokā bhayena pīḍitā ity arthaḥ ||23||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : loka-trayaṃ pravyathitam ity uktam upasaṃharati rūpaṃ mahad iti | bahubhir daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālam raudram | sphuṭam anyat | tathāham ity asyottareṇa sambandhaḥ ||23||

BhG 11.24

śrīdharaḥ : na kevalaṃ bhīto 'ham ity etāvad eva | api tu nabhaḥ-spṛśam iti | nabhaḥ spṛśatīti nabhaḥ-spṛk tam antarīkṣa-vyāpinam ity arthaḥ | dīptaṃ tejo-yuktam | aneke varṇā yasya tam | vyaktāni vivṛtāni ānanāni yasya tam | dīptāni viśālāni netrāṇi yasya tam | evambhūtaṃ hi tvāṃ dṛṣṭvā pravyathitāntarātmā mano yasya so 'haṃ dhṛtiṃ dhairyam upaśamaṃ na labhe ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhayānakatvam eva prapañcayati nabha iti | na kevalaṃ pravyathita evāhaṃ tvāṃ dṛṣṭvā kintu pravyathito 'ntarātmā mano yasya so 'haṃ dhṛtiṃ dhairyaṃ dehendriyādi-dhāraṇa-sāmarthyaṃ śamaṃ ca manaḥ-prasādaṃ na vindāmi na labhe | he viṣṇo ! tvāṃ kīdṛśaṃ ? nabhaḥ-spṛśam antarīkṣa-vyāpinam | dīptaṃ prajvalitam aneka-varṇaṃ bhayaṅkara-nānā-saṃsthāna-yuktaṃ vyāttānanaṃ vivṛtta-mukhaṃ dīpta-viśāla-netraṃ prajvalita-vistīrṇa-cakṣuṣaṃ tvāṃ dṛṣṭvā pravyathitāntarātmāhaṃ

baladevaḥ : tathaitad-rūpopasaṃhāra-phalakaṃ dainyaṃ prakāśayann āha nabhaḥ-spṛśam iti dvābhyām | ahaṃ ca tvāṃ dṛṣṭvā pravyathitāntarātmā bhītodvigna-manāḥ san dhṛtim upaśamaṃ ca na vindāmi na labhe | he viṣṇo ! kīdṛśaṃ ? nabhaḥ-spṛśam antarīkṣa-vyāpinam vyāttānanaṃ visṛtāsyam | vyaktārtham anyat | atra kāla-rūpatva-darśana-hetuko bhayānaka-rasaḥ svasyoktaḥ ||24||

BhG 11.25

śrīdharaḥ : daṃṣṭreti | he deveśa tava mukhāni dṛṣṭvā bhayāveśena diśo na jānāmi | śarma sukhaṃ ca na labhe | bho jagan-nivāsa prasanno bhava | kīdṛśāni mukhāni dṛṣṭvā ? daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālāni kālānalaḥ vikṛtatvena pralayāgniḥ | tat-sadṛśāni ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : daṃṣṭrābhiḥ karālāni vikṛtatvena bhayaṅkarāṇi pralaya-kālānala-sadṛśāni ca te mukhāni dṛṣṭvaiva na tu tāni prāpya bhaya-vaśena diśaḥ pūrvāparādi-vivekena na jāne | ato na labhe ca śarma sukhaṃ tvad-rūpa-darśane 'pi | ato he deveśa he jagannivāsa prasīda prasanno bhava māṃ prati | yathā bhavābhāvena tvad-darśanajaṃ sukhaṃ prāpnuyām iti śeṣaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : daṃṣṭreti | kālānalaḥ pralayāgnis tat-sannibhāni tat-tulyāni | śarma sukham ||25||

BhG 11.26-27

śrīdharaḥ : yac cānyad draṣṭum icchasīty anenāsmin saṅgrāme bhāvi-jaya-parājayādikaṃ ca mama dehe paśyeti yad bhagavatoktaṃ tad idānīṃ paśyann āha amī ceti pañcabhiḥ | amī dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrā duryodhanādayaḥ sarve | avani-pālānāṃ jayadrathādīnāṃ rājñāṃ saṅghaiḥ samūhaiḥ sahaiva | tava vaktrāṇi viśantīty uttareṇānvayaḥ | tathā bhīṣmaś ca droṇaś cāsau sūta-putraḥ karṇaś ca | na kevalaṃ ta eva viśanti | api tu pratiyoddhāro 'smadīyā ye yodha-mukhyāḥ śikhaṇḍi-dhṛṣṭadyumnādayas taiḥ saha ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : asmākaṃ jayaṃ pareṣāṃ parājayaṃ ca sarvadā draṣṭum iṣṭaṃ paśya mama dehe guḍākeśa yac cānyad draṣṭum icchasīti bhagavad-ādiṣṭam adhunā paśyāmīty āha amīti pañcabhiḥ | amī ca dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrā duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ śataṃ sodarā yuyutsuṃ vinā sarve tvāṃ tvaramāṇā viśantīty agretanenānvayaḥ | atibhaya-sūcakatvena kriyā-pada-nyūnatvam atra guṇa eva | sahaivāvanipālānāṃ khalv ādīnāṃ rājñāṃ saṃghais tvāṃ viśanti | na kevalaṃ duryodhanādaya eva viśanti kintu ajayatvena sarvaiḥ sambhāvito 'pi bhīṣmo

amī dhṛtarāṣṭra-putra-prabhṛtayaḥ sarve 'pi te tava daṃṣṭrā-karālāni bhayānakāni vaktrāṇi te tvaramāṇā viśanti | tatra ca kecic cūrṇitair uttamāṅgaiḥ śirobhir viśiṣṭā daśanāntareṣu vilagnā viśeṣeṇa saṃlagnā dṛśyante mayā samyag asandehena ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : yac cānyad draṣṭum icchasi ity anenāsmin yuddhe bhaviṣyaj-jaya-parājayādikaṃ ca mad-dehe paśyeti yad bhagavatoktaṃ tad adhunā paśyann āha amī ceti pañcabhiḥ | amī dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrā duryodhanādayaḥ sarve 'vanipāla-saṃghaiḥ śalya-jayadrathādi-bhūpa-vṛndaiḥ saha tvaramāṇāḥ santas te vaktrāṇi viśantīty uttareṇānvayaḥ | ajeyatvena khyātā ye bhīṣmādayas te 'pi | asāv iti sarvadaiva mad-vidveṣīty arthaḥ | sūta-putraḥ karṇaḥ | na kevalaṃ ta eva kintv asmadīyā ye yodha-mukhyā dhṛṣṭadyumnādayaḥ taiḥ saheti te 'pi praviśantīti sahoktir alaṅkāraḥ | kecid iti teṣāṃ

BhG 11.28

śrīdharaḥ : praveśam eva dṛṣṭāntenāha yatheti | nadīnām aneka-mārga-pravṛttānāṃ bahavo 'mbūnāṃ vārīṇāṃ vegāḥ pravāhāḥ samudrābhimukhāḥ santo yathā samudram eva dravanti viśanti | tathāmī ye nara-loka-vīrās te viśanti tathaiva lokā ete janā api tava mukhāni praviśanti ||28||

madhusūdanaḥ : rājñāṃ bhagavan-mukha-praveśane nidarśanam āha yatheti | yathā nadīnām aneka-mārga-pravṛttānāṃ bahavo 'mbūnāṃ jalānāṃ vegāḥ vegavantaḥ pravāhāḥ samudrābhimukhāḥ santaḥ samudram eva dravanti viśanti tathā tavāmī nara-loka-vīrā viśanti vaktrāṇy abhitaḥ sarvato jvalanti abhivijvalantīti vā pāṭhaḥ ||28||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : praveśe dṛṣṭāntāv āha yatheti dvyābhyām | tatra prathamo 'dhī-pūrvake praveśe | dvitīyas tu dhī-pūrvake bodhyaḥ ||28||

BhG 11.29

śrīdharaḥ : avaśatvena praveśe nadī-vego dṛṣṭānta uktaḥ | buddhi-pūrvaka-praveśe dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | pradīptaṃ jvalanam agniṃ pataṅgāḥ śalabhā buddhi-pūrvakaṃ samṛddho vego yeṣāṃ te yathā nāśāya maraṇāyaiva viśanti tathaiva lokā ete janā api tava mukhāni praviśanti ||29||

madhusūdanaḥ : abuddhi-pūrvaka-praveśe nadī-vegaṃ dṛṣṭāntam uktvā buddhi-pūrvaka-praveśe dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā pataṅgāḥ śalabhāḥ samṛddha-vegāḥ santo buddhi-pūrvaṃ pradīptaṃ jvalanaṃ viśanti nāśāya maraṇāyaiva tathaiva nāśāya viśanti lokā ete duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ sarve 'pi tava vaktrāṇi samṛddha-vegāḥ buddhi-pūrvam anāyatyā ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

BhG 11.30

śrīdharaḥ : tataḥ samantāt kim ? ata āha lelihyasa iti | grasamāno gilam | samagrān lokān sarvān etān vīrān | samantāt sarvataḥ | lelihyase 'tiśayena bhakṣayasi | kaiḥ ? jvaladbhir vadanaiḥ | kiṃ ca he viṣṇo tava bhāso dīptayas tejobhir visphūraṇaiḥ samagraṃ jagad vyāpya tīvrāḥ satyaḥ pratapanti santāpayanti ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : yoddhu-kāmānāṃ rājñāṃ bhagavan-mukha-praveśa-prakāram uktvā tadā bhagavatas tad-bhāsāṃ ca pravṛtti-prakāram āha lelihyasa iti | evaṃ vegena praviśato lokān duryodhanādīn samagrān sarvān grasamāno 'ntaḥ praveśayaj jvaladbhir vadanaiḥ samantāt sarvatas tvaṃ lelihyasa āsvādayasi tejobhir bhābhir āpūrya jagat samagraṃ yasmāt tvaṃ bhābhir jagad āpūrayasi tasmāt tavogrās tīvrā bhāso dīptayaḥ prajvalato jvalanasyeva pratapanti santāpaṃ janayanti | viṣṇo vyāpana-śīla ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : yoddhṝṇāṃ tan-mukha-praveśe prakāram uktvā tasya tad-bhāsāṃ ca tatra pravṛtti-prakāram āha lelihyasa iti | vegena praviśataḥ samagrān lokān duryodhanādīn jvaladbhir vadanair grasamāno gilan samantād roṣāveśena lelihasye tad-rudhirokṣitam oṣṭhādikaṃ muhur muhur lekṣi | tavogrā bhāso dīptayo 'sahyais tejobhiḥ samagraṃ jagad āpūrya pratapanti | he viṣṇo ! viśva-vyāpin ! tvattaḥ palāyanaṃ durghaṭam ity arthaḥ ||30||

BhG 11.31

śrīdharaḥ : yata evaṃ tasmād ākhyāhīti | bhavān ugra-rūpaḥ kaḥ ? ity ākhyāhi ākhyāhi kathaya | te tubhyaṃ namo 'stu | he deva-vara prasīda prasanno bhava | bhavantam ādyaṃ puruṣaṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi | yatas tava pravṛttim ceṣṭāṃ kim artham evaṃ pravṛtto 'sīti na jānāmi | evaṃ bhūtasya tava pravṛttiṃ vārtām api na jānāmīti ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād ākhyāhīti | evam ugra-rūpaḥ krūrākāraḥ ko bhavān ity ākhyāhi kathaya me mahyam atyantānugrāhyāya | ataeva namo 'stu te tubhyaṃ sarva-gurave he deva-vara prasīda prasādaṃ kraurya-tyāgaṃ kuru | vijñātum viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi bhavantam ādyaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ, na hi yasmāt tava sakhāpi san prajānāmi tava pravṛttim ceṣṭām ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : evaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ vyañjita-kāla-śaktiṃ bhagavantam upavarṇya tat-tattva-vid apy arjunaḥ sva-jñāna-dārḍhyāya pṛcchati ākhyāhīti | darśayātmānam avyayam iti sahasra-śīrṣādi-lakṣaṇam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ darśayitum arthitena bhagavatā tad-rūpaṃ pradarśya tasya punar atighorā saṃhartṛtā pradarśyate | tatrogra-rūpo bhavān ka ity ākhyāhi kathaya | he deva-vara ! te namo 'stu | prasīda tyajogra-rūpatām | ādyaṃ bhavantam ahaṃ viśeṣeṇa jñātum icchāmi | tava pravṛttiṃ ceṣṭāṃ ca na hi prajānāmi | kim artham evaṃ pravṛtto 'sīti tat-prayojanaṃ cākhyāhīti ||31||

BhG 11.32

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : evam prārthitaḥ san bhagavān uvāca kāla iti tribhiḥ | lokānāṃ kṣaya-kartā pravṛddho 'tyutkaṭaḥ kālo 'smi | lokān prāṇinaḥ saṃhartum iha loke pravṛtto 'smi | ata ṛte 'pi tvāṃ hantāraṃ vināpi na bhaviṣyanti na jīviṣyanti | yadyapi tvayā na hantavyā ete tathāpi mayā kālātmanā grastāḥ santo mariṣyanty eva | ke te ? pratyanīkeṣu anīkāni anīkāni prati | bhīṣma-droṇādīnāṃ sarvāsu senāsu ye yodhāro 'vasthitās te sarve 'pi ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunena prārthito yaḥ svayaṃ yad-arthā ca sva-pravṛttis tat sarvaṃ tribhir ślokaiḥ kālo 'smīti | kālaḥ kriyā-śakty-upahitaḥ sarvasya saṃhartā parameśvaro 'smi bhavāmīdānīṃ pravṛddho vṛddhiṃ gataḥ | yad-arthaṃ pravṛttas tac chṛṇu lokān samāhartum bhakṣayituṃ pravṛtto 'ham ihāsmin kāle | mat-pravṛttiṃ vinā katham evaṃ syād iti cen nety āha | ṛte 'pi tvā tvām arjunaṃ yoddhāraṃ vināpi tvad-vyāpāraṃ vināpi mad-vyāpāreṇaiva na bhaviṣyanti vinaṅkṣyanti sarve bhīṣma-droṇa-karṇa-prabhṛtayo yoddhum anarhatvena sambhāvitā anye 'pi ye 'vasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu pratipakṣa-sainyeṣu yodhā yodhāraḥ sarve 'pi mayā hatatvād eva na bhaviṣyanti | tatra tava vyāpāro 'kiṃcitkara ity arthaḥ ||32||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : evam arthito bhagavān uvāca kālo 'smīti | pravṛddho vyāpī |

iti śrutyā yaḥ kīrtyate sa kālo 'ham ity arthaḥ | iha samaye lokān duryodhanādīn samāhartuṃ grasituṃ pravṛttaṃ māṃ mat-pravṛtti-phalaṃ ca jānīhi | tvām api yudhiṣṭhirādīṃś ca ṛte sarve na bhaviṣyanti na jīviṣyanti | yad vā, nanu raṇān nivṛtte mayi teṣāṃ kathaṃ kṣayaḥ syād iti cet tatrāha ṛte 'pīti | tvāṃ yodhāram ṛte tvad-yuddha-vyāpāraṃ vināpi sarve na bhaviṣyanti mariṣyanty eva kālātmanā mayā teṣāṃ āyur-haraṇāt | ke te sarve ity āha pratyanīkeṣu paramparayor ye bhīṣmādayo 'vasthitāḥ | yuddhān nivṛttasya tava tu svadharma-cyutir eva bhaved iti ||32||

BhG 11.33

śrīdharaḥ : tasmād iti | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvaṃ yuddhāyottiṣṭha | devair api durjayā bhīṣmādayo 'rjunena nirjitā ity evaṃ bhūtaṃ yaśo labhasva prāpnuhi | ayatnataś ca śatrūn jitvā samṛddhaṃ rājyam bhuṅkṣva | ete ca tava śatravas tvadīya-yuddhāt pūrvam eva mayaiva kālātmanā nihata-prāyāḥ | tathāpi tvaṃ nimitta-mātram bhava | he savyasācin ! savyena hastena sācituṃ śarān saṃdhātuṃ śīlaṃ yasyeti vyutpattyā vāmenāpi vāṇa-kṣepāt savyasācīty ucyate ||33||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | tasmāt tvad-vyāpāram antareṇāpi yasmād ete vinaṅkṣanty eva tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭhodyukto bhava yuddhāya devair api durjayā bhīṣma-droṇādayo 'tirathā jhaṭity evārjunena nirjitā ity evambhūtaṃ yaśo labhasva | mahadbhiḥ puṇyair eva hi yaśo labhyate | ayatnataś ca jitvā śatrūn duryodhanādīn bhuṅkṣva rājyaṃ svopasarjanatvena bhogyatāṃ prāpaya samṛddhaṃ rājyam akaṇṭakam | ete ca tava śatravo mayaiva kālātmanā nihatāḥ saṃhṛtāyuṣas tvadīya-yuddhāt pūrvam eva kevalaṃ tava yaśo-lābhāya rathān na pātitāḥ | atas tvaṃ nimitta-mātram arjunenaite nirjitā iti sārvalaukika-kavy-apadeśāspadaṃ bhava he savyasācin

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvam uttiṣṭha svadharmāya yuddhāya yaśo labhasva sura-durjayā bhīṣmādayo 'rjunena helayaiva nirjitā iti durlabhāṃ kīrtiṃ prāpnuhi | pūrvaṃ draupadyām aparādha-samaya eva mayaite nihatās tvad-yaśase yantra-pratimāvat pravartante | tasmāt tvaṃ nimitta-mātram bhava | he savyasācin ! savyenāpi hastena bāṇān sacituṃ saṃdhātuṃ śīlaṃ asyeti yuddha-nirbhare prāpte hastābhyām iṣu-varṣinn ity arthaḥ ||33||

BhG 11.34

śrīdharaḥ : na caite vidmaḥ kataran no garīyo yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ ity āśaṅkā sāpi na kāryety āha droṇam iti | yebhyas tvaṃ śaṅkase tān droṇādīn mayaiva hatāṃs tvaṃ jahi ghātaya | mā vyathiṣṭhā bhayaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | sapatnān śatrūn raṇe yuddhe niścitaṃ jetāsi jeṣyasi ||34||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu droṇo brāhmaṇottamo dhanurvedācāryo mama guru viśeṣeṇa ca divyāstra-sampannas tathā bhīṣmaḥ svacchanda-mṛtyur divyāstra-sampannaś ca parāśurāmeṇa dvandva-yuddham upagamyāpi na parājitas tathā yasya pitā vṛddha-kṣatras tapaś carati mama putrasya śiro yo bhūmau pātayiṣyati tasyāpi śiras tat-kālaṃ bhūmau patiṣyatīti sa jayadratho 'pi jetum aśakyaḥ svayam api mahādevārādhana-paro divyāstra-sampannaś ca tathā karṇo 'pi svayaṃ sūrya-samas tad-ārādhanena divyāstra-sampannaś ca vāsava-dattayā caika-puruṣa-ghātinyā moghīkartum aśakyayā śaktyā śaktyā viśiṣṭas tathā kṛpāśvatthāma-bhūriśravaḥ-prabhṛtayo mahānubhāvāḥ sarvathā durjayā evaiteṣu satsu kathaṃ jitvā śatrūn rājyaṃ bhokṣye kathaṃ vā yaśo lapsya ity āśaṅkām arjunasyāpanetum āha tad āśaṅkā-viṣayān nāmabhiḥ kathayan droṇam iti |

droṇādīṃs tvad-āśaṅkā-viṣayī-bhūtān sarvān eva yodha-vīrān kālātmanā mayā hatān eva tvaṃ jahi | hatānāṃ hanane ko vā pariśramaḥ | ato mā vyathiṣṭhāḥ katham evaṃ śakṣyāmīti vyathāṃ bhaya-nimittāṃ pīḍāṃ mā gā bhayaṃ tyaktvā yudhyasva | jetāsi jeṣyasy acireṇaiva raṇe saṅgrāme sapatnān sarvān api śatrūn |

atra droṇaṃ ca bhīṣmaṃ ca jayadrathaṃ ceti ca-kāra-trayeṇa pūrvoktājeyatva-śaṅkānūdyate | tathā-śabdena karṇe 'pi | anyān api yodha-vīrān ity atrāpi-śabdena | tasmāt kuto 'pi svasya parājayaṃ vadha-nimittaṃ pāpaṃ ca mā śaṅkiṣṭhā ity abhiprāyaḥ |

kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṅkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana | iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhau ity atrevātrāpi samudāyānvayān antaraṃ pratyekānvayo draṣṭavyaḥ ||34||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ iti sva-vijaye saṃśayam ākārṣīr ity āśayenāha droṇaṃ ceti | mayā hatān hatāyuṣo droṇādīṃs tvaṃ jahi māraya | mā vyatiṣṭhāḥ | katham etān divyāstra-sampannān ekaḥ śaknomy ahaṃ vijetum iti bhayaṃ mā gāḥ | mṛtānāṃ māraṇe kaḥ śrama ity arthaḥ | bhayaṃ hitvā yudhyasva raṇa sapatnān ripūn jetāsi jeṣyasi ||34||

BhG 11.35

saṃjaya uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : tato yad vṛttaṃ tad eva dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ prati saṃjaya uvāca etad iti | etat pūrva-śloka-trayātmakaṃ keśavasya vacanaṃ śrutvā vepamānaḥ kampamānaḥ kirīṭy arjunaḥ kṛtāñjaliḥ sampuṭīkṛta-hastaḥ kṛṣṇaṃ namaskṛtya punar apy āhoktavān | katham āha ? harṣa-bhayādy-āveśa-vaśāt gadgadena kaṇṭha-kampanena saha vartate iti sa-gadgadaṃ yathā syāt tathā | kiṃ ca bhītād api bhītaḥ san praṇamyāvanato bhūtvā ||35||

madhusūdanaḥ : droṇa-bhīṣma-jayadratha-karṇeṣu jayāśā-viṣayeṣu hateṣu nirāśrayo duryodhano hata evety anusandhāya jayāśāṃ parityajya yadi dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ sandhiṃ kuryāt tadā śāntir ubhayeṣāṃ bhaved ity abhiprāyavāṃs tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ity apekṣāyāṃ saṃjaya uvāca etad iti | etat pūrvoktaṃ keśavasya vacanaṃ śrutvā kṛtāñjaliḥ kirīṭīndra-datta-kirīṭaḥ parama-vīratvena prasiddho vepamānaḥ paramāścarya-darśana-janitena sambhrameṇa kampamāno 'rjunaḥ kṛṣṇaṃ bhaktāgha-karṣaṇaṃ bhagavantaṃ namaskṛtvā namaskṛtya bhūyaḥ punar apy āhoktavān sa-gadgadaṃ bhayena harṣeṇa cāśru-pūrṇa-netratve sati kapha-ruddha-kaṇṭhatayā vāco mandatva-sakampatvādir vikāraḥ sa-gadgadas tad-yuktaṃ yathā syāt | bhīta-bhīto 'tiśayena bhītaḥ san pūrvaṃ namaskṛtya punar api praṇamyātyanta-namro bhūtvāheti sambandhaḥ ||35||

baladevaḥ : tato yad abhūt tat saṃjaya uvāca etad iti | keśavasyaitat padya-trayātmakaṃ vacanaṃ śrutvā kirīṭī pārthaḥ vepamāno 'tyadbhutātyugra-rūpa-darśanajena sambhrameṇa sakampaḥ | namakṣṭvety ārṣam | kṛṣṇaṃ namaskṛtya, punaḥ praṇamya, bhīta-bhīto 'tibhayākulaḥ san bhūyaḥ punaar apy āha sa-gadgadaṃ gadgadena kaṇṭha-kampena sahitaṃ yathā syāt tathā ||35||

BhG 11.36

arjuna uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : sthāne ity ekādaśabhir arjunasyoktiḥ | sthāne ity avyayaṃ yuktam ity asminn arthe | he hṛṣīkeśa yata evaṃ tvam adbhuta-prabhāvo bhakta-vatsalaś ca | atas tava prakīrtyā māhātmya-saṅkīrtanena na kevalam aham eva prahṛṣyāmīti, kintu jagat sarvaṃ prahṛṣyaty prakarṣeṇa harṣaṃ prāpnoti | etat tu sthāne yuktam ity arthaḥ | tathā jagad anurajyate cānurāgam upaitīti yat | tathā rakṣāṃsi bhītāni santi | diśaḥ prati dravanti palāyante iti yat | sarve yoga-tapo-mantrādi-siddhānāṃ saṅghā namasyanti praṇamanti iti yat | etac ca sthāne yuktam eva | na citram ity arthaḥ ||36||

madhusūdanaḥ : ekādaśabhir arjuna uvāca sthāna iti | sthāna ity avyayaṃ yuktam ity arthe | he hṛṣīkeśa ! sarvendriya-pravartaka yatas tvam evam atyantādbhuta-prabhāvo bhakta-vatsalaś ca tatas tava prakīrtyā prakṛṣṭayā kīrtyā niratiśaya-prāśastyasya kīrtanena śravaṇena ca na kevalam aham eva prahṛṣyāmi kintu sarvam eva jagac cetana-mātraṃ rakṣo-virodhi prahṛṣyati prakṛṣṭaṃ harṣam āpnotīti yat tat sthāne yuktam evety arthaḥ | tathā sarvaṃ jagad anurajyate ca tad-viṣayam anurāgam upaitīti ca yat tad api yuktam eva | tathā rakṣāṃsi bhītāni bhayāviṣṭāni santi diśo dravanti gacchanti sarvāsu dikṣu palāyanta iti yat tad api yuktam eva | tathā sarve siddhānāṃ kapilādīnāṃ saṃghā namasyanti ceti yat tad api yuktam eva | sarvatra tava prakīrtyety asyānvayaḥ sthāna ity asya ca | ayaṃ śloko rakṣoghna-mantratvena mantra-śāstre prasiddhaḥ | sa ca nārāyaṇāṣṭākṣara-sudarśanāstra-mantrābhyāṃ sampuṭito jñeya iti rahasyam ||36||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhagavad-vigrahasyātiprasannatvam atighoratvaṃ cedam unmukha-vimukha-viṣayakam iti sahaseva jñātvā tad eva tattvaṃ vyācakṣaṇaḥ stauti sthāna iti | sthāna ity avyayaṃ yuktam ity arthaḥ | he hṛṣīkeśa ! sva-bhaktendriyānāṃ ca svābhimukhye sva-mukhye ca pravartaka ! tava prakīrtyā prakṛṣṭayā tvan-māhātmya-saṅkīrtanena jagad idaṃ prahṛṣyay anurajyate anuraktam bhavatīti yuktam eva jagato 'sya tvad-aunmukhyād iti bhāvaḥ | tathā rakṣāṃsi rakṣo 'sura-dānava-piśācādīni bhītāni bhūtvā diśo dravanti diśaḥ prati palāyanta ity etad api sthāne yuktam eva | teṣāṃ tvad-vaimukhyād iti bhāvaḥ | tathā tvad-bhaktyā ye siddhās teṣāṃ saṅghāḥ sarve namasyanti cety api yuktam eva | teṣāṃ tvad-bhaktatvād iti bhāvaḥ | śloko 'yaṃ rakṣoghna-mantratvena mantra-śāstre prasiddhaḥ ||36||

baladevaḥ : pareśasya sakhyuḥ kṛṣṇasyātiramyatvam atyugratvaṃ ca tatra raṅgavad yugapad eva vīkṣya tad-ubhayaṃ sva-saṃmukha-sva-vimukha-viṣayam iti vidvān arjunas tad-anurūpaṃ stauti sthāna ity ekādaśabhiḥ | yuktam ity arthakaṃ sthāna ity ed-antam avyayam | he hṛṣīkeśeti saṃmukha-vimukhendriyāṇāṃ sāṃmukhye vaimukhye capravarakety arthaḥ | yuddha-darśanāyāgataṃ deva-gandharva-siddha-vidyādhara-pramukhaṃ tvat-saṃmukhaṃ jagat tava duṣṭa-saṃhartatva-rūpayā prakīrtyā prahṛṣyaty anurajyate ceti yuktam etat | duṣṭa-svabhāvāni tvad-vimukhāni rakṣāṃsi rākṣasāsura-dānavādīni devādy-udgītayā tat-prakīrtyā bhītāni bhūtvā diśaḥ prati dravanti palāyanta iti ca yuktam | tava prāṇi-bhāvānusāri-rūpa-prakāśitvād iti bhāvaḥ | tad itthaṃ śiṣṭāśiṣṭānugraha-kāritāṃ tava vīkṣya tvad-bhaktāḥ siddha-saṅghāḥ sarve sanakādayo namasyanti jaya jaya bhagavān ity udīrayantaḥ praṇamanti ca yuktaṃ tava bhakta-mano-hāritvāt ||36||

BhG 11.37

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha kasmād iti | he mahātman ! he ananta ! he deveśa ! he jagannivāsa ! kasmād dhetos te tubhyaṃ na nameran na namaskāraṃ kuryuḥ ? kathambhūtāya brahmaṇo 'py garīyase gurutarāya | ādi-kartre ca brahmaṇo 'pi janakāya | kiṃ ca sad vyaktam asad-vyaktaṃ tābhyāṃ paraṃ mūla-kāraṇaṃ yad akṣaraṃ brahma | tac ca tvam eva | etair navabhir hetubhis tvāṃ sarve namasyantīti na citram ity arthaḥ ||37||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhagavato harṣādi-viṣayatve hetum āha kasmāc ceti | kasmāc ca hetos te tubhyaṃ na nameran na namaskuryuḥ siddha-saṅghāḥ sarve 'pi | he mahātman paramodāra-citta ! he 'nanta sarva-pariccheda-śūnya ! he deveśa hiraṇyagarbhādīnām api devānāṃ niyantaḥ ! he jagan-nivāsa sarvāśraya ! tubhyaṃ kīdṛśāya brahmaṇo 'pi garīyase gurutarāyādi-kartre tvam brahmaṇo 'pi janakāya | niyantṛtvam upadeṣṭṛtvaṃ janakatvam ity ādir ekaiko 'pi hetur namaskāryatā-prayojakaḥ kiṃ punar mahātmatvānantatva-jagan-nivāsatvādi-nānā-kalyāṇa-guṇa-samuccita ity anāścaryatā-sūcanārthaṃ namaskārasya kasmāc ceti vā-śabdārthaś ca-kāraḥ | kiṃ ca sat ? vidhi-mukhena pratīyamānam astīit | asan niṣedha-mukhena pratīyamānaṃ nāstīti | athavā sad-vyaktam asad-vyaktaṃ tvam eva | tathā tat-paraṃ tābhyāṃ sad-asadbhyāṃ paraṃ mūla-kāraṇaṃ yad akṣaraṃ brahma tad api tvam eva tvad-bhinnaṃ kim api nāstīty arthaḥ | tat-paraṃ yad ity atra yac-chabdāt prāk-ca-kāram api kecit paṭhanti | etair hetubhis tvāṃ sarve namasyantīti na kim api citram ity arthaḥ ||37||

viśvanāthaḥ : te kasmān na nameran, api tu namerann eva | ātmanepadam ārṣam | sat-kāryam asat-kāraṇaṃ ca tābhyāṃ paraṃ yad akṣaraṃ brahma tat tvam ||37||

baladevaḥ : atha bhagavataḥ sarva-namasyatvam abhidadhat sarva-vyāpitvāt sarvātmakatāṃ pratipādayati kasmāc ceti caturbhiḥ | he mahātman udāra-mate ! he ananta sarva-vyāpin ! he deveśa sarva-deva-niyantaḥ ! he jagannivāsa sarvāśraya ! te siddha-saṅghās te tubhyaṃ kasmād dhetor na nameran ? ātmanepadaṃ chāndasam | api tu praṇameyur eva te | kīdṛśāyety āha | brahmaṇo 'py garīyase gurutarāya yasmād ādi-kartre tattva-sṛṣṭi-karāyeti namasyatve 'neke hetavaḥ santīti samuccayālaṅkāraḥ | kiṃ ca yad akṣaraṃ prakṛti-tattvaṃ tat-paraṃ yad iti | tasmāt prakṛti-saṃsṛṣṭāj jīvātma-tattvāt prakṛti-tattvāc cokta-rūpāt param utkṛṣṭaṃ bhinnaṃ

BhG 11.38

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca tvam ādi-deva iti | tvam ādi-devo devānām ādiḥ | yataḥ purāṇo 'nādiḥ puruṣas tvam | ataeva tvam asya paraṃ nidhānam laya-sthānam | tathā viśvasya jñātā tvam | yac ca vedyaṃ vastu-jātaṃ paraṃ ca dhāma vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ tad api tvam evāsi | ataeva he ananta-rūpa tvayaivedaṃ viśvaṃ tataṃ vyāptam | etaiś ca saptabhir hetubhis tvam eva namaskārya ity arthaḥ ||38||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhakty-udrekāt punar api stauti tvam iti | tvam ādi-devo jagataḥ sarga-hetutvāt | puruṣaḥ pūrayitā | purāṇo 'nādiḥ | tvam asya viśvasya paraṃ nidhānam laya-sthānatvān nidhīyate sarvam asminn iti | evaṃ sṛṣṭi-pralaya-sthānatvenopādānatvam uktvā sarvajñatvena pradhānaṃ vyāvartayan nimittatām āha vettā veditā sarvasyāsi | dvaitāpattiṃ vārayati yac ca vedyaṃ tad api tvam evāsi vedana-rūpe veditari paramārtha-sambandhābhāvena sarvasya vedyasya kalpitatvāt | ataeva paraṃ ca dhāma yat sac-cid-ānanda-ghanam avidyā-tat-kārya-nirmuktaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ tad api tvam evāsi | tvayā sad-rūpeṇa sphūraṇa-rūpeṇa ca kāraṇena tataṃ vyāptam

baladevaḥ : tvam iti | paraṃ nidhānam paramāśrayo nidhīyate 'smin iti nirukteḥ | jagati yo vettā yac ca vedyaṃ tad ubhayaṃ tvam eva | kuta evam iti cet tatrāha yat tvayā viśvam idaṃ tataṃ tad-vyāpitvād ity arthaḥ | yac ca paraṃ dhāma parama-vyomākhyaṃ prāpya-sthānam tad api tvam eva parākhya-tvac-chakti-vaibhavatvāt tasya dhāmnaḥ ||38||

BhG 11.39

śrīdharaḥ : itaś ca sarvais tvam eva namaskāryaḥ sarva-devātmakatvād iti stuvan svayam api namaskaroti vāyur iti | vāyv-ādi-rūpas tvam iti sarva-devātmakatvopalakṣaṇārtham uktam | prajāpatiḥ pitāmahaḥ | tasyāpi janakatvāt prapitāmahas tvam | atas te tubhyaṃ sahasraśo namo 'stu | punaḥ sahasra-kṛtvo namo 'stu | bhūyo 'pi punar api sahasra-kṛtvo namo nama iti ||39||

madhusūdanaḥ : vāyur yamo 'gnir varuṇaḥ śaśāṅkaḥ sūryādīnām apy upalakṣaṇam etat | prajāpatir virāḍ hiraṇyagarbhaś ca | prapitāmahaś pitāmahasya hiraṇya-garbhasyāpi pitā ca tvam | yasmād evaṃ sarva-devātmakatvāt tvam eva sarvair namaskāryo 'si tasmān mamāpi varākasya namo namo namas te tubhyam astu sahasrakṛtvaḥ | punaś ca bhūyo 'pi punar api ca namo namas te | bhakti-śraddhātiśayena namaskāreṣv alaṃ-pratyayābhāvo 'nayā namaskārāvṛttyā sūcyate ||39||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : ataḥ sarva-śabda-vācyas tvam ity āha vāyur iti | sarva-devopalakṣaṇaṃ vāyv-ādi-sarva-deva-rūpas tvaṃ prajāpatiś caturāsyaḥ pitāmahas tvaṃ tat-pitṛtvāt prapitāmahas tvaṃ bhavasi kaṅkaṇādiṣu kanakasyeva cid-acic-chaktimatas tava kāraṇasya vāyv-ādiṣu vyāptes tat tat sarva-rūpas tvam ataḥ sarva-namasyo 'sīti mayā tvaṃ namasyase ity āha namo namaḥ ||39||

BhG 11.40

namaḥ purastād atha pṛṣṭhatas te

śrīdharaḥ : bhakti-śraddhābhayātiśayena namaskāreṣu tṛptim anadhigacchan punar api bahuśaḥ praṇamati nama iti | he sarva sarvātman sarvāsu dikṣu tubhyaṃ namo 'stu | sarvātmakam upapādayann āha anantaṃ vīryaṃ sāmarthyaṃ yasya tathā | amito vikramaḥ parākramo yasya saḥ | evaṃ bhūtas tvaṃ sarvaṃ viśvaṃ samyag antar bahiś ca samāpnoṣi vyāpnoṣi | suvarṇam iva kaṭaka-kuṇḍalādi sva-kāryaṃ vyāpya vartase tataḥ sarva-svarūpo 'si ||40||

madhusūdanaḥ : tubhyaṃ purastād agra-bhāge namo 'stu tubhyaṃ puro namaḥ syād iti vā | atha-śabdaḥ samuccaye | pṛṣṭhato 'pi tubhyaṃ namaḥ syāt | namo 'stu te tubhyaṃ sarvata eva sarvāsu dikṣu sthitāya he sarva ! vīryaṃ śarīra-balaṃ vikramaḥ śikṣā śastra-prayoga-kauśalam | ekaṃ vīryādhikaṃ manya uttaikaṃ śikṣayādhikam ity ukter bhīma-duryodhanayor anyeṣu caikaikaṃ vyavasthitam | tvaṃ tu ananta-vīryaś cāmita-vikramaś ceti samastam ekaṃ padam | ananta-vīryeti sambodhanaṃ vā | sarvaṃ samastaṃ jagat samāpnoṣi samyag ekenaa sad-rūpeṇāpnoṣi

baladevaḥ : bhakty-atiśayena namaskāreṣv alaṃ bhāvam avidan bahukṛtvaḥ praṇamati namaḥ purastād iti | he sarva ! purastāt pṛṣṭhataḥ sarvataś ca sthitāya te namo namo 'stu | ananteti karma-dhārayaḥ | vīryaṃ deha-balaṃ vikramas tu dhī-balaṃ śastra-prayogādi-prāvīṇya-rūpam | ekaṃ vīryādhikaṃ manyataikaṃ śikṣayādhikam iti bhīma-duryodhanāv uddiśyokteḥ | sarva-rūpatvehe tum āha sarvaṃ samāpnoṣīti | evam evoktaṃ śrī-vaiṣṇave -

yo 'yaṃ tavāgato deva samīpaṃ devatā-gaṇaḥ | sa tvam eva jagat-sraṣṭā yataḥ sarva-gato bhavān || iti ||40||

BhG 11.41-42

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ bhagavantaṃ kṣamāpayati sakhetīti dvyābhyām | tvaṃ prākṛteḥ sakhety evaṃ matvā prasabhaṃ haṭhāt tiraskāreṇa yad uktaṃ tat kṣāmaye tvām ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | kiṃ tat ? he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti ca | sandhir ārṣam | prasabhoktau hetuḥ - tava mahimānaṃ idaṃ ca viśva-rūpam ajānatā ca mayā pramādāt praṇayena snehena yad uktam iti ||41||

kiṃ ca yac ceti | he acyuta ! yac ca parihāsārthaṃ krīḍādiṣu tiraskṛto 'si | ekatra ekalaḥ | sakhīn vinā rahasi sthita ity arthaḥ | athavā tat-samakṣaṃ teṣāṃ parihasatāṃ sakhīnāṃ samakṣaṃ purato 'pi | tat sarvam aparādha-jātaṃ tvām aprameyam acintya-prabhāvaṃ kṣāmaye kṣamāṃ kārayāmi ||42||

madhusūdanaḥ : yato 'haṃ tvan-māhātmyāparijñānād aparādhān ajasrām akārṣaṃ tataḥ parama-kāruṇikaṃ tvāṃ praṇamyāparādha-kṣamāṃ kāryāmītyāha sakhetīti dvābhyām | tvaṃ mama sakhā samāna-vayā iti matvā prasabhaṃ svotkarṣa-khyāpana-rūpeṇābhibhavena yad uktaṃ mayā tavedaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ tathā mahimānam aiśvaryātiśayam ajānatā | puṃ-liṅga-pāṭha imaṃ viśva-rūpātmakaṃ mahimānaṃ ajānatā | pramādāc citta-vikṣepāt praṇayena snehena vāpi kim uktam ity āha he kṛṣṇa he yādava he sakheti ||41||

yac cāvahāsārtham parihāsārthaṃ vihāra-śayyāsana-bhojaneṣu vihāraḥ krīḍā vyāyāmo vā, śayyā tūlikādyāstaraṇa-viśeṣaḥ, āsanaṃ siṃhāsanādi | bhojanaṃ bahūnāṃ paṅkāvaśanaṃ teṣu viṣaya-bhūteṣu asatkṛto 'si mayā paribhūto 'si ekaḥ sakhīn vihāya rahasi sthito vā tvam | athavā tat-samakṣaṃ teṣāṃ sakhīnāṃ samakṣaṃ vā, he 'cyuta ! sarvadā nirvikāra ! tat sarvaṃ vacana-rūpam asat-karaṇa-rūpaṃ cāparādha-jātaṃ kṣāmaye kṣāmayāmi tvām aprameyam acintya-prabhāveṇa nirvikāreṇa ca parama-kāruṇikena bhagavatā tvan-māhātmyānabhijñasya

viśvanāthaḥ : hanta hantaitādṛśa-mahā-mahaiśvaryamat tvayy ahaṃ kṛta-mahāparādha-puñjo 'smīty anutāpam āviṣkurvann āha sakhetīti | he kṛṣṇeti | tvaṃ vasudeva-nāmno narasyārdharathatvenāpy aprasiddhasya putraḥ kṛṣṇa iti prasiddhaḥ | he yādaveti | yadu-vaṃśasya tava nāsti rājatvaṃ, mama tu puru-vaṃśasyāsty eva rājatvam | he sakheti | sandhir ārṣaḥ | tad api tvayā saha mama yat sakhyaṃ tatra tava paitrika-prabhāvo na hetuḥ | nāpi kaulikaḥ | kintu tāvaka evety abhiprāyato yeat prasabhaṃ sa-tiraskāram uktaṃ mayā tat kṣāmaye kṣamayāmīty uttareṇānvayaḥ | tavedaṃ viśva-rūpātmakaṃ svarūpam eva mahimānaṃ pramādād vā praṇayena snehena vā parihāsārthaṃ vihārādiṣv asatkṛto 'si tvaṃ satyavādī niṣkapaṭaḥ parama-sarala ity-ādi-vakroktyā tiraskṛto 'si | tvam ekaḥ sakhīn vinaiva rahasi | athavā tat samakṣaṃ teṣāṃ parihasatāṃ sakhīnāṃ samakṣaṃ purato 'si yadā sthitas tadā jātaṃ tat sarvam aparādha-sahasraṃ kṣāmaye | he prabho ! kṣamasvety anunayāmīty arthaḥ ||41-42||

baladevaḥ : evam arjunaḥ sahasra-śīrṣādi-lakṣaṇaṃ sva-sakhaṃ kṛṣṇaṃ vilokya saṃstutya praṇamya ca sva-sakhyasyaiśvarya-jñāna-saṃmiśratvāt tad-anurūpam anunayati sakheti dvābhyām | kṛṣṇo bhagavān me sakhā mitram iti matvā niścitya tavedaṃ sahasra-śīrṣatvādi-lakṣaṇaṃ mahimānam ajānatānanubhavatā mayā pramādād anavadhānataḥ praṇayena sakhya-premṇā vā yat tvāṃ prati prasabhaṃ haṭhād uktam | tad idānīṃ kṣāmaye kṣamayāmi | kiṃ tad iti cet tatrāha he kṛṣṇety ādi | sakhetīty atra sandhiś chāndasaḥ | etāni trīṇi sambodhanāny anādara-garbhāṇi he kṛṣṇety atra śrī-pūrvakatvābhāvāt | he yādavety atra rājya-vaṃśyatvābhāvāvedanāt | he sakhety atra savayastva-mātra-sūcanāt | kiṃ ca, yac ca vihārādiṣv avahāsārthaṃ parihāsāyāsatkṛto 'si satya-vāk saralo niṣkapaṭas tvam ity evaṃ vyañjaka-śabdair avajñāto 'si | ekaḥ sakhīn vinā vijane sthitas tat samakṣaṃ vā teṣāṃ parihasatāṃ sakhīnāṃ purato vā sthita ity arthaḥ | tat sarva-vacana-rūpam asatkāra-rūpaṃ vāparādha-jātaṃ kṣāmaye kṣamasva prabho bhagavann ity anunayāmi | he acyuteti saty apy aparādhe 'vicyuta-sakhety arthaḥ | aprameyam atarkya-prabhāvam ||41-42||

BhG 11.43

śrīdharaḥ : acintya-prabhāvatvam evāha piteti | na vidyate pratimā upamā yasya so 'pratimaḥ | tathāvidhaḥ prabhāvo yasya tava he apratima-prabhāva | tvam asya carācarasya lokasya pitā janako 'si | ataeva pūjyaś ca guruś ca guror api garīyān gurutaraḥ | ato loka-traye 'pi na tvat-sama eva tāvad-anyo nāsti | parameśvarasyānyasyābhāvāt | tvatto 'bhyadhikaḥ punaḥ kutaḥ syāt ? ||43||

madhusūdanaḥ : acintya-prabhāvatām eva prapañcayati pitāsīti | asya carācarasya lokasya pitā janakas tvam asi | pūjyaś cāsi sarveśvaratvāt | guruś cāsi śāstropadeṣṭā | ataḥ sarvaiḥ prakārair garīyān gurutaro 'si | ataeva na tvat-samo 'sty abhyadhikaḥ kuto 'nyo loka-traye 'pi | he apratima-prabhāva ! yasya samo 'pi nāsti dvitīyasya parameśvarasyābhāvāt tasyādhiko 'nyaḥ kutaḥ syāt sarvathā na sambhāvyata evety arthaḥ ||43||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : aprameyatām āha pitāsīti | asya lokasya pitā pūjyo guruḥ śāstropadeṣṭā ca tvam asi | ataḥ sarvaiḥ prakārair garīyān gurutaras tvam | he 'pratima-prabhāva ! ato 'smin loka-traye nikhile 'pi jagati tvat-sama eva nāsti | dvitīyasya pareśasyābhāvād eva tvad-adhiko 'nyaḥ kutaḥ syāt ? śrutiś caivam āha na tat-samaś cābhyadhikaś ca dṛśyate iti ||43||

BhG 11.44

śrīdharaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | tasmāt tvām īśaṃ jagataḥ svāminam | īḍyaṃ tubhyam | prasādaye prasādayāmi | kathaṃ kāyaṃ praṇidhāya dantavan nipātya | praṇamya prakarṣeṇa natvā | atas tvaṃ mahāparādhaṃ soḍhuṃ kṣantum arhati | kasya kva iva ? putrasyāparādhaṃ kṛpayā pitā yathā sahate | sakhur mitrasyāparādhaṃ sakhā nirupādhi-bandhuḥ sahate | priyaś ca priyāyā aparādhaṃ tat-priyārthaṃ yathā sahate tadvat ||44||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | tasmāt praṇamya namaskṛtya tvāṃ praṇidhāya prakarṣeṇa nīcair dhṛtvā kāyaṃ daṇḍavad bhūmau patitveti yāvat | prasādaye tvām īśam īḍyam sarva-stutyam aham aparādhī | ato he deva ! piteva putrasyāparādhaṃ sakheva sakhyur aparādhaṃ priyaḥ priyāyāḥ pativratāyā aparādhaṃ mamāparādhaṃ tvaṃ soḍhum kṣantum arhasi ananya-śaraṇatvān mama | priyāyārhasīty atreva-śabda-lopaḥ sandhiś ca chāndasaḥ ||44||

baladevaḥ : yasmād evaṃ tasmād iti | kāyaṃ bhūmau praṇidhāya praṇamyeti sāṣṭāṅgaṃ praṇatiṃ kṛtvā | he deva ! mamāparādhaṃ soḍhum arhasi | kaḥ kasyevety āha piteveti | sakheva sakhyur iti tu tadā mahaiśvaryaṃ vīkṣya svasmin dāsatva-mananāt | priyāyārhasīti visarga-lopaḥ sandhiś cārṣaḥ ||44||

BhG 11.45

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ kṣamāpayitvā prārthayate adṛṣṭa-pūrvam iti dvābhyām | he deva pūrvam adṛṣṭaṃ tava rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛṣito hṛṣṭo 'smi | tathā bhayena ca me manaḥ pravyathitaṃ pracalitam | tasmān mama vyathā-nivṛntaye tad eva rūpaṃ darśaya | he devaśa he jagannivāsa prasanno bhava ||45||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam aparādha-kṣamāṃ prārthya punaḥ prāg-rūpa-darśanaṃ viśvarūpopasaṃhareṇa prārthayate adṛṣṭa-pūrvam iti dvābhyām | kadāpy adṛṣṭa-pūrvaṃ pūrvam adṛṣṭaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛṣito hṛṣṭo 'smi | tad-vikṛta-rūpa-darśanajena bhayena ca pravyathitaṃ vyākulīkṛtaṃ mano me | atas tad eva prācīnam eva mama prāṇāpekṣayāpi priyaṃ rūpaṃ me darśaya he deva he deveśa he jagan-nivāsa prasīda prāg-rūpa-darśana-rūpaṃ prasādaṃ me kuru ||45||

viśvanāthaḥ : yadyapy adṛṣṭa-pūrvam idaṃ te viśva-rūpātmakaṃ vapur dṛṣṭvā hṛṣito 'smi tad apy asya ghoratvād bhayena manaḥ pravyathitam abhūt | tasmāt tad eva mānuṣaṃ rūpaṃ mat-prāṇa-koṭy-adhika-priyaṃ mādhurya-pārāvāraṃ vasudeva-nandanākāraṃ me darśaya prasīdety alaṃ tavaitādṛśaiśvaryasya darśanāyeti bhāvaḥ | deveśeti tvaṃ sarvedvānām īśvaraḥ sarva-jagan-nivāso bhavasy eveti mayā pratītam iti bhāvaḥ | atra viśva-rūpa-darśana-kāle sarva-svarūpa-mūla-bhūtaṃ narākāraṃ kṛṣṇa-vapus tatraiva sthitam api yogamāyācchāditatvād arjunena na dṛṣṭam iti gamyate ||45||

baladevaḥ : atha kiṃ vakṣi kiṃ cecchasīti cet tatrāha adṛṣṭeti | tvayi kṛṣṇe sattvena jñātam apīdam aiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvāhaṃ harṣito 'smi mat-sakhasyedam asādhāraṇaṃ rūpam iti mudito 'smi manaś ca mama tad-ghoratva-darśana-jena bhayena pravyathitaṃ bhavati | ata idaṃ prārthayed evety ādi sarva-deva-niyantā tat-sarvādhāraḥ pareśas tvam asīti mayā pratyakṣīkṛtam ataḥparaṃ tad-antarbhāvya tad eva mad-abhīṣṭaṃ kṛṣṇa-rūpaṃ darśaya prādurbhāvayety arthaḥ ||45||

BhG 11.46

śrīdharaḥ : tad eva rūpaṃ viśeṣayann āha kirīṭinam iti | kirīṭavantam gadāvantaṃ cakra-hastaṃ ca tvāṃ draṣṭum icchāmi | pūrvaṃ yathā dṛṣṭo 'si tathaiva | ataeva he sahasra-bāho | he viśva-mūrte ! idaṃ viśva-rūpam upasaṃhṛtya tenaiva kirīṭādi-yuktena caturbhujena bhavāvirbhava | tad anena śrī-kṛṣṇam arjunaḥ pūrvam api kirīṭādi-yuktam eva paśyatīti gamyate | yat tu pūrvam uktaṃ viśva-rūpa-darśane kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakriṇaṃ ca paśyāmīti | tad-bahu-kirīṭādy-abhiprāyeṇa | yad vā etāvantaṃ kālaṃ yaṃ tvāṃ kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakriṇaṃ ca suprasannam apaśyaṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva rūpaṃ vivṛṇoti kirīṭinam iti | kirīṭavantam gadāvantaṃ cakra-hastaṃ ca tvāṃ draṣṭum icchāmy ahaṃ tathaiva pūrvavad eva | atas tenaiva rūpeṇa catur-bhujena vasudevātmajatvena bhava he idānīṃ sahasra-bāho he viśva-mūrte | upasaṃhṛtya viśvarūpaṃ pūrva-rūpeṇaiva prakaṭo bhavety arthaḥ | etena sarvadā caturbhujādi-rūpam arjunena bhagavato dṛśyata ity uktam ||46||

viśvanāthaḥ : viśeṣayann āha kirīṭinam iti | kirīṭavantam gadāvantaṃ cakra-hastaṃ ca tvāṃ draṣṭum icchāmi | pūrvaṃ yathā dṛṣṭo 'si tathaiva | ataeva he sahasra-bāho | he viśva-mūrte ! idaṃ viśva-rūpam upasaṃhṛtya tenaiva kirīṭādi-yuktena caturbhujena bhavāvirbhava | tad anena śrī-kṛṣṇam arjunaḥ pūrvam api kirīṭādi-yuktam eva paśyatīti gamyate | yat tu pūrvam uktaṃ viśva-rūpa-darśane kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakriṇaṃ ca paśyāmīti | tad-bahu-kirīṭādy-abhiprāyeṇa | yad vā etāvantaṃ kālaṃ yaṃ tvāṃ kirīṭinaṃ gadinaṃ cakriṇaṃ ca suprasannam apaśyaṃ tam evedānīṃ

baladevaḥ : tat kīdṛg ity āha kirīṭinam iti | he samprati sahasra-bāho ! he viśva-mūrte ! idaṃ rūpam antarbhāvya divyābhinetṛ-naṭavat tenaiva caturbhujena rūpeṇa viśiṣṭaḥ san prādurbhava ||46||

BhG 11.47

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ prārthitas tam āśvāsayan bhagavān uvāca mayeti tribhiḥ | he arjuna kim iti tvaṃ bibheṣi ? yato mayā prasannena kṛpayā tavedaṃ param uttamaṃ rūpaṃ darśitam | ātmano mama yogād yoga-māyā-sāmārthyāt | paratvam evāha tejo-mayam | viśvam viśvātmakam | anantam ādyaṃ ca | yan mama rūpaṃ tvad-anyena tvādṛśād bhaktād anyena pūrvaṃ na dṛṣṭaṃ tat ||47||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam arjunena prasādito bhaya-vādhitam arjunam upalabhyopasaṃhṛtya viśva-rūpam ucitena vacanena tam āśvāsayan śrī-bhagavān uvāca mayeti tribhiḥ | he 'rjuna mā bhaiṣīḥ | yato mayā prasannena tvad-viṣaya-kṛpātiśayavatedaṃ viśva-rūpātmakaṃ paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ rūpaṃ tava darśitam ātma-yogād asādhāraṇān nija-sāmarthyāt | paratvaṃ vivṛṇoti tejo-mayaṃ tejaḥ-pracuraṃ viśvam samastam anantam ādyaṃ ca yan mama rūpaṃ tvad-anyena kenāpi na dṛṣṭa-pūrvam pūrvaṃ na dṛṣṭam ||47||

viśvanāthaḥ : bho arjuna ! draṣṭum icchāmi te rūpam aiśvaraṃ puruṣottama iti tvat-prārthanayaivedaṃ mayā mad-aṃśasya viśva-rūpa-puruṣasya rūpaṃ darśitam | katham atra te manaḥ pravyathitam abhūt ? yataḥ prasīda prasīdety uktyā tan-mānuṣam eva rūpaṃ me didṛkṣase, tasmāt kim idam āścaryaṃ brūṣe ity āha mayeti | prasannenaiva mayā tava tubhyam evedaṃ rūpaṃ darśitam | nānyasmai, yatas tvatto 'nyena kenāpi etan na pūrvaṃ dṛṣṭam | tad api tvam etan na spṛhayasi kim iti bhāvaḥ ||47||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ prārthito bhagavān uvāca mayeti | he arjuna ! draṣṭum icchāmi te rūpam ity ādi tvat-prārthitaṃ prasannena mayedaṃ tejo-mayaṃ paramaiśvaraṃ rūpaṃ vaidūryavad abhinetṛ-naṭavac ca tvad-abhīṣṭe kṛṣṇe mayi sthitam eva tava darśitam | ātma-yogān nijācintya-śaktyā me mama yad rūpaṃ tvad-anyena janena pūrvaṃ na dṛṣṭam | tat-prasaṅgād idānīṃ tv anyair api devādibhir dṛṣṭaṃ bhakti-dṛśyaṃ mama tat-svarūpaṃ bhaktaṃ tvāṃ prati pradarśayatā mayā tvad-dṛṣṭasya bahu-sākṣikatvāya devādibhyo 'pi bhaktimadbhyaḥ pradarśitam | yat tu gaja-sāhvaye duryodhanādibhir

BhG 11.48

śrīdharaḥ : etad-darśanam atidurlabhaṃ labdhvā tvaṃ kṛtārtho 'sīty āha na vedeti | vedādhyayanam avyatirekeṇa yajñādhyayanasyābhāvād yajña-śabdena yajña-vidyāḥ kalpa-sūtrādyā lakṣyante | vedānāṃ yajña-vidyānāṃ cādhyayanair ity arthaḥ | na ca dānaiḥ | na ca kriyābhir agnihotrādibhiḥ | na cograis tapobhiś cāndrāyaṇādibhiḥ | evaṃ-rūpo 'haṃ tvatto 'nyena manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ śakyaḥ | api tu tvam eva kevalaṃ mat-prasādena dṛṣṭvā kṛtārtho 'si ||48||

madhusūdanaḥ : etad-rūpa-darśanātmakam atidurlabhaṃ mat-prasādaṃ labdhvā kṛtārtha evāsi tvam ity āha na vedeti | vedānāṃ caturṇām api adhyayanair akṣara-grahaṇa-rūpaiḥ, tathā mīmāṃsākalpa-sūtrādi-dvārā yajñānāṃ veda-bodhita-karmaṇām adhayayanair artha-vicāra-rūpair veda-yajñādhyayanaiḥ | dānais tulī-puruṣādibhiḥ | kriyābhir agnihotrādi-śrauta-karmabhiḥ | tapobhiḥ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādibhir ugraiḥ kāyendriya-śoṣakatvena duṣkarair evaṃ-rūpo 'haṃ na śakyo nṛ-loke manuṣya-loke draṣṭuṃ tvad-anyena mad-anugraha-hīnena he kuru-pravīra ! śakyo 'ham iti vaktavye visarga-lopaś chāndasaḥ | pratyekaṃ na-kārābhyāso niṣedha-dāḍhyāya | na ca kriyābhir ity atra ca-kārād anukta-sādhanāntara-samuccayaḥ ||48||

viśvanāthaḥ : tubhyaṃ darśitam idaṃ rūpaṃ tu vedādi-sādhanair api durlabham ity āha na vedeti | tvatto 'nyena na kenāpy aham evaṃrūpo draṣṭuṃ śakyaḥ | śakyo 'ham iti | yad-dvaya-lopāv ārṣau | tasmād alabhya-lābham ātmano matvā tvam asminn eveśvare, sarva-durlabhe rūpe mano-niṣṭhāṃ kuru | etad-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvāpy alaṃ te punar me mānuṣa-rūpeṇa didṛkṣiteneti bhāvaḥ ||48||

baladevaḥ : atha sahasra-śīrṣādi-lakṣaṇasyaiśvara-rūpasya pumarthatām āha na vedeti | vedānām adhyayanair akṣara-grahaṇaiḥ | yajñānām adhayayanair mīmāṃśā-kalpa-sūtrebhyo 'rpaṇaiḥ | kriyābhir agnihotrādi-karmabhiḥ | tapobhiḥ kṛcchrādibhir ugrair deha-śoṣakatvena duṣkaraiḥ | ebhiḥ kevalair vedādhyayanādibhir bhakti-yuktāt tvatto 'nyena bhakti-riktena kenāpi puṃsā evaṃ-rūpo 'haṃ draṣṭuṃ na śakyo, bhaktiṃ vinā bhūtāni vedādhyayanādīni mad-darśana-sādhanāni na bhavantīti | yad uktaṃ -

dharmaḥ satyādayopeto vidyā vā tapasānvitā | mad-bhaktyāpetam ātmānaṃ na samyak prapunāti hi || iti |

tvayā tu bhaktimatā dṛṣṭa evāham anyaiś ca bhaktimadbhir devādibhiḥ | śakyo 'ham iti vaktavye visarga-lopaś chāndasaḥ | na-kārābhyāso niṣedhāḍhyārthaḥ | nṛ-loke ity uktes tal-loke tad-bhaktā devā bahavas tad draṣṭuṃ śaknuvantīty uktam ||48||

BhG 11.49

śrīdharaḥ : evam api cet tavedaṃ ghoraṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā vyathā bhavati tarhi tad eva rūpaṃ darśayāmīty āha mā ta iti | īdṛg īdṛśaṃ ghoraṃ madīyaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā te ā te vyathā māstu | vimūḍha-bhāvo vimūḍhatvaṃ ca māstu | vigata-bhayaḥ prīta-manāś ca san punas tvaṃ tad evedaṃ mama rūpaṃ prakarṣeṇa paśya ||49||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ ghoram īdṛg aneka-bāhv-ādi-yuktatvena bhayaṅkaraṃ mama rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvā sthitasya te tava yā vyathā bhaya-nimittā pīḍā sā mā bhūt | tathā mad-rūpa-darśane 'pi yo vimūḍha-bhāvo vyākula-cittatvam aparitoṣaḥ so 'pi mā bhūt | kintu vyapeta-bhīr apagata-bhayaḥ prīta-manāś ca san punas tvaṃ tad eva caturbhujaṃ vāsudevatvādi-viśiṣṭaṃ tvayā sadā pūrva-dṛṣṭaṃ rūpam idaṃ viśva-rūpopasaṃhāreṇa prakaṭīkriyamāṇaṃ prapaśya prakarṣeṇa bhaya-rāhityena santoṣeṇa ca paśya ||49||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhoḥ parameśvara ! māṃ tvaṃ kiṃ na gṛhṇāsi ? yad anicchate 'pi mahyaṃ punar idam eva balād ditsasi | dṛṣṭvedaṃ tavaiśvaryaṃ mama gātrāṇi vyathante, mano me vyākulībhavati | muhur ahaṃ mūrcchāmi | tavāsmai paramaiśvaryāya dūrata eva mama namo namo 'stu, na kadāpy ahaṃ evaṃ draṣṭuṃ prārthayiṣye | kṣamasva kṣamasva | tad eva mānuṣākāraṃ vapur apūrva-mādhurya-dhurya-smita-hasita-sudhā-sāra-varṣi-mukha-candraṃ me darśaya darśayeti vyākulam arjunaṃ prati sāśvāsam āha mā te iti ||49||

baladevaḥ : yac ca tasminn eva mad-rūpe saṃhartṛtvaṃ mayā pradarśitaṃ tat khalu drapadī-pragharṣaṇaṃ vīkṣyāpi tuṣṇīṃ sthitā bhīṣmādayaḥ sarve tat-pragharṣaṇa-kupitena mayaiva nihantavyā na tu tan-nihanana-bhāras taveti bodhayitum atas tena tvaṃ vyathito mābhūr ity āha mā te vyatheti | tad eva caturbhujaṃ prārthita-rūpam ||49||

BhG 11.50

saṃjaya uvāca

śrīdharaḥ : evam uktvā prāktanam eva rūpaṃ mat-sakhaṃ prasannaṃ tava saumyaṃ janārdana idānīm adhunāsmi saṃvṛttaḥ saṃjātaḥ | kim ? sa-cetāḥ prasanna-cittaḥ | prakṛtiṃ svabhāvaṃ gataś cāsmi ||50||

viśvanāthaḥ : yathā svāṃśasya mahogra-rūpaṃ darśayāmāsa | tathā mahā-madhuraṃ svakaṃ rūpaṃ caturbhujaṃ kirīṭa-gadā-cakrādi-yuktaṃ tat-prārthitaṃ madhuraiśvarya-mayaṃ bhūyo darśayāmāsa | tataḥ punaḥ sa mahātmā somya-vapuḥ kaṭaka-kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣa-pītāmbara-dharo dvibhujo bhūtvā bhītam enam āśvāsayāmāsa ||50||

baladevaḥ : tato yad abhūt tat saṃjaya uvāca ity arjunam iti | vāsudevo 'rjunaṃ prati pūrvoktam uktvā yathā saṅkalpenaiva sahasra-śiraskaṃ rūpaṃ darśitavān tathaiva svakaṃ nīlotpala-śyāmalatvādi-guṇakaṃ devakī-putra-lakṣaṇaṃ caturbhujaṃ rūpaṃ darśayāmāsa evaṃ saumya-vapuḥ sundara-vigraho bhūtvā bhītam enam arjunaṃ punar āśvāsayāmāsa | mahātmā udāra-manā ||50||

BhG 11.51

śrīdharaḥ : tato nirbhayaḥ sann arjuna uvāca dṛṣṭvedam iti | sa-cetāḥ prasanna-cittaḥ | idānīṃ saṃvṛtto jāto 'smi | prakṛtiṃ svāsthyaṃ ca prāpto 'smi | śeṣaṃ spaṣṭam ||51||

madhusūdanaḥ : tato nirbhayaḥ san arjuna uvāca dṛṣṭvedam iti | idānīṃ sacetā bhaya-kṛta-vyāmohābhāvenāvyākula-cittaḥ saṃvṛtto 'smi tathā prakṛtiṃ bhaya-kṛta-vyathā-rāhityena svāsthyaṃ gato 'smi | spaṣṭam anyat ||51||

baladevaḥ : tato nirvyathaḥ prasanna-manāḥ sann arjuna uvāca dṛṣṭvedam iti | he janārdana tavedaṃ saumyaṃ manojñaṃ caturbhujaṃ rūpaṃ dṛṣṭvāham idānīṃ sa-cetāḥ prasanna-cittaḥ prakṛtiṃ vyathādy-abhāvena svāsthyaṃ ca gataḥ saṃvṛtto jāto 'smi | kīdṛśaṃ rūpam ity āha mānuṣam iti | caitanyānanda-vigrahaḥ kṛṣṇo vakṣyamāṇa-śruti-smṛtibhyaḥ | sa hi yaduṣu | pāṇḍaveṣu dvibhujaḥ kadācic caturbhujaś ca krīḍati | tad-ubhaya-rūpasyāsya mānuṣavat saṃsthānāc ceṣṭitāc ca | mānuṣa-bhāvenaiva

BhG 11.52

śrīdharaḥ : svakṛtasyānugrahasyātidurlabhatvaṃ darśayana bhagavān uvāca sudurdarśam iti | yan mama viśva-rūpaṃ tvaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi | idaṃ sudurdarśam atyantaṃ draṣṭum aśakyam | yato devā apy asya rūpasya nityaṃ sarvadā darśanam icchanti kevalam | na punar idaṃ paśyanti ||52||

madhusūdanaḥ : sva-kṛtasyānugrahasyātidurlabhatvaṃ darśayan śrī-bhagavān uvāca sudurdarśam iti caturbhiḥ | mama yad rūpam idānīṃ tvaṃ dṛṣṭavān asi, idaṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sudurdarśam atyantaṃ draṣṭum aśakyam | yato devā apy asya rūpasya nityaṃ sarvadā darśana-kāṅkṣiṇo na tu tvam iva pūrvaṃ dṛṣṭavanto na vāgre drakṣyantīty abhiprāyaḥ | darśanākāṅkṣāyā nityatvokteḥ ||52||

viśvanāthaḥ : darśitasya svarūpasya māhātmyam āha sudurdarśam iti tribhiḥ | devatā api asya darśanākāṅkṣiṇa eva na tu darśanaṃ labhante | tvaṃ tu naivedam api spṛhayasi | man-mūla-svarūpa-narākāra-mahā-mādhurya-nityāsvādine tvac-cakṣuse katham etad coratām ? ataeva mayā divyaṃ dadāmi te cakṣuḥ iti divyaṃ cakṣur dattam | kintu divya-cakṣur iva divyaṃ mano na dattam ataeva divya-cakṣuṣāpi tvayā na samyaktayā rocitaṃ man-mānuṣa-rūpa-mahā-mādhuryaika-grāhi-manaskatvāt | yadi divyaṃ mano 'pi tubhyam adāsyaṃ tadā deva-loka iva bhavān apy etad viśvarūpa pūruṣa-svarūpam arocayiṣyad eveti bhāvaḥ ||52||

baladevaḥ : mayā pradarśitaṃ na veda-yajñādhyayaniḥ ity ādinā ślāghitaṃ ca sahasra-śiraskaṃ mad-rūpaṃ śraddadhāno mat-priya-sakho 'rjuno manuṣya-bhāva-bhāvite śrī-kṛṣṇe mayi kadācid viślatha-bhāvo mābhūd iti bhāvena svaka-rūpasya parama-puruṣārthatām upadiśati sudurdarśam iti | sahasra-śiraskaṃ mad-rūpaṃ durdarśam eva | idaṃ ca mama kṛṣṇa-rūpaṃ sudurdarśam | nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya ity ukteḥ | yat tvaṃ sucirād dṛṣṭavān asi katham evaṃ praty emīti cet tatrāha devā apy asyeti | etac ca daśamādau garbha-stuty-ādinā prasiddham eva ||52||

BhG 11.53

śrīdharaḥ : atra hetum āha nāham iti | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||53||

madhusūdanaḥ : kasmād devā etad-rūpaṃ na dṛṣṭavanto na vā drakṣyanti mad-bhakti-śūnyatvād ity āha nāham iti | na veda-yajñādhyayanair ity ādinā gatārthaḥ ślokaḥ parama-durlabhatva-khyāpanāyābhyastaḥ ||53||

baladevaḥ : sudurlabhatām āha nāham iti | evaṃvidho devakī-sūnuś caturbhujas tvat-sakho 'haṃ vedādibhir api sādhanaiḥ kenāpi puṃsā bhakti-śūnyena draṣṭuṃ na śakyo yathā tvaṃ māṃ dṛṣṭavān asi ||53||

BhG 11.54

śrīdharaḥ : tarhi kenopāyena tvaṃ draṣṭuṃ śakya iti | tatrāha bhaktyā tv iti | ananyayā mad-eka-niṣṭhayā bhaktyā tv evambhūto viśvarūpo 'haṃ tattvena paramārthato jñātuṃ śakyaḥ śāstrataḥ draṣṭuṃ pratyakṣataḥ praveṣṭuṃ ca tādātmyena śakyaḥ | nānyair upāyaiḥ ||54||

madhusūdanaḥ : yadi veda-tapo-dānejyābhir draṣṭum aśakyas tvaṃ tarhi kenopāyena draṣṭuṃ śakyo 'sīty ata āha bhaktyeti | sādhanānantara-vyāvṛttya-arthas tu-śabdaḥ | bhaktyaivānanyayā mad-eka-niṣṭhayā niratiśaya-prītyaivaṃvidho divya-rūpa-dharo 'haṃ jñātuṃ śakyo 'nanyayā bhaktyā kintu tattvena draṣṭuṃ ca svarūpeṇa sākṣātkartuṃ ca śakyo vedānta-vākya-śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsana-paripākeṇa | tataś ca svarūpa-sākṣātkārād avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttau tattvena praveṣṭuṃ ca mad-rūpatayaivāsuṃ cāhaṃ śakyaḥ | he parantapa ! ajñāna-śatru-damaneti praveśa-yogyatā sūcayati ||54||

viśvanāthaḥ : tarhi kena sādhanenaivaṃ prāpyata ity ata āha bhaktyā tv iti | śakyo 'ham iti ca | yad vayalopāvārya | yadi nirvāṇa-mokṣecchā bhavet, tadā tattvena brahma-svarūpatvena praveṣṭum apy ananyayā bhaktyaiva śakyo nānyathā | jñānināṃ guṇībhūtāpi bhaktir antima-samaye jñāna-saṃnyāsānāntaram urvaritāllīyasy ananyaiva bhavet tayaiva teṣāṃ sāyujyaṃ bhaved iti tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tad-anantaram ity atra pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ ||54||

baladevaḥ : abhimatāṃ para-bhaktaika-dṛśyatāṃ sphuṭayann āha bhaktyeti | evaṃvidho devakī-sūnuś caturbhujo 'ham ananyayā mad-ekāntayā bhaktyā tu vedādibhis tattvato jñātuṃ śakyaḥ | draṣṭuṃ pratyakṣaṃ kartuṃ tattvataḥ praveṣṭuṃ saṃyoktuṃ ca śakyaḥ | puraṃ praviśatīty atra pura-saṃyoga eva pratīyate | tatra vedo gopālopaniṣat | tapo maj-janmāṣṭamy-ekādaśy-ādy-upoṣaṇam | dānaṃ mad-bhakta-sampradānakaṃ sva-bhogyānām arpaṇam | ijyā man-mūrti-pūjā | śrutiś caivam āha yasya deve parā bhaktiḥ ity ādyā | tu-śabdo 'tra bhinnopakramārthaḥ | na ca sudurdarśam ity ādi-trayaṃ sahasra-śīrṣa-rūpa-param iti vācyam | ity arjunaṃ ity ādi-dvayasya narākṛti-caturbhuja-svarūpa-parasyāvyavahita-pūrvatvāt | tad-dvayena sahasra-śīrṣa-rūpasya vyavadhānāc ca | tatra yasya tad-eka-vākyatāyāṃ nāhaṃ vedaiḥ ity ādeḥ paunarukty-āpatteś ca |

yat tu divya-dṛṣṭi-dānena liṅgena narākārāc caturbhujāt sahasra-śīrṣṇo devākārasyotkarṣam āha tad-avicāritābhidhānam eva devākārasya tasya caturbhuja-narākārādhīnatvāt | tattvaṃ ca tasya yuktam eva yaḥ kāraṇārṇava-jale bhajati sma yoga-nidrām iti smaraṇāt | idaṃ narākṛti-kṛṣṇa-rūpaṃ saccidānandaṃ sarva-vedānta-vedyaṃ vibhuṃ sarvāvatārīti pratyetavyaṃ -

kṛṣṇo vai paramaṃ daivatam [GTU 1.3] | eko vaśī sarvagaḥ kṛṣṇa īḍyaḥ [GTU 1.19] | eko 'pi san bahudhā yo 'vabhāti [GTU 1.19] ity ādi śravaṇāt |

yatrāvatīrṇaṃ kṛṣṇākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma narākṛti | ete cāṃśa-kalāḥ puṃsaḥ kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayaṃ ity ādi smaraṇāc ca |

atrāpi svayam evoktaṃ mattaḥ parataraṃ nānyat iti, aham ādir hi devānāṃ ity ādi ca | arjunena ca - paraṃ brahma paraṃ dhāma ity ādi | tasmād atiprabhāveṇa saṃkrānte sahasra-śīrṣṇi rūpe tena saṃkrāntaiva dṛṣṭir grāhiṇī yuktā, na tv atisaundarya-lāvaṇya-nidhi-narākṛti-kṛṣṇa-rūpānbhāvinī dṛṣṭis tatra grāhiṇīti bhāvena kṛṣṇa-rūpe sahasra-śīrṣatvavad arjuna-cakṣuṣi tādṛg-rūpa-grāhi tejastvam eva saṃkramitam iti mantavyam | na tu yuktyābhāsa-lābhena haitukatvaṃ svīkāryam, na cārjuno 'py anya-manuṣyavac carma-cakṣuṣkaḥ | tasya bhāratādiṣu nara-bhagavad-avatāratvenāsakṛd-ukteḥ | karmodbhūtayā vidyayā sa-niṣṭhaiḥ sahasra-śiraskaṃ rūpaṃ labhyam iti durdarśaṃ tat narākṛti-kṛṣṇa-rūpaṃ tv ananyayā bhaktyaiveti sudurdarśaṃ tad uktam ||54||

BhG 11.55

śrīdharaḥ : ataḥ sarva-śāstra-sāraṃ paramaṃ rahasyaṃ śṛṇv ity āha mat-karma-kṛd iti | mad-arthaṃ karma karotīti mat-karma-kṛt | aham eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho yasya saḥ | mamaiva bhakta āśritaḥ | putrādiṣu saṅga-varjitaḥ | nirvairaś ca sarva-bhūteṣu | evaṃ bhūto yaḥ sa māṃ prāpnoti | nānya iti ||55||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ viśva-rūpa-darśaṃ nāma ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā sarvasya gītā-śāstrasya sāra-bhūto 'rtho niḥśreyasārthinām anuṣṭhānāya puñjīkṛtyocyate mad iti | mad-arthaṃ karma veda-vihitaṃ karotīti mat-karma-kṛt | svargādi-kāmanāyāṃ satyāṃ katham evam iti nety āha mat-paramaḥ | aham eva paramaḥ prāptavyatvena niścito na tu svargādir yasya saḥ | ataeva mat-prāpty-āśayā mad-bhaktaḥ sarvaiḥ prakārair mama bhajana-paraḥ | putrādiṣu snehe sati katham evaṃ syād iti nety āha saṅga-varjitaḥ | bāhya-vastu-spṛhā-śūnyaḥ | śatruṣu dveṣe sati katham evaṃ syād iti nety āha nivairaḥ sarva-bhūteṣu | apakāriṣv api dveṣa-śūnyo yaḥ sa mām ety abhedena | he pāṇḍava ! ayam arthas tvayā jñātum iṣṭo mayopadiṣṭo nātaḥ paraṃ kiṃcit kartavyam astīty arthaḥ ||55||

śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām viśva-rūpa-darśana-nirūpaṇaṃ nāma ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha bhakti-prakaraṇopasaṃhārārthaṃ saptamādhyāyādiṣu ye ye bhaktā uktās teṣāṃ sāmānya-lakṣaṇam āha mat-karma-kṛd iti | saṅga-varjitaḥ saṅga-rahitaḥ ||55||

baladevaḥ : atha sva-prāpti-karīm ananyāṃ bhaktim upadiśann upasaṃharati mad iti | mat-sambandhinī man-mandira-nirmāṇa-tad-vimārjana-mat-puṣpa-bāṭī-tulasī-kānana-saṃskāra-tat-sevanādīni karmādīni karotīti mat-karma-kṛt | mat-paramo mām eva na tu svargādikaṃ sva-pumarthaṃ jānan | mad-bhakto mac-chravaṇādi-nava-vidha-bhakti-rasa-nirataḥ | saṅga-varjito mad-vimukha-saṃsargam asahamānaḥ | sarva-bhūteṣu nirvairaḥ | teṣv api mad-vimukheṣu pratikūleṣu satsu vaira-śūnyaḥ | sva-kleśasya sva-pūrvakarma-nimittakatva-vimarśena teṣu vaira-nimittābhāvāt | evambhūto yo māṃ narākāraṃ kṛṣṇam eti labhate, nānyaḥ ||55||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||11||

Bhagavadgita 12

BhG 12.1

pūrvādhyāyānte mat-karma-kṛn mat-parama [Gītā 11.55] ity evaṃ bhakti-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | kaunteya pratijānīhīty [Gītā 9.31] ādinā ca tatra tatra tasyaiva śreṣṭhatvaṃ nirṇītam | tathā teṣāṃ jñānī nitya-yukta eka-bhaktir viśiṣyata [Gītā 7.17] ity ādinā sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi [Gītā 4.36] ity ādinā ca jñāna-niṣṭhasya śreṣṭhatvam uktam | evam ubhayoḥ śraiṣṭhye 'pi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā śrī-bhagavantaṃ praty arjuna uvāca evam iti | evaṃ sarva-karmārpaṇādinā satata-yuktās tvan-niṣṭhāḥ santo ye bhaktās tvāṃ viśva-rūpaṃ sarvajñaṃ sarva-śaktiṃ paryupāsate dhyāyanti | ye cāpy akṣaraṃ brahmāvyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke 'tiśayena yoga-vido 'tiśreṣṭhā ity arthaḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ - pūrvādhyāyānte -

mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramo mad-bhaktaḥ saṅga-varjitaḥ |

tatra mac-chabdārthe sandehaḥ kiṃ nirākāram eva sarva-svarūpaṃ vastu mad-chabdenoktaṃ bhagavatā kiṃ vā sākāram iti | ubhayatrāpi prayoga-darśanāt |

ity ādau nirākāraṃ vastu vyapadiṣṭam | viśva-rūpa-darśanānantaraṃ ca -

iti sākāraṃ vastu | ubhayoś ca bhagavad-upadeśayor adhikāri-bhedenaiva vyavasthayā bhavitavyam anyathā virodhāt | tatraivaṃ sati mayā mumukṣuṇā kiṃ nirākāram eva vastu cintanīyaṃ kiṃ vā sākāram iti svādhikāra-niścayāya sa-guṇa-nirguṇa-vidyayor viśeṣa-bubhutsayā arjuna uvāca evam iti |

evaṃ mat-karma-kṛd [Gītā 11.55] ity-ādy-anantarokta-prakāreṇa satata-yuktā nairantaryeṇa bhagavat-karmādau sāvadhānatayā pravṛttā bhaktāḥ sākāra-vastv-eka-śaraṇāḥ santas tvām evaṃ-vidhaṃ sākāraṃ ye paryupāsate satataṃ cintayanti | ye cāpi sarvato viraktās tyakta-sarva-karmāṇo 'kṣaraṃ na kṣaraty aśnute vety akṣaram etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam adīrgham [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruti-pratiṣiddha-sarvopādhi nirguṇaṃ brahma | ataevāvyaktaṃ sarva-karaṇāgocaraṃ nirākāraṃ tvāṃ paryupāsate teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye ke yoga-vittamāḥ atiśayena yoga-vidaḥ | yogaṃ samādhiṃ vindanti vidantīti vā yoga-vida ubhaye 'pi | teṣāṃ madhye ke śreṣṭhā yoginaḥ keṣāṃ jñānaṃ mayānusaraṇīyam ity arthaḥ ||1||

bhakti-prakaraṇasyopakrame -

iti bhakteḥ sarvotkarṣo yathā śruteḥ | tathaivopasaṃhāre 'pi tasyā evaṃ sarvotkarṣaṃ śrotu-kāmaḥ pṛcchati | evaṃ satata-yuktā mat-karma-kṛn mat-paramaḥ [Gītā 11.55] iti tvad-ukta-lakṣaṇā bhaktās tvāṃ śyāmasundarākāraṃ ye ca avyaktaṃ nirviśeṣam akṣaraṃ etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadanty asthūlam anaṇv ahrasvam [BAU 3.8.9] ity ādi-śruty-uktaṃ brahma upāsate | teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ yoga-vidāṃ madhye ke 'tiśayena yogavidaś ca tva-prāntau śreṣṭham upāyaṃ jānanti na labhante vā | te yoga-vittarā iti vaktavye yoga-vittamā ity uktir

jīvātmānaṃ yathāvaj jñātvā vijñāya ca tad-aṃśī harir dhyeya iti avināśi tu tad viddhi [Gītā 2.17] ity ādibhir dvitīyādiṣv ekaḥ panthā varṇitaḥ | jīvātmānaṃ harer aṃśaṃ jñātvaiva tad-aṃśī haris tac-chravaṇādi-bhaktibhir dhyeya iti mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādibhiḥ saptamādiṣu dvitīya-panthāḥ pradarśitaḥ | teṣv eva prayāṇa-kāle [Gītā 8.10] ity ādinā yogopasṛṣṭā | jñāna-yajñena cāpy anye [Gītā 9.15] ity anena jñānopasṛṣṭā ca bhaktir uktā | bhakti-ṣaṭkāt prāk ṣaṣṭhānte kevalāṃ bhaktim upadekṣyatā yoginām api sarveṣāṃ [Gītā 6.47] ity ādi-padyena svaikāntinām yuktatamatāṃ cābhihitā | tatrārjunaḥ pṛcchati evam iti | evaṃ mayy āsakta-manāḥ pārtha [Gītā 7.1] ity ādi-tvad-ukta-vidhayā satata-yuktā ye tvāṃ śyāmasundaraṃ kṛṣṇaṃ paritaḥ kāyādi-vyāpārair upāsate, ye cākṣaraṃ jīva-svarūpaṃ cakṣur-ādibhir avyaktaṃ paryupāsate dhāraṇādhyāna-samādhibhiḥ sākṣāt-kartum īhante paramātma-kāmās teṣām ubhayeṣāṃ madhye yoga-vittamāḥ śīghropāyinaḥ ke bhavanti ? ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | svānubhava-pūrvakasya hari-dhyānasya bandha-mūlatvāt tena nirvighnā tat-prāptir ity eke | nīrūpasyātisūkṣmasya jīvātmano durdhyānatvāt kiṃ tad-dhyānena ? kintu hari-bhaktir eva sarva-vighna-vimardinī hari-prāpaṇīty eke | tasyām eva niratās teṣām ubhayeṣām upāyeṣu kaḥ śreyān upāya iti taṃ bhaṇeti ||1||

BhG 12.2

śrīdharaḥ - tatra prathamāḥ śreṣṭhā ity uttaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca mayīti | mayi parameśvare sarvajñādi-guṇa-viśiṣṭe | mana āveśyaikāgraṃ kṛtvā | nitya-yuktā mad-artha-karmānuṣṭhānādinā man-niṣṭhāḥ santaḥ śreṣṭhayā śraddhayā yuktā ye mām ārādhayanti te yuktatamā mamābhimatāḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ -

viśvanāthaḥ --- tatra mad-bhaktāḥ śreṣṭhā ity āha mayi śyāmasundarākāre mama āveśyāviṣṭaṃ kṛtvā nitya-yuktā man-nitya-yoga-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ parayā guṇātītayā śraddhayā | yad uktaṃ -

sāttviky ādhyātmikī śraddhā karma-śraddhā tu rājasī |

te me madīyā ananya-bhaktā yuktatamā yoga-vittamā ity arthaḥ | tenānanya-bhaktebhyo nyūnā anye jñāna-karmādi-miśra-bhaktimanto yoga-vittarā ity artho 'bhivyañjito bhavati | tataś ca jñānād bhaktiḥ śreṣṭhā bhaktāv apy ananya-bhaktiḥ śreṣṭhety upapāditam ||2||

baladevaḥ - evaṃ pṛṣṭho bhagavān uvāca mayīti | ye bhaktā mayi nīlotpala-śyāmalatvādi-dharmiṇi svayaṃ bhagavati devakī-sūnau mana āveśya nirataṃ kṛtvā parayā dṛḍhayā śraddhayopetāḥ santo mām ukta-lakṣaṇam upāsate | śravaṇādi-lakṣaṇām upāsanāṃ mama kurvanti | nitya-yuktā nityaṃ mad-yogam icchantas te mama matena yuktatamā matāḥ | śīghra-mat-prāpakopāyinas te ||2||

BhG 12.3-4

śrīdharaḥ - tarhītare kiṃ na śreṣṭhā iti ? ata āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye tv akṣaram paryupāsate dhyāyanti te 'pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvayor anvayaḥ | akṣarasya lakṣaṇam anirdeśyam ity ādi | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | yato 'vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi | avyaktatvād evācintyam | kūṭasthaṃ kūṭe māyā-prapañce 'dhiṣṭhānatvenāvasthitam | acalaṃ spandana-rahitam | ataeva dhruvaṃ nityaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | spaṣṭam anyat ||3-4||

madhusūdanaḥ - nirguṇa-brahma-vid-apekṣayā saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ ko 'tiśayo yena ta eva yuktatmās tavābhimatā ity apekṣāyāṃ tam atiśayaṃ vaktuṃ tan nirūpakān nirguṇa-brahma-vidaḥ prastauti ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye 'kṣaram mām upāsate te 'pi mām eva prāpnuvantīti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ | pūrvebhyo vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya tu-śabdaḥ | akṣaraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ brahma vācaknavī-brāhmaṇe prasiddhaṃ tasya samarpaṇāya sapta viśeṣaṇāni | anirdeśyaṃ śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyaṃ yato 'vyaktaṃ śabda-pravṛtter nirviśeṣe pravṛtty-ayogāt | kuto jātyādi-rāhityam ata āha sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-vyāpi sarva-kāraṇam | ato jātyādi-śūnyaṃ paricchinnasya kāryasyaiva jātyādi-yoga-darśanāt | ākāśādīnām api kāryatvābhyupagamāc ca | ataevācintyaṃ śabda-vṛtter iva mano-vṛtter api na viṣayaḥ | tasyā api paricchinna-viṣayatvāt | yato vāco nivartante | aprāpya manasā saha iti śruteḥ |

tarhi kathaṃ taṃ tv aupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi iti | dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā iti ca śrutiḥ | śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtraṃ ca | ucyate, avidyā-kalpita-sambandhena śabda-janyāyāṃ buddhi-vṛttau caramāyāṃ paramānanda-bodha-rūpe śuddhe vastuni pratibimbite 'vidyā-tat-kāryayoḥ kalpitayor nivṛtty-upapatter upacāreṇa viṣayatvābhidhānāt | atas tatra kalpitam aivdyā-sambandhaṃ pratipādayitum āha kūṭasthaṃ, yan mithyā-bhūtaṃ satyatayā pratīyate tat-kūṭam iti lokair ucyate | yathā kūṭa-kārṣā-paṇaḥ kūṭa-sākṣitvam ity ādau | ajñānam api māyākhyaṃ saha kārya-prapañcena mithyā-bhūtam api laukikaiḥ satyatayā pratīyamānaṃ kūṭaṃ tasminn ādhyāsikena sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā tiṣṭhatīti kūṭastham ajñāna-tat-kāryādhiṣṭhānam ity arthaḥ | etena sarvānupapatti-parihāraḥ kṛtaḥ | ataeva sarva-vikārāṇām avidyā-kalpitatvāt tad-adhiṣṭhānam sākṣi-caitanyaṃ nirvikāram ity āha acalaṃ calanaṃ vikāraḥ | acalatvād eva dhruvam apariṇāmi nityam | etādṛśaṃ śuddhaṃ brahma māṃ paryupāsate śravaṇena pramāṇa-gatām asambhāvanām apohya mananena ca prameya-gatām anantaraṃ viparīta-bhāvanā-nivṛttaye dhyāyanti vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-tiraskāreṇa taila-dhārāvad avicchinna-samāna-pratyaya-pravāheṇa nididhyāsana-saṃjñakena

kathaṃ punar viṣayendriya-saṃyoge sati vijātīya-pratyaya-tiraskāro 'ta āha saṃniyamya sva-viṣayebhya upasaṃhṛtyendriya-grāmaṃ karaṇa-samudāyam | etena śama-damādi-sampattir uktā |

viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanāyāṃ satyāṃ kuta indriyāṇāṃ tato nivṛttis tatrāha sarvatra viṣaye samā tulyā harṣa-viṣādābhyāṃ rāga-dveṣābhyāṃ ca rahitā matir yeṣāṃ samyag-jñānena tat-kāraṇasyājñānasyāpanītatvād viṣayeṣu doṣa-darśanābhyāsena spṛhāyā nirasanāc ca te sarvatra sama-buddhayaḥ | etena vaśīkāra-saṃjñā vairāgyam uktam | ataeva sarvatrātma-dṛṣṭyā hiṃsā-kāraṇa-dveṣa-rahitatvāt sarva-bhūta-hite ratāḥ abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo mattaḥ svahā iti mantreṇa datta-sarva-bhūtābhaya-dakṣiṇāḥ kṛta-saṃnyāsā iti yāvat abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtebhyo dattvā saṃnyāsam ācaret iti smṛteḥ | evaṃvidhāḥ sarva-sādhana-sampannāḥ santaḥ svayaṃ brahma-bhūtā nirvicikitsena sākṣātkāreṇa sarva-sādhana-phala-bhūtena mām akṣaraṃ brahmaiva te prāpnuvanti | pūrvam api mad-rūpā eva santo 'vidyā-nivṛttyā mad-rūpā eva tiṣṭhantīty arthaḥ | brahmaiva san brahmāpy eti, brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati ity-ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | ihāpi ca jñānī tv ātmaiva me matam [Gītā 7.14] ity uktam ||3-4||

viśvanāthaḥ --- madīya-nirviśeṣa-brahma-svarūpopāsakās tu duḥkhitatvāt tato nyūnā ity āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | akṣaraṃ brahma anirdeśya-śabdena vyapadeṣṭum aśakyam | yato 'vyaktaṃ rūpādi-hīnam | sarvatra-gaṃ sarva-deśa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyam | kūṭasthaṃ sarva-kāla-vyāpi | eka-rūpatayā tu yaḥ kāla-vyāpi sa kūṭasthaḥ ity amaraḥ | acalaṃ vṛddhy-ādi-rahitam | dhruvaṃ nityam | mām evety akṣarasya tasya matto bhedābhāvāt ||3-4||

baladevaḥ - ye tu sva-sākṣāt-kṛti-pūrvikāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ na kurvanti, teṣām api mat-prāptiḥ syād eva kintv atikleśenāticireṇaivāntas tebhyo 'pakṛṣṭās ta ity āha ye tv iti tribhiḥ | ye tv akṣara-svātma-caitanyam eva pūrvam upāsate | teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśa iti sambandhaḥ | akṣaraṃ viśinaṣṭi anirdeśyaṃ dehād bhinnatvena dehābhidhāyibhir deva-mānavādi-śabdair nirdeṣṭum aśakyam | avyaktaṃ cakṣur-ādy-agocaraṃ pratyak sarvatra-gaṃ dehendriya-prāṇa-vyāpi | acintyaṃ tarkāgamyaṃ śruti-mātra-vedyam jñāna-svarūpam eva jñātṛ-svarūpam acalaṃ jñānatvād api calana-rahitam | dhruvaṃ paramātmaika-śeṣatāyāṃ sarvadā sthiram | akṣaropāsane vidhim āha saṃniyamyeti | karaṇa-grāmaṃ śrotrādīndriya-vṛndaṃ saṃniyamya śabdādi-saṃcārebhyas tad-vyāpārebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtya sarvatra suhṛn-mitrāry-udāsīnādiṣu sama-buddhayas tulya-dṛṣṭayaḥ | yad vā, sarveṣu cetanācetaneṣu vastuṣu sthite same brahmaṇi buddhir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ hite upakāre ratāḥ sarveṣāṃ śaṃ bhūyād iti yathāyathaṃ yatamānāḥ evaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-pūrvikāyāṃ mad-bhaktau mad-arpita-karma-lakṣaṇāyāṃ

BhG 12.5

śrīdharaḥ - nanu ca te 'pi cet tvām eva prāpnuvanti tarhītareṣāṃ yuktatamatvaṃ kuta ity apekṣāyāṃ kleśākleśa-kṛtaṃ viśeṣam āha kleśa iti tribhiḥ | avyakte nirviśeṣe 'kṣara āsaktaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ teṣāṃ kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | hi yasmād avyakta-viṣayā gatir niṣṭhā dehābhimānibhir duḥkhaṃ yathā bhavaty evam avāpyate | dehābhimānināṃ nityaṃ pratyak-pravaṇatvasya durghaṭatvād iti ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīm etebhyaḥ pūrveṣām atiśayaṃ darśayann āha kleśa iti | pūrveṣām api viṣayebhya āhṛtya saguṇe mana-āveśe satataṃ tat-karma-parāyaṇatve ca para-śraddhopetatve ca kleśo 'dhiko bhavaty eva | kintu avyaktāsakta-cetasāṃ nirguṇa-brahma-cintana-parāṇāṃ teṣāṃ pūrvokta-sādhanavatāṃ kleśa āyāso 'dhikataro 'tiśayenādhikaḥ |

atra svayam eva hetum āha bhagavān -- avyaktā hi gatiḥ | hi yasmād akṣarātmakaṃ gantavyaṃ phala-bhūtaṃ brahma duḥkhaṃ yathā syāt tathā kṛcchreṇa dehavadbhir deha-mānibhir avāpyate | sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtvā gurum upasṛtya vedānta-vākyānāṃ tena tena vicāreṇa tat-tad-bhrama-nirākaraṇe mahān prayāsaḥ | pratyakṣa-siddhas tataḥ kleśo 'dhikataras teṣām ity uktam | yadyapy ekam eva phalaṃ tathāpi ye duṣkareṇopāyena prāpnuvanto bhavanti śreṣṭhā ity abhiprāyaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ --- tarhi kenāṃśena teṣām apakarṣas tatrāha kleśa iti | na kenāpi vyajyata ity avyaktaṃ brahma tatraivāsakta-cetasāṃ tad evānububhūṣūṇāṃ teṣāṃ tat-prāntau kleśo 'dhikataraḥ | hi yasmād avyaktā gatiḥ kenāpi prakāreṇa vyaktībhavatisā gatir dehavadbhir jīvair duḥkhaṃ yathā bhavaty evam avāpyate | tathā hīndriyāṇāṃ śabdādi-jñāna-viśeṣa eva śaktiḥ | na tu viśeṣatara-jñānam iti | ata indriya-nirodhas teṣāṃ nirviśeṣa-jñānam icchatām avaśya-kartavya eva | indriyāṇāṃ nirodhas tu srotasvatīnām iva sroto-nirodho duṣkara eva | yad uktaṃ sanatkumāreṇa -

yat-pāda-paṅkaja-palāśa-vilāsa-bhaktyā karmāśayaṃ grathitam udgrathayanti santaḥ | tadvan na rikta-matayo yatayo |pi ruddha-

kleśo mahān iha bhavārṇavam aplaveśāṃ ṣaḍ-varga-nakram asukhena titīrṣanti | tat tvaṃ harer bhagavato bhajanīyam aṅghriṃ

tāvatā kleśenāpi sā gatir yadyapy avāpyate | tad api bhakti-miśreṇaiva | bhagavati bhaktiṃ vinā kevala-brahmopāsakānāṃ tu kevala-kleśa eva lābho na tu brahma-prāptiḥ | yad uktaṃ brahmaṇā -

teṣām asau kleśala eva śiṣyate nānyad yathā sthūla-tuṣāvaghātinām | [BhP 10.14.4] iti ||5||

baladevaḥ - nanu te 'pi cet tvām eva prāpnuyus tarhi pūrveṣāṃ yuktatamatvaṃ kiṃ nibandhanam ? tatrāha kleśo 'dhiketi | avyaktāsakta-cetasām atisūkṣma-nīrūpa-jīvātma-samādhi-nirata-manasāṃ teṣām adhikataraḥ kleśaḥ | yadyapi pūrveṣām api tat-tan-mad-bhakty-asaṅga-samācāro mad-anya-viṣayebhyaḥ karaṇānāṃ pratyāhāraś ca kleśo 'sty eva, tathāi tatrānanda-mūrter mama sphuraṇān na kleśatayā vibhāti | kuto 'dhikataratvaṃ sudurāpāstam ? hi yasmād avyaktā gatir avyaktākṣara-viṣayā mano-vṛttir dehavadbhir dehābhimānibhir janair duḥkhaṃ yathā syāt tathāvāpyate | dehavantaḥ khalu sthūla-deham eva sucirād ātmatvenānuśīlitavantaḥ katham aṇu-caitanyaṃ sucirojjhita-vimarśam ātmatvenānuśīlituṃ prabhaveyur iti bhāvaḥ |

yat tv atra vyācakṣate | sa-guṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ ceti dvirūpaṃ brahma | tatra saguṇopāsanam ākāravad-viṣayatvāt sukaram apramādaṃ ca | nirguṇopāsanaṃ tu tattvābhāvād duḥkha-karaṃ sa-pramādaṃ ca | tac ca nirguṇaṃ brahmākṣara-śabdenocyate | nairguṇya-pratipattaye sapta viśeṣaṇāni anirdeśyaṃ vedāgocaraṃ, yato 'vyaktaṃ jātyādi-śūnyam | sarvatra-gaṃ vyāpi | acintyaṃ manasāpy agamyam | śrutiś ca - yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha [TaittU 2.4.1] ity ādyā | kūṭasthaṃ mithā-bhūtam api satyavat pratītaṃ jagat kūṭam ucyate | yathā kūtakārṣāpaṇādi | tasminn ādhyāsika-sambandhenādhiṣṭhānatayā sthitam | acaram avikāram ato dhruvaṃ nityam iti | tad-vidāṃ khalu gurūpasatti-pūrvakopaniṣad-vicāra-tad-artha-manana-tan-nididhyāsanair mahān kleśaḥ |

pūrveṣāṃ tu tair vinaiva gurūkta-bhagavat-prasādāvirbhūtenājñāna-tat-kārya-vimardinā vijñānena bhagavat-svarūpa-bhūta-nirguṇākṣarātmaikya-lakṣaṇā muktir iti phalaikye 'pi kleśākleśābhyām apakarṣotkarṣāv iti | tad idaṃ mandaṃ gati-sāmānyāt iti sūtre brahmaṇo dvairūpya-nirāsāt | yathā tad akṣaram adhigamyate iti tasya veda-vedyatva-śravaṇāt | yato vācaḥ ity āde kārtsnyāgocaratvārthatvāt | pravṛtti-nimittābhāvena nirguṇasyāpramāṇatvāt taucchyāc ca lakṣyatvaṃ tu na, sarva-śabda-vācyatva-svīkārāt | sadaikāvasthasya vastunaḥ kūṭasthatvenābhidhānān na ca jagat kūṭam |

kavir manīṣī paribhūḥ svayambhur yāthātathyato 'rthān vyadadhāc chāśvatībhyaḥ samābhyaḥ [Īśopaniṣad 8]

ity ādau tasya satyatva-śravaṇāt | yaśodā-stanandhaya-vibhu-cid-vigrahasya para-brahmatva-śravaṇena tad-anta-stha-nirguṇākṣara-kalpanasya śraddhā-jāḍya-kṛtatvāt ||5||

Verses6-7

śrīdharaḥ - mad-bhaktānāṃ tu mat-prasādād anāyāsenaiva siddhir bhavatīty āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye mayi parameśvare sarvāṇi karmāṇi saṃnyasya samarpya mat-parā bhūtvā | māṃ dhyāyantaḥ | ananyena na vidyate 'nyo bhajanīyo yasmiṃs tenaiva | ekānta-bhakti-yogenopāsata ity arthaḥ ||6||

teṣām iti | evaṃ mayy āveśitaṃ ceto yais teṣām | mṛtyu-yuktāt saṃsāra-sāgarād ahaṃ samyag uddhartācireṇa bhavāmi ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ - nanu phalaikye kleśālpatvādhikyābhyāsam utkarṣa-nikarṣau syātāṃ, tad eva tu nāsti nirguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ hi phalam avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā nirviśeṣa-paramānanda-bodha-brahma-rūpatā | saguṇa-brahma-vidāṃ tv adhiṣṭhāna-pramāyā abhāvenāvidyā-nivṛtty-abhāvād aiśvarya-viśeṣaḥ kārya-brahma-loka-gatānāṃ phalam | ataḥ phalādhikyārtham āyāsādhikyaṃ na nyūnatām āpādayatīit cet, na suguṇopāsanayā nirasta-sarva-pratibandhānāṃ vinā gurūpadeśaṃ vinā ca śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanādy-āvṛtti-kleśaṃ svayam āvirbhūtena vedānta-vākyeneśvara-prasāda-sahakṛtena tattva-jñānodayād avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛttyā brahma-loka evaiśvarya-bhogānte nirguṇa-brahma-vidyā-phala-parama-kaivalyopapatteḥ | sa etasmāj jīva-ghanāt parātparaṃ puriśayaṃ puruṣam īkṣate iti śruteḥ sa prāpta-hiraṇyagarbhaiśvaryo bhogānta etasmāj jīva-ghanāt sarva-jīva-samaṣṭi-rūpāt parāc chreṣṭhād dhiraṇyagarbhāt paraṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ ca puriśayaṃ sva-hṛdaya-guhā-niviṣṭaṃ puruṣaṃ pūrṇaṃ pratyag-abhinnam advitīyaṃ paramātmānam īkṣate svayam āvirbhūtena vedānta-pramāṇena sākṣātkaroti, tāvatā ca mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | tathā ca vināpi prāg-ukta-kleśena saguṇa-brahma-vidām īśvara-prasādena nirguṇa-brahma-vidyā-phala-prāptir itīmam artham āha ye tv iti dvyābhyām |

tu-śabda uktāśaṅkā-nivṛtty-arthaḥ | ye sarvāṇi karmāṇi mayi saṃnyasya saguṇe vāsudeve samarpya mat-parā ahaṃ bhagavān vāsudeva eva paraḥ prakṛṣṭaḥ prīti-viṣayo yeṣāṃ te tathā santo 'nanyenaiva yogena na vidyate māṃ bhagavantaṃ muktvānyad-ālambanaṃ yasya tādṛśenaiva yogena samādhinaikānta-bhakti-yogāpara-nāmnā māṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ sakala-saundarya-sāra-nidhānam ānanda-ghana-vigrahaṃ dvibhujaṃ caturbhujaṃ vā samasta-jana-mano-mohinīṃ muralīm antimanoharaiḥ saptabhiḥ svarair āpūrayantaṃ vā dara-kamala-kaumodakī-rathāṅga-saṅgi-pāṇi-pallavaṃ vā narasiṃha-rāghavādi-rūpaṃ vā yathā-darśita-viśva-rūpaṃ vā dhyāyanta upāsate samānākāram avicchinnaṃ citta-vṛtti-pravāhaṃ saṃtanvate samīpa-vartitayā 'sate tisṭhanti vā tesāṃ mayy āveśita-cetasāṃ mayi yathokta āveśitam ekāgratayā praveśitaṃ ceto yais teṣām ahaṃ satatopāsito bhagavān mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarām mṛtyu-yukto yaḥ saṃsāro mithyā-jñāna-tat-kārya-prapañcaḥ sa eva sāgarā iva duruttaras tasmāt samuddhartā samyag anāyasenordhve sarva-bādhāv adhibhūte śuddhe brahmaṇi dhartā dhārayitā jñānāvaṣṭambha-dānena bhavāmi na cirāt kṣipram eva tasminn eva janmani | he pārtheti sambodhanam āśvāsārtham ||6-7||

viśvanāthaḥ --- bhaktānāṃ tu jñānaṃ vinaiva kevalayā bhaktyaiva sukhena saṃsārān muktir ity āha ye tv iti | mayi yat prānty arthaṃ saṃnyasya tyaktvā saṃnyāsa-śabdasya tyāgārthatvāt | ananyenaiva jñāna-karma-tapasyādi-rahitenaiva yogena bhakti-yogena yad uktaṃ yat karmabhir yat tapasā jñāna-vairāgyataś ca yat [BhP 11.20.32] ity anantaram |

sarvaṃ mad-bhakti-yogena mad-bhakto labhate 'ñjasā |

nanu tad api teṣāṃ saṃsāra-taraṇe kaḥ prakāra iti cet ? satyaṃ | teṣāṃ saṃsāra-taraṇa-prakāre jijñāsā naiva jñāyate | yatas tat-prakāraṃ vinaivāham eva tāṃs tārayiṣyāmīty āha teṣām iti | tena bhagavato bhakteṣv eva vātsalyaṃ na tu jñāniṣv iti dhvaniḥ ||6-7||

baladevaḥ - tathātma-yāthātmyaṃ śrutvaivātmāṃśino mama kevalāṃ bhaktiṃ ye kurvanti, na tv ātma-sākṣātkṛtaye prayatante, teṣāṃ tu kevalayā mad-bhaktyaiva mat-prāptir acireṇaiva syād ity āha ye tv iti dvābhyām | ye mad-ekāntino mayi mat-prāpty-arthaṃ sarvāṇi sva-vihitāny api karmāṇi saṃnyasya bhakti-vikṣepakatva-buddhyā parityajya mat-parā mad-eka-puruṣārthāḥ santo 'nanyena kevalena mac-chravaṇādi-lakṣaṇena yogenopāyena māṃ kṛṣṇam upāsate | tal-lakṣaṇāṃ mad-upāsanāṃ kurvanti dhyāyantaḥ śravaṇādi-kāle 'pi man-niviṣṭa-manasaḥ | teṣāṃ mayy āveśita-cetasāṃ mad-ekānurakta-manasāṃ bhaktānām aham eva mṛtyu-yuktāt saṃsārāt sāgaravad dustarāt samuddhartā bhavāmi | na cirāt tvarayā tat-prāpti-vilambāsahamānas tān ahaṃ garuḍa-skandham āropya sva-dhāma prāpayāmīty arcir-ādi-nirapekṣā teṣāṃ mad-dhāma-prāptiḥ -

nayāmi paramaṃ sthānam arcir ādi-gatiṃ vinā | garuḍa-skandham āropya yatheccham anivāritaḥ || iti vārāha-vacanāt |

karmādi-nirapekṣāpi bhaktir abhīṣṭa-sādhikā-

yā vai sādhana-sampattiḥ puruṣārtha-catuṣṭaye | tayā vinā tad āpnoti naro nārāyaṇāśrayaḥ || iti nārāyaṇīyāt |

sarva-dharmojjhitā viṣṇor nāma-mātraika-jalpakāḥ | sukhena yāṃ gatiṃ yānti na tāṃ sarve 'pi dhārmikāḥ || iti pādmāc ca ||6-7||

BhG 12.8

śrīdharaḥ - yasmād evaṃ tasmāt mayy eveti | mayy eva saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakaṃ mana ādhatsva sthirīkuru | buddhim api vyavasāyātmikāṃ mayy eva niveśaya | evaṃ kurvan mat-prasādena labdha-jñānaḥ san ata ata ūrdhvaṃ dehānte mayy eva nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi | yad ātmanā vāsaṃ kariṣyasi | nātra saṃśayaḥ | yathā ca śrutiḥ dehānte devaḥ paraṃ brahmā tārakaṃ vyacaṣṭe iti ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evam iyatā prabandhena saguṇopāsanāṃ stutvedānīṃ vidhatte mayy eveti | mayy eva saguṇe brahmaṇi manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakam ādhatsva sthāpaya sarvā manovṛttīr mad-viṣayā eva kuru | eva-kārānuṣaṅgena mayy eva buddhim adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇāṃ niveśaya | sarvā buddhi-vṛttīr mad-viṣayā eva kuru, viṣayāntara-parityāgena sarvadā māṃ cintayety arthaḥ | tataḥ kiṃ syād ity ata āha nivasiṣyasi nivatsyasi labdha-jñānaḥ san mad-ātmanā mayy eva śuddha ata ūrdhvam etad-dehānte na saṃśayo nātra pratibandha-śaṅkā kartavyety arthaḥ | eva ata ūrdhvam ity atra sandhy-abhāvaḥ śloka-pūraṇārthaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ --- yasmān mad-bhaktir eva śreṣṭhā tasmāt tvaṃ bhaktim eva kurv iti tām upadiśati mayy eveti tribhiḥ | eva-kāreṇa nirviśeṣa-vyāvṛttiḥ | mayi śyāmasundare pītāmbare vanamālini mana ādhatsva mat-smaraṇaṃ kurv ity arthaḥ | tathā buddhiṃ vivekavatīṃ niveśaya man-mananaṃ kurv ity arthaḥ | tac ca mananaṃ dhyāna-pratipādaka-śāstra-vākyānuśīlanam | tataś ca mayy eva nivasiṣyasīti chāndasam | mat-samīpa eva nivāsaṃ prāpnoṣīty arthaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ -- yasmād evaṃ tasmāt tvaṃ mayy eva na tu svātmani mana ādhatsva samāhitaṃ kuru | buddhiṃ mayi niveśayārpaya | evaṃ kurvāṇas tvaṃ mayy eva mama kṛṣṇasya sannidhāv eva nivatsyasi, na tu sa-niṣṭhavat sargādikam anubhavann aiśvarya-pradhānaṃ māṃ prāpsyasīty arthaḥ ||8||

BhG 12.9

śrīdharaḥ - atrāśaktaṃ prati sugamopāyam āha atheti | sthiraṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ mayi cittaṃ dhārayituṃ yadi śakto na bhavasi tarhi vikṣiptaṃ cittaṃ punaḥ punaḥ pratyāhṛtya mad-anusmaraṇa-lakṣaṇo yo 'bhyāsa-yogas tena māṃ prāptum iccha | prayatnaṃ kuru ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīṃ saguṇa-brahma-dhyānāśaktānām aśakti-tāratāmyena prathamaṃ pratimādau bāhye bhagavad-dhyānābhyāsas tad-aśaktau bhāgavata-dharmānuṣṭhānaṃ tad-aśaktau sarva-karma-phala-tyāga iti trīṇi sādhanāni tribhiḥ ślokair vidhatte atheti | atha pakṣāntare sthiraṃ yathā syāt tathā cittaṃ samādhātuṃ sthāpayituṃ mayi na śaknoṣi cet tata ekasmin pratimādāv ālambane sarvataḥ samāhṛtya cetasaḥ punaḥ punaḥ sthāpanam abhyāsas tat-pūrvako yogaḥ samādhis tenābhyāsa-yogena mām āptum iccha yatasva | he dhanañjaya ! bahūn śatrūn jitvā dhanam āhṛtavān asi rājasūyādy-artham ekaṃ manaḥ-śatruṃ jitvā

viśvanāthaḥ --- sākṣāt smaraṇāsamarthaṃ prati tat-prāpty-upāyam āha atheti | abhyāsa-yogenānyatrānyatra gatam api manaḥ punaḥ pratyāhṛtya mad-rūpa eva sthāpanam abhyāsaḥ | sa eva yogas tena | prākṛtatvād iti kutsita-rūpa-rasādiṣu calantyā manonadyās teṣu calanaṃ nirudhya atisubhadreṣu madīya-rūpa-rasādiṣu tac-calanaṃ śanaiḥ śanaiḥ sampādayety arthaḥ | he dhanañjayeti bahūn śatrūn jitvā dhanam āhṛtavatā tvayā mano 'pi jitvā dhyāna-dhanaṃ grahītuṃ śakyam eveti bhāvaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ - nanu gaṅgeva yeṣāṃ mano-vṛtti-rodhavatī teṣāṃ tvat-prāptis tvarayā syān mama tu tādṛśī na tad-vṛttis tataḥ kathaṃ seti cet tatrāha atheti | sthiraṃ yathā syāt tathā mayi cittaṃ samyag anāyāsenādhātum arpayituṃ na śaknoṣi cet tato 'bhyāsa-yogena mām āptum iccha yatasva | tato 'nyatra gatasya manasaḥ pratyāhṛtya śanaiḥ śanair mayi sthāpanam abhyāsas tena manasi mat-pravaṇe sati mat-prāptiḥ sulabhā syād iti bhāvaḥ ||9||

BhG 12.10

śrīdharaḥ - yadi punar naivaṃ tatrāha abhyāsa iti | yadi punar abhyāse 'py aśakto 'si tarhi mat-prīty-arthāni yāni karmāṇi ekādaśy-upavāsa-vrata-caryā-pūjā-nāma-saṅkīrtanādīni tad-anuṣṭhānam eva paramaṃ yasya tādṛśo bhava | evaṃ-bhūtāni karmāṇy api mad-arthaṃ kurvan mokṣaṃ prāpsyasi ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ - mat-prīṇanārthaṃ karma mat-karma śravaṇa-kīrtanādi-bhāgavata-dharmas tat-paramas tad-eka-niṣṭho bhava | abhyāsāsamarthye mad-arthaṃ bhāgavata-dharma-saṃjñakāni karmāṇy api kurvan siddhiṃ brahma-bhāva-lakṣaṇāṃ sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇāvāpsyasi ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ --- abhyāse 'pīti yathā pitta-dūṣitā rasanā matsyaṇḍikāṃ necchati | tathaivāvidyā-dūṣitaṃ manas tad-rūpādikaṃ madhuram api na gṛhṇātīty atas tena durgraheṇa mahā-prabalena manasā saha yoddhuṃ mayā naiva śakyata iti manyase ced iti bhāvaḥ | mat-karmāṇi paramāṇi yasya saḥ | karmāṇi madīya-śravaṇa-kīrtana-vandanārcana-man-mandira-mārjanābhyukṣaṇa-puṣpāharaṇādi-paricaraṇādi kurvan vināpi mat-smaraṇaṃ siddhiṃ premavat-pārṣadatva-lakṣaṇāṃ prāpsyatīti ||10||

baladevaḥ - nanu vāyor iva manaso 'ticāpalyāt tasya pratyāhāre mama na śaktir iti cet tatrāha abhyāse 'pīti | ukta-lakṣaṇe 'bhyāse 'pi cet tvam asamarthas tarhi mat-karmāṇi paramāṇi pumartha-bhūtāni yasya tādṛśo bhava | tāni ca man-niketa-nirmāṇa-mat-puṣpa-bāṭī-secanādīni pūrvam uktāni | evaṃ sukarāṇi mad-arthāni karmāṇi kurvāṇas tvaṃ tatra tarāti-manojña-man-mūrty-uddeśa-mahimnā tādṛśe mayi nirata-manāḥ saṃsiddhiṃ mat-sāmīpya-lakṣaṇām avāpsyasīty atisugamo 'yam upāyaḥ ||10||

BhG 12.11

śrīdharaḥ - atyantaṃ bhagavad-dharma-pariniṣṭhāyām aśaktasya pakṣāntaram āha atheti | yady etad api kartuṃ na śaknoṣi tarhi mad-ayogaṃ mad-eka-śaraṇatvam āśritaḥ san sarveṣāṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthānām āvaśyakānāṃ cāgnihotrādi-karmaṇāṃ phalāni niyata-cittaṃ bhūs tvā parityaja | etad uktaṃ bhavati mayā tāvad īśvarājñayā yathā-śakti karmāṇi kartavyāni | phalaṃ tāvad dṛṣṭam adṛṣṭaṃ vā parameśvarādhīnam ity evaṃ mayi bhāram āropya phalāsaktiṃ parityajya vartamāno mat-prasādena kṛtārtho bhaviṣyasīti ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ --- etad api kartum aśaktaś cet tarhi mad-yogam āśrito mayi sarva-karma-samarpaṇam | mad-yogas tam āśritaḥ san sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ prathama-ṣaṭkoktaṃ kuru | ayam arthaḥ -- prathama-ṣaṭke bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karma-yoga eva mokṣopāya uktaḥ | dvitīya-ṣaṭke 'smin bhakti-yoga eva bhagavat-prāpty-upāya uktaḥ | sa ca bhakti-yogo dvividhaḥ - bhagavan-niṣṭho 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-vyāpāro, bahiṣkaraṇa-vyāpāraś ca | tatra prathamas trividhaḥ - smaraṇātmako, mananātmakaś cākhaṇḍa-smaraṇāsāmarthye tad-anurāgināṃ tad-abhyāsa-rūpaṃ ceti trika evāyaṃ manda-dhiyāṃ durgamaḥ | sudhiyāṃ niraparādhānāṃ tu sugama eva | dvitīyaḥ śravaṇa-kīrtanātmakaṃ tu sarveṣāṃ sugama evopāyaḥ | evam ubhayopāya-vanto 'dhikāriṇaḥ sarvataḥ prakṛṣṭā dvitīya-ṣaṭke 'sminn uktāḥ | etat-kṛtya-samarthā indriyāṇāṃ bhagavan-niṣṭhīkṛtāv aśraddhālavaś ca bhagavad-arpita-niṣkāma-karmiṇaḥ prathama-ṣaṭkotādhikāriṇo 'smān nikṛṣṭā eveti ||11||

baladevaḥ - atha mahākulīnatva-loka-mukhyatvādinā pratibandhena bādhitas tvam anyo vai tan-man-niketa-vimārjanādi-mat-prītikara-mati-sukaram api karma cet kartum aśakto 'si tato mad-yogaṃ mac-charaṇatām āśritaḥ san sarveṣām anuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgaṃ kuru yatātmavān vijita-manā bhūtvā, tathā ca phalābhisandhi-śūnyair agnihotra-darśa-paurṇamāsy-ādibhir mad-ārādhana-rūpaiḥ karmabhir viṣa-tantuvad-antar-abhyuditena jñānena sva-parātmanoḥ śeṣa-śeṣi-bhāve 'bhyudite sva-śeṣiṇi sarvottamatvena vidite śanaiḥ śanaiḥ parāpi bhaktiḥ syād iti | evam eva vakṣyati yataḥ pravṛttir bhūtānāṃ ity ādinā

BhG 12.12

śrīdharaḥ - tam imaṃ phala-tyāgaṃ stauti śreya iti | samyag-jñāna-rahitād abhyāsāt yukti-sahitopadeśa-pūrvakaṃ jñānaṃ śreṣṭham | tasmād api tat-pūrvaṃ dhyānaṃ viśiṣṭam | tatas tu taṃ paśyati niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamāna iti śruteḥ | tasmād apy ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ karma-phala-tyāgaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ | tasmād evaṃbhūtāt karma-phala-tyāgāt karmasu tat-phaleṣu cāsakti-nivṛttyā mat-prasādena ca samanantaram eva saṃsāra-śāntir bhavati ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ - idānīm atraiva sādhana-vidhāna-prayavasānād imaṃ sarva-phala-tyāgaṃ stauti śreya iti | śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ hi eva jñānaṃ śabda-yuktibhyām ātma-niścayo 'bhyāsā jñānārtha-śravaṇābhyāsāt | jñānāc chravaṇa-manana-pariniṣpannād api dhyānaṃ nididhyāsana-saṃjñaṃ viśiṣyate 'tiśayitaṃ bhavati sākṣātkārāvyavahita-hetutvāt | tad evaṃ sarva-sādhana-śreṣṭhaṃ dhyānaṃ tato 'py atiśayitatvenājña-kṛtaḥ karma-phala-tyāgaḥ stūyate |

dhyānāt karma-phala-tyāgo viśiṣyata ity anuṣajyate | tyāgān niyata-cittena puṃsā kṛtāt sarva-karma-phala-tyāgāc chāntir upaśamaḥ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasyānantaram apy avadhānena na tu kālāntaram apekṣate | atra -

ity ādi śrutiṣu prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān ity ādi-sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇeṣu ca sarva-kāma-tyāgasyāmṛtatva-sādhanatvam avagatam | karma-phalāni ca kāmās tat-tyāgo 'pi kāma-tyāgatva-sāmānyāt sarva-kāma-tyāga-phalena stūyate | yathāgastyena brāhmaṇena samudraḥ pīta iti, yathā vā jāmadagnyena brāhmaṇena niḥkṣatrā pṛthivī kṛteti bāhmaṇatva-sāmānyād idānīntanā api brāhmaṇā aparimeya-parākramatvena stūyante tadvat ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ --- athoktānāṃ smaraṇa-mananābhyāsānāṃ yathā-pūrvaṃ śraiṣṭhyaṃ spaṣṭīkṛyāha śreyo hīti | abhyāsāj jñānaṃ mayi buddhiṃ niveśayety uktaṃ man-mananaṃ śreyaḥ śreṣṭham | abhyāse saty āyāsata eva dhyānaṃ syāt | manane sati tv anāyāsata eva dhyānam iti viśeṣāt tasmāt jñānād api dhyānaṃ viśiṣyate śreṣṭham ity arthaḥ | kuta ity ata āha - dhyānāt karma-phalānāṃ svargādi-sukhānāṃ niṣkāma-karma-phalasya mokṣasya ca tyāgas tat-spṛhā-rāhityaṃ syāt | svataḥ prāptasyāpi tasyopekṣā | niścala-dhyānāt pūrvaṃ tu bhaktānām ajāta-ratīnāṃ mokṣa-tyāgecchaiva bhavet | niścala-dhyānavatāṃ tu mokṣopekṣā | saiva mokṣa-laghutā-kāriṇī | yad uktaṃ bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhau - kleśa-ghnī śubhadā [BRS 1.1.7] ity atra ṣaḍbhiḥ padair etan-māhātmyaṃ kīrtitam iti | yad uktaṃ -

na pārameṣṭhyaṃ na mahendra-dhiṣṇyaṃ na sārvabhaumaṃ na rasādhipatyam | na yoga-siddhīr apunar-bhavaṃ vā

mayy arpitātmā mad-dhyāna-niṣṭhaḥ | tyāgād vaitṛṣṇyād anantaram eva śāntir mad-rūpa-guṇādikaṃ vinā sarva-viṣayeṣv evendriyāṇām uparatiḥ | atra pūrvārdhe śreyaḥ iti viśiṣyate iti pada-dvayenānvayād uttarārdhe tu anantaram ity anenaivānvayād eṣaiva vyākhyā samyag upapadyate nānyety avadheyam ||12||

baladevaḥ - sukaratvād apramādatvāj jñāna-garbhatvāc cānibhisaṃhitaṃ phalaṃ karma-yogaṃ stauti śreyo hīti | abhyāsān mat-smṛti-sātatya-rūpād aniṣpannāj jñānaṃ svātma-sākṣātkṛti-rūpaṃ śreyaḥ praśastataram | paramātmopalabdhi-dvāratvāt jñānāc ca tasmād aniṣpannāt sādhana-bhūtaṃ dhyānaṃ svātma-cintana-lakṣaṇaṃ viśiṣyate sva-hitatve śreyo bhavati | dhyānāc ca tasmād aniṣpannāt karma-phala-tyāgād anantaraṃ śāntis tyakta-phalād anuṣṭhitā karmaṇo 'nantaraṃ manaḥ-śuddhir ity arthaḥ | tathā ca śuddhe manasi dhyānaṃ niṣpadyate | niṣpanne dhyāne sva-sākṣātkṛti-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ | jñāne niṣpanne tat-phala-bhūtaṃ paramātma-jñānam | tena parā bhaktis tayiśvarya-pradhānasya mama prāptir iti durgamo 'yam upāya iti bhāvaḥ | na cāyam arjunaṃ praty upadeśas tasyaikāntitvāt | san-niṣṭhā niṣkāma-karma-ratā hari-dhyāyinaś ca svātmānam anubhūya tato 'bhyuditayā hari-viṣayakatyā pāramaiśvarya-guṇayā parayā bhaktyā hariṃ premāspadam anubhavanto vimucyanta iti gītā-śāstrārtha-paddhatiḥ | kintv ekāntitvāsaktaṃ pratīti-bodhyam ||12||

BhG 12.13-14

śrīdharaḥ - evaṃ-bhūtasya bhaktasya kṣipram eva parameśvara-prasāda-hetūn dharmān āha adveṣṭety aṣṭabhiḥ | sarva-bhūtānāṃ yathāyatham adveṣṭā maitraḥ karuṇaś ca | uttameṣu dveṣa-śūnyaḥ | sameṣu mitratayā vartata iti maitraḥ | hīneṣu kṛpālur ity arthaḥ | nirmamo nirahaṃkāraś ca kṛpālutvād eva anyaiḥ saha same duḥkha-sukhe yasya saḥ | kṣamī kṣamāśīlaḥ ||13||

saṃtuṣṭa iti | satataṃ lābhe 'lābhe ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ suprasanna-cittaḥ | yogī apramattaḥ yatātmā saṃyata-svabhāvaḥ | dṛḍho mad-viṣayo yasya | mayy arpite mano-buddhī yena | evaṃbhūto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ - tad evaṃ mandam adhikāriṇaṃ pratyatiduṣkaratvenākṣaropāsana-nindayā sukaraṃ saguṇopāsanaṃ vidhāyāśakti-tāratamyānuvādenānyāny api sādhanāni vidadhau bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma sarva-pratibandha-rahitaḥ sann uttamādhikāritayā phala-bhūtāyām akṣara-vidyāyām avatared ity abhiprāyeṇa sādhana-vidhānasya phalārthatvāt | tad uktam -

vaśīkṛte manasy eṣāṃ saguṇa-brahma-śīlanāt | tad evāvirbhavet sākṣād apetopādhi-kalpanam || iti |

bhagavatā patañjalinā coktaṃ samādhi-siddhir īśvara-praṇidhānāt iti | tataḥ pratyak-cetanādhigamo 'py antarāyābhāvaś ca iti ca | tata itīśvara-praṇidhānād ity arthaḥ | tad evam akṣaropāsana-nindā saguṇopāsana-stutaye na tu heyatayā, udita-homa-vidhāvanudita-homa-nindāvat | na hi nindā nindyaṃ nindituṃ pravartate 'pi tu vidheyaṃ stotum iti nyāyāt | tasmād akṣaropāsakā eva paramārthato yoga-vittamāḥ |

ity ādinā punaḥ punaḥ praśastatamatayoktās teṣām eva jñānaṃ dharma-jātaṃ cānusaraṇīyam adhikāram āsādya tvayety arjunaṃ bubodhayiṣuḥ parama-hitaiṣī bhagavān abheda-darśinaḥ kṛta-kṛtyānakṣaropāsakān prastauti adveṣṭeti saptabhiḥ |

sarvāṇi bhūtāny ātmatvena paśyann ātmano duḥkha-hetāv api pratikūla-buddhy-abhāvān na dveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ kintu maitrī snigdhatā tadvān | yataḥ karuṇaḥ karuṇā duḥkhiteṣu dayā tadvān sarva-bhūtābhaya-dātā paramahaṃsa-parivrājaka ity arthaḥ | nirmamo dehe 'pi mameti pratyaya-rahitaḥ | nirahaṅkāro vṛtta-svādhyāyādi-kṛtāhaṅkārān niṣkrāntaḥ | dveṣa-rāgayor apravartakatvena same duḥkha-sukhe yasya saḥ | ataeva kṣamī ākrośana-tāḍanādināpi na vikriyām āpadyate ||13||

tasyaiva viśeṣaṇāntarāṇi santuṣṭa iti | satataṃ śarīra-sthiti-kāraṇasya lābhe 'lābhe ca saṃtuṣṭaḥ utpannālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | tathā guṇaval-lābhe viparyaye ca | satatam iti sarvatra sambadhyate | yogī samāhita-cittaḥ | yatātmā saṃyata-śarīrendriyādi-saṃghātaḥ | dṛḍhaḥ kutārkikair abhibhavitum aśakyatayā sthiro niścayo 'ham asmy akaartra-bhloktṛ-saccidānandādvitīyaṃ brahmety adhyavasāyo yasya sa dṛḍha-niścayaḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ | mayi bhagavati vāsudeve śuddhe brahmaṇi arpita-mano-buddhiḥ samarpitāntaḥ-karaṇaḥ | īdṛśo yo mad-bhaktaḥ śuddhākṣara-brahmavit sa me priyaḥ, mad-ātmatvāt ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ --- etādṛśyāḥ śāntyā bhaktaḥ kīdṛśo bhavatīty apekṣāyāṃ bahuvidha-bhaktānāṃ svabhāva-bhedān āha adveṣṭety aṣṭabhiḥ | adveṣṭā dviṣatsv api dveṣaṃ na karoti pratyuta mitro mitratayā vartate | karuṇa eṣām asad-gatir mā bhavatv iti buddhyā teṣu kṛpāluḥ | nanu kīdṛśena vivekena dviṣatsv api maitrī-kāruṇye syātām | tatra vivekaṃ vinaivety āha nirmamo nirahaṃkāra iti putra-kalatrādiṣu mamatvābhāvād dehe cāhaṅkārābhāvāt tasya mad-bhaktasya kvāpi dveṣa eva naiva phalati | kutaḥ punar dveṣa-janita-duḥkha-śānty-arthaṃ tena vivekaḥ svīkartavya iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu tad apy anya-kṛta-pāduka-muṣṭi-prahārādibhir deha-vyathādīnaṃ duḥkhaṃ kiṃcid bhavaty eva ? tatrāha sama-duḥkha-sukham | yad uktaṃ bhagavatā candrārdha-śekhareṇa -

nārāyaṇa-parāḥ sarve na kutaścana bibhyati |

sukha-duḥkhayoḥ sāmyaṃ sama-darśitvam | tac ca mama prārabdha-phalam idam avśya-bhogyam iti bhāvanā-mayam | sāmye 'pi sahiṣṇuvaiva duḥkhaṃ sahyata ity āha kṣamī kṣamavān | kṣam sahane dhātuḥ |

nanv etādṛśasya bhaktasya jīvikā kathaṃ sidhyet ? tatrāha santuṣṭaḥ | yadṛcchopasthite kiṃcid yatnopasthite vā bhakṣya-vastuni santuṣṭaḥ |

nanu sama-duḥkha-sukham ity uktam | tat kathaṃ svabhakṣam ālakṣya santuṣṭa iti tatrāha satataṃ yogī bhakti-yoga-yukto bhakti-siddhārtham iti bhāvaḥ | yad uktaṃ-

āhārārthaṃ yatataiva yuktaṃ tat-prāṇa-dhāraṇam | tattvaṃ vimṛśyate tena tad vijñāya paraṃ vrajet || iti |

kiṃ ca deivād aprāpta-bhaikṣyo 'pi yatātmā saṃyata-cittaḥ kṣobha-rahita ity arthaḥ | daivāc citta-kṣobhe saty api tad-upaśamārtham aṣṭāṅga-yogābhyāsādikaṃ naiva karotīty āha dṛḍha-niścayo 'nanya-bhaktir eva me kartavyeti niścayas tasya na śithilībhavatīty arthaḥ | sarvatra hetuḥ mayy arpita-mano-buddhir mat-smaraṇa-manana-parāyaṇa ity arthaḥ | īdṛśo bhaktas tu me priyo mām atiprīṇayatīty arthaḥ ||13-14||

baladevaḥ - evam ekānti-bhaktān pariniṣṭhitādīn anekānti-bhaktān saniṣṭhāṃś ca tat-tat-sādhana-bhedair upavarṇya teṣāṃ sarvoparañjakān guṇān vidadhāti adveṣṭeti saptabhiḥ | sarva-bhūtānām adveṣṭā dveṣaṃ kurvatsv api teṣu mat-prārabhdānuguṇa-pareśa-preritāny amūni mahyaṃ dviṣantīti dveṣa-śūnyaḥ | pareśādhiṣṭhānāny amūnīti teṣu maitraḥ snigdhaḥ | kenacin nimittena khinneṣu mābhūd eṣāṃ kheda iti karuṇaḥ | dehādiṣu nirmamaḥ prakṛter amī vikārā na mameti teṣu mamatā-śūnyaḥ | nirahaṅkāras teṣv ātmābhimāna-rahitaḥ | sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ sukhe sati harṣeṇa duḥkhe sati udvegena cāvyākulaḥ | yataḥ kṣamī tat-tat-sahiṣṇuḥ | satataṃ santuṣṭo lābhe 'lābhe ca prasanna-cittaḥ | yato yogī gurūpadiṣṭopāya-niṣṭhaḥ | yatātmā vijitendriya-vargaḥ | dṛḍha-niścayo dṛḍhaḥ kutarkair abhibhavitum aśakyatayā sthiro niścayo hareḥ kiṅkaro 'smīti adhyavasāyo yasya saḥ | ato mayy arpita-mano-buddhiḥ | evaṃ-bhūto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ prīti-kartā ||13-14||

BhG 12.15

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca yasmād iti | yasmāt sakāśāl loko jano nodvijate bhaya-śaṅkayā saṃkṣobhaṃ na prāpnoti | yaś ca lokān nodvijate | yaś ca svābhāvikair harṣādibhir yuktaḥ | tatra harṣaḥ svasyeṣṭa-lābha utsāhaḥ | amarṣaḥ parasya lābhe 'sahanam | bhayaṃ trāsaḥ | udvego bhayādi-nimittaś citta-kṣobhaḥ | etair vimukto yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa ca me priyaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ - punas tasyaiva viśeṣaṇāni yasmād iti | yasmāt sarva-bhūtābhaya-dāyinaḥ saṃnyāsino hetor nodvijate na santapyate loko yaḥ kaścid api janaḥ | tathā lokān niraparādhodvejanaika-vratāt khala-janān nodvijate ca yaḥ | advaita-darśitvāt parama-kāruṇikatvena kṣamā-śīlatvāc ca | kiṃ ca harṣaḥ svasya priya-lābhe romāñcāśru-pātādi-hetur ānandābhivyañjakaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | amarṣaḥ parotkarṣāsahana-rūpaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | bhayaṃ vyāghrādi-darśanādhīnaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣas trāsaḥ | udvega ekākī kathaṃ vijane sarva-parigraha-śūnyo jīviṣyāmīty evaṃvidho vyākulatā-rūpaś citta-vṛtti-viśeṣas tair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukto yaḥ | advaita-darśitayā tad-ayogyatvena tair eva svayaṃ parityakto na tu teṣāṃ tyāgāya svayaṃ vyāpṛta iti yāvat | tena mad-bhakta ity anukṛṣyate | īdṛśo mad-bhakto yaḥ sa me priya iti pūrvavat ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ --- kiṃ ca yasyāsti bhaktir bhagavaty akiṃcanā sarvair guṇais tatra samāsate surāḥ [BhP 5.18.12] ity-ādy-ukter mat-prīti-janakā anye 'pi guṇā mad-bhaktyā muhur abhyastayā svata evotpadyante, tān api tvaṃ śṛṇv ity āha | yasmād iti pañcabhiḥ | harṣādibhIḥ prākṛtair harṣāmarṣa-bhayodvegair mukta ity ādinoktān api kāṃścid guṇān durlabhatva-jñāpanārthaṃ punar āha yo na hṛṣyatīti ||15||

baladevaḥ - yasmāl lokaḥ ko 'pi jano nodvijate bhaya-śaṅkayā kṣobhaṃ na labhate | yaḥ kāruṇikatvāj janodvejakaṃ karma na karoti | lokāc ca yo nodvijate sarvāvirodhitva-viniścayād yad-udvejakaṃ karma loko na karoti | yaś ca harṣādibhiḥ kartṛbhir mukto, na tu teṣāṃ mocane svayaṃ vyāpārī | atigambhīrātma-rati-nimagnatvāt tat-sparśenāpi rahita ity arthaḥ | tatra sva-bhogyāgamotsāho harṣaḥ, para-bhogyāgamāsahanam amarṣaḥ | duṣṭa-sattva-darśanādhīno vitrāsaḥ bhayam | kathaṃ nirudyamasya mama jīvanam iti vikṣobhas tūdvegaḥ | etāś catasraś citta-vṛttayaḥ ||15||

BhG 12.16

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca anapekṣa iti | anapekṣo yadṛcchayopasthite 'py arthe nispṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyābhyantara-śauca-sampannaḥ | dakṣo 'nalasaḥ | udāsīnaḥ pakṣapāta-rahitaḥ | gata-vyatha ādhi-śūnyaḥ | sarvān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthān ārambhānudyamān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ-bhūtaḥ san yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca anapekṣa iti | nirapekṣaḥ sarveṣu bhogopakaraṇeṣu yadṛcchopanīteṣv api niḥspṛhaḥ | śuci-bāhyābhyantara-śauca-sampannaḥ | dakṣa upasthiteṣu jñātavyeṣu kartavyeṣu ca sadya eva jñātuṃ kartuṃ ca samarthaḥ | udāsīno na kasyacin mitrādeḥ pakṣaṃ bhajate yaḥ | gata-vyathaḥ parais tāḍyamānasyāpi gatā notpannā vyathā pīḍā yasya saḥ | utpannāyām api vyathāyām apakarṛṣv anapakartṛtvaṃ kṣamitvam | vyathā-kāraṇeṣu satsv apy anutpanna-vyathatvaṃ gata-gata-vyathatvam iti bhedaḥ | aihikāmuṣmika-phalāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvārambhās tān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa sarvārambha-parityāgī sannyāsī yo mad-bhaktaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ --- anapekṣo vyavahārika-kāryāpekṣā-rahita udāsīno vyavahārika-lokeṣv anāsaktaḥ | sarvān vyavahārikān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāṃs tathā pāramārthikān api kāṃścit śāstrādhyāpanādīn ārambhān udyamān parihartuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||16||

baladevaḥ - anapekṣaḥ svayam āgate 'pi bhogye nispṛhaḥ | śucir bāhyābhyantara-pāvitryavān | dakṣaḥ sva-śāstrārtha-vimarśa-samarthaḥ | udāsīnaṃu para-pakṣāgrāhī | gata-vyatho 'pakṛto 'py ādhi-śūnyaḥ | sarvārambha-parityāgī sva-bhakti-pratīpākhilodyama-rahitaḥ ||16||

BhG 12.17

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca ya iti | priyaṃ prāpya yo na hṛṣyati | apriyaṃ prāpya yo na dveṣṭi | iṣṭārtha-nāśe sati yo na śocati | aprāptam arthaṃ yo na kāṅkṣati | śubhāśubhe puṇya-pāpe parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evaṃ-bhūto bhūtvā yo mad-bhaktimān sa me priyaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca ya iti | sama-duḥkha-sukha ity etad vivṛṇoti | yo na hṛṣyatīṣṭa-prāptau, na dveṣṭi aniṣṭa-prāptau na śocati prāpteṣṭa-viyoge | na kāṅkṣati aprāpteṣṭa-yoge | sarvārambha-parityāgīty etad vivṛṇoti śubhāśubhe sukha-sādhana-duḥkha-sādhane karmaṇī parityaktuṃ śīlam asyeti śubhāśubha-parityāgī bhaktimān yaḥ sa me priyaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ --- Nothing.

baladevaḥ - yaḥ priyaṃ putra-śiṣyādi prāpya na hṛṣyati | apriyaṃ tat prāpya tatra na dveṣṭi | priye tasmin vinaṣṭe na śocati | aprāptam tan nākāṅkṣati | śubhaṃ puṇyam aśubhaṃ pāpaṃ tad-ubhayaṃ pratibandhakatva-sāmyāt parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ ||17||

BhG 12.18-19

śrīdharaḥ - kiṃ ca sama iti | śatrau ca mitre ca sama eka-rūpaḥ | mānāpamānayor api tathā sama eva | harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya ity arthaḥ | śītoṣṇayoḥ sukha-duḥkhayoś ca samaḥ | saṅga-vivarjitaḥ kvacid apy anāsaktaḥ ||18||

kiṃ ca tulya-nindā-stutir iti | tulyā nindā-stutiś ca yasya saḥ | maunī saṃyata-vāk | yena kenacit yathā-labdhena saṃtuṣṭaḥ | aniketo niyatāvāsa-śūnyaḥ | sthira-matir vyavasthita-cittaḥ | evaṃ-bhūto bhaktimān yaḥ sa naro mama priyaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ - kiṃ ca sama iti | pūrvasyaiva prapañcaḥ | saṅga-vivarjitaś cetanācetana-sarva-viṣaya-śobhanādhyāsa-rahitaḥ | sarvadā harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya ity arthaḥ | spaṣṭam ||18||

kiṃ ca tulya-nindā-stutir iti | nindā doṣa-kathanam | stutir guṇa-kathanam | te duḥkha-sukhājanakatayā tulye yasya sa tathā | maunī saṃyata-vāk | nanu śarīra-yātrā-nirvāhāya vāg-vyāpāro 'pekṣita eva nety āha saṃtuṣṭo nivṛtta-spṛhaḥ | kiṃ ca -- aniketo niyata-nivāsa-rahitaḥ | sthirā paramārtha-vastu-viṣayā matir yasya sa sthira-matiḥ | īdṛśo yo bhaktimān sa me priyo naraḥ | atra punaḥ punar bhakter upādānaṃ bhaktir evāpavargasya puṣkalaṃ kāraṇam iti draḍhayitum ||19||

baladevaḥ - samaḥ śatrau ceti sphuṭārthaḥ | saṅga-varjitaḥ kusaṅga-śūnyaḥ | tulyeti nindayā duḥkhaṃ stutyā sukhaṃ ca yo na vindati | maunī yata-vāk sveṣṭa-manana-śīlo vā | yena kenacid adṛṣṭākṛṣṭena rukṣeṇa snigdhena vānnādinā santuṣṭaḥ | aniketo niyata-nivāsa-rahito niketa-moha-śūnyo vā | sthira-matir niścita-jñānaḥ | eṣv adveṣṭety ādiṣu saptasu yeṣu guṇānāṃ punar apy abhidhānaṃ tat teṣām atidaurlabhya-jñāpanārtham ity adoṣaḥ | san-niṣṭhādīnāṃ tri-vidhānāṃ bhaktānāṃ sambhūya sthitā ete 'dveṣṭṛtvādayo

BhG 12.20

śrīdharaḥ : uktaṃ dharma-jātaṃ sapahalam upasaṃharati ye tv iti | yathoktam ukta-prakāram | dharma evāmṛtam | amṛtatva-sādhanatvāt | dharmyāmṛtam iti kecit paṭhanti | ye tad upāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti śraddhāṃ kurvantaḥ | mat-parāś ca santaḥ | mad-bhaktās te 'tīva me priyā iti ||20||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : adveṣṭety ādinākṣaropāsakādīnāṃ jīvanmuktānāṃ saṃnyāsināṃ lakṣaṇa-bhūtaṃ svabhāva-siddhaṃ dharma-jāta-muktam | yathoktaṃ vārtike -

utpannātmāvabodhasya hy adveṣṭṛtvādayo guṇāḥ | ayatnato bhavanty eva na tu sādhana-rūpiṇaḥ || iti |

etad eva ca purā sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇa-rūpeṇābhihitam | tad idaṃ dharma-jātaṃ prayatnena sampādyamānaṃ mumukṣor mokṣa-sādhanaṃ bhavatīti pratipādayann upasaṃharati ye tv iti | ye tu saṃnyāsino mumukṣavo dharmāmṛtaṃ dharma-rūpam amṛta-sādhanatvād amṛtavad āsvādyatvād vedaṃ yathoktam adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānām ity ādinā pratipāditaṃ paryupāsate 'nutiṣṭhanti prayatnena śraddadhānāḥ santo mat-paramā ahaṃ bhagavān akṣarātmā vāsudeva eva paramaḥ prāptavyo niratiśayā gatir yeṣāṃ te mat-paramā bhaktā māṃ nirupādhikaṃ brahma bhajamānās te 'tīva me priyāḥ | priyo hi jñānino 'tyartham ahaṃ sa ca mama priyaḥ iti pūrva-sūcitasyāyam upasaṃhāraḥ |

yasmād dharmāmṛtam idaṃ śraddhayānutiṣṭhan bhagavato viṣṇoḥ parameśvarasyātīva priyo bhavati tasmād idaṃ jñānavataḥ svabhāva-siddhatayā lakṣaṇam api mumukṣuṇātma-tattva-jijñāsunātma-jñānopāyatvena yatnād anuṣṭheyaṃ viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ jigamiṣuṇeti vākyārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sopādhika-brahmābhidhyāna-paripākān nirupādhikaṃ brahmānusandadhānasyādveṣṭṛtvādi-dharma-viśiṣṭasya mukhyasyādhikāriṇaḥ śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanāny āvartayato vedānta-vākyārtha-tattva-sākṣātkāra-sambhavāt tato mukty-upapater mukti-hetu-vedānta-mahāvākyārthānvaya-yogyas tat-padārtho

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda- śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām bhakti-yogo nāma dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktavān bahuvidha-svabhakta-niṣṭhān dharmān upasaṃharan kārtsnyenaital-lipsūnāṃ tac-chravaṇa-vicāraṇādi-phalam āha ye tv iti | ete bhakty-uttha-śānty-uttha-dharmā na prākṛtā guṇāḥ bhaktyā tuṣyati kṛṣṇo na guṇaiḥ ity ukta-koṭitaḥ | tu bhinnopakrame ukta-lakṣaṇā bhaktā ekaika-susvabhāva-niṣṭhāḥ | ete tu tat-tat-sarva-sal-lakṣaṇepsavaḥ sādhakā api tebhyaḥ siddhebhyo 'pi śreṣṭhāḥ | ataevāteti padam ||20||

baladevaḥ : ukta-bhakti-yogam upasaṃharan tasmin niṣṭhā-phalam āha ye tv iti | ye bhaktā yathoktaṃ mayy āveśya mano ye mām ity ādibhir yathā-gatam idaṃ dharmāmṛtaṃ paryupāsate | prāpyaṃ mām iva prāpakaṃ tat samāśrayanti | śraddadhānā bhakti-śraddhā-lavo mat-paramā man-niratās te mamātīva priyā bhavanti ||20||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye ekādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||12||

Bhagavadgita 13

BhG 13.1

teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarāt, bhavāmi na cirāt pārtha [Gītā 12.7] iti pūrvaṃ pratijñātam | na cātma-jñānaṃ vinā saṃsārād uddharaṇaṃ sambhavatīti tattva-jñānopadeśārthaṃ prakṛti-puruṣa-vivekādhyāya ārabhyate | tatra yat saptame 'dhyāye aparā parā ceti prakṛti-dvayam uktaṃ tayor avivekāj jīva-bhāvam āpannasya cid-aṃśasyāyaṃ saṃsāraḥ | yābhyāṃ ca jīvopabhogārtham īśvarasya sṛṣṭy-ādiṣu pravṛttiḥ | tad eva prakṛti-dvayaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-śabda-vācyaṃ parasparaṃ viviktaṃ tattvato nirūpayiṣyan bhagavān uvāca idam iti | idaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram ity abhidhīyate | saṃsārasya praroha-bhūmitvāt | etad yo vetti ahaṃ mameti manyate taṃ kṣetrajña iti prāhuḥ | kṛṣībalavat tat-phala-bhoktṛtvāt | tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor vivekajñāḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ :

prathama-madhyama-ṣaṭkayos tat-tvaṃ-padārthāv uktāv uttaras tu ṣaṭko vākyārtha-niṣṭhaḥ samyag-dhī-pradhāno 'dhunārabhyate | tatra - teṣām ahaṃ samuddhartā mṛtyu-saṃsāra-sāgarād bhavāmi [Gītā 12.7] iti prāg uktam | na cātma-jñāna-lakṣaṇān mṛtyor ātma-jñānaṃ vinoddharaṇaṃ sambhavati | ato yādṛśenātma-jñānena mṛtyu-saṃsāra-nivṛttir yena ca tattva-jñānena yuktā adveṣṭṛtvādi-guṇa-śālinaḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ prāgvyākhyātās tadātma-tattva-jñānaṃ vaktavyam | tac cādvitīyena paramātmanā saha jīvasyābhedam eva viṣayīkaroti | tad-bheda-bhrama-hetukatvāt sarvānarthasya |

tatra jīvānāṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ pratikṣetraṃ bhinnānām asaṃsāriṇaikena paramātmanā katham abhedaḥ syād ity āśaṅkāyāṃ saṃsārasya bhinnatvasya cāvidyā-kalpitānātma-dharmatvān na jīvasya saṃsāritvaṃ bhinnatvaṃ ceti vacanīyam | tad arthaṃ dehendriyāntaḥ-karaṇebhyaḥ kṣetrebhyo vivekena kṣetrajñaḥ puruṣo jīvaḥ pratikṣetram eka eva nirvikāra iti pratipādanāya kṣetra-kṣetrajña-vivekaḥ kriyate 'sminn adhyāye | tatra ye dve prakṛtī bhūmy-ādi-kṣetra-rūpatayā jīva-rūpa-kṣetrajñatayā cāpara-para-śabda-vācye sūcite tad-vivekena tattvaṃ nirūpayiṣyan śrī-bhagavān uvāca idaṃ śarīram iti |

idam indriyāntaḥ-karaṇa-sahitaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ he kaunteya ! kṣetram ity abhidhīyate | sasyasyevāsminn asakṛt karmaṇaḥ phalasya nirvṛtteḥ | etad yo vetti ahaṃ mamety abhimanyate taṃ kṣetrajña iti prāhuḥ kṛṣībalavat tat-phala-bhoktṛtvāt | tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor viveka-vidaḥ | atra cābhidhīyata iti karmaṇi prayogeṇa kṣetrasya jaḍatvāt karmatvaṃ kṣetrajña-śabde ca dvityāṃ vinaveti-śabdam āharan svaprakāśatvāt karmatvābhāvam avivekina evāhuḥ sthūla-dṛśām agocaratvād iti kathayituṃ vilakṣaṇa-vacana-vyaktyaikatra kartṛ-padopādānena ca nirdiśati bhagavān ||1||

tad evaṃ dvitīyena ṣaṭkena kevalayā bhaktyā bhagavat-prāptiḥ | tato 'nyā ahaṃgrahopāsanādyās tisra upāsanāś coktāḥ | atha prathama-ṣatkoditānāṃ niṣkāmakarma-yogināṃ bhakti-miśra-jñāṇād eva mokṣas tac ca jñānaṃ saṅkṣepād uktam api punaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñādi-vivecanena vivarituṃ tṛitīyaṃ ṣaṭkam ārabhate ||

tatra kiṃ kṣetraṃ kaḥ kṣetrajña ity apekṣāyām āha idam iti | idaṃ sendriyaṃ bhogāyatanaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetraṃ saṃsārasya praroha-bhūmitvāt | tad yo vetti bandha-daśāyām ahaṃ-mamety abhimanyamānaṃ sva-sambandhitvenaiva jānāti, mokṣa-daśāyām ahaṃ-mamety-abhimāna-rahitaḥ sva-sambandha-rahitam evayo jānāti, tam ubhayāvasthaṃ jīvaṃ kṣetrajñam iti prāhuḥ | kṛṣībalavat sa eva kṣetrajñas tat-phala-bhoktā ca | yad uktaṃ bhagavatā --

adanti caikaṃ phalam asya gṛdhnā grāmecarā ekam araṇya-vāsāḥ | haṃsā ya ekaṃ bahurūpam ijyair māyāmayaṃ veda sa veda vedam || iti | [BhP 11.12.23]

asyārthaḥ gṛdhnantīti gṛdhrā grāmecarā baddha-jīvā asya vṛkṣasyakaṃ phalaṃ duḥkham adanti, pariṇāmataḥ svargāder api duḥkha-rūpatvāt | araṇya-vāsā haṃsā mukta-jīvā eka-phalaṃ sukham adanti, sarvathā sukha-rūpasyāpavargasyāpy etaj-janyatvāt | evam ekam api saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ bahuvidha-naraka-svargāpavarga-prāpakatvād bahu-rūpaṃ māyā-śakti-samudbhūtatvān māyāmayam | ijyaiḥ pūjyair gurubhiḥ kṛtvā yo vedeti tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor veditāraḥ ||1||

baladevaḥ :

ādya-ṣaṭke niṣkāma-karma-sādhyaṃ j-jñānopayogitayā darśitam | madhya-ṣatke tu bhakti-śabditaṃ paramātmopāsanaṃ tan-mahima-nigada-pūrvakam upadiṣṭam | tac ca kevalaṃ tad-vaśyatākaraṃ sat tat-prāpakam | ārtādīnāṃ tu tam upāsīnānām ārti-vināśādi-karaṃ tad-ekānti-prasaṅgena kevalaṃ sat tat-prāpakaṃ ca |

yogena jñānena copasṛṣṭaṃ tv aiśvarya-pradhāna-tad-rūpopalambhakaṃ mocakaṃ cety uktam | tathāsminn antya-ṣatke prakṛti-puruṣa-tat-saṃyoga-hetuka-jagat tad-īśvara-svarūpāṇi karma-jñāna-bhakti-svarūpāṇi ca vivicyante | jñāna-vaiśadyāya etāvat trayogaśe 'sminn adhyāye deha-jīva-pareśa-svarūpāṇi vivecanīyāni | dehādi-viviktasyāpi jīvātmano deha-sambandha-hetus tad-vivekānusandhi-prakāraś ca vimarśanīyaḥ | tad idam arthajātam abhidhātuṃ bhagavān uvāca idam iti | he kaunteya idaṃ sendriya-prāṇaṃ śarīraṃ bhoktur jīvasya bhogya-sukha-duḥkhādi-prarohakatvāt kṣetram ity abhidhīyate tattva-jñaiḥ | etac charīraṃ devo 'haṃ mānavo 'haṃ sthūlo 'ham ity ajñair ātma-bhedena pratīyamānam api yaḥ śayyāsanādivad-ātmano bhannam ātma-bhoga-mokṣa-sādhanaṃ ca vetti, taṃ vedyāc charīrāt tad-veditṛtayā bhinnaṃ tad-vidaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-svarūpa-jñāḥ kṣetrajñam iti prāhuḥ | bhoga-mokṣa-sādhanatvaṃ śarīrasyoktaṃ śrī-bhagavate -

adanti caikaṃ phalam asya gṛdhnā grāmecarā ekam araṇya-vāsāḥ | haṃsā ya ekaṃ bahu-rūpam ijyair māyā-mayaṃ veda sa veda vedam || iti | [BhP 11.12.23]

BhG 13.2

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ saṃsāriṇaḥ svarūpam uktam | idānīṃ tasyaiva pāramārthikam asaṃsāri-svarūpam āha kṣetrajñam iti | ta ca kṣetrajñaṃ saṃsāriṇaṃ jīvaṃ vastutaḥ sarva-kṣetreṣv anugataṃ mām eva viddhi | tattvam asi iti śrutyā lakṣitena cid-aṃśena mad-rūpasyoktatvāt ādarārtham eva taj-jñānaṃ stauti | kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yad evaṃ vailakṣaṇeyan jñānaṃ tad eva mokṣa-hetutvān mama jñanaṃ matam | anyat tu vṛthā-pāṇḍityam | bandha-hetutvād ity arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ --

tat karma yan na bandhāya sā vidyā yā vimuktaye | āyāsāyāparaṃ karma vidyānyā śilpa-naipuṇam || iti |

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ dehendriyādi-vilakṣaṇaṃ sva-prakāśaṃ kṣetrajñam abhidhāya tasya pāramārthikaṃ tattvam asaṃsāri-paramātmanaikyam āha kṣetrajñam apīti |

sarva-kṣetreṣu ya ekaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ svaprakāśa-caitanya-rūpo nityo vibhuś ca tam avidyādhyāropita-kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvādi-saṃsāra-dharmaṃ kṣetrajñam avidyaka-rūpa-parityāgena mām īśvaram asaṃsāriṇam advitīya-brahmānanda-rūpaṃ viddhi jānīhi | he bhārata ! evaṃ ca kṣetraṃ māyā-kalpitaṃ mithyā | kṣetrajñaś ca paramārtha-satyas tad-bhramādhiṣṭhānam iti kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yaj jñānaṃ tad eva mokṣa-sādhanatvāj jñānam avidyā-virodhi-prakāśa-rūpaṃ mama matam anyat tv ajñānam eva tad-virodhitvād ity abhiprāyaḥ |

atra jīveśvarayor āvidyako bhedaḥ pāramārthikas tv abheda ity atra yuktayo bhāṣya-kṛdbhir varṇitāḥ | asmābhis tu grantha-vistara-bhayāt prāg eva bahudhoktatvāc ca nopanyastāḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ kṣetra-jñānāt jīvātmanaḥ kṣetrajñatvam uktam, paramātmanas tu tato 'pi kārtsnyena sarva-kṣetrajñatvāt kṣetrajñatvam āha kṣetrajñam iti | sarva-kṣetreṣu niyantṛtvena sthitaṃ māṃ paramātmānaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ viddhi | jīvānāṃ pratyekam akaika-kṣetra-jñnānāṃ tad api na kṛtsnam | mama tv ekasyaiva sarva-kṣetrajñatvaṃ kṛtsnam eveti viśeṣo jñeyaḥ | kiṃ jñānam ity apekṣāyām āha kṣetreṇa saha kṣetrajñayor jīvātma-paramātanor yaj jñānaṃ kṣetra-jīvātma-paramātmanāṃ yaj jñānam ity arthaḥ | tad eva jñānaṃ mama mataṃ sammataṃ ca | tatra -grantha-virodhād vyākhyāntareṇa ekātmavāda-pakṣo nānukartavyaḥ ||2||

baladevaḥ : kṣetra-jñānāj jīvātmanaḥ kṣetrajñatvam uktam | atha paramātmanas tad āha kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi mām iti | he bhārat sarva-kṣetreṣu māṃ ca kṣetrajñaṃ viddhi | apir avadhāraṇe | jīvāḥ svaṃ svaṃ kṣetraṃ svabhoga-mokṣa-sādhanaṃ jānantaḥ kṣetrajñāḥ prajāvat | ahaṃ tu sarveśvara eka eva sarvāṇi tāni bhartavyāni ca jānan tat-sarva-kṣetrajño rājavad ity arthaḥ | sarveśvarsyāpi kṣetreśvarasyāpi kṣetrajñatvaṃ --

kṣetrāṇi hi śarīrāṇi bījaṃ cāpi śubhāśubhe | tāni vetti sa yogātmā tataḥ kṣetrajña ucyate || ity ādi smṛtibhyaḥ |

kiṃ jñānam ity apekṣāyām āha kṣetreti | kṣetreṇa sahitau kṣetrajñau jīva-parau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau | tat-sahitayos tayor mitho vivekena yaj-jñānaṃ tad eva jñānaṃ mama matam | tato 'nyathā tv ajñānam ity arthaḥ |

idam atra bodhyam --prakṛti-jīveśvarāṇāṃ bhogyatva-bhoktṛtva-niyantṛtva-dharmakatvān mithaḥ-sampṛktānām api teṣāṃ na tat tad-dharma-sāṅkaryaṃ citrāmbara-rūpavad ity evam āha sūtrakāraḥ -- na tu dṛṣṭānta-bhāvāt iti | śrutayaś ca prakṛty-ādīnāṃ vivikta-tad-dharmakatām āhuḥ[*ENDNOTE] --

pṛthag ātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā

jñājñau dvāv ajāv īśānīśānāv ajā

kṣaraṃ pradhānam amṛtākṣaraṃ haraḥ

bhoktā bhogyaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā

atrāpi kṣarākṣara-śabda-bodhyāt kṣetra-kṣetrajña-rūpād yugalāt svasya puruṣottamasyānyatvaṃ vakṣyati dvāv imau puruṣau ity ādibhis tasmān mithaḥ sampṛktānām api prakṛty-ādīnāṃ viviktatayā jñānaṃ tāttvikam iti |

yat tv ekātma-vādinaḥ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi ity atra sāmānādhikaraṇya-pratītyā sarveśvarasyaiva sato 'syā vidyayaiva kṣetrajña-bhāvo rajjor iva bhujaṅgamatvam | tan-nivṛttaye harer āptatamasyedaṃ vākyaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi mām iti rajjur iyaṃ na bhujaṅga ity āpta-vākyād bhujaṅgatva-bhrāntir iva kṣetrajñatva-bhrāntir asmād vākyād vinaśyatīty āhus tat kilopadeśyāsambhavād eva nirastam iti dehino 'smin ity asya bhāṣye draṣṭavyam | evaṃ tu vyākhyātaṃ yujyate | ca-śabdaḥ kṣetra-samuccayārthaḥ | kṣetraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ ca mām eva viddhi | mad-adhīna-sthiti-pravṛttikatvān mad-vyāpyatvāc ca mad-ātmakaṃ jānīhīti | evam evoktaṃ kṣetra-ksetrajñayor iti | tayor mad-adhīna-pravṛttikatvādibhir mad-ātmakatayā yaj-jñānaṃ taj jñānaṃ mama matam ito 'nyathā tv amatam iti |

BhG 13.3

śrīdharaḥ : tatra yady api caturviṃśatyā bhedair bhinnā prakṛtiḥ kṣetram ity ābhipretaṃ tathāpi deha-rūpeṇa pariṇatāyām eva tasyām ahaṃ-bhāvena avivekaḥ sphuṭa iti | tad-vivekārtham idaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram ity ādy uktam | tad etat prapañcayiṣyan pratijānīte tad iti | yad uktaṃ mayā kṣetraṃ tat kṣetraṃ yat svarūpato jaḍaṃ dṛśyādi-svabhāvām | yādṛg yādṛśaṃ ca icchādi-dharmakam | yad-vikāri yair indriyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād bhavati | yad iti yaiḥ prakāraiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedaiḥ, bhinnam ity arthaḥ | sa ca kṣetrajño yat-svarūpo

madhusūdanaḥ : saṃkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ vivarītum ārabhate tat kṣetram iti | tad idaṃ śarīram iti prāg uktaṃ jaḍa-varga-rūpaṃ kṣetraṃ yac ca svarūpeṇa jaḍa-dṛśya-paricchinnādi-svabhāvaṃ yādṛk cecchādi-dharmakaṃ yad-vikāri yair indriyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca kāraṇād yat kāryam utpadyata iti śeṣaḥ | athavā yataḥ prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād bhavati | yad iti yaiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedair bhinnam ity arthaḥ | atrāniyamena ca-kāra-prayogāt sarva-samuccayo draṣṭavyaḥ | sa ca kṣetrajñayor yaḥ svarūpataḥ sva-prakāśa-caitanyānanda-svabhāvaḥ | yat-prabhāvaś ca ye prabhāvā upādhi-kṛtāḥ śaktayo yasya tat-kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ sarva-viśeṣaṇa-viśiṣṭaṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa me mama vacanāc chṛṇu | śrutvāvadhārayety arthaḥ ||13.3||

viśvanāthaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ vivaritum ārabhate tat kṣetraṃ śarīraṃ yac ca mahābhūta-prāṇendriyādi-saṅghāta-rūpam | yādṛk yādṛśecchādi-dharmakam | yad vikāri vairi-priyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād udbhūtam | yad iti yaiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedair bhinnam ity arthaḥ | sa kṣetrajño jīvātmā paramātmā ca | yat tad iti napuṃsakam anapuṃsakennaikavac ceti eka-śeṣaḥ | samāsena saṅkṣepeṇa ||3||

baladevaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ viśadayitum āha tad iti | tat kṣetraṃ śarīraṃ yac ca yad dravyaṃ yādṛk yad-āśraya-bhūtaṃ yad-vikāri yair vikārair upetaṃ | yataś ca hetor udbhūtaṃ yat prayojanakaṃ ca | yad iti yat svarūpaṃ | sa ca kṣetrajño jīva-lakṣaṇaḥ pareśa-lakṣaṇaś ca yo yat svarūpo ya-prabhāvo yac-chaktikaś ca | napuṃsakam anapuṃsakenaikav cāsyānyatrasyām iti sūtrāt ||3||

BhG 13.4

śrīdharaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṅkṣepa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhir vaśiṣṭhādibhiḥ | yoga-śāstreṣu dhyāna-dhāraṇādi-viṣayatvena virājādirūpeṇa bahudhā gītaṃ nirūpitam | vividhair vicitrair nitya-naimittaika-kāmya-karmādi-viṣayaiḥ | chandobhir vedaiḥ | nānā-yajanīya-devatādi-rūpeṇa bahudhā gītam | brahmaṇaḥ sūtraiḥ padaiś ca | brahma sūtryate sūcyate ebhir iti brahma-sūtrāṇi | yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante [TaittU 3.1.1] ity ādīni taṭastha-lakṣaṇa-parāṇy upaniṣad-vākyāni | tathā ca brahma padyate gamyate sākṣāj jñāyata ebhir iti padāni svarūpa-lakṣaṇa-parāṇi satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma ity ādīni | taiś ca bahudhā gītam | kiṃ ca hetumadbhiḥ sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt katham asataḥ saj jāyeta [Chā 6.2.1] iti | tathā ko hy evānyāt kaḥ prāṇyāt yad eṣa ākāśa ānando na syāt eṣa hy evānandayati [TaittU 2.7.1] ity ādi yuktimadbhiḥ | anyād apāna-ceṣṭāṃ kaḥ kuryāt | prāṇyāt prāṇa-vyāpāraṃ vā kaḥ kuryāt iti śruti-padayor arthaḥ | viniścitair upakramopasaṃhāraika-vākyatayā 'sandigdhārtha-pratipādakair ity arthaḥ | tad evam etair vistareṇoktaṃ duḥsaṅgrahaṃ saṅkṣepatas tubhyaṃ kathayiṣyāmi | tac chṛṇv ity arthaḥ | yad vā athāto brahma-jijñāsā [Vs. 1.1.1] ity ādīni brahma-sūtrāṇi gṛhyante | tāny eva brahma padyate niścīyate ebhir iti padāni | tair hetumadbhiḥ īkṣater nāśabdam [Vs. 1.1.5], ānandamayo 'bhyāsāt [Vs 1.1.13] ity ādibhir yuktimadbhir viniścitair ity arthaḥ | śeṣaṃ samānam ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṃkṣepa ity apekṣāyāṃ śrotṛ-buddhi-prarocanārthaṃ stuvann āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhir vasiṣṭhādibhir yoga-śāstreṣu dhāraṇā-dhyāna-viṣayatvena bahudhā gītaṃ nirūpitam | etena yoga-śāstra-pratipādyatvam uktam | vividhair nitya-naimittika-kāmya-karmādi-viṣayaiś chandobhir ṛg-ādi-mantrair brāhmaṇaiś ca pṛthag vivekato gītam | etena karma-kāṇḍa-pratipādyatvam uktam | brahma-sūtra-padaiś ca brahma sūtryate sūcyate kiṃcid vyavadhānena pratipādyata ebhir iti brahma-sūtrāṇi -- yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante | yena jātāni jīvanti | yat prayanty abhisaṃviśanti | [TaittU 3.1.1] ity ādīni taṭastha-lakṣaṇa-parāṇy upaniṣad-vākyāni tathā padyate brahma sākṣāt pratipādyata ebhir iti padāni svarūpa-lakṣaṇa-parāṇi satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma ity ādīni tair brahma-sūtraiḥ padaiś ca | hetumadbhiḥ -- sad eva saumyedam agra āsīd.. ekam evādvitīyam [Chā 6.2.1] ity upakramya tad dhaika āhur asad evedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyaṃ tasmād asataḥ saj jāyate iti nāstika-matam upanyasya kutas tu khalu somyaivaṃ syād iti hovāca katham asataḥ saj jāyate ity ādi-yuktīḥ pratipādayadbhir viniścitair upakramopasaṃhāraika-vākyatayā sandeha-śūnyārtha-pratipādakair bahudhā gītaṃ ca | etena jñāna-kāṇḍa-pratipādyatvam uktam | evam etair ativastareṇoktaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ saṃkṣepeṇa tubhyaṃ kathayiṣyāmi tac chṛṇv ity arthaḥ | athavā brahma-sūtrāṇi tāni padāni ceti karma-dhārayaḥ | tatra vidyā-sūtrāṇi ātmety evopāsīta ity ādīni avidyā-sūtrāṇi na sa veda yathā paśuḥ ity ādīni tair gītam iti ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṅkṣepa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir vaśiṣṭhādibhir yoga-śāstreṣu | chandobhir vedaiḥ | brahma-sūtrāṇi athāto brahma-jijñāsā [Vs. 1.1.1] ity ādīni tāny eva sūtrāṇi | brahma padyate jñāyate ebhir iti tāni | tathā taiḥ kīdṛśair hetumadbhiḥ | īkṣater nāśabdam [Vs. 1.1.5], ānandamayo 'bhyāsāt [Vs. 1.1.13] iti yuktimadbhir viniścitair viśeṣato niścitārthaiḥ |

baladevaḥ : idaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ kair vistareṇoktaṃ yat samāsena brūṣa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhiḥ parāśarādibhir etat kṣetrādi-svarūpaṃ bahudhā gītam -

ity ādibhiḥ | tathā chandobhir vedair vividhair sarvair bahudhā tad gītaṃ yajuḥ-śākhāyāṃ tasmād vā etasmād ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ [TaittU 2.1.3] ity ādinā brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhā [TaittU 2.5.1] ity antenānnamaya-prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayānanda-mayāḥ pañca puruṣāḥ paṭhitās teṣv anna-mayādi-trayaṃ jaḍaṃ kṣetra-svarūpaṃ, tato bhinno vijñāna-mayo jīvas tasya bhokteti jīva-kṣetrajña-svarūpaṃ | tasmāc ca bhinnaḥ sarvāntara ānanda-maya itīśvara-kṣetrajña-svarūpam uktam | evaṃ vedāntareṣu mṛgyam | brahma-sūtra-rūpaiḥ padair vākyaiś ca tad-yāthātmyaṃ gītam | teṣu na viyad aśruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.1] ity ādinā kṣetra-svarūpaṃ, nātmā śruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.18] ity ādinā jīva-svarūpaṃ, parāt tu tac chruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.39] ity ādineśvara-svarūpam | sphuṭam anyat ||

BhG 13.5-6

śrīdharaḥ : tatra kṣetra-svarūpam āha mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahā-bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūtaḥ | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattvam | avyaktaṃ mūla-prakṛtiḥ | indriyāṇi daśa bāhyāni jñāna-karmendriyāṇi | ekaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-goccarāś ca pañca tan-mātra-rūpā eva śabdādaya ākāśādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santa indriya-viṣayāḥ pañca tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvāni uktāni ||5||

iccheti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ śarīram | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttiḥ | dhṛtir dhairyam | ete ceddhādayo dṛśyatvān nātma-dharmāḥ, api tu mano-dharmā eva | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhāśraddhā dhṛtir adhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena ca yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ savikāram indriyādi-vikāra-sahitaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa tubhyaṃ mayoktam iti kṣetropasaṃhāraḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ prarocitāyārjunāya kṣetra-svarūpaṃ tāvad āha dvābhyām | mahānti bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūto 'bhimāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | buddhir ahaṅkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇam | avyaktaṃ tat-kāraṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇātmakaṃ pradhānaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ na kasyāpi kāryam | eva-kāraḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārthaḥ | etāvaty evāṣṭadhā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sāṅkhya-matena vyākhyātam | aupaniṣadānāṃ tu avyaktam avyākṛtam anirvacanīyaṃ māyākhyā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ | mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | buddhiḥ sargādau tad-viṣayam īkṣaṇam | ahaṅkāra īkṣaṇānantaram ahaṃ bahu syām iti saṅkalpaḥ | tata ākāśādi-krameṇa pañca-bhūtotpattir iti | na hy avyakta-mahad-ahaṅkārāḥ sāṅkhya-siddhā aupaniṣadair upagamyante 'śabdatvādi-hetubhir iti sthitam | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10] te dhyāna-yogānugatā apaśyan devātma-śaktiṃ sva-guṇair nigūḍhām [ŚvetU 1.3] iti śruti-pratipāditam avyaktam | tad aikṣata itīkṣaṇa-rūpā buddhiḥ | bahu syāṃ prajāyeya [ChāU 6.2.3] iti bahu-bhavana-saṅkalpa-rūpo 'haṅkāraḥ | tasmād vā etasmād ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ | ākāśād vāyuḥ | vāyor agniḥ | agner āpaḥ | adbhyaḥ pṛthivī [TaittU 1.1] iti pañca bhūtāni śrautāni | ayam eva pakṣaḥ sādhīyān |

indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca śrotra-tvak-cakṣū-rasana-ghrāṇākhyāni pañca buddhīndriyāṇi vāk-pāṇi-pāda-pāyūpasthākhyāni pañca karmendriyāṇīti tāni | ekaṃ ca manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakam | pañca cendriya-goccarāḥ śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhās te buddhīndriyāṇāṃ jñāpyatvena viṣayāḥ karmendriyāṇāṃ tu kāryatvena | tāny etāni sāṅkhyāś caturviṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣante ||5||

icchā sukhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me bhūyād iti spṛhātmā citta-vṛttiḥ kāma iti rāga iti cocyate | dveṣo duḥkhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me mā bhūd iti spṛhā-virodhinī citta-vṛttiḥ krodha itīrṣyeti cocyate | sukhaṃ nirupādhīcchā-viṣayībhūtā dharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttiḥ paramātma-sukha-vyañjikā | duḥkhaṃ nirupādhi-dveṣa-viṣayībhūtā citta-vṛttir adharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā | saṃghātaḥ pañca-mahā-bhūta-pariṇāmaḥ sendriyaṃ śarīram | cetanā svarūpa-jñāna-vyañjikā pramāṇa-sādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttir jñānākhyā | dhṛtir avasannānāṃ dehendriyāṇām avaṣṭambha-hetuḥ prayatnaḥ | upalakṣaṇam etad icchādi-grahaṇam sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmāṇām | tathā ca śrutiḥ - kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti mṛd-ghaṭa itivad upādānābhedena kāryāṇāṃ kāmādīnāṃ mano-dharmatvam āha | etat paridṛśyamānaṃ sarvaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ jaḍaṃ kṣetrajñena sākṣiṇāvabhāsyamānatvāt tad-anātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ bhāsyam acetanaṃ samāsenodāhṛtam uktam |

nanu śarīrendriya-saṃghāta eva cetanaḥ kṣetrajña iti lokāyatikāḥ | cetanā kṣaṇikaṃ jñānam evātmeti sugatāḥ | icchā-dveṣa-prayatna-sukha-duḥkha-jñānāny ātmano liṅgam iti naiyāyikāḥ | tat kathaṃ kṣetram evaitat sarvam iti ? tatrāha sa-vikāram iti | vikāro janmādir nāśāntaḥ pariṇāmo nairuktaiḥ paṭhitaḥ | tat-sahitaṃ sa-vikāram idaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antam ato na vikāra-sākṣi svotpatti-vināśayoḥ svena draṣṭum aśakyatvāt | anyeṣām api sva-dharmāṇāṃ sva-darśanam antareṇa darśanānupapatteḥ svenaiva sva-darśane ca kartṛ-karma-virodhān nirvikāra eva sarva-vikāra-sākṣī | tad uktaṃ -

na rte syād vikriyāṃ duḥkhī sākṣitā kā vikāriṇaḥ | dhī-vikriyā-sahasrāṇāṃ sākṣyato 'ham avikriyaḥ || iti |

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra kṣetrasya svarūpam āha mahābhūtāny ākāśādīny ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇam | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattva, ahaṅkāra-kāraṇam | avyaktaṃ prakṛtir mahat-tattva-kāraṇam | indriyāṇi śrotrādīni daśaikaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-gocarāḥ pañca śabdādayo viṣayās tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakam iti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ pañca-mahābhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttir dhṛtir dhairyam icchādayaś caite mano-dharmā eva na tv ātma-dharmāḥ | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ sa-vikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāra-sahitam ||5-6||

baladevaḥ : tat kṣetraṃ yac ca ity ādyārdhakena vaktuṃ pratijñātaṃ kṣetra-svarūpam āha -- mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahābhūtāni pañca khādīny ahaṅkāras tad-dhetus tāmaso bhūtādi-saṃjño buddhis tad-dheutr jñāna-pradhāno mahān avyaktaṃ tad-dhetuḥ | triguṇāvasthaṃ pradhānam indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca vāg-ādīni ca pañceti bhūtādi-khādy-antarālikāḥ sūkṣmāḥ śabdādi-tanmātrāḥ khādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santaḥ sthūlāḥ śrotrādi-pañcaka-grāhyā viṣayā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ jñeyam | icchādayaś catvāraḥ prasiddhāḥ saṅkalpādīnām upalakṣaṇam etat | ete manodharmāḥ kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr iti śruteḥ | yadyapy ātma-dharmā icchādayo ya ātmā ity ādau satya-kāmaḥ satya-saṅkalpaḥ iti śravaṇāt, paṭhed ya icchet puruṣaḥ iti sahasranāma-stotrāt, puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur uchyate iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca, tathāpi mano-dvārābhivyakter manodharmatvam | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātaḥ | saṅghāto bhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | sa ca cetanā dhṛitr bhogāya mokṣāya ca yatamānasya cetanasya jīvasyādhāratayotpanna ity arthaḥ | atra pradhānādi-dravyāṇi kṣetrārambhakāṇiti, ya cety asya śrotrādīndiriyāṇi śrotrāśritānīti yādṛg ity asyencchādīni kṣetra-kāryāṇīti | yad-vikārīty asya cetanā dhṛtir iti | yataś cety asya saṅghāta iti | yad ity asottaram uktam | etat kṣetraṃ savikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāropetam udāhṛtam uktam ||5-6||

BhG 13.7-11

śrīdharaḥ : idānīm ukta-lakṣaṇāt kṣetrāt atiriktatayā jñeyaṃ śuddhaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ vistareṇa varṇayiṣyan śuddha-jñāna-sādhanāny āha amānitvam iti pañcabhiḥ | amānitvaṃ sva-guṇa-ślāghā-rāhityam | adambhitvaṃ dambha-rāhityam | ahiṃsā para-pīḍā-varjanam | kṣāntiḥ sahiṣṇutvam | ārjavam avakratā | ācāryopāsanaṃ sad-guru-sevā | śaucaṃ bāhma ābhyantaraṃ ca | tatra bāhyaṃ mṛj-jalādinā, ābhyantaraṃ ca rāgādi-mala-kṣālanam | tathā ca śrutiḥ --

śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā | mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti |

dhairyaṃ san-mārge pravṛttasya tad-eka-niṣṭhatā | ātma-vinigrahaḥ śarīra-saṃyamaḥ | etaj jñānam iti proktam iti pañcamenānvayaḥ || kiṃ ca mayīti | mayi parameśvare | ananya-yogena sarvātma-dṛṣṭyā | avyābhicāriṇy ekāntā bhaktiḥ | viviktaḥ śuddha-citta-prasāda-karaḥ | taṃ deśaṃ sevituṃ śīlaṃ yasya tasya bhāvas tattvam | prākṛtānāṃ janānāṃ saṃsadi sabhāyām aratī raty-abhāvaḥ | kiṃ ca adhyātmeti | ātmānam adhikṛtya vartamānaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam | tasmin nityatvaṃ nitya-bhāvaḥ | tattvaṃ padārtha-buddhi-niṣṭhatvam ity arthaḥ | tattva-jñānasyārthaḥ prayojanaṃ mokṣas tasya darśanaṃ mokṣasya sarvotkṛṣṭatvālocanam ity arthaḥ | etad amānitvam adambhitvam ity ādi viṃśati-saṅkhyakaṃ yad uktam etaj jñānam iti proktaṃ vaśiṣṭhādibhiḥ jñāna-sādhanatvāt |ato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ mānitvādi yat tad ajñānam iti proktam | jñāna-virodhitvāt ataḥ sarvathā tyājyam ity arthaḥ ||7-11||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ kṣetraṃ pratipādya tat-sākṣiṇaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ kṣetrād vivekena vistarāt pratipādayituṃ taj-jñāna-yogyatvāyāmānitvādi-sādhanāny āha jñeyaṃ yat tad ity ataḥ prāktanaiḥ pañcabhiḥ amānitvam iti | vidyamānair avidyamānair vā guṇair ātmanaḥ ślāghanaṃ mānitvaṃ, lābha-pūjākhyātyarthaṃ svadharma-prakaṭī-karaṇaṃ dāmbhitvaṃ, kāya-vāṅ-manobhiḥ prāṇināṃ pīḍanaṃ hiṃsā, teṣāṃ varjanam amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsety uktam | parāparādhe citta-vikāra-hetau prāpte 'pi nirvikāra-cittatayā tad-aparādha-sahanaṃ kṣāntiḥ | ārjavam akauṭilyaṃ yathā-hṛdayaṃ vyavaharaṇaṃ para-pratāraṇā-rāhityam iti yāvat | ācāryo mokṣa-sādhanasyopadeṣṭātra vivakṣito na tu manūkta upanīyādhyāpakaḥ | tasya śuśrūṣānamaskārādi-prayogeṇa sevanam ācāryopāsanam | śaucaṃ bāhyaṃ kāya-malānāṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ kṣālanam ābhyantaraṃ ca mano-malānāṃ rāgādīnāṃ viṣaya-doṣa-darśana-rūpa-pratipakṣa-bhāvanayāpanayanam | sthairyaṃ mokṣa-sādhane pravṛttasyāneka-vidha-vighna-prāptāv api tad-aparityāgena punaḥ punar yatrādhikyam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano dehendriya-saṃghātasya

kiṃ ca - indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭeṣv ānuśravikeṣu vā bhogeṣu rāga-virodhiny aspṛhātmikā citta-vṛttir vairāgyam | ātma-ślāghanābhāve 'pi manasi prādurbhūto 'haṃ sarvotkṛṣṭa iti garvo 'haṅkāras tad-abhāvo 'nahaṅkāraḥ | ayoga-vyavacchedārtham eva-kāraḥ | samuccayārthaś ca-kāraḥ | tenāmānitvādīnāṃ viṃśati-saṅkhyākānāṃ samucito yoga eva jñānam iti proktaṃ na tv ekasyāpy abhāva ity arthaḥ | janmano garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-niḥsaraṇa-rūpasya mṛtyoḥ sarva-marma-cchedana-rūpasya jarāyāḥ prajñā-śakti-tejo-nirodha-para-paribhavādi-rūpāyā vyādhīnāṃ jvarātisārādi-rūpāṇāṃ duḥkhānām iṣṭa-viyogāniṣṭa-saṃyogāniṣṭa-saṃyogāniṣṭa-saṃyoga-jānām adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaiva-nimittānāṃ doṣasya vāta-pitta-śleṣma-mala-mūtrādi-paripūrṇatvena kāya-jugupsitatvasya cānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punar ālocanaṃ janmādi-duḥkhānteṣu doṣasyānudarśanaṃ janmādi-vyādhy-anteṣu duḥkha-rūpa-doṣasyānudarśanam iti vā | idaṃ ca viṣaya-vairāgya-hetutvenātma-darśanasyopakaroti ||8||

kiṃ ca | saktir mamedam ity etāvan-mātreṇa prītiḥ | abhiṣvaṅgas tv aham evāyam ity ananyatva-bhāvanayā prīty-atiśayo 'nyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vāham eva sukhī duḥkhī ceti | tad-rāhityam asaktir anabhiṣvaṅga iti coktam | kutra sakty-abhiṣvaṅgau varjanīyāv ata āha putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣu | ādi-grahaṇād anyeṣv api bhṛtyādiṣu sarveṣu sneha-viṣayeṣv ity arthaḥ | nityaṃ ca sarvadā ca sama-cittatvaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya-manastvam iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu | upapattiḥ prāptiḥ | iṣṭopapattiṣu harṣābhāvo 'niṣṭopapattiṣu viṣādābhāva ity arthaḥ | caḥ samuccaye ||9||

kiṃ ca | mayi ca bhagavati vāsudeve parameśvare bhaktiḥ sarvotkṛṣṭatva-jñāna-pūrvikā prītiḥ | ananya-yogena nānyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paro 'sty ataḥ sa eva no gatir ity evaṃ niścayenāpy avyabhicāriṇī kenāpi pratikūlena hetunā nivārayitum aśakyā | sāpi jñāna-hetuḥ prītir na yāvan mayi vāsudeva na mucyate deha-yogena tāvat [BhP 5.5.6] ity ukteḥ |

viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā śuddho 'śucibhiḥ sarpa-vyāghrādibhiś ca rahitaḥ suradhunī-pulinādi-śrita-prasāda-karo deśas tat-sevana-śīlatvaṃ vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

same śucau śarkarā-vahni-bālukā- vivarjite śabda-jalāśrayādibhiḥ | mano 'nukūle na tu cakṣu-pīḍane

janānām ātma-jñāna-vimukhānāṃ viṣaya-bhoga-lampaṭatopadeśakānāṃ saṃsadi samavāye tattva-jñāna-pratikūlāyām aratir aramaṇaṃ sādhūnāṃ tu saṃsadi tattva-jñānānukūlāyāṃ ratir ucitaiva | tathā coktam -

saṅgaḥ sarvātmanā heyaḥ sa cety uktaṃ na śakyate | sa sadbhiḥ saha kartavyaḥ sataḥ saṅgo hi bheṣajam || iti ||10||

kiṃ ca | adhyātma-jñānam ātmānam adhikṛtya pravṛttam ātmānātma-viveka-jñānam adhyātma-jñānaṃ tasmin nityatvaṃ tatraiva niṣṭhāvattvam | viveka-niṣṭho hi vākyārtha-jñāna-samartho bhavati | tattva-jñānasyāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sākṣātkārasya vedānta-vākya-karaṇakasyāmānityatvādi-sarva-sādhana-paripāka-phalasyārthaḥ prayojanam avidyā-tat-kāryātmaka-nikhila-duḥkha-nivṛtti-rūpaḥ paramānandātmāvāpti-rūpaś ca mokṣas tasya darśanam ālocanam | tattva-jñāna-phalālocane hi tat-sādhane pravṛttiḥ syāt | etad amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntaṃ viṃśati-saṅkhyākaṃ jñānam iti proktaṃ jñānārthatvāt | ato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ mānitvādi yat tad ajñānam iti proktaṃ jñāna-virodhitvāt | tasmād ajñāna-parityāgena jñānam evopādeyam iti bhāvaḥ ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇāt kṣetrād viviktatayā jñeyau jīvātma-paramātmānau kṣetrajñau vistareṇa varṇayiṣyan taj-jñānasya sādhanāny amānitvādīni viṃśatim āha pañcabhiḥ | atrāṣṭadaśa bhaktānāṃ jñānināṃ ca sādhāraṇāni kintu bhaktaiḥ mayi cānanya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicāriṇī ity ekam eva bhagavad-anubhava-sādhanatvena yatnataḥ kriyate | anyāni spatadaśoktābhyāsavatāṃ teṣāṃ svata evotpadyante na tu teṣu yatna iti sāmpradāyikāḥ | antime dve tu jñāninām asādhāraṇa eva |

atrāmānitvādīni vispaṣṭārthāni | śaucaṃ bāhyam abhyantaraṃ ca tathā ca smṛtiḥ --

śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā | mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti |

ātma-vinigrahaḥ śarīra-saṃyamaḥ | janmādiṣu duḥkha-rūpasya doṣasyānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punaḥ paryālocanam | asaktiḥ putrādiṣu prīt-tyāgo 'nabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putrādīnāṃ sukhe duḥkhe cāham eva sukhī duḥkhīty adhyāsābhāva iṣṭāniṣṭayor vyavahārikayor upapattiṣu prāptiṣu nityaṃ sarvadā samacittatvam | mayi śyāmasundarākāre 'nanya-yogena jñāna-karma-tapo-yogādy-amiśraṇena bhaktiś ca-kārād jñānādi-miśraṇa-prādhānyena ca | ādyā bhaktair anuṣṭheyā dvitīyā jñānibhir iti kecid, anye tv ananyā bhaktir yathā-premṇaḥ sādhanaṃ tathā paramātmānubhavasyāpīti jñāpanārtham atra ṣaṭke 'py uktir iti bhaktā vyācakṣate | jñāninas tv ananyenaiva yogena sarvātma-dṛṣṭyeti | avyabhicāriṇī pratidinam eva kartavyā | kenāpi nivārayitum aśakyā iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ | ātmānam adhikṛtya vartamāṇaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam | tasya nityatvaṃ nityānuṣṭheyatvaṃ padārtha-śuddhi-niṣṭhatvam ity arthaḥ | tattva-jñānasyārthaḥ prayojanaṃ mokṣas tasya darśanaṃ svābhīṣṭatvenālocanam ity arthaḥ | etad viṃśatikaṃ jñānaṃ sādhāraṇyena jīvātma-paramātmanor jñānasya sādhanam | asādhāraṇaṃ paramātma-jñānaṃ tv agre vaktavyam | tato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ

baladevaḥ : athoktāt kṣetrād vibhinnatvena jñeyaṃ kṣetrajña-dvayaṃ vistareṇa nirūpayiṣyan taj-jñāna-sādhanāny amānitvādīni viṃśatim āha pañcabhiḥ | amānitvaṃ sva-satkārānapekṣatvam | adambhitvaṃ dhārmikatva-khāti-phalaka-dharmācaraṇa-virahaḥ | ahiṃsā parāpīḍanam | kṣāntir apamāna-sahiṣṇutā | ārjavam cchadmiṣv api sāralyam | ācāryopāsanaṃ jñāna-pradasya guror akaitavena saṃsevanam | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantara-pāvitryam |

śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā | mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti smṛteḥ |

sthairyaṃ sad-vartmaika-niṣṭhatvam | ātma-vinigrahaḥ ātmānusandhi-pratīpād viṣayān manaso niyamanam | indriyārtheṣu śabdādi-viṣayeṣu pratīpeṣu vairāgyaṃ rucy-abhāvaḥ | anahaṅkāro dehādiṣv ātmābhimāna-tyāgaḥ | janmādiṣu duḥkha-rūpasya doṣasyānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punaś cintanam | putrādiṣu paramārtha-pratīpeṣv asaktiḥ pīti-tyāgaḥ | anabhiṣvaṅgas teṣu sukhiṣu duḥkhiṣu ca satsu tat-sukha-duḥkhānabhiniveśaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭānām anukūla-pratikūlānām arthānām upapattiṣu prāptiṣu samacittatvaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-virahaḥ | nityaṃ sarvadā |

mayi parameśe 'vyābhicāriṇī sthirā bhaktiḥ śravaṇādyā | ananya-yogenaikāntitvena mad-bhakta-sevā | tathā vivikta-deśa-sevitvaṃ nirjana-sthāna-priyatā janānāṃ grāmyāṇāṃ saṃsadi rati-tyāgaḥ | adhyātmam ātmani yaj jñānaṃ tasya nityatvaṃ sarvadā vimṛśyatvam | tattvaṃ tv ahaṃ paraṃ brahma vadanti tattva-vidas tattvaṃ yaj jñānam advayam ity ādi smṛteḥ | taj jñānasya yo 'rthas tat-prāpti-lakṣaṇas tasya darśanaṃ hṛdi smaraṇam | etad amānitvādikaṃ jñānaṃ paramparayā sākṣāc ca tad-upalabdhi-sādhanaṃ proktam | jñāyate upalabhyate 'nena iti vyutpatteḥ | yat tato 'nyathā viparītaṃ mānitvādi tad ajñānaṃ

BhG 13.12

śrīdharaḥ : ebhiḥ sādhanair yaj jñeyaṃ tad āha jñeyam iti ṣaḍbhiḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ tat pravakṣyāmi | śrotur ādara-siddhaye jñāna-phalaṃ darśayati | yad vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñātvāmṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | kiṃ tat anādimat | ādiman na bhavati iti anādimat | paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma | anādi ity etāvataiva bahuvrīhiṇānādimattve siddhe 'pi punar matupaḥ prayogaś chāndasaḥ | yad vā anādīti mat-param iti ca pada-dvayam | mam viṣṇoḥ paraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ rūpaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | tad evāha na san tan nāsad ucyate | vidhi-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ sac-chabdenocyate | niṣedhaysa viṣayas tv asac-chabdenocyate | idaṃ tu tad-ubhaya-vilakṣaṇam | aviṣayatvād ity arthaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : ebhiḥ sādhanair jñāna-śabditaiḥ kiṃ jñeyam ity apekṣāyām āha jñeyaṃ yat tad ity ādi ṣaḍbhiḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ mumukṣuṇā tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa spaṣṭatayā vakṣyāmi | śrotur abhimukhīkaraṇāya phalena stuvann āha yad vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñeyaṃ jñātvāmṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute saṃsārān mucyata ity arthaḥ | kiṃ tat ? anādimat ādiman na bhavatīty anādimat | paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma sarvato 'navacchinnaṃ paramātma-vastu | atrānādīty etāvataiva bahu-vrīhiṇārtha-lābhe 'py atiśāyane nitya-yoge vā matupaḥ prayogaḥ | anādīti ca mat-param iti ca padaṃ kecid icchanti | mat saguṇād brahmaṇaḥ paraṃ nirviśeṣa-rūpaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | ahaṃ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktir yasyeti tv apavyākhyānam | nirviśeṣasya brahmaṇaḥ pratipādyatvena tatra śaktimattvasya avaktavyatvāt |

nirviśeṣatvam evāha na sat tan nāsad ucyate | vidhi-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ sac-chabdenocyate | niṣedha-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayas tv asac-chabdena | idaṃ tu tad-ubhaya-vilakṣaṇaṃ nirviśeṣatvāt sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpatvāc ca yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha [TaittU 2.4.1] ity ādi śruteḥ | yasmāt tad brahma na sad-bhāvatvāśrayaḥ | ato nocyate kenāpi śabdena mukhyayā vṛttyā śabda-pravṛtti-hetūnāṃ tatrāsambhavāt | tad yathā gauraś ca iti vā jātitaḥ | pacati paṭhatīti vā kriyātaḥ | śuklaḥ kṛṣṇa iti vā guṇataḥ, dhanī gomān iti vā saṃbandhato 'rthaṃ pratyāyati śabdaḥ | atra kriyā-guṇa-sambandhebhyo vilakṣaṇaḥ sarvo 'pi dharmo jāti-rūpa upādhi-rūpo vā jāti-padena saṃgṛhītaḥ | yadṛcchā-śabdo 'pi ḍittha-ḍapitthādir yaṃ kaṃcid dharmaṃ svātmānaṃ vā pravṛttiṃ nimittīkṛtya pravartata iti so 'pi jāti-śabdaḥ | evam ākāśa-śabdo 'pi tārkikāṇāṃ śabdāśrayatvādi-rūpaṃ yaṃ kaṃcid dharmaṃ puraskṛtya pravartate | sva-mate tu pṛthivyādivad ākāśa-vyaktīnāṃ janyānām anekatvād ākāśatvam api jātir eveti so 'pi jāti-śabdaḥ | ākāśātiriktā ca diṅ nāsty eva | kālaś ca neśvarād atiricyate | atireke vā dik-kāla-śabdāv apy upādhi-viśeṣa-pravṛtti-nimittakāv iti jāti-śabdāv eva | tasmāt pravṛtti-nimitta-cāturvidhyāc caturvidha eva śabdaḥ | tatra na sat tan nāsat iti jāti-niṣedhaḥ kriyā-guṇa-sambandhānām api niṣedhopalakṣaṇārthaḥ | ekam evādvitīyam iti jāti-niṣedhas tasyā aneka-vyakti-vṛtter ekasminn asambhavāt | nirguṇaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam [ŚvetU 6.19] iti guṇa-kriyā-sambandhānāṃ krameṇa niṣedhaḥ | asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ [BAU 4.3.15] iti ca | athāto ādeśo neti neti [BAU 2.3.6] iti ca sarva-niṣedhaḥ | tasmād brahma na kenacic chabdenocyata iti yuktam | tarhi kathaṃ pravakṣyāmīty uktaṃ kathaṃ vā śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtram [Vs 1.1.3] | yathā kathaṃcil lakṣaṇayā śabdena pratipādanād ii gṛhāṇa | pratipādana-prakāraś ca āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam [Gītā 2.28] ity atra vyākhyātaḥ | vistaras tu bhāṣye draṣṭavyaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ sādhanair jñeyo jīvātmā paramātmā ca | tatra paramātmaiva sarvagato brahma-śabdenocyate | tac ca brahma nirviśeṣaṃ saviśeṣaṃ ca krameṇa jñāni-bhaktayor upāsyam | deha-gato 'pi caturbhujatvena dhyeyaḥ paramātma-śabdenocyate | tatra prathamaṃ brahmāha jñeyam iti | anādi na vidyate ādir yasya mat-svarūpatvān nityam ity arthaḥ | mat-param aham eva para utkṛṣṭa āśrayo yasya tat | brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] iti mad-agrimokteḥ | tad eva kim ity apekṣāyām āha | tad brahma na sat nāpy asat, kārya-kāraṇātītam ity arthaḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ jñāna-sādhanāny upadiśya tair jñeyam upadiśati jñeyaṃ yat tad iti | uktaiḥ sādhanair yaj jñeyam upalabhyaṃ jīvātmavastu ca tad ahaṃ prakarṣeṇa subodhatayā vakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā jano 'mṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute labhate | tatra jīvātma-vastūpadiśati anādīty-ardhakena | nāsty ādir yasya tat jīvasyādy-utpattir nāsty ato 'not 'pi neti nityāsāv ity arthaḥ | evam āha śrutiḥ -- na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit [KaṭhU 1.2.18] ity ādyā | aham eva paraḥ svāmī yasya tat pradhāna-kṣetrajña-patir guṇeśaḥ [ŚvetU 6.16] iti śruteḥ | dāsabhūto harer eva nānyasyaiva kadācana iti smṛteś ca | apahata-pāpmatvādinā brahma bṛhatā guṇāṣṭakena viśiṣṭam | śrutiś caivam āha ya ātmāpahata-pāpmā vijaro vimṛtyur viśoko vijghitso 'pipāsaḥ satya-saṅkalpaḥ so 'nveṣṭavyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavyaḥ iti | jīve brahma-śabdas tu vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda [TaittU 2.5.1] ity ādi śruteḥ | sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate [Gītā 14.26] | brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā na śocati na kāṅkṣati [Gītā 18.55] iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca | na sad iti tad viśuddhaṃ jīvātma-vastu kārya-kāraṇātmakāvasthā-dvaya-virahāt sac cāsac ca nocyate | kintu paramāṇu-caitanyaṃ guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭam ucyate - vibhakta-nāma-rūpaṃ kāryāvasthaṃ sad-upamṛdita-nāma-rūpaṃ kāraṇāvasthaṃ tv asad ity arthaḥ ||12||

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BhG 13.13

śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ brahmaṇaḥ sad-asad-vilakṣaṇatve sati -- sarvaṃ khalv idaṃ brahma brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity ādi-śrutibhir virudhyeta ity āśaṅkya parāsya śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñāna-bala-kriyā ca ity ādi śruti-prasiddhayācintya-śaktyā sarvātmatāṃ tasya darśayann āha sarvata iti pañcabhiḥ | sarvataḥ sarvatra pāṇayaḥ pādāś ca yasya tat | sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya tat | sarvataḥ śrutimat śravaṇendriyair yuktaṃ sal-loke sarvam āvṛtya vyāpya tiṣṭhati | sarva-prāṇi-vṛttibhiḥ pāṇy-ādibhir upādhibhiḥ sarva-vyavahārāspadatvena tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ nirupādhikasya brahmaṇaḥ sac-chabda-pratyayāviṣayatvād asattvāśaṅkāyāṃ nāsad ity anenāpāstāyām api vistareṇa tad-āśaṅkā-nivṛtty-arthaṃ sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇa cetana-kṣetrajña-rūpatayā tad-astitvaṃ pratipādayann āha sarvata iti |

sarvataḥ sarveṣu deheṣu pāṇayaḥ pādāś cācetanāḥ sva-sva-vyāpāreṣu pravartanīyā ysays cetanasya kṣetrajṇasya tat sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ jñeyaṃ brahma | sarvācetana-pravṛttīnāṃ cetanādhiṣṭhāna-pūrvakatvāt tasmin kṣetrajñe cetane brahmaṇi jñeye sarvācetana-varga-pravṛtti-hetau nāsti nāstitāśaṅkety arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya pravartanīyāni santi tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukhaṃ | evaṃ sarvataḥ śrutayaḥ śravaṇendriyāṇi yasya pravartanīyatvena santa tat sarvataḥ śrutimat | loke sarva-prāṇi-nikāye | ekam eva nityaṃ vibhu ca sarvam acetanavargam āvṛtya sva-sattayā sphūrtyā cādhyāsikena sambandhena vyāpya tiṣṭhati nirvikāram eva sthitiṃ labhate, na tu svādhyastasya jaḍa-prapañcasya doṣeṇa guṇena vāṇu-mātreṇāpi sambadhyata ity arthaḥ | yathā ca sarveṣu deheṣv ekam eva cetanaṃ nityaṃ vibhu ca na pratidehaṃ bhinnaṃ tathā prapañcitaṃ prāk ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv evaṃ brahmaṇaḥ sad-asad-vilakṣaṇatve sati -- sarvaṃ khalv idaṃ brahma brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity ādi-śrutir virudhyeta ity āśaṅkya svarūpataḥ kārya-kāraṇātītatve 'pi śakti-śaktimator abhedāt kārya-kāraṇātmakam api tad ity āha sarvata eva pāṇayaḥ pādāś ca yasya tat | brahmādi-pipīlikāntānāṃ pāṇi-pāda-vṛndaiḥ sarvatra dṛṣṭair eva tad brahmaivāsaṅkhya-pāṇi-pādair yuktm ity arthaḥ | evam eva sarvato 'kṣīty ādi |13||

baladevaḥ : atha paramātma-vastūpadiśati sarvataḥ pāṇīti | tat paramātmavastu | sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādam ity ādi visphuṭārtham ||13||

BhG 13.14

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ casarvendriyeti | sarveṣāṃ cakṣur-ādīnāṃ guṇeṣu rūpādy-ākārāsu vṛttiṣu tat-tad-ākāreṇa bhāsate iti tathā | sarvendriyāṇi guṇāṃś ca tat-tad-viṣayān ābhāsayatīti vā | sarvaiḥ indriyair vivarjitaṃ ca | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ ity ādiḥ | asaktaṃ saṅga-śūnyam | tathāpi sarvaṃ bibhartīti sarvasyādhārabhūtam | tad eva nirguṇaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-rahitaṃ | guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ bhoktṛ pālakam ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhyāropāpavādābhyāṃ niṣprapañcaṃ prapañcyate iti nyāyam anusṛtya sarva-prapañcādhyāropeṇānādi-mat paraṃ brahmeti vyākhyātam adhunā tad-apavādena na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti vyākhyātum ārabhate nirupādhi-svarūpa-jñānāya sarvendriyeti | paramārthataḥ sarvendriya-vivarjitaṃ tan-māyayā sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarveṣāṃ bahiṣkaraṇānāṃ śrotrādīnām antaḥkaraṇayoś ca buddhi-manasor guṇair adhyavasāya-saṅkalpa-śravaṇa-vacanādibhis tat-tad-viṣaya-rūpatayāvabhāsata iva sarvendriya-vyāpārair vyāpṛtam iva taj jñeyaṃ brahma dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti śruteḥ | atra dhyānaṃ buddhīndriya-vyāpāropalakṣaṇam | lelāyanaṃ calanaṃ karmendriya-vyāpāropalakṣaṇārtham |

tathā paramārthato 'saktaṃ sarva-sambandha-śūnyam eva, māyayā sarva-bhṛc ca sadātmanā sarvaṃ kalpitaṃ dhārayatīva poṣayatīti ca sarva-bhṛt, niradhiṣṭhāna-bhramāyogāt | tathā paramārthato nirguṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-rahitam eva | guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ śabdādi-dvārā sukha-duḥkha-mohākāreṇa pariṇatānāṃ bhoktṛ upalabdhṛ ca taj jñeyaṃ brahmety arthaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvāṇi indriyāṇi guṇān indriya-viṣayāṃś ca ābhāsayatīti tac cakṣuṣaś cakṣuḥ ity ādi śruteḥ | yad vā sarvendriyair guṇaiḥ śabdādibhiś cābhāsate virājatīti tat | tad api sarvendriya-vivarjitaṃ prākṛtendriyādi-rahitam | tathā ca śrutiḥ - apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ ity ādi | parāsya śaktir bahudhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñāna-bala-kriyā ca iti śruti-prasiddha-svarūpa-śaktyāspadatvād iti bhāvaḥ | asaktaṃ āsakti-śūnyaṃ sarvabhṛt śrī-viṣṇu-svarūpeṇa sarva-pālakam | nirguṇaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-rahitākāram | kiṃ ca guṇa-bhoktṛ triguṇātīta-bhaga-śabda-vācā ṣaḍ-guṇāsvādakam ||14||

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca sarveti sarvair indriyair guṇaiś ca tad-vṛttibhir ābhāsate dīpyata iti tathā sarvair indriyair jīvendriyavat svarūpa-bhinnair vivarjitaṃ santyaktaṃ prākṛtaiḥ karaṇaiḥ śūnyaḥ svarūpānubandhibhis tair viśiṣṭo harir iti svīkāryam | apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ | yad ātmako bhagavāṃs tad-ātmikā vyaktiḥ kim ātmako bhagavān jñānātmaka aiśvaryātmakaḥ śaktyātmakaś ceti buddhimano 'ṅga-pratyaṅgavattāṃ bhagavato lakṣayāmahe buddhimān mano-bāṇaṅga-pratyaṅgavān iti śruteḥ | sarvabhṛt sarva-tattva-dhārakam apy asaktaṃ saṅkalpenaiva tad-dhāraṇāt tat-sparśa-rahitaṃ nirguṇaṃ sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca iti śruter māyā-guṇa-spṛṣṭam eva sad-guṇa-bhoktṛ-niyamyatayā guṇanubhavi-vikāra-jananīm ajñām ity ārabhya

ekas tu pibate devaḥ svacchando 'tra vaśānugām | dhyāna-kriyābhyāṃ bhagavān bhuṅkte 'sau prasabhaṃ vibhuḥ || iti śravaṇāt ||14||

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BhG 13.15

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ carācarāṇāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca tad eva suvarṇam iva kaṭaka-kuntalādīnām | jala-taraṅgāṇām antar-bahiś ca jalam iva | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāraṇātmatvāt kāryasya | evam api sūkṣmatvād rūpādi-hīnatvād tad avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ataevāviduṣāṃ yojana-lakṣāntaritam iva dūrasthaṃ ca | savikārāyāḥ prakṛteḥ paratvāt | viduṣāṃ punaḥ pratyag-ātmatvād antike ca tan nityaṃ sannihitam | tathā ca mantraḥ --

tad ejati tan naijati tad-dūre tad vāntike | tad-antarasya sarvasya

ejati calati naijati na calati | tad u antike iti cchedaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : bhūtānāṃ bhavana-dharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ kāryāṇāṃ kalpitānām akalpitam adhiṣṭhānam ekam eva bahir antaś ca rajjur iva sva-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārādīnāṃ sarvātmanā vyāpakam ity arthaḥ | ata evācaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ ca jañgamaṃ bhūta-jātaṃ tad evādhiṣṭhānātmakatvāt | kalpitānāṃ na tataḥ kiṃcid vyatiricyata ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvātmaktve 'pi sūkṣmtvād rūpādi-hīnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idam evam iti spaṣṭa-jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ata evātma-jñāna-sādhana-śūnyānāṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aprāpyatvād dūrasthaṃ ca yojana-lakṣa-koṭy-antaritam iva tat | jñāna-sādhana-sampannānāṃ tu antike ca tad atyavyavahitam evātmatvāt | dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike paśatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhūtānāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca yathā dehānām ākāśādikam | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāryasya kāraṇātmakatvāt | evam api rūpādibhinnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavatīty ata evāviduṣāṃ yojana-koṭy-antaram iva dūrasthaṃ viduṣāṃ punaḥ sva-gṛha-sthitam evāntike ca tat svadeha evāntaryāmitvāt dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike ca paśyatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ ||15||

baladevaḥ : bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ cij-jaḍātmakānāṃ tattvānāṃ bahir antaś ca sthitam | antar bahiś ca tat sarvaṃ vyāpya nārāyaṇaḥ sthitaḥ [MNāU 13.5] iti śravaṇāt | acaram acalaṃ caraṃ calaṃ ca āsīno dūraṃ vrajati śayāno yāti sarvataḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.21] iti śruteḥ | sūkṣmatvāt pratyaktvāc cit-sukha-mūrtitvād avijñeyaṃ devatāntaravaj jñātum aśakyam | ato dūrasthaṃ ceti yan manasā na manute na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainam [ŚvetU 4.20] iti śruteḥ | gāndharva-vāsitena śrotreṇa ṣaḍ-jādivad bhakti-bhāvitena karaṇena tu śakyaṃ taj jñātum ity āha antike ca tad iti | manasīvānudraṣṭavyam, kaścid dhīraḥ pratyag-ātmānam aikṣata | bhakti-yoge hi tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.78] ity ādi śravaṇāt | bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakyaḥ [Gītā 11.55] ity ādi smṛteś ca ||15||

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BhG 13.16

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca -- avibhaktam iti | bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu avibhaktaṃ kāraṇātmanābhinnaṃ kāryātmanā vibhaktaṃ bhinnam ivāvasthitaṃ ca samudrāj jātaṃ phenādi samudrād anyan na bhavati | tat-svarūpam evoktaṃ jñeyaṃ bhūtānāṃ bhartṛ ca poṣakaṃ sthiti-kāle | pralaya-kāle ca grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlaṃ sṛṣṭi-kāle ca prabhaviṣṇu nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlam ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : yad uktam ekam eva sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhatīti tad vivṛṇoti pratideham ātma-bheda-vādināṃ nirāsāya avibhaktam iti | bhūteṣu sarva-prāṇiṣu avibhaktam abhinnam ekam eva tat | na tu pratidehaṃ bhinnaṃ vyomavat sarva-vyāpakatvāt | tathāpi deha-tādātmyena pratīyamānatvāt pratidehaṃ vibhaktam iva ca sthitam | aupādikatvenāpāramārthiko vyomnīva tatra bhedāvabhāsa ity arthaḥ |

nanu bhavatu kṣetrajñaḥ sarva-vyāpaka ekaḥ, brahma tu jagat-kāraṇaṃ tato bhinnam eveti | nety āha bhūta-bhartṛ ca bhūtāni sarvāṇi sthiti-kāle bibhartīti tathā pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlam utpatti-kāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavana-śīlaṃ sarvasya | yathā rajjv-ādiḥ sarpāder māyā-kalpitasya | tasmād yaj jagataḥ sthiti-layotpatti-kāraṇaṃ brahma tad eva kṣetrajñaṃ pratideham ekaṃ jñeyaṃ na tato 'nyad ity arthaḥ ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu avibhaktaṃ kāraṇātmanā abhinnaṃ kāryātmanā vibhaktaṃ bhinnam ivā sthitaṃ | tad eva śrī-nārāyaṇa-svarūpaṃ sat | bhūtānāṃ bhartṛ sthiti-kāle pālakaṃ | pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu saṃhārakam | sṛṣṭikāle prabhaviṣṇu ca nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlam ||16||

baladevaḥ : avibhaktam iti | vibhakteṣu mitho bhinneṣu jīveṣv avibhaktam ekaṃ tad brahma vibhaktam iva prati-jīvaṃ bhinnam iva sthitam | ekaṃ santaṃ bahudhā dṛśyamānam iti śruteḥ |

eka eva paro viṣṇuḥ sarvatrāpi na saṃśayaḥ | aiśvaryād rūpam ekaṃ ca sūryavad bahudheyate || iti smṛteś ca |

tac ca bhūta-bhartṛ-sthitau bhūtānāṃ pālakaṃ pralaye teṣāṃ grasiṣṇu kāla-śaktyā saṃhārakaṃ, sarge prabhaviṣṇu pradhāna-jīva-śaktibhyāṃ nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlaṃ | śrutiś ca yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante yena jātāni jīvanti yat prayanty abhisaṃviśanti tad brahma tad vijijñāsasva [TaittU 3.1.1] iti ||16||

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BhG 13.17

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca jyotiṣām apīti | jyotiṣāṃ sūryādīnām api jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ tat | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ |

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ | tad eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ

ataeva tamaso 'jñānāt paraṃ tenāsaṃsṛṣṭam ucyate | āditya-varṇaṃ tamsasaḥ parastāt ity ādi-śruteḥ | jñānaṃ ca tad eva buddhi-vṛttau abhivyaktam | tad eva rūpādy-ākāreṇa jñeyaṃ ca jñāna-gamyaṃ ca | amānitvādi-lakṣaṇena pūrvokta-jñāna-sādhanena prāpyam ity arthaḥ | jñāna-gamyaṃ viśinaṣṭi sarvasya prāṇimātrasya hṛdi viṣṭhitaṃ viśeṣeṇāpracyuta-svarūpeṇa niyantṛtayā sthitam | dhiṣṭhitam iti pāṭhe adhiṣṭāya sthitim ity arthaḥ |

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarvatra vidyamānam api tan nopalabhyate cet tarhi jaḍam eva syāt, na syāt svayaṃjyotiṣo 'pi tasya rūpādi-hīnatvenendriyādy-agrāhyatvopapatter ity āha jyotiṣām iti | taj jñeyaṃ brahma jyotiṣām avabhāsakānām ādityādīnāṃ buddhy-ādīnāṃ ca bāhyānām āntarāṇām api jyotir avabhāsakaṃ caityanya-jyotiṣo jaḍa-jyotir-avabhāsakatvopapatteḥ | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ | tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [KaṭhU 2.5.15] ity ādi-śruteś ca | vakṣyati ca yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.8] ity ādi |

svayaṃ jaḍatvābhāve 'pi jaḍa-saṃsṛṣṭaṃ syād iti nety āha tamaso jaḍa-vargāt param avidyā-tat-kāryābhyām apāramārthikābhyām asaṃspṛṣṭaṃ pāramārthikaṃ tad brahma sad-asatoḥ sambandhāyogāt | ucyate akṣarāt parataḥ paraḥ ity ādi-śrutibhir brahma-vādibhiś ca | tad uktam -

āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt iti śruteś ca | āditya-varṇam iti sva-bhāne prakāśāntarānapekṣaṃ sarvasya prakāśakam ity arthaḥ | yasmāt tat svayaṃ jyotir jaḍāsaṃspṛṣṭam ata eva taj jñānaṃ pramāṇa-janya-ceto-vṛtty-abhivyakta-saṃvid-rūpam | ata eva tad eva jñeyaṃ jātum arham ajñātatvāj jaḍasyājñātatvābhāvena jñātum anarhatvāt | kathaṃ tarhi sarvair na jñāyate tatrāha jñāna-gamyaṃ pūrvoktenāmānitvādinā tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntena sādhana-kalāpena jñāna-hetutayā jñāna-śabditena gamyaṃ prāpyaṃ na tu tad vinety arthaḥ |

nanu sādhanena gamyaṃ cet tat kiṃ deśāntara-vyavahitam ? nety āha hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitaṃ sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya hṛdi buddhau viṣṭhitaṃ sarvatra sāmānyena sthitam api viśeṣa-rūpeṇa tatra sthitam abhivyaktaṃ jīva-rūpeṇāntaryāmi-rūpeṇa ca | sauraṃ teja ivādarśa-sūrya-kāntādau | avyavahitam eva vastuto bhrāntyā vyavahitam iva sarva-bhrama-kāraṇājñāna-nivṛttyā prāpyata ivety arthaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : jyotiṣāṃ candrādityānām api taj jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ |

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ | tad eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ

ata eva tamaso 'jñānāt paraṃ tenāsaṃsṛṣṭam ucyate | āditya-varṇaṃ tamsasaḥ parastāt ity ādi-śruteḥ | jñānaṃ tad eva buddhi-vṛttau abhivyaktaṃ sat jñānam ucyate | tad eva rūpādy-ākāreṇa pariṇataṃ jñeyaṃ ca | tad eva jñāna-gamyaṃ pūrvoktenāmānitvādi-jñāna-sādhanena prāpyam ity arthaḥ | tad eva paramātma-svarūpaṃ sat sarvasya prāṇimātrasya hṛdi dhiṣṭhitaṃ niyantṛtayādhbiṣṭhāya sthitam ity arthaḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : jyotiṣāṃ sūrydīnām api tad brahma jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ |

ity ādi-śrutes tad brahma | tad brahma tamasaḥ prakṛteḥ paraṃ tenāspṛṣṭam ucyate āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt [ŚvetU 3.8] ity śrutyā | jñānaṃ cid-eka-rasam ucyate vijñānam ānanda-ghanaṃ brahma [GTU 2.79?] iti śrutyā | jñānaṃ mumukṣoḥ śaraṇatvena jñātum arham ucyate taṃ ha devam ātma-buddhi-prakāśaṃ mumukṣur vai śaraṇam ahaṃ prapadye [GTU 1.25] iti śrutyā | jñāna-gamyam ucyate tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śrutyā | sarvasya prāṇi-mātrasya hṛdi dhiṣṭhitaṃ niyantṛtayādhiṣṭhāya sthitam ity ucyate antaḥ-praviṣṭaḥ śāstā janānām [TaittĀ 3.11.10] iti śrutyā | na ca sarvataḥ pāṇīty ādi pañcakaṃ jīva-paratayaiva neyaṃ tat-prakaraṇatvādi-vācyaṃ jīvavad īśvarasyāpi kṣetrajñatvena prakṛtatvāt | sarvataḥ pāṇīty ādi-sārdhakasya brahmaivopakramya śvetāśvataraiḥ paṭhitvāt prakaraṇa-śāvalyasyopaniṣatsu vīkṣaṇāc ca ||17||

BhG 13.18

śrīdharaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāri-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati itīti | ity enaṃ kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antam | tathā jñānaṃ cāmānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam | jñeyaṃ cānādimat paraṃ brahmety ādi viṣṭhitam ity antam | vasiṣṭhādibhir vistareṇoktaṃ sarvam api mayā saṅkṣepeṇoktam | etac ca katham | pūrvādhyāyokta-lakṣaṇo mad-bhakto vijñāya mad-bhāvāya brahmatvāyopapadyate yogyo bhavati ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāriṇaṃ phalaṃ ca vadann upasaṃharati itīti | iti anena pūrvoktena prakāreṇa kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ, tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattva-jñānārtha-darśana-paryantaṃ, jñeyaṃ cānādimat paraṃ brahma viṣṭhitam ity antaṃ śrutibhyaḥ smṛtibhyaś cākṛṣya trayam api manda-buddhy-anugrahāya mayā saṃkṣepenoktam | etāvān eva hi sarvo vedārtho gītārthaś ca | asmiṃś ca pūrvādhyāyokta-lakṣaṇo mad-bhakta evādhikārīty āha -- mad-bhakto mayi bhagavati vāsudeve parama-gurau samarpita-sarvātma-bhāvo mad-eka-śaraṇaḥ sa etad yathoktaṃ kṣetraṃ jñānaṃ ca jñeyaṃ ca vijñāya vivekena viditvā mad-bhāvāya sarvānartha-śūnya-paramānanda-bhāvāya mokṣāyopapadyate mokṣaṃ prāptuṃ yogyo bhavati |

yasya deve parā bhaktiḥ yathā deve tathā gurau |

viśvanāthaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāri-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati itīti | kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi dhṛty-antam | jñānam amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam | jñeyaṃ jñāna-gamyaṃ ca anādīty ādi dhiṣṭhitam ity antam | ekam eva tattvaṃ brahma bhagavat-paramātma-śabda-vācyaṃ ca saṅkṣepeṇoktam | mad-bhakto bhaktimaj jñānī mad-bhāvāya mat-sāyujyāya | yad vā mad-bhakto mamaikāntiko dāsa etad vijñāya mat-prabhor etāvad aiśvaryam iti jñātvā mayi bhāvāya premṇa upapadyata upapanno bhavati ||18||

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikaṃ taj-jñāna-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati iti kṣetram iti | mahā-bhūtāni ity ādinā cetanā dhṛtir ity antena kṣetra-svarūpam uktam | amānitvam ity ādinā tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam ity antena jñeyasya kṣetra-dvayasya jñānaṃ tat-sādhanam uktam | anādi mat-param ity ādinā hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ity antena jñeyaṃ kṣetrajña-dvayaṃ coktaṃ mayā | etat trayaṃ vijñāya mitho vivekenāvagatya mad-bhāvāya mat-premṇe mat-svabhāvāya vāsaṃsāritvāya kalpate yogye bhavati mad-bhaktaḥ ||18||

BhG 13.19

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk cety etāvat prapañcitam | idānīṃ tu yad vikāri yataś ca yat sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś cety etat pūrvaṃ pratijñātam eva prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-hetukatva-kathanena prapañcayati prakṛtim iti pañcabhiḥ | tatra prakṛti-puruṣayor ādimatve tayor api prakṛty-antareṇa bhāvyam ity anavasthāpattiḥ syāt | atas tāv ubhāv anādī viddhi | anāder īśvarasya śaktitvāt prakṛter anāditvam | puruṣe 'pi tad-aṃśatvād anādir eva | atra ca parameśvarasya tac-chaktīnām anāditvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca śrīmac-chaṅkara-bhagavad-bhāṣya-kṛdbhir atiprabandhenopapāditam iti grantha-bāhulyān nāsmābhiḥ pratanyate | vikārāṃś ca dehendriyādīn

madhusūdanaḥ : tad anena granthena tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca ity etad vyākhyātam | idānīṃ yad-vikāri yataś ca yat sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś ca ity etāvad vyākhyātavyam | tatra prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-hetutva-kathanena yad-vikāri yataś ca yad iti prakṛtim ity ādi dvābhyāṃ prapañcyate | sa ca yo yat prabhāvaś ca iti tu puruṣa ity ādi dvyābhyām iti vivekaḥ | tatra saptama īśvarasya dve prakṛtī parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe upanyasya etad-yonīni bhūtāni [Gītā 7.7] ity uktam | tatrāparā prakṛtiḥ kṣetra-lakṣaṇā parā tu jīva-lakṣaṇeti tayor anāditvam uktvā tad-ubhaya-yonitvaṃ bhūtānām ucyate prakṛtim iti |

prakṛtir māyākhyā triguṇātmikā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ kṣetra-lakṣaṇā yā prāg aparā prakṛtir ity uktā | yā tu parā prakṛtir jīvākhyā prāg uktā sa iha puruṣa ity ukta iti na pūrvāpara-virodhaḥ | prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ cobhāv api anādī eva viddhi | na vidyate ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yayos tau | tathā prakṛter anāditvaṃ sarva-jagat-kāraṇatvāt | tasyā api kāraṇa-sāpekṣatve 'navasthā-prasaṅgāt | puruṣasyānāditvaṃ tad-dharmādharma-prayuktatvāt kṛtsnasya jagataḥ jātasya harṣa-śoka-bhaya-sampratipatteḥ | anyathā kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgāt | yataḥ prakṛtir anādir atas tasyā bhūta-yonitvam uktaṃ prāg upapadyata ity āha vikārāṃś ca ṣoḍaśa

iti mad-ukter māyā-jīvayor api mac-chaktitvena anāditvāt tayoḥ saṃśleṣo 'pi anādir iti bhāvaḥ | tatra mithaḥ saṃśliṣṭayor api tayor vastutaḥ pārthakyam asti eva ity āha vikārāṃś ca dehendriyādīn guṇāṃś ca guṇa-pariṇāmān sukha-duḥkha-śoka-mohādīn prakṛti-sambhūtān prakṛty-udbhūtān viddhīti kṣetrākāra-pariṇatāyāḥ prakṛteḥ sakāśād bhinnam eva jīvaṃ viddhīti bhāvaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ mitho vivikta-svabhāvayor anādyoḥ prakṛti-jīvayoḥ saṃsargasyānādi-kālikatvaṃ saṃsṛṣṭayos tayoḥ kārya-bhedas tat-saṃsargasyānādi-kālikasya hetuś ca nirūpyate prakṛtim ity ādibhiḥ | apir avadhṛtau | mithaḥ sampṛktau prakṛti-puruṣāv ubhāv anādyeva viddhi madīya-śaktitvān nityāv eva jānīhi | tayor mac-chaktitvaṃ tu puraivoktaṃ bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādinā | anādi-saṃsṛṣṭayor api tayoḥ svarūpa-bhedo 'stīty āśayenāh vikārān dehendriyādīn | guṇāṃś sukha-duḥkhāni prakṛti-sambhavān prākṛtān na tu jaivān viddhīti kṣetrātmanā pariṇatāyāḥ prakṛter anyo jīva iti darśitam ||19||

BhG 13.20

śrīdharaḥ : vikārāṇāṃ prakṛti-sambhavatvaṃ darśayan puruṣasya saṃsāra-hetutvaṃ darśayati kāryeti | kāryaṃ śarīram | kāraṇāni sukha-duḥkha-sādhanānīndriyāṇi | teṣāṃ kartṛtve tad-ākāra-pariṇāme prakṛtir hetur ucyate kapilādibhiḥ | puruṣo jīvas tu tat-kṛta-sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yadyapi acetanāyāḥ prakṛteḥ svataḥ-kartṛtvaṃ na sambhavati tathā puruṣasyāpy avikāriṇo bhoktṛtvaṃ na sambhavati | tathāpi kartṛtvaṃ nāma kriyā-nirvartakatvam | tac cācetanasyāpi cetanādṛṣṭa-vaśāt caitanyādhiṣṭhitatvāt sambhavati yathā vahner ūrdhva-jvalanaṃ vayos tiryag gamanaṃ vatsādṛṣṭa-vaśāt gostanya-payasaḥ kṣaraṇam ity ādi | ataḥ puruṣa-sannidhānāt prakṛteḥ kartṛtvam ucyate bhoktṛtvaṃ ca sukha-duḥkha-saṃvedanaṃ, tac ca cetana-dharma eveti prakṛti-sannidhānāt puruṣasya bhoktṛtvam ucyate iti ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : vikārāṇāṃ prakṛti-sambhavattvaṃ vivecayan puruṣasya saṃsāra-hetutvaṃ darśayati kāryeti | kāryaṃ śarīraṃ karaṇānīndriyāṇi tat-sthāni trayodaśa dehārambhakāṇi bhūtāni viṣayāś ceha kārya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | guṇāś ca sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇa-grahaṇena gṛhyante | teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ kartṛtve tad-ākāra-pariṇāme hetuḥ kāraṇam prakṛtir ucyate maharṣibhiḥ | kārya-karaṇeti dīrgha-pāṭhe 'pi sa evārthaḥ | evaṃ prakṛteḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇatvaṃ vyākhyāya puruṣasyāpi yādṛśaṃ tat tad āha puruṣo kṣetrajñaḥ parā prakṛtir iti prāg vyākhyātaḥ | sa sukha-duḥkhānāṃ sukha-duḥkha-mohānāṃ bhogyānāṃ sarveṣām api bhoktṛtve vṛtty-uparaktopalambhe hetur ucyate ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : tasya māyā-saṃśleṣaṃ darśayati | kāryaṃ śarīram | kāraṇāni sukha-duḥkha-sādhanānīndriyāṇi | kartāra indriyādhiṣṭhātāro devās tatra tathādhyāsena puruṣa-saṃsargāt kāryādi-rūpeṇa pariṇatā syād avidyākhyayā sva-vṛttyā tad-adhyāsa-pradā ca syād ity arthaḥ | tat-kṛta-sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve puruṣo jīva eva hetuḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yadyapi kāryatva-kāraṇatva-kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvāni prakṛti-dharmā eva syus tad api kāryatvādiṣu jaḍāṃśa-prādhānyāt, sukha-duḥkha-saṃvedana-rūpe bhoge tu caitanyāṃśa-prādhānyāt | prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavantīti nyāyāt kāryatvādiṣu prakṛtir hetuḥ | bhoktṛtve puruṣo hetur ity ucyate iti ||20||

baladevaḥ : atha saṃsṛṣṭayos tayoḥ kārya-bhedam āha kāryeti śarīraṃ kāryaṃ jñāna-karma-sādhakatvād indriyāṇi kāraṇāni teṣāṃ kartṛtve tat-tad-ākāra-sva-pariṇāme prakṛtir hetuḥ | puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi ity agrimāt sva-saṃsargeṇa sacetanāṃ prakṛtiṃ puruṣo 'dhitiṣṭhati | tad-adhiṣṭhitā tu sā tat-karmāṇu-guṇyena pariṇamamānā tat-tad-dehādīnāṃ sraṣṭrīti prakṛtyārpitānāṃ sukhādīnāṃ bhoktṛtve puruṣo hetus teṣāṃ bhoge sa eva kartey arthaḥ | prakṛty-adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ sukhādi-bhoktṛtvaṃ ca puruṣasya kāryam | tac ca śarīrādi-kartṛtvaṃ tu tad-adhiṣṭhātāyāḥ prakṛter iti puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvaṃ mukhyam | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ kartā śāstrārthavattvāt ity ādibhiḥ | pareśasya harer adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ tu sarvatrāvarjanīyam ity uktaṃ vakṣyate ca ||20||

BhG 13.21

śrīdharaḥ : tathāpy avikāriṇo janma-rahitasya ca bhoktṛtvaṃ katham iti | ata āha puruṣa iti | hi yasmāt | prakṛti-sthas tat-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaḥ puruṣaḥ | atas taj-janitān sukha-duḥkhādīn bhuṅkte | asya ca puruṣasya satīṣu devādi-yoniṣu asatīṣu tiryag-ādi-yoniṣu yāni janmāni teṣu guṇa-saṅgo guṇaiḥ śubhāśubha-karma-kāribhir indriyaiḥ saṅgaḥ kāraṇam ity arthaḥ ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : yat puruṣasya sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvaṃ tādātmyenopagataḥ prakṛti-stho hy eva puruṣo bhuṅkte upalabhate prakṛti-jān guṇān | ataḥ prakṛti-ja-guṇopalambha-hetuṣu sad-asad-yoni-janmasu sad-yonayo devādyās teṣu hi sāttvikam iṣataṃ phalaṃ bhujyate | asad-yonayaḥ paśv-ādyās teṣu hi tāmasam aniṣṭaṃ phalaṃ bhujyate | atas tan nāsya puruṣasya guṇa-saṅgaḥ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇātmaka-prakṛti-tādātmyābhimāna eva kāraṇam | na tv asaṅgasya tasya svataḥ saṃsāra ity arthaḥ | athavā guṇa-saṅgo guṇeṣu śabdādiṣu sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakeṣu saṅgo 'bhilāṣaḥ kāma iti yāvat | sa evāsya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu kāraṇam sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat kratur bhavati yat kratur bhavati tat karma kurute yat karma kurute tad abhisampadyate [BAU 4.4.5] iti śruteḥ | asminn api pakṣe mūla-kāraṇatvena prakṛti-tādātmyābhimāno draṣṭavyaḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : kintu tatra anādy-avidyā-kṛtenādhyāsena eva karṭrva-bhoktṛtvādikaṃ tadīyam api dharmaṃ svīyaṃ manyate | tata evāsya saṃsāra ity āha puruṣa iti | prakṛtisthaḥ prakṛti-kārya-dehe tādātmyena hi sthitaḥ | prakṛtijān antaḥkaraṇa-dharmān śoka-moha-sukha-duḥkhādīn guṇān svīyān eva abhimanyamāno bhuṅkte | tatra kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ | guṇamaya-deheṣu asyāsaṅgasyāpy ātmanaḥ saṅgo 'vidyā-kalpitaḥ | kva bhuṅkte ity apekṣāyām āha satīṣu devādi-yoniṣu asatīṣu tiryag-ādi-yoniṣu śubhāśubha-karma-kṛtāsu yāni janmāni teṣu ||21||

baladevaḥ : prakṛty-adhiṣṭhāne sikhādibhoge ca puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam ity etat sphuṭayati tasya prakṛti-saṃsarge hetuṃ ca darśayati puruṣa iti | cit-sukhaika-raso 'pi puruṣo 'nādikarma-vāsanayā prakṛtisthas tām adhiṣṭhita-tat-kṛta-dehendriyaḥ prāna-viśiṣṭaḥ sann eva tat-kṛtān guṇān sukhādīn bhuṅkte 'nubhavati kvety āha sad iti | satīṣu deva-mānavādiṣv asatīṣu paśu-pakṣy-ādiṣu ca sādhv-asādhu-racitāsu yoniṣu yāni janmādīni teṣv iti tatra tatra puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam |

tat-saṃsarge hetum āha kāraṇam iti | guṇo 'saṅgo 'nādi-guṇa-maya-visaya-spṛhā | ayam arthaḥ anādir jīvaḥ karma-rūpāṇādivāsanāraktaḥ | sa ca bhoktṛtvād bhogyān viṣayān spṛhayaṃs tad-arpita-kāmanādi-sannihitāṃ prakṛtim āśrayiṣyati yāvat sat-prasaṅgāt tat-tad-vāsanā kṣīyate | tat-kṣaye tu parātma-dhāma-sukhāni bhuṅkte so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā ity ādi śrutibhya iti | yat tu prakṛter ity ādeḥ kārya-kāraṇety ādeḥ prakṛtyaiva cety āder nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ ity ādeś cāpātatārtha-grāhibhiḥ sāṅkhyaiḥ prakṛter eva kartṛtvam uktaṃ, tat kila rabhasābhidhānam eva loṣṭra-kāṣṭhavad acetanāyās tasyās tattva-sambhāvāt | upādānāparokṣa-cikīrṣākṛtimattvaṃ khalu kartṛtvaṃ, tac ca cetanasyaiveti śrutir āha - vijñānaṃ yajñaṃ tanute karmāṇi tanute 'pi ca | eṣa hi draṣṭā spraṣṭā śrotā rasayitā ghrātā mantā boddhā kartā nijñānātmā puruṣaḥ ity ādikam |

yac ca puruṣa-sannidhānāc caitanyādhyāsāt tasyās tattvam ity āhus tan na | yat sannidhyadhasta-caitanyāt tasyāḥ kartṛtvaṃ tat tasyaiva sannihitasyeti suvacatvāt | na khalu tapāyaso dagdhṛtvam ayo-hetukam api tu vahni-hetukam eva dṛṣṭam | na ca calati jalaṃ phalati tarur itivaj jaḍāyās tasyās tattva-siddhir jalādiṣv antaryāmy-adhiṣṭhitatveneṣṭāsiddher vidhāyaka-śruti-vyākopāc caited evam | na hi jaḍa-prakṛtim uddiśya svargādi-phalakaṃ jyotiṣṭomādi-mokṣa-phalakaṃ dhyānaṃ ca smṛtir vidhatte 'pi tu cetanam eva bhoktāram uddiśyeti puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam | tac ca prakṛter iti yad uktaṃ tat tu tad-vṛtti-prācuryād eva yathā kareṇa bibhrati puruṣe karo bibhartīti vyapadeśas tathā prakṛtyā

BhG 13.22

śrīdharaḥ : tad anena prakāreṇa prakṛty-avivekād eva puruṣasya saṃsāraḥ | na tu svarūpataḥ | ity āśayena tasya svarūpam āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin prakṛti-kārye dehe vartamāno 'pi puruṣaḥ paro bhinna eva | na tad-guṇair yujyata ity arthaḥ | tatra hetavaḥ yasmād upadraṣṭā pṛthag-bhūta eva samīpe sthitvā draṣṭā sākṣīty arthaḥ | tathā anumantā anumoditaiva sannidhi-mātreṇānugrāhakaḥ | sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī] ity ādi śruteḥ | tathā aiśvaryeṇa rūpeṇa bhartā vidhāyaka iti coktaḥ | bhoktā pālaka iti ca | mahāṃś cāsau īśvaraś ca sa brahmādīnām api patir iti ca paramātmā vāntaryāmīti coktaḥ śrutyā | tathā ca śrutiḥ eṣa sarveśvara evsa bhūtādhipatir loka-pālaḥ ity ādi ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ prakṛti-mithyā-tādātmyāt puruṣasya saṃsāro na svarūpeṇety uktam | kīdṛśaṃ punas tasya svarūpaṃ yatra na sambhavati saṃsāraḥ ? ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ tasya svarūpaṃ sākṣān nirdiśann āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin prakṛti-pariṇāme dehe jīva-rūpeṇa vartamāno 'pi puruṣaḥ paraḥ prakṛti-guṇāsaṃsṛṣṭaḥ paramārthato 'saṃsārī svena rūpeṇety artahḥ | yata upadraṣṭā yatha ṛtvig-yajamāneṣu yajña-karma-vyāpṛteṣu tat-samīpastho 'nyaḥ svayam avyāpṛto yajña-vidyā-kuśalatvād ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-guṇa-doṣāṇām īkṣitā,

athavā, deha-cakṣur-mano-buddhy-ātmāno draṣṭṛṣu madhye bāhyān dehādīn apekṣyātyavyavahito draṣṭātmā puruṣa upadraṣṭā | upa-śabdasya sāmīpyārthatvāt tasya cāvyavadhāna-rūpasya pratyag-ātmany eva paryavasānāt |

anumantā ca kārya-karaṇa-pravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto 'pi pravṛtta iva saṃnidhi-mātreṇa tad-anukūlatvād anumantā | athavā, sva-vyāpāreṣu pravṛttān dehendriyādīn na nivārayati kadācid api tat-sākṣi-bhūtaḥ puruṣa ity anumantā | sākṣī cetā [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī] iti śruteḥ | bhartā

bhartā dehendriya-mano-buddhīnāṃ saṃhatānāṃ caitanyābhāsa-viśiṣṭānāṃ sva-sattayā sphuraṇena ca dhārayitā poṣayitā ca | bhoktā buddheḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakān pratyayān svarūpa-caitanyena prakāśayatīti nirvikāra evopalabdhā | maheśvaraḥ sarvātmatvāt svatantratvāc ca mahān īśvaraś ceti maheśvaraḥ | paramātmā dehādi-buddhy-antānāṃ avidyayātmatvena kalpitānām paramaḥ prakṛṣṭa upadraṣṭṛtvādi-pūrvokta-viśeṣaṇa-viśiṣṭa ātmā paramātmā | ity anena śabdenāpi uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau | ca-kārād upadraṣṭety-ādi-śabdair api sa eva puruṣaḥ paraḥ | uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ [Gītā 15.17] ity agre vakṣyate ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : jīvātmānam uktvā paramātmānam āha upadraṣṭeti | yadyapi anādi mat-paraṃ brahma ity ādinā hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ity anena ca sāmānyataḥ paśeṣataś ca paramātmā prokta eva, tad api tasya jīvātma-sāhityenāpi pṛthag eva spaṣṭatayā dehasthatva-jñāpanārtham iyam uktir jñeyā | asmin dehe paro 'nyaḥ puruṣo yo maheśvarḥ sa paramātmeti cāpy uktaḥ | paramātmeti ca nāmnāpy ukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | tatra parama-śabda ekātmavāda-pakṣe svāṃśa iti dyotanārtho jīvasya upa samīpe pṛthak-sthita eva draṣṭā sākṣī | anumantānumodana-kartā sannidhi-mātreṇānugrāhakaḥ | sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī] iti śruteḥ | tathā bhartā dhārako bhoktā pālakaḥ |

baladevaḥ : dehe sukhādibhokṭrayāvasthitaṃ jīvam uktvā niyantṛtayā tatrāvasthitam īśvaram āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin dehe paro jīvād anyaḥ puruṣo 'sti yo maheśvaraḥ paramātmeti proktaḥ | upadraṣṭā sannidhau pṛthak-sthita eva sākṣī | anumantānumati-dātā tad-anumatiṃ vinā jīvaḥ kiñcid api kartuṃ na kṣama ity arthaḥ | bhartā dhārakaḥ | bhoktā pālakaḥ | sarvataḥ pāṇi ity ādibhir uktasyāpīśasya jīvena saha sthitiṃ vaktuṃ punar uktiḥ ||22||

BhG 13.23

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-jñāninaṃ stauti ya evam iti | evam upadraṣṭṛtvādi-rūpeṇa puruṣaṃ yo vetti prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha sukha-duḥkhādi-pariṇāmaiḥ sahitāṃ yo vetti sa puruṣaḥ sarvathā vidhim atilaṅghyeha vartamāno 'pi punar nābhijāyate | mucyate evety arthaḥ ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sa ca yo yat prabhāvaś ca [Gītā 13.4] iti vyākhyātam idānīṃ yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute ity uktam upasaṃharati ya evam iti | ya evam uktena prakāreṇa vetti puruṣam ayam aham asmīti sākṣātkaroti prakṛtiṃ cāvidyāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha mithyā-bhūtām ātma-vidyayā bādhitāṃ vetti nivṛtte mamājñāna-tāt-kārye iti, sa sarvathā prārabdha-karma-vaśād indravad vidhim atikramya vartamāno 'pi bhūyo na jāyate patite 'smin vidvac-charīre punar deha-grahaṇaṃ na karoti | avidyāyāṃ vidyayā nāśitāyāṃ tat-kāryāsaṃbhavasya bahudhoktatvāt tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs 4.1.13] iti nyāyāt | api-śabdād vidhim anatikramya vartamānaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | puruṣaṃ paramātmānaṃ prakṛtiṃ māyā-śaktiṃ | ca-kārāj jīva-śaktiṃ ca | sarvathā vartamāno 'pi laya-vikṣepādi-parābhūto 'pi ||23||

baladevaḥ : etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | evaṃ mad-ukta-vidhayā mitho viviktatayā yaḥ puruṣaṃ maheśvara-prakṛtiṃ ca jīvaṃ ca vetti ! sarvathā vyavahāra-samparkeṇa vartamāno 'pi bhūyo nābhijāyate dehānte vimucyata ity arthaḥ ||23||

BhG 13.24

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūta-viviktātma-jñāna-sādhana-vikalpān āha dhyāneneti dvābhyām | dhyānenātmākārapratyayāvṛttyā | ātmani deha eva ātmanā manasā evam ātmānaṃ kecit paśyanti | anye tu sāṅkhyena prakṛti-puruṣa-vailakṣaṇyālocanena yogenāṣṭāṅgena | apare ca karma-yogena | paśyantīti sarvatrānuṣaṅgaḥ | eteṣāṃ ca dhyānādīnāṃ yathā-yogyaṃ krama-samuccaye saty api tat-tan-niṣṭhā-bhedābhiprāyeṇa vikalpoktiḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : atrātma-darśane sādhana-vikalpā ime kathyante dhyāneneti | iha hi caturvidhā janāḥ, kecid uttamāḥ kecin madhyamāḥ kecin mandāḥ kecin mandatarā iti | tatrottamānām ātma-jñāna-sādhanam āha | dhyānena vijātīya-pratyayānantaritena sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāheṇa śravaṇa-manana-phala-bhūtenātma-cintanena nididhyāsana-śabdenoditenātmani buddhau paśyanti sākṣātkurvanti ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanam ātmanā dhyāna-saṃskṛtenāntaḥ-karaṇena kecid uttamā yoginaḥ |

madhyamānām ātma-jñāna-sādhanam āha -- anye madhyamāḥ sāṃkhyena yogena nididhyāsana-pūrva-bhāvinā śravaṇa-manana-rūpeṇa nityānitya-vivekādi-pūrvakeṇeme guṇa-traya-pariṇāmā anātmanaḥ sarve mithyā-bhūtās tat-sākṣi-bhūto nityo vibhur nirvikāraḥ satyaḥ samasta-jaḍa-sambandha-śūnya ātmāham ity evaṃ vedānta-vākya-vicāra-janyena cintanena paśyanti ātmānam ātmaniti vartate | dhyānenotpatti-dvāreṇety arthaḥ |

mandānām jñāna-sādhanam āha -- karma-yogeneśvarārpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇena phalābhisandhi-rahitena tat-tad-varṇāśramocitena veda-vihitena karma-kalāpena cāpare mandāḥ paśyanti ātmānam ātmaniti vartate | sattva-śuddhyā śravaṇa-manana-dhyānotpatti-dvāreṇety arthaḥ ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : atra sādhana-vikalpam āha dhyāneti dvābhyām | kecid bhaktā dhyānena bhagavac-cintanenaiva | bhaktyā mām abhijānāti [Gītā 18.55] ity agrimokter ātmani mansy ātmanā svayam eva na tv anyena kenāpy upakārekeṇety arthaḥ | anye jñāninaḥ sāṅkhyam ātmānātma-vivekas tena | apare yogino yogenāṣṭāṅgena karma-yogena niṣkāma-karmaṇā ca | atra sāṅkhyāṣṭāṅga-yoga-niṣkāma-karma-yogāḥ paramātma-darśane parasparayaiva hetavo na tu sākṣād dhetavas teṣāṃ sāttvikatvāt paramātmanas tu guṇātītatvāt | kiṃ ca jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset [BhP 11.19.1] iti bhagavad-ukter jñānādi-sannyāsānantaram eva bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ [BhP 11.14.11] ity ukter jñānaṃ vimucya tayā bhaktyaiva

baladevaḥ : maheśvarasya prāptau sādhana-vikalpān āha dhyāneneti dvābhyām | kecid viśuddha-cittā ātmani manasi sthitam ātmānaṃ maheśvaraṃ māṃ dhyānenopasarjanī-bhūta-jñānena paśyanti sākṣāt kurvanty ātmanā svayam eva, na tv anyenopakārakeṇa | anye sāṅkhyenopasarjanī-bhūta-dhyānena jñānena paśyanti | anya-yogenopasarjanī-bhūta-jñānenāṣṭāṅgena paśyanti | apare tu karma-yogenāntargata-dhyāna-jñānena niṣkāmeṇa karmaṇā ||24||

BhG 13.25

śrīdharaḥ : ati-mandādhikāriṇāṃ nistāropāyam āha anya iti | anye tu sāṅkhya-yogādi-mārgeṇa evambhūtam upadraṣṭṛtvādi-lakṣaṇam ātmānam sākṣātkartum ajānanto 'nyebhya ācāryebhya upadeśataḥ śrutvā upāsante dhyāyanti | te 'pi ca śraddhayopadeśa-śravaṇa-parāyaṇāḥ santo mṛtyuṃ saṃsāraṃ śanair atitaranty eva ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : mandatarāṇāṃ jñāna-sādhanam āha anya iti | anye tu mandatarāḥ | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-ślokokta-trividhādhikāri-vailakṣaṇya-dyotanārthaḥ | eṣūpāyeṣv anyatareṇāpy evaṃ yathoktam ātmānam ajānanto 'nyebhyaḥ kāruṇikebhya ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā "idam eva cintayata" ity uktā upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaś cintayanti | te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyum saṃsāram śruti-parāyaṇāḥ svayaṃ vicārāsamarthā api śraddadhānatayā gurūpadeśa-śravaṇa-mātra-parāyaṇāḥ | te 'pīty api-śabdādye svayaṃ vicāra-samarthās te mṛtyum atitarantīti kim u vaktavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ ||25||

baladevaḥ : anye tv evam īdṛśānupāyān ajānantaḥ śruti-parāyaṇās tat-tat-kathā-śravaṇādi-niṣṭhāḥ sāmpratikā anyebhyas tad-vaktṛbhyas tān upāyān śrutvā taṃ maheśvaram upāsate | te 'pi cāt ta-saṅginaś ca krameṇa tān upalabhyānuṣṭhāya ca mṛtyum atitaranty eveti tat-kathā-śruti-mahimātiśayo darśitaḥ ||25||

BhG 13.26

śrīdharaḥ : atha karma-yogasya tṛtīya-caturtha-pañcameṣu prapañcitatvād dhyāna-yogasya ca ṣaṣṭhāṣṭhamayoḥ prapañcitatvād dhyānādeś ca sāṅkhya-viviktātma-viṣayatvāt sāṅkhyam eva prapañcayann āha yāvad ity ādi yāvad adhyāyāntam | yāvat kiñcit vastu-mātraṃ sattvam utpadyate tat sarvaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yogād aviveka-kṛta-tādātmyādhyāsād bhavatīti jānīhi ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : saṃsārasyāvidyakatvād vidyayā mokṣa upapadyata ity etasyārthasyāvadhāraṇāya saṃsāra-tan-nivartaka-jñānayoḥ prapañcaḥ kriyate yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | tatra kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasv [Gītā 13.21] ity etat prāg uktaṃ vivṛṇoti yāvad iti | yāvat kim api sattvaṃ vastu saṃjāyate sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ vā tat sarvaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād avidyā-tat-kāryātmakaṃ jaḍam anirvacanīyaṃ sad-asattvaṃ dṛśya-jātaṃ kṣetraṃ tad-vilakṣaṇaṃ tad-bhāsakaṃ sva-prakāśa-paramārtha-sac-caitanyam asaṅgodāsīnaṃ nirdharmakam advitīyaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ tayoḥ saṃyogo māyā-vaśā itaretarāviveka-nimitto mithyā-tādātmyādhyāsaḥ satyānṛta-mithunīkaraṇātmakaḥ | tasmād eva saṃjāyate tat sarvaṃ kārya-jātam iti viddhi he bharatarṣabha | ataḥ svarūpājñāna-nibandhanaḥ saṃsāraḥ svarūpa-jñānād vinaṃṣṭum arhati svapnādivad ity abhiprāyaḥ ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam evārthaṃ prapañcayati yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | yāvad iti yat-pramāṇakaṃ nikṛṣṭam utkṛṣṭaṃ vā | sattvaṃ prāṇi-mātram ||26||

baladevaḥ : athānādi-saṃyuktayoḥ prakṛti-jīvayor yogānusandhānāya tayoḥ saṃyogena sṛṣṭiṃ tāvad āha yāvad iti | sthāvara-jaṅgamaṃ kiñcit sattvaṃ prāṇi-jātaṃ yāvad yat-pramāṇakam utkṛṣṭam apakṛṣṭaṃ ca sañjāyate tat kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād viddhi | kṣetreṇa prakṛtyā saha kṣetrajñayoḥ sambandhāj jānīhīty arthaḥ | īśvaraḥ prakṛti-jīvau niyamayan pravartayati, tau tu mithaḥ sambadhnīta | tato dehotpatti-dvārā prāṇi-sṛṣṭir ity arthaḥ ||26||

BhG 13.27

śrīdharaḥ : aviveka-kṛtaṃ saṃsārodbhavam uktvā tan-nivṛttaye vivktātma-viṣayaṃ samyag-darśanam āha samam iti | sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu bhūteṣu nirviśeṣaṃ sad-rūpeṇa samaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ paramātmānaṃ yaḥ paśyati ataeva teṣu vinaśyatsv api avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ saṃsāram avidyātmakam uktvā tan nivartaka-vidyā-kathanāya ya evaṃ vetti puruṣam iti prāg uktaṃ vivṛṇoti samam iti | sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhavana-dharmakeṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu prāṇiṣu aneka-vidha-janmādi-pariṇāma-śīlatayā guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvāpattyā ca viṣameṣu ataeva cañcaleṣu pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmino hi bhāvā nāpariṇamya kṣaṇam api sthātum īśate | ata eva paraspara-bādhya-bādhaka-bhāvāpanneṣu evam api vinaśyatsu dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-svabhāveṣu māyā-gandharva-nagarādi-prāyeṣu samaṃ sarvatraika-rūpaṃ pratideham ekaṃ janmādi-pariṇāma-śūnyatayā ca tiṣṭhantam apariṇamamānaṃ parameśvaraṃ sarva-jaḍa-varga-sattā-sphūrti-pradatvena bādhya-bādhaka-bhāva-śūnyaṃ sarvadopānāskanditam avinaśyantaṃ dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāya-sarva-dvaita-bādhe 'py abādhitam | evaṃ sarva-prakāreṇa jaḍa-prapañca-vilakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ vivekena yaḥ śāstra-cakṣuṣā paśyati sa eva paśyaty ātmānaṃ jāgrad-bodhena svapna-bhramaṃ bādhamāna iva |

ajñas tu svapna-darśīva bhrāntyā viparītaṃ paśyan na paśyaty eva | adarśanātmakatvād bhramasya | na hi rajjuṃ sarpatayā paśyan paśyatīti vyapadiśyate | rajjv-adarśanātmakatvāt sarpa-darśanasya | evam-bhūtāny ānuparakta-śuddhātma-darśanāt tad-darśarnātmikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttis tatas tat-kārya-saṃsāra-nivṛttir ity abhiprāyaḥ | atrātmānam iti viśeṣya-lābho viśeṣaṇa-maryādayā | parameśvaram ity eva vā viśeṣya-padam | viṣamatva-cañcalatva-bādhya-bādhaka-rūpatva-lakṣaṇaṃ jaḍa-gataṃ vaidharmyaṃ samatva-tiṣṭhattva-parameśvaratva-rūpātma-viśeṣaṇa-vaśād arthāt prāptam anyat kaṇṭhoktam iti vivekaḥ ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : paramātmānaṃ tv evaṃ jānīyād ity āha samam iti | vinaśyatsv api deheṣu yaḥ paśyati, sa eva jñānīty arthaḥ ||27||

baladevaḥ : atha prakṛtau tat-saṃyukteṣu ca jīveṣu sthitam apīśvaraṃ tebhyo viviktaṃ paśyed ity āha samam iti | yas tv atattvavit prasaṅgī sarveṣu sthāvara-jaṅgama-dehavatsu bhūteṣu jīveṣu samam ekarasaṃ yathā syāt tathā tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaraṃ vinaśyatsu tat-tad-deha-vimardena vināśaṃ gacchatsu teṣv avinaśyantaṃ tad-vaikṣaṇaṃ paśyati sa eva paśyati tad-yāthātmya-darśī bhavati | tathā ca vaividhya-vināśa-dharmibhyaḥ prakṛti-saṃyogibhyo jīvebhya aikarasyāvināśa-dharmā pareśo vivikta iti ||27||

BhG 13.28

śrīdharaḥ : kuta iti | ata āha samam iti | sarvatra bhūtamātre samaṃ samyag apracyuta-svarūpeṇāvasthitaṃ paramātmānaṃ paśyan | hi yasmād ātmanā svenaivātmānaṃ na hinasti | avidyayā sac-cid-ānanda-rūpam ātmānaṃ tiraskṛtya na vināśayati | tataś ca parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | yat tv evaṃ na paśyati sa hi dehātma-darśī dehena sahātmānaṃ hinasti | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

asūryā nāma te lokā andhena tamasāvṛtāḥ | tāṃs te pretyābhigacchanti ye ke cātma-hano janāḥ || [ĪśaU 3] iti ||28|

madhusūdanaḥ : tad etad ātma-darśanaṃ phalena stauti rucy-utpattaye samam iti | samavasthitaṃ janmādi-vināśānta-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatayā samyaktayāvasthita-vināśitva-lābhaḥ | anyat prāg vyākhyātam | evaṃ pūrvokta-viśeṣaṇam ātmānaṃ paśyann ayam aham asmīti śāstra-dṛṣṭyā sākṣātkurvan na hinasty ātmanātmānam | sarvo hy ajñaḥ paramārtha-santam ekam akartr-abhoktṛ-paramānanda-rūpam ātmānam avidyayā sati bhāty api vastuni nāsti na bhātīti pratīti-janana-samarthayā svayam eva tiraskurvann asantam iva karotīti hinasty eva tam | tathāvidyayātmatvena paritgṛhītaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātam ātmānaṃ purātanaṃ hatvā navam ādatte karma-vaśād iti hinasty eva tam | ata ubhayathāpy ātmahaiva sarvo 'py ajñaḥ | yam adhikṛtyeyaṃ śakuntalā-vacana-rūpā smṛtiḥ -

kiṃ tena na kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ coreṇātmāpahāriṇā | yo 'nyathā santam ātmānam anyathā pratipadyate || iti |

śrutiś ca -

asūryā asurasya sva-bhūtā āsuryā saṃpadā bhogyā ity arthaḥ | ātma-hana ity anātmany ātmābhimānina ity arthaḥ | ato ya ātmajñaḥ so 'nātmany ātmābhimānaṃ śuddhātma-darśanena bādhate | ataḥ svarūpa-lābhāc ca hinasty ātmanātmānaṃ tato yāti parāṃ gatim | tata ātma-hananābhāvād avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇāṃ muktim adhigacchatīty arthaḥ ||28|

baladevaḥ : athokta-viṣayā tebhyo viviktam īśvaraṃ paśyan tad-darśana-mahimnā ca prakṛti-vikārebhyaḥ sva-vivekaṃ ca labhata ity āśayenāha samaṃ paśyan hīti | sarvatra bhūteṣu samaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ samyag-apracyuta-svarūpa-guṇatayāvasthitam īśvaraṃ paśyann ātmānaṃ svam ātmanā prakṛti-vikāra-viveka-grāhiṇā viṣaya-rasa-gṛdhnunā manasā na hinasti nādhaḥpātayati, sa tad-rasa-viraktena tena parām utkṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ tad-vikārebhyaḥ svaiveka-khyātiṃ yāti ||28||

BhG 13.29

śrīdharaḥ : nanu śubhāśubha-karma-kartṛtvena vaiṣamye dṛśyamāne katham ātmanaḥ samatvam ity āśaṅkyāha prakṛtyaiveti | prakṛtyaiva dehendriyākāreṇa pariṇatayā | sarvaśaḥ prakāraiḥ | kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi yaḥ paśyati | tathātmānaṃ cākartāraṃ dehābhimānenaiva ātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ na svataḥ | ity evaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati | nānya ity arthaḥ |

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu śubhāśubha-karma-kartāraḥ pratidehaṃ bhinnā ātmano viṣamāś ca tat-tad-vicitra-phala-bhoktṛtveneti kathaṃ sarva-bhūta-stham ekam ātmānaṃ samaṃ paśyan na hinasty ātmanātmānam ity uktam ata āha prakṛtyaiveti | karmāṇi vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyārabhyāṇi sarvaśaḥ sarvaiḥ prakāraiḥ prakṛtyaiva dehendriya-saṅghātākāra-pariṇatayā sarva-vikāra-kāraṇa-bhūtayā triguṇātmikayā bhagavan-māyayaiva kriyamāṇāni na tu puruṣeṇa sarva-vikāra-śūnyena yo vivekī paśyati, evaṃ kṣetreṇa kriyamāṇeṣv api karmasu ātmānaṃ kṣetrajñam akartāraṃ sarvopādhi-vivarjitam asaṅgam ekaṃ sarvatra samaṃ yaḥ paśyati, tathā-śabdaḥ paśyatīti-kriyā-karṣaṇārthaḥ, sa paśyati sa paramārtha-darśīti pūrvavat | sa-vikārasya kṣetrasya tat-tad-vicitra-karma-kartṛtvena prati-dehaṃ bhede 'pi vaiṣamye 'pi na nirviśeṣasyākartur ākāśasyeva na bhede pramāṇaṃ kiṃcid ātmana ity upapāditaṃ prāk ||29||

viśvanāthaḥ : prakṛtyaiva dehendriyādyākāreṇa pariṇatayā sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇy ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ dehābhimānenaiva ātmanaḥ kartṛtvam, na tu svataḥ | ity evaṃ yaḥ paśyatīty arthaḥ ||29||

baladevaḥ : prakṛteḥ sva-vivekaṃ kathaṃ yātīty apekṣāyāṃ tatra prakāram āha - prakṛtyaiveti dvābhyām | yaḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi prakṛtyaiva cān mad-adhiṣṭhitayeśvara-preritayā kriyamāṇāni paśyati, tathātmānaṃ teṣāṃ karmaṇām akartāraṃ paśyati, sa eva paśyati sva-yāthāṭmya-darśī bhavati | ayam arthaḥ na khalu vijñānānanda-svabhāvo 'haṃ yuddha-yajñādīni duḥkha-mayāni karmāṇi karomi, kintv anādibhogavāsanenāvivekinā mayādhiṣṭhitā mad-bhoga-siddhaye mad-dehādi-dvārā tāni karotīti tad-dhetukatvāt saiva tat-kartṛīti karam-kāriṇyāḥ prakṛtes tad-akartā śuddho jīvo viviktaḥ | śuddhasyāpi kartṛtvaṃ tu paśyatīty anena vyaktam iti ||

BhG 13.30

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ tu bhūtānām api prakṛtis tāvan-mātratvenābhedād bhūta-bheda-kṛtam apy ātmano bhedam apaśyan brahmatvam upaitīty āha yadeti | yadā bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ bhedaṃ pṛthaktvam ekastham ekasyām eveśra-śakti-rūpāyāṃ prakṛtau pralaye sthitam anupaśyati ālocayati | ataeva tasyā eva prakṛteḥ sakāśād bhūtānāṃ vistāraṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye 'nupaśyati | tadā prakṛti-tāvan-mātratvena bhūtānām apy abhedaṃ paśyan paripūrṇaṃ brahma sampadyate | brahmaiva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||30||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam āpātataḥ kṣetra-bheda-darśanam anabhyanujñāya kṣetra-bheda-darśanam apākṛtam idānīṃ tu kṣetra-bheda-darśanam api māyikatvenāpākaroti yadeti | yadā yasmin kāle bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ sarveṣām api jaḍa-vargāṇāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ pṛthaktvam paraspara-bhinnatvam eka-stham ekasminn evātmani sad-rūpe sthitaṃ kalpitaṃ kalpitasyādhiṣṭhānād anatirekāt sad-rūpātma-svarūpād anatiriktam anupaśyati śāstrācāryopadeśam anu svayam ālocayati ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] iti | evam api māyāv-vaśāt tata ekasmād ātmana eva vistāraṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ ca svapna-māyāvad anupaśyati brahma saṃpadyate tadā sajātīya-vijātīya-bheda-darśanābhāvād brahmaiva sarvānartha-śūnyaṃ bhavati tasmin kāle |

yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūd vijānataḥ |

prakṛtyaiva cety atrātma-bhedo nirākṛtaḥ | yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam ity atra tv anātma-bhedo 'pīti viśeṣaḥ ||30||

viśvanāthaḥ : yadā bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ tat-tad-ākāra-gataṃ pārthakyam ekastham ekasyāṃ prakṛtāv eva sthitaṃ pralaya-kāle anupaśyaty ālocayati | tataḥ prakṛteḥ sakāśād eva bhūtānāṃ vistāraṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye 'nupaśyati tadā brahma sampadyate brahmaiva bhavatīty arthaḥ ||30||

baladevaḥ : yadeti | ayaṃ jīvo yadā bhūtānāṃ deva-mānavādīnāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ tat-tad-ākāra-gataṃ devatva-mānavatva-dīrghatva-hrasvatvādi-rūpa-pārthakyam ekasthaṃ prakṛti-gatam eva pralaye 'nupaśyati tataḥ prakṛtita eva sarge teṣāṃ devatvādīnāṃ vistāraṃ ca paśyati, na tv ātmasthaṃ tat pṛthag-bhāvaṃ na cāṭmanas tad-vistāraṃ ca paśyati | sva-prakṛti-viviktātma-darśī | tadā tad brahma sampadyate tad-viviktam abhivyaktāpahata-pāpmatvādi-bṛhad-guṇāṣṭakam svam anubhavatīty arthaḥ ||30||

BhG 13.31

śrīdharaḥ : tathāpi parameśvarasya saṃsārāvasthāyāṃ deha-sambandha-nimittaiḥ karmabhis tat-phalaiś ca sukha-duḥkhādibhir vaiṣamyaṃ duṣpariharam iti kutaḥ sama-darśanaṃ | tatrāha anāditvād iti | yad utpattimat tad eva hi vyeti vināśam eti | yac ca guṇavad vastu tasya hi guṇa-nāśe vyayo bhavati | ayaṃ tu paramātmā anādi nirguṇaś ca | ato 'vyayo 'vikārīty arthaḥ | tasmāt śarīre sthito 'pi na kiñcit karoti | na ca karma-phalair lipyate ||31||

madhusūdanaḥ : ātmanaḥ svato 'kartṛtve 'pi śarīra-sambandhopādhikaṃ kartṛtvaṃ syād ity āśaṅkām apanudan yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyatīty etad vivṛṇoti anādirvād iti | ayam aparokṣaḥ paramātmā parameśvarābhinnaḥ pratyag-ātmāvyayo na vyetīty avyayaḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnya ity arthaḥ | tatra vyayo dvedhā dharmi-svarūpasyaivotpattimattayā vā dharmi-svarūpasyānutpādyatve 'pi dharmāṇām evotpatty-ādimattayā vā | tatrādyam apākaroti anāditvād iti | ādiḥ prāg asattvāvasthā | sā ca nāsti sarvadā sata ātmanaḥ | atas tasya kāraṇābhāvāj janmābhāvaḥ | na hy anāder janma sambhavati | tad-abhāve ca tad-uttara-bhāvino bhāva-vikārā na sambhavanty eva | ato na svarūpeṇa vyetīty arthaḥ |

dvitīyaṃ nirākaroti nirguṇatvād iti | nirdharmakatvād ity arthaḥ | na hi dharmiṇam avikṛtya kaścid dharma upaity apaiti vā dharma-dharmiṇos tādātmyād ayaṃ tu nirdharmako 'to na dharma-dvārāpi vyetīty arthaḥ | avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā [BAU 4.5.14] iti śruteḥ | yasmād eṣa jāyate 'sti vardhate vipariṇamate 'pakṣīyate vinaśyatīty evaṃ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnya ādhyāsikena sambandhena śarīra-stho 'pi tasmin kurvaty ayam ātmā na karoti | yathādhyāsikena sambandhena jala-sthaḥ savitā tasmiṃś calaty api na calaty eva tadvat | yato na lipyate na tv ayam akartṛtvād ity arthaḥ | icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkham ity ādīnāṃ kṣetra-dharmatva-kathanāt | prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇānīti māyā-kāryatva-vyapadeśāc ca | ataeva paramārtha-darśināṃ sarva-karmādhikāra-nivṛttir iti prāg-vyākhyātam | etenātmano nirdharmakatva-kathanāt svagata-bhedo 'pi nirastaḥ | prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi [Gītā 13.29] ity atra sajātīya-bhedo nivāritaḥ | yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam [Gītā 13.30] ity atra vijātīya-bhedaḥ | anāditvān nirguṇatvād [Gītā 13.31] ity atra svagato bheda ity advitīyaṃ brahmaivātmeti siddham ||31||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktam | tatra deha-gatatvena tulyatve 'pi jīvātmaiva guṇa-liptaḥ saṃsarati na tu paramātmeti | kuta ity ata āha anāditvād iti | na vidyate ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yataḥ sa anādiḥ | yathā pañcamy-anta-padārthenānuttama-śabdena paramottama ucyate tathaiva anādi-śabdena parama-kāraṇam ucyate | tataś cānāditvāt parama-kāraṇatvāt nirguṇatvān nirgatā guṇaḥ sṛṣṭyādayo yatas tasya bhāvas tattvaṃ tasmāc ca jīvātmano vilakṣaṇo 'yaṃ paramātmā | avyayaḥ sarvadaiva sarvathaiva svīya-jñānānandādi-vyaya-rahitaḥ | śarīra-stho 'pi tad-dharmāgrahaṇāt na karoti jīvavat na kartā, na bhoktā bhavati, na ca lipyate śarīra-guṇa-liptaś ca na bhavati ||31||

baladevaḥ : nanu pareśam ātmānaṃ ca viviktaṃ paśyati kṛtārtho bhavatīty uktir ayuktā etebhya eva bhūtebhyaḥ samutthāya tāny evānu vinaśyati na prety asaṃjñāsti iti jīvasya dehena sahotpatti-vināśa-śravaṇād iti cet tatrāha anāditvād iti | ayam ātmā jīvaḥ śarīrastho 'py anāditvāt param-avyayo 'vyayatva-pradhāna-dharmatvād vināśa-śūnyo nirguṇatvād viśuddha-jñānānandatvān na yuddha-yajñādi-karma karoti | ataḥ śarīrendriya-svabhāvenotpatti-vināśa-lakṣaṇena na lipyate | śruty-arthas tv aupacārikatayā neyaḥ ||31||

BhG 13.32

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetuṃ sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā sarva-gataṃ paṅkādiṣv api sthitam ākāśaṃ saukṣmyād asaṅgatvāt paṅkādibhir nopalipyate tathā sarvatra uttame madhyame adhame vā dehe 'vasthito 'pi ātmā nopalipyate ||32||

madhusūdanaḥ : śarīra-stho 'pi tat-karmaṇā na lipyate svayam asaṅgatvād ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | saukṣmyād asaṅga-svabhāvatvād ākāśaṃ sarva-gatam api nopalipyate paṅkādibhir yatheti dṛṣṭāntārthaḥ | spaṣṭam itarat ||32||

baladevaḥ : nanu śarīre sthitas tad-dharmaiḥ kuto na lipyate ity atrāha yatheti | yathā sarvatra paṅkādau gataṃ praviṣṭam apy ākāśaṃ saukṣmyāt tat-tad-dharmair na lipyate, tathātmā jīvaḥ sarvatra deva-mānavādāv uccāvace dehe sthito 'pi tad-dharmair na lipyate saukṣmyād eva ||32||

BhG 13.33

śrīdharaḥ : asaṅgatvāl lepo nāstīty ākāśa-dṛṣṭāntena darśitam | prakāśakatvāc ca prakāśya-dharmair na yujyata iti ravi-dṛṣṭāntenāha yathā prakāśayatīti | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||

madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalam asaṅga-svabhāvād ātmā nopalipyate prakāśakatvād api parkāśya-dharmair na lipyate iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā ravir eka eva kṛtsnaṃ sarvam imaṃ lokaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātaṃ rūpavad vastu-mātram iti yāvat prakāśayati na ca prakāśya-dharmair lipyate na vā prakāśya-bhedād bhidyate tathā kṣetrī kṣetrajña eka eva kṛtsnaṃ kṣetraṃ prakāśayati | he bhārata ! ataeva na prakāśya-dharmair lipyate na vā prakāśya-bhedād bhidyata ity arthaḥ |

viśvanāthaḥ : prakāśakatvāt prakāśya-dharmair na yujyata iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | ravir yathā prakāśakaḥ prakāśya-dharmair na yujyate, tathā kṣetrī paramātmā |

śrīdharaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharati kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa kṣetra-ksetrajñayor antaraṃ bhedaṃ viveka-jñāna-lakṣaṇena cakṣuṣā ye viduḥ tathā xexam uktā bhūtānāṃ prakṛtis tasyāḥ sakāśān mokṣaṃ mokṣopāyaṃ dhyānādikaṃ ca ye viduḥ te paraṃ padaṃ yānti ||34||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm adhyāyārthaṃ saphalam upasaṃharati kṣetreti | kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor prāg-vyākhyātayor evam uktena prakāreṇāntaram paraspara-vailakṣaṇyaṃ jāḍya-caitanya-vikāritva-nirvikāritvādi-rūpaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā śāstrācāryopadeśa-janitātma-jñāna-rūpeṇa cakṣuṣā ye vidur bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prakṛtir avidyā māyākhyā tasyāḥ paramārthātma-vidyayā mokṣam abhāva-gamanaṃ ca ye vidur jānanti yānti te paraṃ paramārthātma-vastu-svarūpaṃ kaivalyaṃ, na punar dehaṃ ādadata ity arthaḥ | tad evam

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viveko nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||13||

||13||

baladevaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharan taj-jñāna-phalam āha kṣetreti | kṣetreṇa sahitayoḥ kṣetrajñayor jīveśayor evaṃ mad-ukti-vidhayāntaraṃ bhedaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā vaidharmya-viṣayaka-prajñā-netreṇa ye vidus tathābhūtānāṃ prakṛteḥ sakāśān mokṣaṃ ca tat-sādhanam amānitvādikaṃ ye vidus te prakṛteḥ paraṃ sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ para-vyomākhyaṃ mat-padaṃ yāntīti ||34||

[*ENDNOTE] All the verses quoted here are found in Rāmānuja 's commentary.

Bhagavadgita 14

BhG 14.1

śrīdharaḥ :

yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha || ity uktam | sa ca kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo nirīśvara-sāṅkhyānām iva na svātantryeṇa | kintu īśvarecchayiveti kathana-pūrvakaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity anenoktaṃ sattvādi-guṇīkṛtaṃ saṃsāra-vaicitryaṃ prapañcayiṣyan evambhūtaṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stauti bhagavān paraṃ bhūya iti dvābhyām | paraṃ paramātma-niṣṭham | jñāyate aneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ | taj jñānaṃ bhūyo 'pi tubhyaṃ prakarṣeṇa vakṣyāmi | kathambhūtam | jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-karmādi-viṣayāṇāṃ madhya uttamam | mokṣa-hetutvāt | tad evāha yaj jñātvā munayo manana-śīlāḥ sarve | ito deha-bandhanāt | parāṃ siddhiṃ mokṣam | gatāḥ prāptāḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvādhyāye - yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi [Gītā 13.26] ity uktaṃ tatra nirīśvara-sāṅkhyam atinirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ vaktavyam | evaṃ kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktaṃ tatra kasmin guṇa kathaṃ saṅgaḥ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīti vaktavyam | tathā bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param ity uktaṃ tatra bhūta-prakṛti-śabditebhyo guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ syān muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyaṃ, tad etat sarvaṃ vistareṇa vaktuṃ caturdaśo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatra vakṣyamāṇam arthaṃ dvābhyāṃ stuvan śrotṝṇāṃ rucy-utpattaye śrī-bhagavān uvāca param iti | jñāyate 'nena jñānaṃ paramātma-jñāna-sādhanaṃ paraṃ śreṣṭhaṃ para-vastu-viṣayatvāt | kīdṛśaṃ tat ? jñānānāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bahiraṅgāṇāṃ yajñādīnāṃ madhya uttamam uttama-phalatvāt | na tvam ānitvādīnāṃ teṣām antaraṅgatvenottama-phalatvāt | param ity anenotkṛṣṭa-viṣayatvam uktam | uttamam ity anena tūtkṛṣṭa-phalatvam iti bhedaḥ | īdṛśaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ :

pūrvādhyāye kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kīdṛśo guṇa-saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ syāt, guṇa-yuktasya kiṃvā lakṣaṇam | kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo mocanam ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamānam arthaṃ stuvāno vaktuṃ pratijānīte param iti | jñāyate æneneti jñānam upadeśaḥ param atyuttamam ||1||

pūrvādhyāye mithaḥ-sampṛktānāṃ prakṛti-jīveśvarāṇāṃ svarūpāṇi vivicya jānann amānitvādi-dharmair viśiṣṭaḥB prakṛti-bandhād vimucyate bandha-hetuś ca guṇa-saṅga ity uktam | tatra ke guṇāḥ, kasmin guṇe kathaṃ saṅgaḥ, kasya guṇasya saṅgāt kiṃ phalaṃ, guṇa-saṅginaḥ kiṃvā lakṣaṇaṃ kathaṃ vā guṇebhyo muktiḥ ity apekṣāyāṃ vakṣyamāṇam artham ātma-rucy-utpattaye bhagavān stauti param iti dvābhyām |

paraṃ pūrvoktād anyaṃ prakṛti-jīvāntargatam eva guṇa-viṣayakaṃ jñānaṃ bhūyo vakṣyāmi yaj-jñānānāṃ prakṛti-jīva-viṣayakāṇām uttamaṃ śreṣṭhaṃ navanītavad uddhṛtatvāt | yaj jñātvopalabhya sarve munayas tan-manana-śīlā ito loke param ātma-yāthātmyopalabdhi-lakṣaṇāṃ siddhiṃ gatāḥ | yad vā jñāyate 'neneti jñānam upadeśam, tac ca prāg uktam api bhūyaḥ punar vidhāntareṇa vakṣyāmi | tac ca jñānānāṃ tapaḥ-prabhṛtīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ madhye param uttamam atyuttamaṃ tad-antaraṅga-sādhanatvāt | yaj jñātvā sarve munaya ito lokāt parāṃ mokṣa-lakṣaṇāṃ

BhG 14.2

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca idam iti | idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upāśrityedaṃ jñāna-sādhanam anuṣṭhāya mama sādharmyaṃ mad-rūpatvaṃ prāptāḥ santaḥ sarge 'pi brahmādiṣu utpādyamāneṣv api notpadyante | tathā pralaye 'pi na vyathanti | pralaye duḥkhaṃ nānubhavanti | punar nāvartanta ity arthaḥ ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tasyāḥ siddhair aikāntikatvaṃ darśayati idaṃ iti | idaṃ yathoktam jñānaṃ jñāna-sādhanam upāśrityānuṣṭhāya mama parameśvarasya sādharmyaṃ mad-rūpatām atyantābhedenāgatāḥ prāptāḥ santaḥ sarge 'pi hiraṇyagarbhādiṣūtpadyamāneṣv api nopajāyante | pralaye brahmaṇo 'pi vināśa-kāle na vyathanti ca vyathante na ca līyanta ity arthaḥ ||14.2||

viśvanāthaḥ : sādharmyaṃ sārūpya-lakṣaṇāṃ muktiṃ | na vyathanti na vyathante ||2||

baladevaḥ : idam iti | gurūpāsanayedaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upāśritya prāpya janāḥ sarveśasya mama nityāvirbhūta-guṇāṣṭakasya sādharmyaṃ sādhanāvirbhāvitena tad-aṣṭakena sāmyam āgatāḥ santaḥ sarge nopajāyante sṛji-karmatāṃ nāpnuvanti pralaye na vyathante mṛti-karmatāṃ ca na yāntīti janma-mṛtyubhyāṃ rahitā muktā bhavantīti mokṣe jīva-bahutvam uktam | tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ ity ādi-śrutibhyaś caitad avagatam ||2||

BhG 14.3

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃsayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtyedaṃ parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam arthaṃ kathayati mameti | deśataḥ kālataś cāparicchinnatvān mahat | bṛṃhitatvāt svakāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutvād vā brahma | prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | tan mahad brahma mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānam | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ jagad-vistāra-hetuṃ cid-ābhāsaṃ dadhāmi nikṣipāmi | pralaye mayi līnaṃ santam avidyā-kāma-karmānuśaya-vantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye bhoga-yogyena kṣetreṇa saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattir bhavati ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃśayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtya parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu sāṅkhya-siddhāntavat svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam artham āha mama yonir iti dvābhyām |

sarva-kāryāpekṣayādhikatvāt kāraṇaṃ mahat | sarva-kāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutva-rūpād bṛṃhaṇatvād brahma | avyākṛtaṃ prakṛtis triguṇātmkikā māyā mahad brahma | tac ca mameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yonau garbhaṃ sarva-bhūta-janma-kāraṇam ahaṃ bahu syāṃ prajāyeya itīkṣaṇa-rūpaṃ saṃkalpaṃ dadhāmi dhārayāmi tat-saṅkalpa-viṣayīkaromīty arthaḥ | yathā hi | kaścit pitā putram anuśayinaṃ vrīhy-ādy-āhāra-rūpeṇa svasmin līnaṃ śarīreṇa yojayituṃ yonau retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ garbham ādhatte | tasmāc ca garbhādhānāt sa putraḥ śarīreṇa yujyate | tad arthaṃ ca madhye kalalādy-avasthā bhavanti | tathā pralaye mayi līnam avidiyā-kāma-karmānuśayavantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye bhogyena kṣetreṇa kārya-kāraī̀ea-saṃghātena yojayituṃ cid-ābhāsaākhya-retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ māyā-vṛtti-rūpaṃ garbham aham ādadhāmi | tad-arthaṃ hiraṇyagarbhādīnāṃ bhavati he bhārata na tv īśvara-kṛta-garbhādhānaṃ vinety arthaḥ ||14.3||

viśvanāthaḥ : atha anādy-avidyā-kṛtasya guṇa-saṅgasya bandha-hetutā-prakāraṃ vaktuṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ sambhava-prakāram āha mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ mahad brahma deśa-kālānavacchinnatvāt mahat, bṛṃhaṇāt kārya-rūpeṇa vṛddher hetor brahma prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | śrutāv api kvacit prakṛtir brahmeti nirdiśyate | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ dadhāmy ādadhāmi | itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parāṃ jīva-bhūtām ity anena cetana-puñja-rūpā yā jīva-prakṛtis taṭastha-śakti-rūpā nirdiṣṭā sā sakala-prāṇi-jīvatayā garbha-śabdenocyate | tato mat-kṛtāt garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattiḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ vaktavyārtha-stutyā tasmin ruciṃ śrotur utpādya bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādi-dvayārthānusārāt yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit ity ādau prakṛti-jīva-saṃyogaṃ pareśa-hetukam abhimatam iha sphuṭayati mameti | mahat sarvasya prapañcasya kāraṇaṃ brahmābhivyakta-sattvādi-guṇakaṃ pradhānaṃ mama sarveśvarsyāṇḍa-koṭi-sraṣṭur yonir garbha-dhāraṇa-sthānaṃ bhavati | pradhāne brahma-śabdaś ca tasmād etad brahma nāma-rūpam annaṃ ca jāyate | iti śruteḥ | tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yoni-bhūte garbhaṃ paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśim ahaṃ dadhāmy arpayāmi bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādinā yā jaḍā prakṛtir uktā | seha mahad brahmety ucyate | itas tv anyām ity ādinā yā cetanā prakṛtir uktā seha sarva-prāṇi-bījatvād garbha-śabdeneti bhoga-kṣetra-bhūtayā jaḍayā prakṛtyā saha cetana-bhoktṛ-vargaṃ saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato mahad-dhetukāt prakṛti-dvaya-saṃyogād garbhādhānād vā sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stambāntānāṃ sambhavo janir bhavati ||3||

BhG 14.4

śrīdharaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-upakrama eva mad-adhiṣṭhānenābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyām ayaṃ bhūtotpatti-prakāraḥ | api tu sarvadaivety āha sarveti | sarvāsu yoniṣu manuṣyādyāsu yā mūrtayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtir yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ ca bīja-pradaḥ pitā garbhādhāna-kartā pitā ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kathaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tataḥ sambhavo devādi-deha-viśeṣāṇāṃ kāraṇāntara-sambhavād ity āśaṅkyāha sarva-yoniṣv iti | deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-paśu-mṛgādi-sarva-yoniṣu yā mūrtayo jarāyujāṇḍodbhijjādi-bhedena vilakṣaṇā vividha-saṃsthānās tanavaḥ saṃbhavanti he kaunteya! tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ tat-tat-kāraṇa-bhāvāpannaṃ mahad brahmaiva yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ parameśvaro bīja-prado garbhādhānasya kartā pitā | tena mahato brahmaṇa evāvasthā-viśeṣāḥ kāraṇāntarāṇīti yuktam uktaṃ sambhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati [Gītā 14.3] iti ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-utpatti-samaya eva sarva-bhūtānāṃ prakṛtir mātā ahaṃ pitā api tu sarvadaivety āha sarvāsu yoniṣu devādyāsu stamba-paryantāsu yā mūrtayo jaṅgama-sthāvarātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtiḥ | yonir utpatti-sthānaṃ mātā | ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ garbhādhāna-kartā pitā ||4||

baladevaḥ : sarveti | he kaunteya sarva-yoniṣu devādi-sthāvarāntāsu yoniṣu yā mūrtayas tanavaḥ sambhavanti tāsāṃ mahad brahma pradhānaṃ yonir utpatti-hetur mātety arthaḥ | jīva-pradas tat-karmānuguṇyena paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśi-saṃyojakaḥ pareśo 'haṃ pitā bhavāmi ||4||

BhG 14.5

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ parameśvarādhīnābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpyedānīṃ prakṛti-saṃyogena puruṣasya saṃsāraṃ prapañcayati | sattvam ity ādi caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ | prakṛteḥ sambhava udbhavo yeṣāṃ te tathoktāḥ | gūna-sāmyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sakāśāt pṛthaktveābhivyaktāḥ santaḥ prakṛti-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ cid-aṃśaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ nirīśvara-sāṅkhya-nirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvam uktam | idānīṃ kasmin guṇe saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnanti ? ity ucyate sattvam ity ādinānyam ity ataḥ prāk caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā nitya-paratantrāḥ puruṣaṃ prati sarveṣām acetanānāṃ cetanārthatvāt | na tu vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ rūpādivad dravyāśritāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam guṇa-trayātmakatvāt prakṛteḥ | tarhi kathaṃ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ ? ity ucyate - trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ sāmyāvasthā prakṛtir māyā bhagavats tasyāḥ sakāśāt parasparāṅgāṅgi-bhāvena vaiṣamyeṇa pariṇatāḥ prakṛti-sambhavā ity ucyante | te ca dehe prakṛti-kārye śarīrendriya-saṃghāte dehinaṃ deha-tādātmyādhyāsāpannaṃ jīvaṃ paramārthataḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnyatvenāvyayaṃ nibadhnanti nirvikāram eva santaṃ sva-vikāravattayopadarśayantīva bhrāntyā jala-pātrāṇīva divi sthitam ādityaṃ pratibimbādhyāsena sva-kampādimattayā | yathā ca pāramarthiko bandho nāsti tathā vyākhyātaṃ prāk - śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] iti ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad eva prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpeydānīṃ ke guṇā ucyante | teṣu saṅgāt jīvasya kīdṛśo bandha ity apekṣāyām āha sattvam iti | dehe prakṛti-kārye tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ jīvaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram asaṅginam apy anādy-avidyayā kṛtād guṇa-saṅgād eva hetor guṇā nibadhnanti ||5||

baladevaḥ : atha ke guṇāḥ kathaṃ teṣu puruṣasya saṅgaḥ kathaṃ vā te taṃ nibadhnanti ity āha sattvam iti caturbhiḥ | sattvādi-saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ prakṛter abhivyaktās te sva-kārye dehe sthitaṃ puruṣam avyayaṃ vastuto nirvikāram api nibadhnanty aviveka-gṛhītaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohaiḥ svadharmais taṃ yojayantīti ||5||

BhG 14.6

śrīdharaḥ : tatra sattvasya bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | tatra teṣāṃ guṇānāṃ madhye sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt sphaṭika-maṇir iva prakāśakaṃ bhāsvaram anāmayaṃ ca nirupadravam | śāntam ity arthaḥ | ataḥ śāntatvāt sva-kāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgas tena badhnāti | prakāśakatvāc ca svakāryeṇa jñānena yaḥ saṅgas tena ca badhnāti | he anagha niṣpāpa, ahaṃ sukhī jñānī ceti manodharmāṃs tad-abhimānini kṣetrajñe saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra ko guṇaḥ kena saṅgena badhnāti ? ity ucyate tatreti | tatra teṣu guṇeṣu madhye sattvaṃ prakāśakam caitanyasya tamo-guṇa-kṛtāvaraṇa-tirodhāyakaṃ nirmalatvāt svacchatvāc cid-bimba-grahaṇa-yogyatvād iti yāvat | na kevalaṃ caitanyābhivyañjakaṃ kintu anāmayaṃ | āmayo duḥkhaṃ tad-virodhi sukhasyāpi vyañjakam ity arthaḥ | tad badhnāti sukha-saṅgena ca dehinaṃ ! he anagha avyasana ! sarvatra sambodhanānām abhiprāyaḥ prāg uktaḥ smartavyaḥ | atra sukha-jñāna-śabdābhyām antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmau tad-vyañjakāv ucyete | icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ [Gītā 13.7] iti sukha-cetanayor apīcchādivat kṣetra-dharmatvena pāṭhāt | tatrāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmasya sukhasya jñānasya cātmany adhyāsaḥ saṅgo 'haṃ jāna iti ca | na hi viṣaya-dharmo viṣayiṇo bhavati | tasmād avidyā-mātram etad iti śataśa uktaṃ prāk ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ śāntam ity arthaḥ | | śāntatvāt svakāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgaḥ prakāśakatvāt svakāryeṇa jñānena ca yaḥ saṅgaḥ ahaṃ sukhī jñānī cety upādhi-dharmayor avidyayaiva jīvasyābhimānas tena taṃ badhnāti | he anagheti tvaṃ tu ahaṃ sukhī ahaṃ jñānīty abhimāna-lakṣaṇam aghaṃ mā svīkur iti bhāvaḥ ||6||

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādīnāṃ trayāṇāṃ lakṣaṇāni bandhakatva-prakārāṃś cāha tatreti tribhiḥ | tatra teṣu triṣu madhye prakāśakaṃ jñāna-vyañjakam anāmayam arogaṃ duḥkha-virodhi-sukha-vyañjakam iti yāvat | kutaḥ | nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt | tathā ca prakāśa-sukha-kāraṇaṃ sattvam iti | tac ca sattvaṃ sva-kārye jñāne sukhe ca yaḥ saṃyogo jñāny ahaṃ sukhy aham ity abhimānas tena puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | jñānaṃ cedaṃ laukika-vastu -yāthātmya-viṣayaṃ sukhaṃ ca dehendriya-prasada-rūpaṃ bodhyam | tatra tatra saṅge sati tad-upāyeṣu karmasu pravṛttis tat-phalānubhavopāyeṣu deheṣūtpattiḥ | punaś ca tatra tatra saṅga iti na sattvād vimuktiḥ ||6||

BhG 14.7

śrīdharaḥ : rajaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha raja iti | rajaḥ-saṃjñakaṃ guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | ataeva tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam | tṛṣṇāprāpter 'rthe 'bhilāṣaḥ | sagagaḥ prāPte 'rthe prītir viśeṣeṇāsaktiḥ | tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad-rajo dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā nitarāṃ badhnāti | tṛṣṇāsaṅgābhyāṃ hi karmasu āsaktir bhavatīty arthaḥ ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : rajyate viṣayeṣu puruṣo 'neneti rāgaḥ kāmo gardhaḥ sa evātmā svarūpaṃ yasya dharma-dharmitṇos tādātmyāt tad rāgātmakaṃ rajo viddhi | ata evāprāptābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | prāptasyopasthite 'pi vināśe saṃrakṣaṇābhilāṣa āsaṅgas tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tad rajo nibadhnāti | he kaunteya ! karma-saṅgena karmasu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu aham ikdaṃ karomy etat phalaṃ bhokṣya ity abhiniveśa-viśeṣeṇa dehinaṃ vastuto 'kartāram eva kartṛtvābhimāninaṃ rajasaḥ pravṛtti-hetutvāt ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : rajo-guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | tṛṣṇā aprāpte 'rthe abhilāṣaḥ | saṅgaḥ prāpte 'rthe āsaktiḥ | tayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad rajaḥ dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā badhnāti tṛṣṇā-saṅgābhyāṃ karmasv āsaktir bhavati ||7||

baladevaḥ : raja iti rāgaḥ strī-puruṣayor mitho 'bhilāsas tad-ātmakaṃ rajo-vṛddhi-hetu-kāryayos tādātmyāt | tac ca tṛṣṇādi-samudbhavaṃ śabdādi-viṣayābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | putra-mitrādi-saṃyogo 'bhilāṣaḥ saṅgas tayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tat | tathā ca rāga-tṛṣṇāsaṅga-kāraṇaṃ rajaḥ iti | tad rajaḥ strī-viṣaya-putrādi-prāpakeṣu karmasu saṅgenābhilāṣeṇa dehinaṃ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | stry-ādi-spṛhayā karmāṇi karoti | tāni tat-phalānubhavopāya-bhūtān stry-ādīn prāpayanti | punar apy evam iti rajaso na vimuktiḥ ||7||

BhG 14.8

śrīdharaḥ : tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha tama iti | tamas tv ajñānāj jātam āvaraṇa-śakti-pradhānāt prakṛty-aṃśād udbhutaṃ viddhīty arthaḥ | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | ataeva pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo dehinaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : tu-śabdaḥ sattva-rajopekṣayā viśeṣa-dyotanārthaḥ | ajñānād āvaraṇa-śakti-rūpād udbhūtam ajñāna-jaṃ tamo viddhi | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanam aviveka-rūpatvena bhrānti-janakam | pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo nibadhnāti | dehinam ity anuṣajyate | he bhārata | pramādo vastu-vivekāsāmarthyaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyaṃ pravṛtty-asāmarthyaṃ rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | ubhaya-virodhinī tamo-guṇālambanā vṛttir nidreti vivekaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : ajñānam ajñānāt svīya-phalāt jātaṃ pratītam anumitaṃ bhavatīty ajñānajam ajñāna-janakam ity arthaḥ | mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : tamas tv iti | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-dvitīyād viśeṣa-dyotakaḥ | vastu-yāthātmyāvagamo jñānaṃ tad-virodhy-āvarakatā-pradhānaṃ prakṛty-aṃśo 'jñānam | tasmāj jātaṃ tamo ætaḥ sarva-dehināṃ mohanaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakam | tathā ca vastu-yāthātmya-jñānāvarakaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakaṃ tamaḥ iti | tat tamaḥ pramādādibhiḥ svakāryaiḥ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam akārye karmaṇi pravṛtti-rūpaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyam anudyamaḥ, rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | tad-ubhaya-virodhinī tu nidrā cittasyāvasādātmeti ||8||

BhG 14.9

śrīdharaḥ : sattvādīnām evaṃ sva-sva-kārya-karaṇe sāmarthyātiśayam āha sattvam iti | sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati saṃśleṣayati | duḥkha-śokādi-kāraṇe sabhāpi sukhābhimukham eva dehinaṃ karotiīty arthaḥ | evaṃ sukhādi-kāraṇe saty api rajaḥ karmaṇy eva sañjayati | tamas tu mahat-saṅgena utpādyamānam api jñānam āvṛtyaācchādya pramāde sañjayati | mahadbhir upadiśyamānasyārthasyānavadhāne yojayati utāpi | ālasyādāv api saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ :

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam evārthaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa punar darśayati | sattvaṃ kartṛ sukhe svīya-phale āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ sañjayati vaśīkaroti nibadhnātīty arthaḥ | rajaḥ kartṛ karmāṇi āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ badhnāti | tamaḥ kartṛ pramāde 'bhirataṃ taṃ jñānam āvṛtya ajñānam utpādyety arthaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ : guṇāḥ svāny advayotkṛṣṭāḥ santaḥ svakārye tanvantīty āha sattvam iti dvābhyām | sattvam utkṛṣṭaṃ sat sva-kārye sukhe puruṣaṃ sañjayaty āsaktaṃ karoti | rajo utkṛṣṭaṃ sat karmāṇi taṃ sañjayati | tama utkṛṣṭaṃ sat pramāde taṃ sañjayati jñānam āvṛtyācchādyājñānam utpādyety arthaḥ ||9||

BhG 14.10

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha raja iti | rajas-tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati | adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tataḥ svakārye sukha-jñānādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati | tataḥ svakārye tṛṣṇākarmādau sañjayati | evaṃ tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati | tataś ca sva-kārye pramādālasyādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ kāryaṃ kadā kurvanti guṇāḥ ? ity ucyate raja iti | rajas tamaś ca yugapad ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati udbhavati vardhate yadā, tadā sva-kāryaṃ prāg-uktam asādhāraṇyena karotīti śeṣaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karoti | tathā tadvad eva tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cety ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karotīty arthaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktaṃ sva-sva-kāryaṃ sukhādikaṃ prati guṇāḥ kathaṃ prabhavantīty apekṣāyām āha rajas tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayābhibhūya tādṛśādṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati ||10||

baladevaḥ : sameṣu triṣu katham akasmād ekasyotkarṣa iti cet prācīna-tādṛśa-karmodayāt tādṛśāhārāc ca svabhavatīti bhavavān āha raja iti | sattvaṃ kartṛ rajas tamaś cābhibhūyo tiraskṛtyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | rajaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ tamaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | tamaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ rajaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | yadotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, tadā pūrvoktam asādhāraṇaṃ kāryaṃ karotīti śeṣaḥ ||10||

BhG 14.11

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ vivṛddhānāṃ liṅgāny āha sarva-dvāreṣv iti tribhiḥ | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā śabdādi-jñānātmakaḥ prakāśa upajāyate utpadyate tadānena prakāśaliṅgena sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāj jānīyāt | uta śabdāt sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity uktam ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm udbhūtānāṃ teṣāṃ liṅgāny āha tribhiḥ sarva-dvāreṣv iti | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣūpalabdhi-sādhaneṣu śrotrādi-karaṇeṣu yadā prakāśo buddhi-pariṇāma-viśeṣo viṣayākāraḥ sva-viṣayāvaraṇa-virodhī dīpavat, tad eva jñānaṃ śabdādi-viṣaya upajāyate tadānena śabdādi-viṣaya-jñānākhya-prakāśena liṅgena prakāśātmakaṃ sattvaṃ vivṛddham udbhūtam iti vidyāj jānīyāt | utāpi sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : vardhamāno guṇa eva svāpekṣayā kṣīṇāv itarau guṇāv abhivaatīty uktam | atas teṣāṃ vṛddhi-liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | sarva-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā prakāśaḥ syāt | kīdṛśaḥ | jñānaṃ vaidika-śabdādi-yathārtha-jñānātmakaṃ tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenaiva sattvaṃ vivṛddham iti jānīyāt | ut-śabdād ātmottha-sukhāṭtmakaḥ prakāśaś ca yadeti ||11||

baladevaḥ : utkṛṣṭānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | yadā sarveṣu jñāna-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu śabdādi-yāthātmya-prakāśa-rūpṃ jñānam upajāyate | tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenāsmin dehe sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt | utety apy arthe | sukha-liṅgenāpi tad vidyād ity arthaḥ ||11||

BhG 14.12

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca lobha iti | lobho dhanādy-āgame jāyamāne 'pi punaḥ punar vardhamāno 'bhilāṣaḥ | pravṛttir nityaṃ kurvad-rūpatā | karmaṇām ārambho mahā-gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvā idaṃ kariṣyāmi ity ādi saṅkalpa-vikalpānuparamaḥ | spṛhā uccāvaceṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu vastuṣu itas tato jighṛkṣā | rajasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhir jāānīyād ity arthaḥ ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : mahati dhanāgame jāyamāne 'py anukṣaṇaṃ vardhamānas tad-abhilāṣo lobhaḥ sva-viṣaya-prāpsya-nivartya icchā-viśeṣa iti yāvat | pravṛttir nirantaraṃ prayata-mānasā | ārambhaḥ karmaṇāṃ bahu-vitta-vyayāyāsa-karāṇāṃ kāmya-niṣiddha-laukika-mahā-gṛhādi-viṣayāṇāṃ vyāpārāṇām udyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvedaṃ kariṣyāmīti saṅkalpa-pravāhānuparamaḥ | spṛhoccāvaceṣu para-dhaneṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu yena kenāpy upāyenopāditsā | rajasi rāgātmake vivṛddha etāni rāgātmakāni liṅgāni jāyante | he bharatarṣabha ! etair liṅgair vivṛddhaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : pravṛttir nānā prayatna-paratā karmaṇām ārambho gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogānuparatiḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ : lobhaḥ sva-dravyātyāga-paratā | pravṛttis tad-vṛddhi-yatnaa-paratā | karmaṇāṃ gṛha-nirmāṇādīnām ārambhaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogād indriyāṇām anuparatiḥ | spṛhā viṣaya-lipsā | etair liṅgai rajo vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt ||12||

BhG 14.13

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca aprakāśa iti | aprakāśo viveka-bhraṃśaḥ | apravṛttir anudyamaḥ | pramādaḥ kartavyārthānusandhāna-rāhityam | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | tamasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhiṃ jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : aprakāśaḥ saty apy upadeśādau bodha-kāraṇe sarvathā bodhāyogyatvam | apravṛttiś ca saty apy agnihotraṃ juhuyād ity ādau pravṛtti-kāraṇaṃ janita-bodhe 'pi śāstre sarvathā tat-pravṛtty-ayogyatvam | pramādas tat-kāla-kartavyatvena prāptasya arthasyānusandhānābhāvaḥ | moha eva ca moho nidrā viparyayo vā | cau samuccaye | eva-kāro vyabhicāra-vāraṇārthaḥ | tamasy eva vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante he kuru-nandana ! ata etair liṅgair avayabhicāribhir vivṛddhaṃ tamo jānīyād ity arthaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : aprakāśo vivekābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-śabdādi-grahaṇam | apravṛttiḥ prayatna-mātra-rāhityam | pramādaḥ kaṇṭhādi-dhṛte 'pi vastuni nāstīti pratyayaḥ | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ ||13||

baladevaḥ : aprakāśo jñānābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-viṣaya-graha-rūpo 'pravṛttiḥ kriyā-vimukhatā | pramādaḥ karādisthe 'py arthe nāstīti pratyayo moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | etair liṅgais tamo vivṛdhaṃ vidyāt ||13||

BhG 14.14

śrīdharaḥ : maraṇa-samaya eva vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattva pravṛddhe sati yadā jīvo mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti tadā uttamān hiraṇyagarbhādīn vidanti upāsata ity uttama-vidaḥ teṣāṃ ye amalāḥ prakāśamayā lokāḥ sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣās tān pratipadyate prāpnoti ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ maraṇa-samaye vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ yāti prāpnoti deha-bhṛd dehābhimānī jīvaḥ, tadottamā ye hiraṇyagarbhādayas tad-vidāṃ tad-upāsakānāṃ lokān deva-sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣān amalān rajas-tamo-mala-rahitān pratipadyate prāpnoti ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : pralayaṃ yāti mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti | tadā uttamaṃ vindanti labhanta ity uttama-vido hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakās teṣāṃ lokān amalān sukha-pradān ||14||

baladevaḥ : mṛti-kāle vivṛddhānāṃ guṇānāṃ phala-viśeṣān āha yad eti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā deha-bhṛj jīvaḥ pralayaṃ yāti mriyate, tadottama-vidāṃ hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakānāṃ lokān divya-bhogopetān pratipadyate labhate | amalān rajas-tamo-mala-hīnān ||14||

BhG 14.15

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca rajasīti | rajasi pravṛddhe sati mṛtyuṃ prāpya karmāsakteṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe sati pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyate ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe sati pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ gatvā prāpya karma-saṅgiṣu śruti-smṛti-vihita-pratiṣiddha-karma-phalādhikāriṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tadvad eva tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu jāyate ||15||

baladevaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe pralayṃ maraṇaṃ gatvā janaḥ karma-saṅgiṣu kāmya-karmāsakteṣu nṛṣu madhye jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto jano mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu ||15||

BhG 14.16

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ svānurūpa karma-dvāreṇa vicitra-phala-hetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikaṃ sattva-pradhānaṃ nirmalaṃ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ kapilādayaḥ | rajasa iti rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | karma-phala-kathanasya prakṛtatvāt | tasya duḥkhaṃ phalam āhuḥ | tamasa iti tāmasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | tasyājñānaṃ mūḍhatvaṃ phalam āhuḥ | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādinā aṣṭādaśe 'dhyāye vakṣyati ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ svānurūpa-karma-dvārā sattvādīnāṃ vicitra-phalatāṃ saṃkṣipyāha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo dharmasya sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttaṃ nirmalaṃ rajas-tamo-malāmiśritaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ paramarṣayau | rajaso rājasasya tu karmaṇaḥ pāpa-miśrasya puṇyasya phalaṃ rājasaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkha-bahulam alpaṃ sukhaṃ kāraṇānurūpyāt kāryasya | ajñānam aviveka-prāyaṃ duḥkhaṃ tāmasaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'dharmasya phalam | āhur ity anuṣajyate | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādināṣṭādaśe vakṣyati | atra rajas-tamaḥ-śabdau tat-kārye prayuktau kārya-kāraṇayor abhedopacārāt gobhiḥ śrīṇīta matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdas tat-prabhave payasi, yathā vā dhānyam asi dhinuhi devān ity atra dhānya-śabdas tat-prabhave taṇḍule | tatra payas taṇḍulayor ivātrāpi karmaṇaḥ prakṛtatvāt ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ nirupadravam | ajñānam acetanatā ||16||

baladevaḥ : atha guṇānāṃ svānurūpakarmadvārā vicitra-phala-hjetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo nirmalaṃ phalam āhur guṇa-svabhāva-vido munayo mala-duḥkha-moha-rūpa-rajas-tamaḥ-phala-lakṣaṇān nirgataṃ sukham ity arthaḥ | tac ca sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttam | rajaso rājasasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ kāryasya kāraṇānurūpyād duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukham ity arthaḥ | tamas tāmasasya karmaṇo hiṃsādeḥ phalam ajñāna-caitanya-prāyaṃ duḥkham evety arthaḥ | tatra rajas-tamah-śabdābhyāṃ rājasa-tāmasa-karmaṇī lakṣye gobhiḥ prīṇita-matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdena go-payo lakṣyate | sāttvikādi-karmaṇāṃ lakṣaṇāny aṣṭādaśe vakṣyante niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādibhiḥ ||16||

BhG 14.17

śrīdharaḥ : tatraiva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāj jñānaṃ sañjāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho jāyate | tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | tamasas tu pramāda-mohājñānāni bhavanti | tatas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'jñāna-prāpakaṃ phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-phala-vaicitrye pūrvoktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sarva-karaṇa-dvārakaṃ prakāśa-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ sattvāt saṃjāyate | atas tad-anurūpaṃ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho viṣaya-koṭi-prāptyāpi nivartayitum aśakyo 'bhilāṣa-viśeṣo jāyate | tasya ca nirantaram upacīyamānasya pūrayitum aśakyasya sarvadā duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya rājasasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | evaṃ pramāda-mohau tamasaḥ sakāśād bhavato jāyete | ajñānam eva ca bhavati | eva-kāraḥ prakāśa-pravṛtti-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | atas tāmasasya karmaṇas tāmasam ajñānādi-prāyam eva phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ | atra cājñānam aprakāśaḥ | pramādo mohaś cāprakāśo 'pravṛttiś cety atra vyākhyātau ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : īdṛk-phala-vaicitrye prāg uktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāt prakāśa-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-pracuraṃ sukhaṃ phalam | rajaso lobhas tṛṣṇā-viśeṣo yo viṣayakoṭibhir apy abhisevitair duṣpūras tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukhaṃ phalam | tamasas tu pramādādīni bhavanty atas tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo 'caitanya-pracuraṃ duḥkham eva phalam ||17||

BhG 14.18

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtti-śīlānāṃ phala-bhedam āha ūrdhvam iti | sattva-sthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-pradhānāḥ | ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvotkarṣa-tāratamyād uttarottaraṇataguṇānandān manuṣya-gandharva-pitṛdevādi-lokān satya-loka-paryantān prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ | rājasās tu tṛṣṇādy-ākulā madhye tiṣṭhanti | manuṣya-loka eva utpadyante | jaghanyo nikṛṣṭas tamo-guṇaḥ | tasya vṛttiḥ pramāda-mohādiḥ | atra sthitā adhogacchanti | tamaso vṛtti-tāratamyāt tāmisrādiṣu nirayeṣu utpadyante ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtta-sthānāṃ prāg-uktam eva phalam ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | atra tṛtīye guṇe vṛtta-śabda-yogād ādyayor api vṛttam eva vivakṣitam | tena sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtte śāstrīye jñāne karmaṇi ca niratā ūrdhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantaṃ deva-lokaṃ gacchanti te deveṣūtpadyante jñāna-karma-tāratamyena | tathā madhye manuṣya-loke puṇya-pāpa-miśre tiṣṭhanti na tūrdhvaṃ gacchanty adho vā manuṣyeṣūtpadyante rājasā rajo-guṇa-vṛtte lobhādi-pūrvake rājase karmaṇi niratāḥ | jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttasthā jaghanyasya guṇa-dvayāpekṣayā paścād-bhāvino nikṛṣṭasya tamaso guṇasya vṛtte nidrālasyādau sthitā adho gacchanti paścādiṣūtpadyante | kadācij jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ sāttvikā rājasāś ca bhavanty ata āha tāmasāḥ sarvadā tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ | itareṣāṃ kadācit tad-vṛtta-sthatve 'pi na tat-pradhānateti bhāvaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : sattva-sthāḥ sattv-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantam | madhye manusya-loka eva | jaghanyaś cāsau guṇaś ceti tasya vṛttiḥ pramādālasyādis tatra sthitā adho gacchanti narakaṃ yānti ||18||

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādi-vṛtti-niṣṭhānāṃ tāny eva phalāny ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | tamasi vṛtti-śabdād itarayoś ca vṛttir vivakṣitā | sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-niṣṭhāḥ sattva-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satyaloka-paryantaṃ gacchanti | rājasā rajo-vṛtti-niṣṭhā madhye puṇya-pāpa-miśrite manuṣya-loke tiṣṭhanti | manuṣyā eva bhavanti rajas-tāratamyena | jaghanyaḥ sattva-rajo 'pekṣayā nikṛṣṭo yo guṇas tamaḥ-saṃjñas tad-vṛttau pramādādau sthitās tv adho gacchanti tamas-tāratamyena paśu-pakṣi-sthāvarādi-yoniṃ labhante | tāmasā ity uktis teṣāṃ sarvadā tamasi sthitiṃ vyanakti ||18||

BhG 14.19

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ prakṛti-guṇa-saṅga-kṛtaṃ saṃsāra-prapañcam uktvā idānīṃ tad-vivekato mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti | yadā tu draṣṭā vivekī bhūtvā buddhyādyākāra-pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati | api tu guṇa eva karmāṇi kurvantīti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vyatiriktaṃ tat-sākṣiṇam ātmānaṃ vetti | sa tu mad-bhāvaṃ brahmatvam adhigacchati prāpnoti ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : asminn adhyāye vaktavyatvena prastutam artha-trayam | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīty artha-dvayam uktam | adhunā tu guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyam avaśiṣyate | tatra mithyā-jñānātmakatvād guṇānāṃ samyag-jñānāt tebhyo mokṣaṇam ity āha nānyam iti | guṇebhyaḥ kārya-kāraṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ yadā draṣṭā vicāra-kuśalaḥ sann anupaśyati vicāram anu na paśyati guṇā evāntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇa-śarīra-viṣaya-bhāvāpannāḥ sarva-karmaṇāṃ kartāra iti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca tat-tad-avasthā-viśeṣeṇa pariṇatebhyaḥ paraṃ guṇa-tat-kāryāsaṃspṛṣṭaṃ tad-bhāsakam ādityam iva jala-tat-kampādy-asaṃspṛṣṭaṃ nirvikāraṃ sarva-sākṣiṇaṃ sarvatra samaṃ kṣetrajñam ekaṃ vetti | mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatāṃ sa draṣṭādhigacchati ||19||

vīśvāṇaṭḥaḥ : guṇa-kṛtaṃ saṃsāraṃ darśayitvā guṇātītaṃ mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti dvābhyām | guṇebhyaḥ kartṛ-karaṇ-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ draṣṭā jīvo yadā nānupaśyati, kintu guṇā eva sadaiva kartāra ity evam anupaśyati anubhavatīty arthaḥ | guṇebhyaḥ paraṃ vyatirikam evātmānaṃ vetti tadā sa draṣṭā mad-bhāvaṃ mayi sāyujyam adhigacchati prāpnoti | tatra tādṛśa-jñānānantaram api mayi parāṃ bhaktiṃ kṛtvaiva ity upānta-ślokārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam ||19||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ guṇa-vivekāt saṃsāram uktvā tad-vivekān mokṣam āha nānyam iti dvābhyām | draṣṭā tattva-yāthātmya-darśī jīvo yadā dehendriyātmanā pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati guṇān kartĪn paśyaty ātmānaṃ guṇebhyaḥ parama-kartāraṃ vetti | tadā sa mad-bhāvam adhigacchati | ayam āśayaḥ -- na khalu vijñānānando viśuddho jīvo yuddha-yajñādi-duḥkhamaya-karmaṇāṃ kartā, kintu guṇamaya-dehendriyavān eva saṃstatheti guṇa-hetukatvād guṇa-niṣṭhaṃ tat-karma-kartṛtvaṃ na tu viśuddhātma-niṣṭham iti yadānupaśyati, tadā mad-bhāvam asaṃsāritvaṃ mat-para-bhaktiṃ vā | labhata iti purāpy etad abhāṣi | iha guṇa-hetukaṃ kartṛtvaṃ śuddhasya niṣiddhaṃ, na tu śuddha-niṣṭham iti | tasya draṣṭā ity ādinoktam ||19||

BhG 14.20

śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca guṇa-kṛta-sarvānartha-nivṛttyā kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha guṇān iti | dehādyākāraḥ samudbhavaḥ pariṇāmo yeṣāṃ te deha-samudbhavāḥ | tān etāṃ trīn api guṇān atītyātikramya tat-kṛtair janmādibhir vimuktaḥ sann amṛtam aśnute paramānandaṃ prāpnoti ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : katham adhigacchatīty ucyate - guṇān iti | guṇān etān māyātmakās trīn sattva-rajas-tamo-nāmno deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān atītya jīvann eva tattva-jñānena bādhitvā janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janmanā mṛtyunā jarayā duḥkhaiś cādhyātmikādibhir māyā-mayair vimukto jīvann eva tat-sambandha-śūnyaḥ san vidvān amṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute prāpnoti ||20||

baladevaḥ : mad-bhāva-padenoktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati guṇān iti | dehī deha-madhya-stho 'pi jīvo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-balenaitān deha-samudbhavān dehotpādaāṃs trīn guṇān atītyollaṅghya janmādibhir vimukto 'mṛtam ātmānam aśnute 'nubhavati | so 'yam asaṃsāritva-lakṣaṇo mad-bhāvo mat-para-bhakti-pātratā-lakṣaṇo vā | evaṃ vakṣyati brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā ity ādi ||20||

BhG 14.21

śrīdharaḥ : guṇān etān atītyāmṛtam aśnuta ity etat śrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | he prabho kair liṅgaiḥ kīdṛśair ātma-vyutpannaiś cihnair guṇātīto dehī bhavatīti lakṣaṇa-praśnaḥ | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kathaṃ vartata ity arthaḥ | kathaṃ ca kenopāyena etāṃs trīn api guṇān atītya vartate | tat kathayety arthaḥ ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : guṇān etān atītya jīvann evāmṛtam aśnuta ity etac chrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam cācāraṃ ca guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | etān guṇān atīto yaḥ sa kair liṅgair viśiṣṭo bhavati | yair liṅgaiḥ sa jñātuṃ śakyas tāni me brūhīty ekaḥ praśnaḥ | prabhutvād bhṛtya-duḥkhaṃ bhagavataiva nivāraṇīyam iti sūcayan sambodhayati prabho iti | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kiṃ yatheṣṭa-ceṣṭaḥ kiṃ vā niyantrita iti dvitīyaḥ praśnaḥ | kathaṃ vā kena ca prakāreṇaitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate 'tikrāmatīti guṇātītatvopāyaḥ ka iti tṛtīyaḥ praśnaḥ ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā dvitīyādhyāye pṛṣṭam apy arthaṃ punas tato 'pi viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchati kair liṅgaiḥ ity ekaḥ praśnaḥ | kaiś cihnais triguṇātītaḥ sa jñeya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ | guṇātītatva-prāpteḥ kiṃ sādhanam ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādau sthita-prajño guṇātītaḥ kathaṃ syād iti tadānīṃ na pṛṣṭam idānīṃ tu pṛṣṭam iti viśeṣaḥ ||21||

baladevaḥ : guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ ca guṇātyaya-sādhanaṃ cārjunaḥ pṛcchati kair ity ardhakena | prathamaḥ praśnaḥ kaiś cihnair guṇātīto jñātuṃ śakya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ sa kiṃ yatheṣṭācāro niyatācāro vety arthaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ kena sādhanena guṇān atyetīty arthaḥ ||21||

BhG 14.22

śrīdharaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā dvitīye 'dhyāye pṛṣṭam api dattottaram api punar viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchatīti jñātvā prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi ṣaḍbhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇam āha prakāśam iti | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'sminn iti pūrvoktaṃ sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni santi duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | nivṛttāni ca santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, guṇātītaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā pṛṣṭam api prajahāti yadā kāmān [Gītā 2.55] ity ādinā dattottaram api punaḥ prakārāntareṇa bubhūtsamānaḥ pṛcchatīty avadhāya prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ ślokaiḥ | yas tāvat kair liṅgair yukto guṇātīto bhavatīti praśnas tasyottaraṃ śṛṇu | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-kāryaṃ | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat | sarvāṇy api guṇa-kāryāṇi yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni sva-sāmagrī-vaśād udbhūtāni santi duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | tathā vināśa-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni tāni sukha-rūpāṇy api santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati na kāmayate svapnavan mithyātva-niścayāt | etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo yaḥ sa guṇātīta ucyata iti caturtha-śloka-gatenānvayaḥ | idaṃ ca svātma-pratyakṣaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ svārtham eva na parārtham | na hi svāśritau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paraḥ pratyetum arhati ||22||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra kair liṅgair guṇātīto bhavatīti prathama-praśnasyottaram āha prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate iti sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | guṇa-kāryāṇy etāni nivṛttāni ca sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, sa guṇātīta ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | sampravṛttānīti klīb-antam ārṣam ||22||

baladevaḥ : yadyapi sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā pṛṣṭam idaṃ prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ādinottaritaṃ ca, tathāpi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā pṛcchatīti vidhāntareṇa tasya lakṣāṇādīny āha bhagavān prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇaṃ sva-saṃvedyam āha prakāśaṃ sattva-kāryaṃ pravṛttiṃ rajaḥ-kāryaṃ mohaṃ tamaḥ-kāryaṃ etāni trīṇi sampravṛttāny utpādaka-sāmagrī-vaśāt prāptāni duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi, vināśaka-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni vinaṣṭāni tāni sukha-rūpāny api sukha-buddhyā yo nākāṅkṣati, etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | svagatau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paro na veditum arhatīti sva-saṃvedyam idaṃ lakṣaṇam ||22||

BhG 14.23

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ sva-saṃvedyaṃ guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam uktvā para-saṃvedyaṃ tasya lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ dvitīya-praśnasya kim ācāra ity asyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | udāsīnavat sākṣitayāsīnaḥ sthitaḥ san guṇair guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir na yo vicālyate svarūpān na pracyavate api tu guṇā eva svakāryeṣu vartante | etair mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tuṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati | parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na calati ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ lakṣ HERE

viśvanāthaḥ : kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir yo na vicālyate svarūpāvasthān na cyavate, api tu guṇa eva sva-sva-kāryeṣu vartanta ity eveti ebhir mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na kvāpi daihika-kṛtye yatate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti guṇātītasya etāni cihnāni etān ācārāṃś ca dṛṣṭvaiva guṇātīto vaktavyo na tu guṇātītatvopapatti-vāvadūko guṇātīto vaktavya iti bhāvaḥ ||23-25||

baladevaḥ : atha para-saṃvedya-lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīneti tribhiḥ | udāsīno madhyastho yathā vivādinoḥ pakṣagrahaiḥ sva-mādhyasthyān na vicālyate, tayā sukha-duḥkhādi-bhāvena parṇatair guṇair yo nātmāvasthitair vicālyate, kintu guṇāḥ sva-kāryeṣu prakāśādiṣu vartante | mama tair na sambandha iti niścitya tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhate | neṅgate guṇa-kāryānurūpeṇa na ceṣṭate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ ||23||

BhG 14.24

śrīdharaḥ : api ca sameti | same sukha-duḥkhe yasya | yataḥ svasthaḥ svarūpa eva sthitaḥ | ataeva samāni loṣṭāśma-kājcanāni yasya | tulye piryāpriye sukha-duḥkha-hetu-bhūte yasya | dhīro dhīmān | tulyo nindā cātmanaḥ saṃstutiś ca yasya ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : same duḥkha-sukhe dveṣa-rāga-śūnyatayānātma-dharmatayānṛtatayā ca yasya sa sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | kasmād evaṃ yasmāt svasthaḥ svasminn ātmany eva sthito dvaita-darśana-śūnyatvāt | ata eva samāni heyopādeya-bhāva-rahitāni loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāni yasya sa tathā | loṣṭaḥ pāṃsu-piṇḍaḥ | ata eva tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane yasya hita-sādhanatva-buddhi-viṣayatvābhāvenopekṣaṇīyatvāt | dhīro dhīmān dhṛtimān vā | ata eva tulye | nindātma-saṃstutī doṣa-kīrtana-guṇa-kīrtane yasya sa guṇātīta ucyata iti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca sameti | yato 'yaṃ svasthaḥ svarūpa-niṣṭho 'taeva sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥṅ same anātma-dharmatvāt tulye sukha-duḥkhe yasya saḥ | samāny anupādeyatayā tulyāni losṭrādīni yasya saḥ | loṣṭra-mṛt-piṇḍa-tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane vastunī yasya saḥ | dhīraḥ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-kuśalaḥ | tulye nindātma-saṃstutī yasya saḥ | tat-prayojakayor doṣa-guṇayor ātma-gatatvābhāvād ity arthaḥ | ya īdṛśo guṇatītaḥ sa ucyata iti dvitīyenānvayaḥ ||24||

BhG 14.25

śrīdharaḥ : api ca māneti | māne 'pamāne ca tulyaḥ | mitra-pakṣe 'ripakṣe ca tulyaḥ | sarvān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthān ārambhān udyamān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evambhūtācāra-yukto guṇātīta ucyate ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : mānaḥ sat-kāra ādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | apamānas tiraskāro 'nādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | tayos tulyo harṣa-viṣāda-śūnyaḥ | nindā-stutī śabda-rūpe mānāpamānau tu śabdam antareṇāpi kāya-mano-vyāpāra-viśeṣāv iti bhedaḥ | atra pa-kāra-va-kārayoḥ pāṭha-vikalpe 'py arthaḥ sa eva | tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ | mitra-pakṣasyevāri-pakṣasyāpi dveṣāviṣayaḥ svayaṃ tayor anugraha-nigraha-śūnya iti vā | sarvārambha-parityāgī | ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ karmāṇi tān sarvān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa tathā | deha-yātrā-mātra-vyatirekeṇa sarva-karma-parityāgīty arthaḥ | udāsīnavad āsīna ity ādy-ukta-prakārācāro guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate | yad uktam upekṣakatvādi tad-vidyodayāt pūrvaṃ yatna-sādhyaṃ vidyādhikāriṇā sādhanatvenānuṣṭheyam utpannāyāṃ tu vidyāyāṃ jīvan-muktasya guṇātītasyoktaṃ dharma-jātam ayatna-siddhaṃ lakṣaṇatvena tiṣṭhaty arthaḥ ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : māneti sphuṭārthaḥ | nindāstutī vāg-vyāpāreṇa sādhye | mānāpamānau tu kāyamanovyāpāreṇāpi syātām iti bhedaḥ | sarveti deha-yātrā-mātrād anyat sarva-karma grāhyam | ya īdṛśo guṇātītaḥ undāsīnavat ity ādy uktā yasyācārḥ parair api saṃvedyāḥ sa guṇātīto bodhyo na tu tad-upapatti-vāvadūka iti bhāvaḥ ||25||

BhG 14.26

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti | asya praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca-śabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram avyabhicāreṇa ekāntena bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa etān guṇān samatītya samyag atikramya brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhāvāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati ||26||

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā katham etān guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasya prativacanam āha māṃ ceti | cas tv-arthaḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ sarva-bhūtāntaryāmiṇaṃ māyayā kṣetrajñatām āgataṃ paramānanda-ghanaṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam avyabhicāreṇa parama-prema-lakṣaṇena bhakti-yogena dvādaśādhyāyoktena yaḥ sevate sadā cintayati sa mad-bhakta etān prāg-uktān guṇān samatītya samyag-atikramyādvaita-darśanena bādhitvā brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhavanāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati | sarvadā bhagavac-cintanam eva guṇātītatvopāya ity arthaḥ ||26||

viśvanāthaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti tṛtīyapraśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca evārthe | mām eva śyāmasundarākāraṃ parameśvaraṃ bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa eva brahma-bhūyāya brahmatvāya brahmānubhavāya yāvat bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-vākye ekayeti viśeṣaṇopanyāsāt mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te ity atrāpi eva-kāra-prayogāt bhaktyā vinā prakārāntareṇa brahmānubhavo na bhavatīti niścayāt | bhakti-yogena kīdṛśena | avyabhicāreṇa karma-jñānādy-amiśreṇa niṣkāma-karmaṇo nyāsa-śravaṇāt | jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset iti jñānināṃ carama-daśāyāṃ jñānasyāpi nyāsa-śravaṇāt | bhakti-yogasya tu kvāpi nyāsāśravaṇāt bhakti-yoga eva so 'vyabhicāraḥ | tena karma-yogam iva jñāna-yogam api parityājya yady avyabhicāreṇa kevalenaiva bhaktiyogena sevate, tarhi jñānī api guṇātīto bhavati, nānyathā | ananya-bhaktas tu nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ ity ekādaśokter guṇātīto bhavaty eva | atra idaṃ tattvaṃ VEṛṣE ity atrāsaṅginaḥ karmiṇo jñānino vā sāttvikatvenaiva sādhakatvāvagates tat-sāhacaryāt nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ iti bhaktaḥ sādhaka evāvagamyate | tataś ca jñānī jñāna-siddhaḥ sann eva sāttvikatvaṃ parityajya guṇātīto bhavati | bhaktas tu sādhaka-daśām ārabhyaiva guṇātīto bhavatīty artho labhyate | atra ca-kāro 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇam avyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena dvādaśādyāyoktena yaḥ sevata iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate ||26||

baladevaḥ : kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | co 'vadhāraṇe | nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ karāram ity ādy-uktyā yo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-khyātim avāpa tayaiva tasyā guṇātyayo na saṃsidhyati, kintu tadvān api yo māṃ kṛṣṇam eva māyā-guṇāspṛṣṭaṃ māyā-niyantāraṃ nāyāyaṇādi-rūpeṇa bahudhāvirbhūtaṃ cid-ānanda-ghanaṃ sārvajñy-ādi-guṇa-ratnālayam avyabhicāreṇaikāntikena bhakti-yogena sevate śrayati sa etān duratyayān api guṇān atītyākramya brahma-bhūyāya kalpate guṇāṣṭa-viśiṣṭatvāya[*ENDNOTE] nija-dharmāya yogyo bhavati | taṃ dharmaṃ labhata ity arthaḥ | jīve brahma-śabdas tūkta eva prk, tathā ca bhakti-śiraskayaiva tad-viveka-khyātyā jīvasya svarūpa-lābho, na tu kevalayā tayety uktam | yat tu brahma-bhūyāya ity anena mad-rūpatāṃ sa yātīti pārtha-sārathinopadiṣṭam iti vyācaṣṭe | tan-niravadhānam eva tenaivedaṃ jñānam ity ādinā mokṣe 'pi | svarūpa-bhedasyābhihitatvāt nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyam upaiti ity ādi śrutiṣv api tatra tasya dṛṣṭatvād aṇutva-vibhutvādi-nitya-dharma-kṛtatvena nityatvāc ca tad-bhedasya tasmād guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭatvam eva brahaiva san brahmāpy eti iti śrutyau tu brahma-sadṛśaḥ san bramāpy eti prāpnotīty arthaḥ | evaupamye 'vadhāraṇe iti viśva-prakāśāt | vavā yathā tathaivevaṃ sāmye ity amara-koṣāc ca | anyathā brahma-bhāvottaro brahmāpyayo

BhG 14.27

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmād brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā pratimā | ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāham | yathā ghanībhūtaḥ prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ | tathāvyayasya nityasya | amṛtasya mokṣasya ca nitya-muktatvāt | tathā tat-sādhanasya śāśvatasya dharmasya ca śiddja-sattvātmakatvāt | tathaikāntikasya akhaṇḍitasya sukhasya ca pratiṣṭhāham | paramānandaik-rūpatvāt | ato mat-sevino mad-bhāvasyāvaśyambhāvitvād yuktam evoktaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti ||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : atra hetum āha brahmaṇa iti | brahmaṇas tat-pada-vācyasya sopādhikasya jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetoḥ pratiṣṭhā pāramārthikaṃ nirvikalpalpakaṃ sac-cid-ānandātmakaṃ nirupādhikaṃ tat-pada-lakṣyam ahaṃ nivikalpako vāsudevaḥ pratitiṣṭhaty atreti pratiṣṭhā kalpita-rūpa-rahitam akalpitaṃ rūpam | ato yo mām upādhikaṃ brahma sevate sa brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti yuktam eva |

kīdṛśasya brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhāham ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ viśeṣaṇāni amṛtasya vināśa-rahitasya, avyayasya vipariṇāma-rahitasya ca, śāśvatasyāpakṣaya-rahitasya ca, dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇa-dharma-prāpyasya, sukhasya paramānanda-rūpasya | sukhasya viṣayendriya-saṃyogajatvaṃ vārayati aikāntikasyāvyabhicāriṇaḥ sarvasmin deśe kāle ca vidyamānasyaikāntika-sukha-rūpasyety arthaḥ | etādṛśasya brahmaṇo yasmād ahaṃ vāstavaṃ svarūpaṃ tasmān mad-bhaktaḥ saṃsārān mucyata iti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ brahmaṇā bhagavantaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ prati -

ekas tvam ātmā puruṣaḥ purāṇaḥ satyaḥ svayaṃ jyotir ananta ādyaḥ | nityo 'kṣaro 'jasra-sukho nirañjanaḥ

atra sarvopādhi-śūnya ātmā brahma tvam ity arthaḥ | śukenāpi stutim antareṇaivoktam -

sarveṣām api vastūnāṃ bhāvārtho bhavati sthitaḥ |

sarveṣām eva kārya-vastūnāṃ bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpaḥ paramārtho bhavati kāryākāreṇa jāyamāne sopādhike brahmaṇi sthitaḥ kāraṇa-sattātiriktāyāḥ kārya-sattāyā anabhyupagamāt | tasyāpi bhavataḥ kāraṇasya sopādhikasya brahmaṇo bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpo 'rtho bhagavān kṛṣṇaḥ sopādhikasya nirupādhike kalpitatvāt kalpitasya cādhiṣṭhānān atirekāt, bhagavataḥ kṛṣṇasya ca sarva-kalpanādhiṣṭhānatvena paramārtha-satya-nirupādhi-brahma-rūpatvāt | ataḥ kim atad-vastu tasmāc chrī-kṛṣṇād anyad vastu paramārthikaṃ kiṃ nirūpyatāṃ tad evaikaṃ paramārthikaṃ nānyat kim apīty arthaḥ | tad etad ihāpy uktaṃ brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti |

athavā tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ nu brahma-bhāvāya kalpyate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | brahmaṇaḥ paramātmanaḥ pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eva na tu mad-bhinnaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | tathāmṛtasya amṛtatvasya mokṣasya cāvyayasya sarvathānucchedyasya ca ca pratiṣṭhāham eva | mayy eva mokṣaḥ paryavastio mat-prāptir eva mokṣa ity arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya nitya-mokṣa-phalasya dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya ca paryāptir aham eva | jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇo dharmo mayy eva paryavasito na tena mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit prāpyam ity arthaḥ | tathaikāntikasya sukhasya ca paryāptir aham eva parmānanda-rūpatvān na mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit sukhaṃ prāpyam astīty arthaḥ | tasmād yuktam evoktaṃ mad-bhakto brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti ||27||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu mad-bhaktānāṃ kathaṃ nirguṇa-brahmatva-prāptiḥ ? sā tu advitīya-tad-ekānubhavenaiva sambhavet | tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmāt parama-pratiṣṭhātvena prasiddhaṃ yad brahma tasyāpy ahaṃ pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'sminn iti pratiṣṭhā āśrayo 'nna-mayādiṣu śrutiṣu sarvatraiva pratiṣṭhā-padasya tathārthatvāt | tathāmṛtasya pratiṣṭhā kiṃ svargīya-sudhāyāḥ ? na | avyayasya nāśa-rahitasya mokṣasyety arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya dharmasya sādhana-phala-daśayor api nitya-sthitasya bhakty-ākhyasya parama-dharmasyāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā, tathā tat-prāpyasyaikāntika-bhakta-sambandhinaḥ sukhasya premṇaś cāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā | ataḥ sarvasyāpi mad-adhīnatvāt kaivalya-kāmanayā kṛtena mad-bhajanena brahmaṇi līyamāno brahmatvam api prāpnoti |

atra brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāhaṃ yathā ghanībhūta-prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | sūryasya tejo-rūpatve 'pi yathā tejasa āśrayatvam apy ucyate | evaṃ me kṛṣṇasya brahma-rūpatve 'pi brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhātvam api | atra śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇam api pramāṇam -- śubhāśrayaḥ sa cittasya sarvagasya tathātmanaḥ [ViP 6.7.76] iti vyākhyātaṃ ca tatrāpi svāmi-caraṇaiḥ | sarvagasyātmanaḥ para-brahmaṇo 'pi āśrayaḥ pratiṣṭhā | tad uktaṃ bhagavatā brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti | tathā viṣṇu-dharme 'pi naraka-dvādaśī-prasaṅge -

prakṛtau puruṣe caiva brahmaṇy api sa prabhuḥ | yathaika eva puruṣo vāsudevo vyavasthitaḥ || iti |

tatraiva māsarkṣa-pūjā-prasaṅe --

yathācyutas tvaṃ parataḥ parasmāt sa brahma-bhūtāt parataḥ parātmā | iti |

tathā hari-vaṃśe 'pi vipra-kumārānayana-prasaṅge arjunaṃ prati śrī-bhagavad-vākyaṃ --

brahma-saṃhitāyām api (5.40) --

yasya prabhā prabhavato jagad-aṇḍa-koṭi- koṭīṣv aśeṣa-vasudhādi-vibhūti-bhinnam | tad brahma niṣkalam anantam aśeṣa-bhūtaṃ govindam ādi-puruṣaṃ tam ahaṃ bhajāmi || iti |

aṣṭama-skandhe ca (8.24.38) --

madīyaṃ mahimānaṃc ca para-brahmeti śabditam | vetsyasy anugṛhītaṃ me sampraśnair vivṛtaṃ hṛdi || iti bhagavad-uktiś ca |

madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate sma yathā -- nanu tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eveti | paryāptiḥ paripūrṇatā ity amaraḥ |

parākṛta-mano-dvandvaṃ paraṃ brahma narākṛti | saundarya-sāra-sarvasvaṃ vande nandātmajaṃ mahaḥ || ity upaślokayāmāsuś ca ||27||

baladevaḥ : nanu tad-viveka-khyātyā tvad-eka-bhaktyā ca guṇātīto labdha-svarūpo brahma-śabdito muktaḥ kathaṃ tiṣṭhed iti cet tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hir niścaye | brahmaṇas tat-pūrvakayā tayā sattvādyāvaraṇātyayād āvirbhāvita-svaguṇāṣṭakasyāmṛtasya mṛitir nirgatasyāvyayasya tādrūpyaṇaikarasasya muktasya mad-atipriyasyāham eva vijñānānanda-mūrtir ananta-guṇo niravadyaḥ suhṛtatamaḥ sarveśvaraḥ | pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'tra iti nirukteḥ paramāśrayo 'tipriyo bhavāmīti tādṛśaṃ māṃ parayā bhaktyānubhavaṃs tiṣṭhatīti | na matto viśleṣa-leśo na ca punar āvartate, yad gatvā na nivartante muktānāṃ paramā gatiḥ iti smṛtibhyaḥ |

nanu muktas tvāṃ kathaṃ śrayeta śravaṇa-phalasya mukter lābhād iti ced asty atiśayitaṃ phalam iti bhāvenāha śāśvatasya sādhāraṇasya sukhasya ca vicitra-līlā-rasasyāham eva pratiṣṭheti | tīvrānanda-rūpa-tad-vibhūti-mal-līlānubhavāya mām eva samāśrayatīty evam āha śrutiḥ raso vai saḥ, rasaṃ hy evāyaṃ labdhvānandī bhavati [TaittU 2.7.1] iti ||27||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||14||

[*ENDNOTE] The eight qualities are listed in the ChAndogya UpaniSad: AtmApahata-pApmA vijaro vimRtyur vizoko vijighatso 'pipAsaH satya-kAmaH satya-saGkalpaH so 'nveSTavyaH |

Bhagavadgita 15

BhG 15.1

śrīdharaḥ :

pūrvādhyānte māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate [Gītā 14.26] ity ādinā parameśvaram ekānta-bhaktyā bhajatas tat-prasāda-labdha-jñānena brahma-bhāvo bhavatīty uktam | na caikānta-bhaktiḥ jñānaṃ cāviraktasya sambhavatīti vairāgya-pūrvakaṃ jñānam upadeṣṭu-kāmaḥ prathamaṃ tāvat sārdha-ślokābhyāṃ saṃsāra-svarūpaṃ vṛkṣa-rūpakālaṅkāreṇa varṇayan bhagavān uvāca ūrdhva-mūlam iti | ūrdhvam uttamaḥ kṣarākṣarābhyām utkṛṣṭaḥ puruṣottamo mūlaṃ yasya tam | adha iti tato 'rvācīnāṃ kāryopādhayo hiraṇyagarbhādayo gṛhyante | te tu śākhā iva śākhā yasya tam | vinaśvaratvena śvaḥ prabhāta-paryantam api na sthāsyatīti viśvāsānarhatvād aśvatthaṃ prāhuḥ | pravāha-rūpeṇāvicchedād avyayaṃ ca prāhuḥ | ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātana [KaṭhU 2.3.1] ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ | chandāṃsi vedā yasya parṇāni dharmādharma-pratipādana-dvāreṇa cchāyā-sthānīyaiḥ karma-phalaiḥ saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya sarva-jīvāśrayaṇīyatva-pratipādanāt parṇa-sthānīyā vedāḥ | yas tam evambhūtam aśvatthaṃ veda sa eva vedārtha-vit | saṃsāra-prapañca-vṛkṣasya mūlam īśvaraḥ | brahmādayas tad-aṃśāḥ śākhā-sthānīyāḥ | sa ca saṃsāra-vṛkso vinaśvaraḥ | pravāha-rūpeṇa nityaś ca | vedoktaiḥ karmabhiḥ sevyatām āpāditaś ca ity etāvān eva hi vedārthaḥ | ata evaṃ vidvān vedavid iti stūyate ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : pūrvādhyāye bhagavtā saṃsāra-bandha-hetūn guṇān vyākhyāya teṣām atyayena brahma-bhāvo mokṣo mad-bhajanena labhyata ity uktam --

māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |

tatra manuṣyasya tava bhakti-yogena kathaṃ brahma-bhāva ity āśaṅkāyāṃ svasya brahma-rūpatā-jñāpanāya sūtra-bhūto 'yaṃ śloko bhagavatoktaḥ -

brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham amṛtasyāvyayasya ca |

asya sūtrasya vṛtti-sthānīyo 'yaṃ pañcadaśo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | bhagavataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasya hi tattvaṃ jñātvā tat-prema-bhajanena guṇātītaḥ san brahma-bhāvaṃ katham āpnuyāl loka iti | tatra brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham ity ādi bhagavad-vacanam ākarṇya mama tulyo manuṣyo 'yaṃ katham evaṃ vadatīti vismayāviṣṭam apratibhayā lajjayā ca kiṃcid api praṣṭum aśaknuvan tam arjunam ālakṣya kṛpayā sva-svarūpaṃ vivakṣuḥ śrī-bhagavān uvāca ūrdhveti |

tatra viraktasyaiva saṃsārād bhagavat-tattva-jñāne 'dhikāro nānyatheti pūrvādhyāyoktaṃ parameśvarādhīna-prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyoga-kāryaṃ saṃsāraṃ vṛkṣa-rūpa-kalpanayā varṇayati vairāgyāya prastuta-guṇātītatvopāyatvāt tasya | ūrdhvam utkṛṣṭaṃ mūlaṃ kāraṇaṃ sva-prakāśa-paramānanda-rūpatvena nityatvena ca brahma | atahvordhvaṃ sarva-saṃsāra-bādhe 'py abādhitaṃ sarva-saṃsāra-bhramādhiṣṭhānaṃ brahma tad eva māyayā mūlam asyety ūrdhva-mūlam | adha ity arvācīnāḥ kāryopādhayo hiraṇyagrabhādyā gṛhyante | te nānā-dik-prasṛtatvāc chākhā iva śākhā asyety adhaḥ-śākham | āśu-vināśitvena na śvo 'pi sthāteti viśvāsānarham aśvattham māyā-mayaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣam avyayam anādy-ananta-dehādi-santānāśrayam ātma-jñānam antareṇānucchedyam anantam avyayam āhuḥ śrutayaḥ smṛtayaś ca | śrutayas tāvat -- ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ [KaṭhU 2.3.1] ity ādyaḥ kaṭha-vallīṣu paṭhitāḥ | arvāñco nikṛṣṭāḥ kāryopādhayo mahad-ahaṅkāra-tanmātrādayo vā śākhā asyety arvāk-śākha ity adhaḥ-śākha-pada-samānārthaḥ | sanātana tiy avyaya-pada-samānārtham |

etac chittvā ca bhittvā ca jñānena paramāsinā |

avyaktam avyākṛtaṃ māyopādhikaṃ brahma tad eva mūlaṃ kāraṇaṃ tasmāt prabhavo yasya sa tathā | tasyaiva mūlasyāvyaktasyānugrahād atidṛḍhatvād utthitaḥ saṃvardhitaḥ | vṛkṣasya hi śākhāḥ skandhād udbhavanti | saṃsārasya ca buddheḥ sakāśān nānā-vidhāḥ pariṇāmā bhavanti | tena sādharmyeṇa buddhir eva skandhas tan-mayas tat-pracuro 'yam | indriyāṇām antarāṇi cchidrāṇy eva koṭarāṇi yasya sa tathā | mahānti bhūtāny ākāśādīni pṛthivy-antāni vividhāḥ śākhā yasya viśākhaḥ stambho yasyeti vā | ājīvya upajīvyaḥ | brahmaṇā paramātmanādhiṣṭhito vṛkṣo brahma-vṛkṣaḥ | ātma-jñānaṃ vinā chettum aśakyatayā sanātanaḥ | etad brahma-vanam asya brahmaṇo jīva-rūpasya bhogyaṃ vananīyaṃ sambhajanīyam iti vanaṃ brahma sākṣivad ācarati na tv etat kṛtena lipyata ity arthaḥ | etad brahma-vanaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣātmakaṃ chittvā ca bhittvā cāhaṃ, brahmāsmīty atidṛḍha-jñāna-khaḍgena sa-mūlaṃ nikṛtyety arthaḥ ātma-rūpāṃ gatiṃ prāpya tasmād ātma-rūpān mokṣān nāvartata ity arthaḥ | spaṣṭam itarat |

atra ca gaṅgā-taraṅga-nudyamānottuṅga-tat-tīra-tiryaṅ-nipatitam ardhonmūlitaṃ mārutena mahāntam aśvattham upamānīkṛtya jīvantam iyaṃ rūpaka-kalpaneti draṣṭavyam | tena nordhva-mūlatvādhaḥ-śākhatvādy-anupapattiḥ | yasya māyā-mayasyāśvatthasya cchandāṃsi cchādanāt tattva-vastu-prāvaraṇāt saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-rakṣaṇād vā karma-kāṇḍāni ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-lakṣaṇāni parṇānīva parṇāni | yathā vṛkṣasya parirakṣaṇāthāni parṇāni bhavanti tathā saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya parirakṣaṇāthāni karma-kāṇḍāni dharmādharmaa-tad-dhetu-phala-prakāśanārthatvāt teṣām | yas taṃ yathā-vyākhyātaṃ sa-mūlaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣaṃ māyā-mayam aśvatthaṃ veda jānāti sa veda-vit karma-brahmākhya-vedārtha-vit sa evety arthaḥ | saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya hi mūlaṃ brahma hiraṇyagarbhādayaś ca jīvāḥ śākhā-sthānīyāḥ | sa ca saṃsāra-vṛkṣaḥ svarūpeṇa vinaśvaraḥ pravāha-rūpeṇa cānantaḥ | sa ca vedoktaiḥ karmabhiḥ sicyate brahma-jñānena ca cchidyata ity etāvān eva hi vedārthaḥ | yaś ca vedārthavit sa eva sarva-vid iti sa-mūla-vṛkṣa-jñānaṃ stauti sa vedavid iti ||1||

pūrvādhyāye --

māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |

tatra tava manuṣyasya bhakti-yogena kathaṃ brahma-bhāva iti cet, satyam ahaṃ manuṣya eva kintu brahmaṇo 'pi tasya pratiṣṭhā paramāśraya ity asya sūtra-rūpasya vṛtti-sthānīyo 'yaṃ pañcadaśādhyāya ārabhyate | tatra sa guṇān samatītya ity uktam iti guṇamyo 'yaṃ saṃsāraḥ kaḥ, kuto vāyaṃ pravṛttas tad-bhaktyā saṃsāram atikrāmyan jīvo vā kaḥ | brahma-bhūyāya kalpate ity uktaṃ brahma vā kiṃ | brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhā tvaṃ vā ka ity-ādy-apekṣāyāṃ prathamam atiśayokty-alaṅkāreṇa saṃsāro 'yam adbhuto 'śvattha-vṛkṣa iti varṇayati | ūrdhve sarva-lokopari-tale satya-loke prakṛti-bījottha-prathama-praroha-rūpa-mahat-tattvātmakaś caturmukha eka eva mūlaṃ yasya tam | adhaḥ svar-bhuvor-bhūlokeṣu anantā deva-gandharva-kinnarāsura-rākṣasa-preta-bhūta-manuṣya-gavāśvādi-paśu-pakṣi-kṛmi-kīṭa-pataṅga-sthāvarās tāḥ śākhā yasya tam aśvatthaṃ dharmādi-caturvarga-sādhakatvād aśvattham uttamaṃ vṛkṣam | śleṣeṇa bhaktimatāṃ na śvaḥ sthāsyatīty aśvatthaṃ naṣṭa-prāyam ity arthaḥ | abhaktānāṃ tv avyayam anaśvaram | chandāṃsi vāyavyaṃ śvetam ālabheta bhūmikām aindram ekādaśaka-pālaṃ nirvapet prajākāmaḥ ity ādyāḥ karma-pratipādakā vedāḥ saṃsāra-vardhakatvāt parṇāni | vṛkṣo hi parṇaiḥ śobhate | yas taṃ jānāti sa vedajñaḥ | tathā ca ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ [KaṭhU 2.3.1] iti kaṭha-vallī-śrutiḥ ||1||

pūrvatra vijñānānandasyautpattika-guṇāṣṭakasyāpi jīvasya karma-rūpānādi-vāsanānuguṇena bhagavat-saṅkalpena prakṛti-guṇa-saṅgaḥ | sa ca bahuvidhas tad-atyayaś ca bhagavad-bhakti-śiraskena viveka-jñānena bhavet tasmiṃś ca sati samprāpta-nija-svarūpo jīvo bhagavantam āśritya prmodo sarvadā tasmiṃs tiṣṭhatīty uktam | atha tad-viveka-jñāna-sthairya-karaṃ vairāgyaṃ jīvasya bhajanīya-bhagavad-aṃśatvaṃ bhagavataḥ svetara-sarvottamatvaṃ cokteṣv artheṣūpayogāya pañcadaśe 'smin varṇyate | tatra tāvad guṇa-viracitasya saṃsārasya vairāgya-vaiccedyatvāt saṃsāraṃ vṛkṣatvena vairāgyaṃ ca śastratvena rūpayan varṇayati bhagavān -- ūrdhvamūlam ity ādibhis tribhiḥ |

saṃsāra-rūpam aśvattham ūrdhva-mūlam adhaḥ-śākhaṃ prāhuḥ | ūrdhvaṃ sarvopari-satya-loke pradhāna-bījottha-prathama-praroha-rūpa-mahat-tattvātmaka-caturmukha-rūpaṃ mūlaṃ yasya saḥ | adhaḥ satya-lokād arvācīneṣu svar-bhuvar-bhūr-lokeṣu deva-gandharva-kinnarāsura-yakṣa-rākṣasa-manuṣya-paśu-pakṣi-kīṭa-pataṅga-sthāvarāntā nānādik-prasṛtatvāc chākhā yasya tam | caturvarga-phalāśrayatvād aśvattham uttama-vṛkṣam | tādṛśena viveka-jñānena vinā nivṛtter abhāvād avyayaṃ pravāha-rūpeṇa nityaṃ ca | tam āhuḥ śrutayaś cātra --

ūrdhva-mūlo 'vāk-śākha eṣo 'śvatthaḥ sanātanaḥ | ūrdhva-mūlam arvāk-śākhaṃ

yasya saṃsārāśvatthasya chandāṃsi karmākarma-pratipādakāni śruti-vākyāni vāsanāā-rūpa-tan-nidāna-vardhakatvāt parṇāni prāhus tāni cchandāṃsi vāyavyaṃ śvetam ālabheta bhūti-kāma aindram ekādaśaka-pālaṃ nirvapet prajā-kāmaḥ ity ādīni bodhyāni | patrais tarur vardhate śobhate ca tam aśvatthaṃ yo veda yathoktaṃ jānāti sa eva veda-vit | vedaḥ khalu saṃsārasya vṛkṣatvaṃ chedyatvābhiprāyeṇāha tad-chedanopāyajño vedārthavid iti bhāvaḥ |

BhG 15.2

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca adhaś ceti | hiraṇyagarbhādayaḥ kāryopādhayo jīvāḥ śākhā-sthānīyatvenoktāḥ | teṣu ca ye duṣkṛtinas te 'dhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya śākhāḥ | kiṃ ca, guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir jala-secanair iva yathāyathaṃ pravṛddhā vṛddhiṃ prāptāḥ | kiṃ ca, viṣayā rūpādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallava-sthānīyā yāsāṃ tāḥ | śākhāgra-sthānīyābhir indriya-vṛttibhiḥ saṃyuktatvāt | kiṃ ca, adhaś ca ca-śabdād ūrdhvaṃ ca | mūlāny anusantatāni virūḍhāni | mukhyaṃ mūlam īśvara eva | imāni tv antarālāni mūlāni tat-tad-bhoga-vāsanā-lakṣaṇāni | teṣāṃ kāryam āha manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīnīti | karmaivānubandhy uttara-kāla-bhāvi yeṣāṃ tāni | ūrdhvādho-lokeṣūpabhukta-tat-tad-bhoga-vāsanādibhir hi karma-kṣaye manuṣya-lokaṃ prāptānāṃ tat-tad-anurūpeṣu karmasu pravṛttir bhavati | tasminn eva hi karmādhikāro nānyeṣu lokeṣu | ato manuṣya-loka ity uktam ||2||

madhusūdanaḥ : tasyaiva saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyāvayava-sambandhiny aparā kalpanocyate adhaś ceti | pūrvaṃ hiraṇyagarbhādayaḥ kāryopādhayo jīvāḥ śākhā-sthānīyatvenoktāḥ | idānīṃ tu tad-gato viśeṣa ucyate | teṣu ye kapūya-caraṇā duṣkṛtinas te 'dhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu prasṛtā vistāraṃ gatāḥ | ye tu ramaṇīya-caraṇāḥ sukṛtinas ta ūrdhvaṃ devādi-yoniṣu prasṛtā ato 'dhaś ca manuṣyatvād ārabhya viriñci-paryantam ūrdhvaṃ ca tasmād evārabhya satya-loka-paryantaṃ prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya śākhāḥ | kīdṛśas tāḥ ? guṇaiḥ sattva-rajas-tamo bhir dehendriya-viṣayākāra-pariṇatair jala-secanair iva pravṛddhāḥ sthūlībhūtāḥ | kiṃ ca, viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallavā iva yāsāṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-śākhānāṃ tās tathā śākhāgra-sthānīyābhir indriya-vṛttibhiḥ sambandhād rāgādhiṣṭhānatvāc ca |saṃyuktatvāt | kiṃ ca, adhaś ca ca-śabdād ūrdhvaṃ ca mūlāny avāntarāṇi tat-tad-bhoga-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā-lakṣaṇāni mūlānīva dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kārakāṇi tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasyānusantatāni anusyūtāni | mukhyaṃ ca mūlaṃ brahmaiveti na doṣaḥ | kīdṛśāny avāntara-mūlāni ? karma dharmādharma-lakṣaṇam anubandhuṃ paścāj janayituṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni karmānubandhīni | kutra ? manuṣya-loke manuṣyaś cāsau lokaaś cety adhikṛto brāhmaṇyādi-viśiṣṭo deho manuṣya-lokas tasmin bāhulyena karmānubandhīni | manuṣyāṇāṃ hi karmādhikāraḥ prasiddhaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : adhaḥ paśv-ādi-yoniṣu ūrdhve devādi-yoniṣu prasṛtās tasya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir jala-sekair iva pravṛddhāḥ | viṣayā śabdādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallava-sthānīyā yāsāṃ tāḥ | kiṃ ca tasya mūle sarva-lokair alakṣito mahā-nidhiḥ kaścid astīty anumīyate yam eva mūla-jaṭābhir avalambya sthitasya tasyāśvattha-vṛkṣasyāpi baṭa-vṛkṣasyeva śākhāsv api bāhyā jaṭāḥ santīty āha adhaś ceti | brahma-loka-mūlasyāpi tasyādhaś ca manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīni karmānulambīni mūlāny anusantatāni nirantaraṃ vistṛtāni bhavanti | karma-phalānāṃ yatas tato bhogānte punar manuṣya-janmany

baladevaḥ : kiṃ cādha iti | tasyokta-lakṣaṇasya saṃsārāśvatthasya śākhā adha ūrdhvaṃ ca prasṛtāḥ | adho manuṣya-paśv-ādi-yoniṣu duṣkṛtair ūrdhvaṃ ca deva-gandharvādi-yoniṣu sukṛtair vistṛtāḥ | guṇaiḥ sattvādi-vṛttibhir ambu-niṣekair iva pravṛddhāḥ sthaulya-bhājaḥ | viṣayāḥ śabda-sparśādayaḥ pravālāḥ pallavā yāsāṃ tāḥ | śākhāgra-sthānīyābhiḥ śrotrādi-vṛttibhir yogād rāgādhiṣṭhānatvāc ca śabdādīnāṃ pallava-sthānīyatvam |

tasyāśvatthasyādhaś ca śabdād ūrdhvaṃ cāvāntarāṇi mūlāny anusantatāni vistṛtāni santi | tāni ca tat-tad-bhoga-janita-rāga-dveṣādi-vāsanā-rūpāṇi dharmādharma-pravṛtti-kāritvān mūla-tulyāny ucyante | mukhyaṃ mūlaṃ tādṛk caturmukhas tat-tad-vāsanās tv avāntara-mūlāni nyagrodhasyaiva jaṭopajaṭāvṛndānīti bhāvaḥ | tāni kīdṛśānīty āha manuṣya-loke karmānubandhīni yatas tataḥ karma-phala-bhogāvasāne sati punar manuṣya-loke karma-hetu-bhūtāni bhavantīty arthaḥ | sa lokaḥ khalu karma-bhūmir iti prasiddham ||2||

BhG 15.3-4

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca, na rūpam iti | iha saṃsāre sthitaiḥ prāṇibhir asya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya tathordhva-mūlatvādi-prakāreṇa rūpaṃ nopalabhyate | na cānto 'vasānam aparyaptatvāt | na cādir anāditvāt | na ca sampratiṣṭhā sthitiḥ | kathaṃ tiṣṭhatīti nopalabhyate | yasmād evambhūto 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣo durucchedo 'narthakaraś ca tasmād enaṃ dṛḍhena vairāgyena śastreṇa cchitvā tattva-jñāne yatetety āha aśvattham enam iti sārdhena | enam aśvatthaṃ suvirūḍha-mūlam atyanta-baddha-mūlaṃ santam | asaṅgaḥ saṅga-rāhityam ahaṃ-mamatā-tyāgaḥ | tena śastreṇa dṛḍhena samyag-vicāreṇa cchittvā pṛthak-kṛtya ||3||

tata iti | tataś tasya mūla-bhūtaṃ tat padaṃ vastu parimārgitavyam anveṣṭavyaṃ | kīdṛśaṃ, yasmin gatā yat padaṃ prāptāḥ santo bhūyo na nivartanti nāvartanta ity arthaḥ | anveṣaṇa-prakāram evāha tam eveti | yata eṣā purāṇī cirantanī saṃsāra-pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā vistṛtā | tam eva cādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye śaraṇaṃ vrajāmi | ity evam ekānta-bhaktyānveṣṭavyam ity arthaḥ ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : yas tv ayaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣo varṇita iha saṃsāre sthitaiḥ prāṇibhir asya saṃsāra-vṛkṣasya tathordhva-mūlatvādi tathā tena prakāreṇa rūpaṃ nopalabhyate svapna-marīcy-udaka-māyā-gandharva-nagaravan mṛṣātvena dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-svarūpatvāt tasya | ata eva tasyānto 'vasānam nopalabhyate | etāvatā kālena samāptiṃ gamiṣyatīti aparyaptatvāt | na cāsyādir upalabhyate | ita ārabhya pravṛtta ity anāditvāt | na ca sampratiṣṭhā sthitir madhyama-sthopalabhyate | ādy-anta-pratiyogikatvāt tasya | yasmād evaṃ-bhūto 'yaṃ saṃsāra-vṛkṣo durucchedaḥ sarvānartha-karaś ca tasmād anādy-ajñānena suvirūḍha-mūlam atyanta-baddha-mūlaṃ

tato gurum upasṛtya tato 'śvatthād ūrdhvaṃ vyavasthitaṃ tad vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ vedānta-vākya-vicāreṇa parimārgitavyaṃ mārgayitavyam anveṣṭavyaṃ so 'nveṣṭabhyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavya iti śruteḥ | tat padaṃ śravaṇādinā jñātavyam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ tat padaṃ yasmin pade gatāḥ praviṣṭā jñānena na nivartanti nāvartante bhūyaḥ punaḥ saṃsārāya | kathaṃ tat parimārgitavyam ? ity āha - yaḥ pada-śabdenoktas tam eva cādyam ādau bhavaṃ puruṣaṃ yenedaṃ sarvaṃ pūrṇaṃ taṃ puruṣu pūrṣu vā śayānaṃ prapadye śaraṇaṃ gato 'smīty evaṃ tad-eka-śaraṇatayā tad anveṣṭavyam ity arthaḥ | taṃ kaṃ puruṣaṃ ? yato yasmāt puruṣāt pravṛttir māyā-maya-saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-pravṛttiḥ purāṇī cirantany anādir eṣā prasṛtā niḥsṛtaindrajālikād iva māyā-hasty-ādi taṃ puruṣaṃ prapadya ity anvayaḥ ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ceha manuṣya-loke 'sya rūpaṃ svarūpaṃ tathā sa-niścayaṃ nopalabhyate satyo 'yaṃ mithyāyaṃ nityo 'yam iti vādi-mata-vaividhyād iti bhāvaḥ | na cānto 'paryantatvān na cādir anāditvān na ca sampratiṣṭhāśrayaḥ | kiṃ vādhāraḥ ko 'yam ity api nopalabhyate tattva-jñānābhāvād iti bhāvaḥ | yathā tathāyaṃ bhavatu jīva-mātra-duḥkhaika-nidānasyāsya chedakaṃ śastram asaṅgaṃ jñātvā tenaitaṃ chittvaivāsya mūla-tala-stho mahānidhir anveṣṭavya ity āha aśvattham iti | asaṅgo 'nāsaktiḥ sarvatra vairāgyam iti yāvat tena śastreṇa kuṭhāreṇa cchitvā svataḥ pṛthak-kṛtya tatas tasya mūla-bhūtaṃ tat-padaṃ vastu mahā-nidhi-rūpaṃ brahma parimārgitavyam | kīdṛśaṃ tad ata āha yasmin gatā yat padaṃ prāptāḥ santo bhūyo na nivartante na cāvartanta ity arthaḥ | anveṣaṇa-prakāram āha yata eṣā purāṇī cirantanī saṃsāra-pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā vistṛtā tam evādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye bhajāmīti bhaktyā anveṣṭavyam ity arthaḥ ||3-4||

baladevaḥ : na rūpam iti asyāśvatthasya rūpam iha manuṣya-loke tathā nopalabhyate yathordhva-mūlatvādi-dharmakatayā mayopavarṇitam | na cāsyānto nāśa upalalabhyate | katham ayaṃ anartha-vrāta-jaṭilo vinaśyed iti na jñāyate | na cāsyādi-kāraṇam upalabhyate | kuto 'yam īdṛśo jāto 'stīti | na cāsya sampratiṣṭhā samāśrayo 'py upalabhyate | kiṃ samāśrayo 'yaṃ satiṣṭhat iti |

kintu manusyoo 'haṃ putro yajña-dattasya,, pitā ca deva-dattasya, tad-anurūpa-karma-kārī sukhī duḥkhī, sāsmin deśe 'smin grāme nivasāmīty etāvad eva vijñāyata ity arthaḥ | yasmād evaṃ durbodho 'nartha-vrate hetuś cāyam aśvatthas tasmāt sat-prasaṅga-labdha-vastu-yāthātmya-jñānenainam asaṅga-śastreṇa vairāgya-kuṭhāreṇa dṛḍhena vivekābhyāsa-niśitena cchitvā svataḥ pṛthak-kṛtya tat padaṃ parimārgitavyam iti pareṇānvayaḥ | saṅgo viṣayābhilāṣas tad-virodhy asaṅgo vairāgyaṃ, tad eva śastraṃ tad-abhilāṣa-nāśakatvāt suvirūḍha-mūlaṃ pūrvokta-rītyātyantaṃ baddha-mūlam | tataḥ saṃsārāśvattha-mūlād uparisthitaṃ tat padaṃ parimārgitavyaṃ mat-prasaṅga-labdhaiḥ śravaṇādibhiḥ sādhanair anveṣṭavyam |

tat padaṃ kīdṛśaṃ tatrāha yasminn iti | yasmin gatās taiḥ sādhanair yat prāptā janās tato na nivartante svargād iva na patanti | mārgaṇa-vidhim āha tam eveti | yataḥ purāṇī cirantanīyaṃ jagat-pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā vistṛtā | tam eva cādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadye śaraṇaṃ vrajāmīti prapatti-pūrvakaiḥ śravaṇādibhis tan-mārgaṇam uktam | yo jagad-dhetur yat-porapattyā saṃsāra-nivṛttiḥ sa khalu kṛṣṇa eva ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavaḥ ity ādeḥ | daivī hy eṣā guṇamayī ity ādeś ca tad-ukteḥ | na tad bhāsayata ity ādinā vyaktībhāvitvāc ca ||3-4||

BhG 15.5

śrīdharaḥ : tat-prāptau sādhanāntarāṇi darśayann āha nirmāneti | nirgatau māna-mohau ahaṅkāra-mithyātisiveśau yebhyas te | jitaḥ putrādi-saṅga-rūpo doṣo yais te | adhyātma ātma-jñāne nityāḥ pariniṣṭhitāḥ | viśeṣeṇa nivṛttaḥ kāmo yebhyas te | sukha-duḥkha-hetutvāt sukha-duḥkha-saṃjñāni śītoṣṇādīni dvandvāni | tair vimuktāḥ | ata evāmūḍhā nivṛtāvidyāḥ santaḥ | tad avyayaṃ padaṃ gacchanti ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : parimārgaṇa-pūrvakaṃ vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ gacchatām aṅgāntarāṇy āha nirmāṇeti | māno 'haṅkāro garvaḥ | mohas tv aviveko viparyayo vā | tābhyāṃ niṣkrāntā nirmāna-mohāḥ | tau nirgatau yebhyas te vā | tathāhaṅkārāvivekābhyāṃ rahitā iti yāvat | jita-saṅga-doṣāḥ priyāpriya-saṃvidhāv api rāga-dveṣa-varjitā iti yāvat | adhyātma-nityāḥ paramātma-svarūpa-lokcana-tat-parāḥ | vinivṛtta-kāmā viśeṣeto niravaśeṣeṇa nivṛttāḥ kāmā viṣaya-bhogā yeṣāṃ te | viveka-vairāgya-dvārā tyakta-sarva-karmāṇa ity arthaḥ | dvandvaiḥ śītoṣṇādi-kṣut-pipāsādibhiḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṃjñaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-hetutvāt sukha-duḥkha-nāmakaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṅgair iti pāṭhāntare sukha-duḥkhābhyāṃ saṅgaḥ sambandho yeṣāṃ taiḥ sukha-duḥkha-saṅgair dvandvair vimuktāḥ parityaktāḥ | amūḍhā vedānta-pramāṇa-saṃjāta-samyag-jñāna-nivāritātmaājñānās tad avyayaṃ yathoktaṃ padaṃ gacchanti ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad-bhaktau satyāṃ janāḥ kīdṛśā bhūtvā taṃ padaṃ prāpnuvantīty apekṣāyām āha nirmāneti | adhyātma-nityā adhyātma-vicāro nity nitya-kartavyo yeṣāṃ te paramātmālocana-tat-parāḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : tat-prapattau satyāṃ kīdṛśāḥ santas tat padaṃ prāpnuvantīty āha nirmāneti | mānaḥ sat-kāra-janyo garvaḥ | moho mithyābhiniveśas tābhyāṃ nirgatāḥ | jitaḥ saṅga-doṣaḥ priya-bhāryādi-sneha-lakṣaṇo yais te | adhyātmaṃ sva-parātma-viṣayako vimarśaḥ sa nityo nitya-kartavyo yeṣāṃ te | sukhādi-hetutvāt tat-saṃjñair dvandvaiḥ śītoṣṇādibhir vimuktās tat-sahiṣṇavaḥ | amūḍhāḥ prapatti-vidhijñāḥ ||5||

śrīdharaḥ : tad eva gantavyaṃ padaṃ viśinaṣṭi na tad iti | tat padaṃ sūryādayo na prakāśayanti | yat prāpya na nivartante yoginaḥ | tad dhāma svarūpaṃ paramaṃ mama | anena sūryādi-prakāśa-viṣayatvena jaḍatva-śītoṣṇādi-doṣa-prasaṅgo nirastaḥ ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad eva gantavyaṃ padaṃ viśinaṣṭi na tad iti | yad vaiṣṇavaṃ padaṃ gatvā yogino na nivartante tat padaṃ sarvāvabhāsana-śaktimān api sūryo na bhāsayate | sūryāsta-maye 'pi candro bhāsako dṛṣṭa ity āśaṅkyāha na śaśāṅkaḥ | sūryācandramasor ubhayor apy asta-maye 'gniḥ prakāśako dṛṣṭa ity āśaṅkyāha na pāvakaḥ | bhāsayata ity ubhayatrāpy anuṣajyate | kutaḥ sūryādīnāṃ tatra prakāśanāsāmarthyam ity ata āha tad dhāma jyotiḥ svayaṃ-prakāśam ādiyādi-sakala-jaḍa-jyotir-avabhāsakaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ mama viṣṇoḥ svarūpātmakaṃ padam | na hi yo yad-bhāsyaḥ sa svabhāsakaṃ taṃ bhāsayitum īṣṭe | tathā ca śrutiḥ -

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ | tam eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ

etena tat padaṃ vedyaṃ na vā, ādye vedya-bhinna-veditṛ-sāpekṣatvena dvaitāpattir dvitīye sva-puruṣārthatvāpattir ity apāstam | avedyatve saty api svayam aparokṣatvāt tatrāvedyatvaṃ sūryādy-abhāsyatvenātroktaṃ, sarva-bhāsakatvena tu svayam aparokṣatvaṃ yad āditya-gataṃ teja ity atra vakṣyati | evam ubhābhyāṃ ślokābhyāṃ śruter dalad-vacaṃ vyākhyātam iti draṣṭavyam ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tat padam eva kīdṛśam ity apekṣāyām āha na tad iti | auṣṇya-śaityādi-duḥkha-rahitaṃ tat sva-prakāśam iti bhāvaḥ | tan mama paramaṃ dhāma sarvotkṛṣṭam ajaḍam atīndriyaṃ tejaḥ sarva-prakāśakam | yad uktaṃ hari-vaṃśe --

tat paraṃ paramaṃ brahma sarvaṃ vibhajate jagat |

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ | tam eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti || iti [KaṭhU 2.2.15] śrutibhyaś ca ||6||

baladevaḥ : gantavyaṃ padaṃ viśiṣyan paricāyayati na tad iti | prapannā yad gatvā yato na nivartante | tan mamaiva dhāma svarūpaṃ paramaṃ śrīmat | sarvāvabhāsakā api sūryādayas tan na bhāsayanti prakāśayanti | na tatra sūryo bhāti ity ādi-śruteś ca | sūryādibhir aprakāśyas teṣāṃ prakāśakaḥ sva-prakāśaka-cid-vigraho lakṣmīpatir aham eva pada-śabda-bodhyaḥ prapannair labhya ity arthaḥ ||6||

BhG 15.7

śrīdharaḥ : nanu ca tvadīyaṃ dhāma prāptāḥ santo yadi na nivartante tarhi sati sampadya na viduḥ sati sampadyāmahe ity ādi śruteḥ suṣupti-pralaya-samaye tattva-prāptiḥ sarveṣām astīti ko nāma saṃsārī syād ity āśaṅkya saṃsāriṇaṃ darśayati mamaiveti pañcabhiḥ | mamaivāṃśo yo 'yam avidyayā jīva-bhūtaḥ sanātanaḥ sarvadā saṃsāritvena prasiddhaḥ | asau suṣupti-pralayayoḥ prakṛtau līnatayā sthitāni manaḥ ṣaṣṭhaṃ yeṣāṃ tānīndriyāṇi punar jīva-loke saṃsāropabhogārtham ākarṣati | etac ca karmendriyāṇāṃ prāṇasya copalakṣaṇārtham | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ saatyaṃ suṣupti-pralayayor api mad-aṃśatvāt sarvasāpi jīva-mātrasya mayi layād asty eva mat-prāptiḥ | tathāpy avidyāyāvṛtasya sānuśayasya sa-prakṛtike mayi layaḥ | na tu śuddhe | tad uktam -- avyaktād vyaktayaḥ sarve prabhantīty ādinā | ataś ca punaḥ saṃsārāya nirgacchan avidvān prakṛtau līnatayā sthitāni svopādhi-bhūtānīndriyāṇi ākarṣati | viduṣāṃ tu śuddha-svarūpa-prāpter nāvṛttir iti ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : jīvasya tu pāramārthikaṃ svarūpaṃ brahmaivety asakṛd āveditam | tad etat sarvaṃ pratipādyata uttareṇa granthena | tatra jīvasya brahma-rūpatvād ajñāna-nivṛttyā tat-svarūpaṃ prāptasya tato na pracyutir iti pratipādyate mamaivāṃśa [Gītā 15.7a] iti ślokārdhena | suṣuptau tu sarva-kārya-saṃskāra-sahitājñāna-sattvāt tataḥ punaḥ saṃsāro jīvasyeti manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhāni [Gītā 15.7b] iti ślokārdhena pratipādyate | tatas tasya vastuto 'saṃsāriṇo 'pi māyayā saṃsāraṃ prāptasya manda-matibhir deha-tādātmyaṃ prāpitasya dehād vyatirekaḥ pratipādyate śarīram [Gītā 15.8] ity ādinā ślokārdhena | śrotraṃ cakṣur [Gītā 15.9] ity ādinā tu yathāyathaṃ sva-viṣayeṣv indriyāṇāṃ pravartakasya tasya tebhyo vyatirekaḥ pratipādyate | evaṃ dehendriyādi-vilakṣaṇam utkrānty-ādi-samaye svātma-rūpatvāt kim iti sarve na paśyantīty āśaṅkāyāṃ viṣaya-vikṣipta-cittā darśana-yogyam api taṃ na paśyantīty uttaram ucyate utkrāmantam [Gītā 15.10a] ity ādinā ślokena | taṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣaḥ paśyantīti vivṛtaṃ yatanto yoginaḥ [Gītā 15.11a] iti ślokārdhena | vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti [Gītā 15.10b] ity etad vivṛtaṃ yatanto 'pi [Gītā 15.11b] iti ślokārdheneti pañcānāṃ ślokānāṃ saṅgatiḥ | idānīṃ akṣarāṇi vyākhyāsyāmo mameti |

mamaiva paramātmano 'ṃśo niraṃśasyāpi māyayā kalpitaḥ sūryasyeva jale nabhasa iva ca ghaṭe mṛṣābhedavān aṃśa ivāṃśo jīva-loke saṃsāre, sa ca prāṇa-dhāraṇopādhinā jīva-bhūtaḥ kartā bhoktā saṃsaratīti mṛṣaiva prasiddhim upāgataḥ sanātano nitya upādhi-paricchede 'pi vastutaḥ paramātmatva-rūpatvāt | ato jñānādi-jñāna-nivṛttyā sva-svarūpaṃ brahma prāpya tato na nivartanta iti yuktam |

evam-bhūto 'pi suṣuptāt katham āvartata ity āha - manaḥ ṣaṣṭhaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni śrotra-tvak-cakṣū-rasana-ghrāṇākhyāni pañcendriyāīndrasyātmano viṣayopalabdhi-karaṇatayā liṅgāni jāgrat-svapna-bhoga-janaka-karma-kṣaye prakṛti-sthāni prakṛtāvajñāne sūkṣma-rūpeṇa sthitāni punar-jāgrad-bhoga-janaka-karmodaye bhogārthaṃ karṣati kūrmo 'ṅgānīva prakṛter ajñānād ākarṣati viṣaya-grahaṇa-yogyatayāvirbhāvayatīty arthaḥ | ato jñānād anāvṛttāv apy ajñānād āvṛttir nānupapanneti bhāvaḥ ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : tvad-bhaktyā saṃsāram atikrāmyan ta-pada-gāmī jīvaḥ ka ity apekṣāyām āha mamaivāṃśa iti | yad uktaṃ vārāhe svāṃśaś cātha vibhinnāṃśa iti dvedhāyam iṣyate | vibhinnāṃśas tu jīvaḥ syāt iti | sanātano nityaḥ sa ca baddha-daśāyāṃ manaḥ eva ṣaṣṭhaṃ yeṣāṃ tānīndriyāṇi prakṛtāv upādhau sthitāni karṣati | mamaiva etānīti svīyatvābhimānena gṛhītāṃ pādārgala-śṛṅkhalām iva karṣati ||7||

baladevaḥ : nanu tvat-prapattyā yas tat-padaṃ yāti, sa jīvaḥ ka ity apekṣāyām āha mamaiveti | jīvaḥ sarveśvarasya mamaivāṃśo, na tu brahma-rudrāder īśvarasya, sa ca sanātano nityo, na tu ghaṭākāśādivat kalpitaḥ | sa ca jīva-loke prapañce sthito manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni karṣati pādādi-śṛṅkhalā iva vahati | tāni kīdṛṃśīty āha prakṛti-sthāni prakṛti-vikāra-bhūtāhaṅkāra-kāryāṇīty arthaḥ | tatra manaḥ sāttvikāhaṅkārasya śrotrādikaṃ tu rājasāhaṅkārasya kāryam iti bodhyam | bhagavat-prapattyā prākṛta-karaṇa-hīno bhagaval-lokaṃ gatas tu bhāgavatair deha-karaṇair vibhūṣaṇair iva viśiṣṭo bhagavantaṃ saṃśrayan nivasatīti sūcyate -- sa vā eṣa brahma-niṣṭha idaṃ śarīraṃ martyam atisṛjya brahmābhisampadya brahmaṇā paśyati brahmaṇā śṛṇoti brahmaṇaivedaṃ sarvam anubhavati iti mādhyandināyana-śruteḥ | vasanti yatra puruṣāḥ sarve vaikuṇṭha-mūrtayaḥ [BhP 3.15.14] ity ādi smṛteś ca | bhagavat-saṅkalpa-siddha-cid-vigrahas tatra bhavatīti |

yat tu ghaṭākāśavaj jalākāśavad vā jīve brahmaṇo 'ṃśo 'ntaḥ-karaṇenāvacchedāt tasmin pratibimba-nāśād vā ghaṭa-jala-nāśe tat-tad-ākāśasya śuddhākāśatvavad antaḥ-karaṇa-nāśe jīvāṃśasya śuddha-brahmatvam iti vadanti, na tat sāram, jīva-bhūtaḥ, mamāṃśaḥ, sanātanaḥ ity ukti-vyākopāt | paricchedādi-vāda-dvayasya dehino 'smin yathā [Gītā 2.12] ity atra pratyākhyānāc ca | pratibimba-sādṛśyāt tu tattvaṃ mantavyam ambuvad adhikaraṇa-vinirṇayāt | tasmāt brahmopasarjanatvaṃ jīvasya brahmāṃśatvaṃ vidhu-maṇḍalasya śatāṃśaḥ śukra-maṇḍalam ity ādau dṛṣṭaṃ cedam eka-vastv-eka-deśatvaṃ cāṃśatvam āhuḥ | brahma khalu śaktimad ekaṃ vastu brahma-śaktiḥ, itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parāṃ jīva-bhūtām [Gītā 7.5] iti pūrvokter atas tad eka-deśāt tad-aṃśo jīvaḥ ||7||

BhG 15.8

śrīdharaḥ : tāny ākṛṣya kiṃ karotīti | atrāha śarīram iti | yad yadā śarīrāntaraṃ karma-vaśād avāpnoti yataś ca śarīrād utkrāmatīśvaro dehādīnāṃ svāmī tadā pūrvasmāt śarīrād etāni gṛhītvā tac-charīrāntaraṃ samyag yāti | śarīre saty api indriya-grahaṇe dṛṣṭāntaḥ | āśayāt sva-sthānāt kusumādeḥ sakāśāt gandhān gandhavataḥ sūkṣmān aṃśān gṛhītvā vāyur yathā gacchati tadvat ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : asmin kāle karṣatīty ucyate śarīram iti | yad yadotkrāmati bahir nirgacchatīśvaro dehendriya-saṃghātasya svāmī jīvas tadā yato dehād utkrāmati tato manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi karṣatīti dvitīya-pādasya prathamam anvaya utkramaṇottara-bhāvitvād gamanasya | na kevalaṃ karṣaty eva, kintu yad yadā ca pūrvasmāc charīrāntaram avāpnoti tadaitāni manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhāīndriyāṇi gṛhītvā saṃyāty api samyak punar āgamana-rāhityena gacchaty api | śarīre saty evendriya-grahaṇe dṛṣṭāntaḥ - āśayāt kusumādeḥ sthānād gandhān gandhātmakān sūkṣmān aṃśān gṛhītvā yathā vāyur vāti tadvat ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : tāny akṛṣya kiṃ karotīty apekṣāyām āha śarīram iti | yat sthūla-śarīraṃ karma-vaśād avāpnoti, yac ca yasmāc ca śarīrād utkrāmati niṣkrāmati, īśvaro dehendriyādi-svāmī jīvaḥ tasmāt tatra etānīndriyāṇi bhūta-sūkṣmaiḥ saha gṛhītvaiva saṃyāti vāyur gandhāni iveti vāyur yathāśayād gandhāśrayāt srak-candanādeḥ sakāśāt sūkṣmāvayavaiḥ saha gandhān gṛhītvānyatra yāti tadvad ity arthaḥ |

baladevaḥ : jīva-loke sthita indriyāṇi karṣati ity uktam | tat pratipādayati śarīram iti | īśvaraḥ śarīrendriyāṇaṃ svāmī jīvo yad yadā pūrva-śarīrād anyac charīram avāpnoti, yadā cāptāc charīrād utkrāmati, tadaitānīndriyāṇi bhūta-sūkṣmaiḥ saha gṛhṭivā yāty āśayāt puṣpa-kośād gandhān gṛhītvā vāyur iva sa yathānyatra yāti tadvat ||8||

śrīdharaḥ : tāny evendriyāṇi darśayan yad arthaṃ gṛhītvā gacchati tad āha śrotram iti | śrotrādīni bāhyendriyāṇi manaś cāntaḥkaraṇaṃ, tāny adhiṣṭāyāśritya śabdādīn viṣayān ayaṃ jīva upabhuṅkte ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : tāny evendriyāṇi darśayan yad arthaṃ gṛhītvā gacchati tad āha śrotram iti | śrotraṃ cakṣuḥ sparśanaṃ ca rasanaṃ ghrāṇam eva ca | ca-kārāt karmendriyāṇi prāṇaṃ ca manaś ca ṣaṣṭham adhiṣṭhāyaivāśrityaiva viṣayān śabdādīn ayaṃ jīva upasevate bhuṅkte ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra gatvā kiṃ karotīty ata āha śrotram iti | śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi manaś cādhiṣṭhāyāśritya viṣayān śabdādīn upabhuṅkte ||9||

baladevaḥ : tāni gṛhītvā kim arthaṃ yāti | tatrāha śrotram iti | śrotrādīni samanaskāny adhiṣṭhāyāśrityāyaṃ jīvo viṣayān śabdādīn upabhuṅkte | tad arthaṃ tad-grahaṇam ity arthaḥ | ca-śabdāt karmendriyāṇi ca pañca prāṇāṃś cādhiṣṭhāye ty avagamyam ||9||

BhG 15.10

śrīdharaḥ : nanu kārya-kāraṇa-saṅghāta-vyatirekeṇa evambhūtam ātmānaṃ sarve 'pi kiṃ na paśyanti | tatrāha utkrāmantam iti | utkrāmantaṃ dehād dehāntaraṃ gacchantaṃ tasminn eva dehe sthitaṃ vā viṣayān bhuñjānaṃ vā guṇānvitam indriyādi-yuktaṃ jīvaṃ vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti nālokayanti | jñānam eva cakṣur yeṣāṃ te vivekinaḥ paśyanti ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ deha-gataṃ darśana-yogayam api dehāt utkrāmantam iti | utkrāmantaṃ dehāntaraṃ gacchantaṃ pūrvasmāt, sthitaṃ vāpi tasminn eva dehe, bhuñjānaṃ vā śabdādīn viṣayān | guṇānvitam sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakair guṇair anvitam | evaṃ sarvāsv avasthāsu darśana-yogyam apy enaṃ vimūḍhā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-viṣaya-bhoga-vāsanākṛṣṭa-cetastayātmānātma-vivekāyogyā nānupaśyanti | aho kaṣṭaṃ vartata ity ajñān anukrośati bhagavān | ye tu pramāṇa-janita-jñāna-cakṣuṣo vivekinas ta eva paśyanti ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu yamād dehān niṣkrāmati yasmin dehe vā tiṣṭhati tatra sthitvā vā yathā bhogān bhuṅkte ity evaṃ viśeṣaṃ nopalabhāmahe | tatrāha utkrāmantaṃ dehānn niṣkrāmantaṃ, sthitaṃ dehāntare vartamānaṃ ca viṣayān bhuñjānaṃ ca guṇānvitam indiryādi-sahitaṃ vimūḍhā avivekinaḥ jñāna-cakṣuṣo vivekinaḥ ||10||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ śarīrasthatvenānubhavayogyam avivekinas tam ātmānaṃ nānubhavantīty āha ud iti | śarīrād utkrāmantaṃ tatraiva sthitaṃ vā sthitvā viṣayān bhuñjānaṃ vā guṇānvitaṃ sukha-duḥkha-mohair indiryādibhir vānvitaṃ yuktam anubhava-yogyam apy ātmānaṃ vimūḍhāś cirantana-jñāna-cakṣuṣo viveka-jñāna-netrās tu taṃ paśyanti | śarīrādi-viviktam anubhavanti ||10||

BhG 15.11

śrīdharaḥ : durjñeyaś cāyaṃ yato vivekiṣv api kecit paśyanti kecin na paśyantīty āha yatanta iti | yatanto dhyānādibhiḥ prayatamānā yoginaḥ kecid enam ātmānam ātmani dehe 'vasthitaṃ viviktaṃ paśyanti | śāstrābhyāsādibhiḥ prayatnaṃ kurvāṇā apy akṛtātmāno 'viśuddha-cittā ata evācetaso manda-mataya enaṃ na paśyanti ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : paśyanti jñāna-cakṣuṣa ity etad vivṛṇoti yatanta iti | ātmani sva-buddhāv avasthitaṃ pratiphalitam enam ātmānam yatanto dhyānādibhiḥ prayatamānā yogina eva paśyanti | co 'vadhāraṇe | yatamānā apy akṛtātmāno yajñādibhir aśodhitāntaḥ-karaṇā ata evācetaso viveka-śūnyā nainaṃ paśyantīti vimūḍhā nānupaśyantīty etad vivaraṇam ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : te ca vivekino yatamānā yogina evety āha yatanta iti | akṛtātmāno 'śuddha-cittāḥ ||11||

baladevaḥ : jñāna-cakṣuṣaḥ paśyanti ity etad vivṛṇvan durjñānatāṃ tasyāh yatanta iti | kecid yogino yatamānāḥ śravaṇādy-upāyān anutiṣṭhanta ātmani śarīre 'vasthitam enam ātmānaṃ paśyanti | kecid yatamānā apy akṛtātmāno 'nirmala-cittā ato 'vacetaso 'nudita-viveka-jñānā enaṃ na paśyantīti durjñeyam ātma-tattvam ity arthaḥ ||11||

BhG 15.12

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ na tad bhāsayate sūrya ity ādinā pārameśvaraṃ paraṃ dhāmoktam | tat-prāptānāṃ cāpunar-āvṛttir uktā | tatra ca saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvam āśaṅkya saṃsāri-svarūpaṃ dehādi-vyatiriktaṃ darśitam | idānīṃ tad eva pārameśvaraṃ rūpam ananta-śaktitvena nirūpayati yad ity ādi-caturbhiḥ | ādiyādiṣu sthitaṃ yad aneka-prakāraṃ tejo viśvaṃ prakāśayati tat sarvaṃ tejo madīyam eva jānīhi ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ yat padaṃ sarvāvabhāsana-kṣamā apy ādityādayo bhāsayituṃ na kṣamante yat-prāptāś ca mumukṣavaḥ punaḥ saṃsārāya nāvartante yasya ca padasyopādi-bhedam anu vidhīyamānā jīvā ghaṭākāśādaya ivākāśasya kalpitāṃśā mṛṣaiva saṃsāram anubhavanti tasya padasya sarvātmatva-sarva-vyavahārāspadatva-pradarśanena brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] iti prāg uktaṃ vivarītuṃ caturbhiḥ ślokair ātmano vibhūti-saṃkṣepam āha bhagavān yad iti | na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ [KaṭhU 2.2.15] ity ādinā | tam eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [KaṭhU 2.2.15] iti śruty-artham anena vyākhyāyate | yad āditya-gataṃ tejaś caitnyātmakaṃ jyotir yac candramasi yac cāgnau sthitaṃ tejo jagad akhilam avabhāsayate tat tejo māmakaṃ madīyaṃ viddhi | yadyapi sthāvara-jaṅgameṣu samānaṃ caitanyātmakaṃ jyotis tathāpi sattvotkarṣeṇādityādīnām utkarṣāt tatraivāvistarāṃ caitanya-jyotir iti tair viśeṣyate yad āditya-gatam ity ādi | yathā tulye 'pi mukha-saṃnidhāne kāṣṭha-kuḍyādau na mukham āvirbhavati | ādarśādau ca svacche svacchatare ca tāratamyenāvirbhavati tadvad yad āditya-gataṃ teja ity uktvā punas tat tejo viddhi māmakam iti tejo-grahaṇād yad ādityādi-gataṃ tejaḥ prakāśaḥ para-prakāśa-samarthaṃ sita-bhāsvaraṃ rūpaṃ jagad akhilaṃ rūpavad vastu avabhāsayate | evaṃ yac candramasi yac cāgnau jagad-avabhāsakaṃ tejas tan māmākaṃ viddhīti vibhūti-kathanāya dvitīyo 'py artho draṣṭavyaḥ | anyathā tan māmakaṃ viddhīty etāvad brūyāt tejo-grahaṇam antareṇaiveti bhāvaḥ ||12||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ jīvasya baddhāvasthāyāṃ yat yat prāpya-vastu tatrāham eva sūrya-candrādy-ātmakaḥ sann upakaromīty āha yad iti tribhiḥ | āditya-sthitaṃ teja eva udaya-parvate prātar uditya jīvasya dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-bhoga-sādhana-karma-pravartanārthaṃ jagad bhāsayata evaṃ ca yac candramasi aganau ca tat tad akhilaṃ māmakam eva | sūryādi-saṃjño 'ham eva bhavāmīty arthaḥ | tat tejasa eva tat-tad-vibhūtir iti bhāvaḥ ||12||

baladevaḥ : atha mad-aṃśasya jīvasya saṃsāra-raktasya mumukṣoś ca bhoga-mokṣa-sādhanam aham eveti bhāvenāha yad iti caturbhiḥ | āditye sthitaṃ yat tejo yac candre 'gnau ca sthitaṃ sat sarvaṃ jagat prakāśayati, tat tejo māmakaṃ madīyaṃ viddhi | uditena sūryeṇa jvalitena ca vahninādṛṣṭa-bhoga-sādhanāni karmāṇi niṣpadyante | timira-jāḍya-nāśādayaś ca sukha-hetavo bhavanti | uditena candreṇa cauṣadhi-poṣa-tāpa-śānti-jyotsnāvihārās tathābhūtā bhavantīti teṣāṃ tat-tat-sādhakaṃ tejo mat-tejo-vibhūtir ity arthaḥ ||12||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca gām iti | gāṃ pṛthvīm ojasā balenādhiṣṭhāyāham eva carācarāṇi bhūtāni dhārayāmi | aham eva rasamayaḥ somo bhūtvā brīhy-ādy-auṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ saṃvardhayāmi ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca, gāṃ pṛthivīm pṛthivī-devatā-rūpeṇāviśyaujasā nijena balena pṛthivīṃ dhūli-muṣṭi-tulyāṃ dṛḍhīkṛtya bhūtāni pṛthivyādheyāni vastūny aham eva dhārayāmi | anyathā pṛthivī sikatā-muṣṭivad viśīryatādho nimajjed vā | yena dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā [YajuḥK 1.8.5, TaittS 4.1.8] iti mantra-varṇāt | sa dādhāra pṛthivīm [Ṛk 8.7.3.1] iti ca hiraṇyagarbha-bhāvāpannaṃ bhagavantam evāha | kiṃ ca, rasātmakaḥ sarva-rasa-svabhāvaḥ somo bhūtvauṣadhīḥ sarvā brīhi-yavādyāḥ pṛthivyāṃ jātā aham eva puṣṇāmi puṣṭimatī rasa-svādumatīś ca karomi ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : gāṃ pṛthvīm ojasā sva-śaktyāviśyādhiṣṭhāyāham eva carācarāṇi bhūtāni dhārayāmi | tathāham evāmṛta-rasamayaḥ somo bhūtvā brīhy-ādy-auṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ saṃvardhayāmi ||13||

baladevaḥ : gām iti pāṃśu-muṣṭi-tulyāṃ gāṃ pṛthivīm ojasā sva-śaktyāviśya dṛḍhīkṛtya bhūtāni sthira-carāṇi dhārayāmi | mantra-varṇaś caivam āha -- yena dyaur ugrā pṛthivī ca dṛḍhā [Ṛk 8.7.3.1] iti | anyathāsau sikatā-muṣṭivad-viśīryeṇa nimajjed veti bhāvaḥ | tathāham eva rasātmakaḥ somo 'mṛtamayaś candro bhūtvā sarvā auṣadhīr nikhilā brīhy-ādyāḥ puṣṇāmi | svādu-vividha-rasa-pūrṇāḥ karomi | tathā ca bhūmiloke sthitasya jīvasya vividha-prāsāda-bāṭikā-taḍāgādi-krīḍā-sthānāni nirmāya nānā-rasān bhuñjānasya tat-tat-sādhanam aham eveti ||13||

BhG 15.14

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca aham iti | aham īśvara eva vaiśvānaro jaṭharāgnir bhūtvā prāṇināṃ dehasyāntaḥ praviśya prānāpānābhyāṃ ca tad-uddīpakābhyāṃ sahitaḥ prāṇibhir bhuktaṃ bhakṣyaṃ bhojyaṃ lehyaṃ coṣyaṃ ceti caturvidham annaṃ pacāmi | tatra yad dantair avakhaṇḍyāvakhaṇḍya bhakṣyate pūpādi tad bhakṣyam | yat tu kevalaṃ jihvayā viloḍya nigīryate pāyasādi tad bhojyam | yaj jihvāyāṃ nikṣipya rasāsvādena kramaśo nigīryate dravībhūtaṃ guḍādi tal lehyam | yat tu daṃṣṭrādibhir niṣpīḍya sārāṃśaṃ nigīryāvaśiṣṭaṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca aham iti | aham īśvara eva vaiśvānaro jaṭharo 'gnir bhūtvā ayam agnir vaiśvānaro yo 'yam antaḥ puruṣe yenedam annaṃ pacyate yad idam adyate [BAU 5.9.1] ity ādi śruti-pratipāditaḥ san prāṇināṃ sarveṣāṃ deham āśrito 'ntaḥ praviṣṭaḥ prānāpānābhyāṃ tad-uddīpakābhyāṃ saṃyuktaḥ saṃdhukṣitaḥ san pacāmi prāṇibhir bhuktam annaṃ caturvidham bhakṣyaṃ bhojyaṃ lehyaṃ coṣyaṃ ceti | tatra yad dantair avakhaṇḍyāvakhaṇḍya bhakṣyate pūpādi tad bhakṣyam | yat tu kevalaṃ jihvayā viloḍya nigīryate sūpaudanādi tad bhojyam | yaj jihvāyāṃ nikṣipya rasāsvādena nigīryate kiṃcid dravībhūtaṃ guḍa-rasālā-śikhariṇy-ādi tal lehyam | yat tu dantair niṣpīḍya rasāṃśaṃ nigīryāvaśiṣṭaṃ tyajyate yathekṣu-daṇḍādi tac coṣyam iti bhedaḥ | bhoktā yaḥ so 'gnri vaiśvānaro yad bhojyam annaṃ sa somas tad etad ubhayam agnīṣomau sarvam iti dhyāyato 'nna-doṣa-lepo na bhavatīty api draṣṭavyam ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : vaiśvānaro jaṭharānalaḥ prāṇāpānābhyāṃ tad uddīpakābhyāṃ sahitaś caturvidhaṃ bhakṣyaṃ bhojyaṃ lehyaṃ coṣyam | bhakṣyaṃ danta-cchedyaṃ bhṛṣṭa-canakādi bhojyaṃ modakādi | lehyaṃ guḍādi | coṣyam ikṣu-daṇḍādi ||14||

baladevaḥ : bhogyānām annādīnāṃ pāka-hetuś cāham evety āha aham iti | vaiśvānaro jaṭharāgnis tac-charīrako bhūtvā prāṇināṃ sarveṣāṃ deham udaram āśritaḥ prānāpānābhyāṃ tad-uddīpakābhyāṃ samāyuktaś ca sann ahaṃ tair bhuktaṃ caturvidham annaṃ pacāmi pākaṃ nayāmi | śrutiś caivam āha ayam agnir vaiśvānaro yo 'yam antaḥ puruṣe yenedaṃ annaṃ pacyate ity ādinā | tathā cāham eva jāṭharāgni-śarīras tad-upakārīty evam āha sūtrakāraḥ -- śabdādibhyo 'ntaḥ pratiṣṭhānāc ca ity ādinā | annasya cāturvidhyaṃ ca bhakṣyaṃ bhojyaṃ lehyaṃ cūṣyaṃ ceti bhedāt | danta-cchedyaṃ caṇaka-pūpādi | bhakṣyaṃ carvyam iti cocyate | modakaudana-sūpādi bhojyaṃ | pāyasa-guḍa-madhv-ādi lehyaṃ | pakvāmrekṣu-daṇḍādi cūṣyaṃ | soma-vaiśvānarayoḥ svābhedenoktiḥ sva-vyāpyatvād iti bodhyam ||14||

BhG 15.15

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvasya prāni-jātasya hṛdi samyag-antaryāmi-rūpeṇa praviṣṭo 'ham | ataś ca matta eva hetoḥ prāṇi-mātrasya pūrvānbhūtārtha-viṣayā smṛtir bhavati | jñānaṃ ca viṣayendndriya-saṃyogajaṃ bhavati | āpohanaṃ ca tayoḥ pramoṣo bhavati | vedaiś ca sarvais tat-tad-devatādi-rūpeṇāham eva vedyaḥ | vedānta-kṛt tat-sampradāya-pravartakaś ca | jñānado gurur aham ity arthaḥ | veda-vid eva ca vedārtha-vid apy aham eva ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : kiṃ ca, sarvasya brahmādi-sthāvarāntasya prāṇi-jātasyāham ātmā san hṛdi buddhau saṃniviṣtaḥ sa eṣa iha praviṣṭaḥ [BAU 1.4.7] iti śruteḥ | anena jīvenātmanānupraviśya nāma-rūpe vyākaravāṇi [ChāU 6.3.2] iti ca | ato matta ātmana eva hetoḥ prāṇi-jātasya yathānurūpaṃ smṛtir etaj janmani pūrvānubhūtārtha-viṣayā vṛttir yogināṃ ca janmāntarānubhūtārtha-viṣayāpi | tathā matta eva jñānaṃ viṣayendriya-saṃyogajaṃ bhavati | yogināṃ ca deśa-kāla-viprakṛṣṭa-viṣayam api | evaṃ kāma-krodha-śokādi-vyākula-cetasām apohanaṃ ca smṛti-jñānayor apāyaś ca matta eva bhavati |

evaṃ svasya jīva-rūpatām uktvā brahma-rūpatām āha - vedaiś ca sarvair indrādi-devatā-prakāśakair api aham eva vedyaḥ sarvātmatvāt |

indraṃ mitraṃ varuṇam agnim āhur atho divyaḥ sa suparṇo garutmān | ekaṃ sad viprā bahudhā vadanti

eṣa u hy eva sarve devāḥ iti ca śruteḥ | vedānta-kṛd vedāntārtha-sampradāya-pravartako veda-vyāsādi-rūpeṇa | na kevalam etāvad eva veda-vid eva cāhaṃ karma-kāṇḍopāsanā-kāṇḍa-jñāna-kāṇḍātmaka-mantra-brāhmaṇa-rūpa-sarva-vedārtha-vic cāham eva | ataḥ sādhūktaṃ brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] ity ādi ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : yathaiva jaṭhare jaṭharāgnir ahaṃ tathaiva sarvasya carācarasya hṛdi sanniviṣṭo buddhi-tattva-rūpo 'ham eva | yato matto buddhi-tattvād eva pūrvānubhūtārtha-viṣayānusmṛtir bhavati | tathā viṣayendriya-yogajaṃ jñānaṃ ca apohanaṃ smṛti-jñānayor apagamaś ca bhavatīti | jīvasya bandhāvasthāyāṃ svasyopakārakatvam uktvā mokṣāvasthāyāṃ yat prāpyaṃ tatrāpy upakāratvam āha vedair iti | veda-vyāsa-dvārā vedānta-kṛd aham eva yato vedavid vedārtha-tattva-jño 'ham eva matto 'nyo vedārthaṃ na jānātīty arthaḥ ||15||

baladevaḥ : prāṇināṃ jñānājñāna-hetuś cāham evety āha sarvasya ceti | tayoḥ soma-vaiśvānarayoḥ sarvasya ca prāṇi-vṛndasya hṛdi nikhila-pravṛtti-hetu-jñānodaya-dehe 'ham eva niyāmakatvena sanniviṣṭaḥ | antaḥ-praviṣṭaḥ śāstā janānām [TaittA 3.11] | ity ādi-śravaṇāt | ato matta eva sarvasya smṛtiḥ pūṛvānubhūta-vastu-viṣayānusandhi-jñānaṃ ca viṣayendriya-sannikarṣa-janyaṃ jāyate | tayor apohanaṃ pramoṣaś ca matto bhavati | evam uktaṃ uddhavena tvatto jñānaṃ hi jīvānāṃ pramoṣas tatra śaktitaḥ iti |

evaṃ sāṃsārika-bhoga-sādhanatāṃ svasyoktvā mokṣa-sādhanatām āha vedaiś ceti | sarvair nikhilair vedair aham eva sarveśvaraḥ sarva-śaktimān kṛṣṇo vedyaḥ | yo 'sau sarvair vedair gīyate iti śruteḥ | atra karma-kāṇḍena paramparayā jñāna-kāṇḍena tu sākṣād iti bodhyam | katham evaṃ pratyetavyam iti cet tatrāha vedānta-kṛd aham eveti | vedānām anto 'rtha-nirṇayas tat-kṛd aham eva bādarāyaṇātmanā | evam āha sūtra-kāraḥ -- ta tu samanvayāt [Vs 1.1.4] ity ādibhiḥ | nanv anye vedārtham anyathā vyācakṣyate | tatrāha vedavid eva cāham ity aham eva vedavid iti | bādarāyaṇaḥ san yam artham ahaṃ niraṇaiṣaṃ sa eva vedārthas tato 'nyathā tu bhrānti-vijṛmbhita iti | tathā

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ tad dhāma paramaṃ mameti yad uktaṃ svakīyaṃ sarvottama-svarūpaṃ tad darśayati dvāv iti tribhiḥ | kṣaraś cākṣaraś ceti dvāv imau puruṣau loke prasiddhau | tāv evāha tatra kṣaraḥ puruṣo nāma sarvāṇi bhūtāni brahmādi-sthāvarāntāni śarīrāṇi | aviveki-lokasya śarīreṣv eva puruṣatva-prasiddheḥ | kuṭo rāśiḥ śilā-rāśiḥ | parvata iva deheṣu naśyatsv api nirvikāratayā tiṣṭhatīti kūṭashtaś cetano bhoktā | sa tv akṣaraḥ puruṣa ity ucyate vivekibhiḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ sopādhikam ātmānam uktvā kṣarākṣara-śabda-vācya-kārya-kāraṇopādhi-dvaya-viyogena nirupādhikaṃ śuddham ātmānaṃ pratipādayati kṛpayā bhagavān arjunāya dvāv imāv iti tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ | dvāv imau pṛthag-rāśī-kṛtau puruṣau puruṣopādhitvena puruṣa-śabda-vyapadeśyau loke saṃsāre | kau tau ? ity āha kṣarākṣara eva ca kṣaratīti kṣaro vināśī kārya-rāśir ekaḥ puruṣaḥ | na kṣaratīty akṣaro vināśa-rahitaḥ kṣarākhyasya puruṣasyotpatti-bījaṃ bhagavato māyā-śaktir dvitīyaḥ puruṣaḥ | tau puruṣau vyācaṣṭe svayam eva bhagavān kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni samastaṃ kārya-jātam ity arthaḥ | kūṭasthaḥ kūṭo yathārtha-vastv-ācchādanenāyathārth-vastu-prakāśanaṃ vañcanaṃ māyety anarthāntaram | tenāvaraṇa-vikṣepa-śakti-dvaya-rūpeṇa sthitaḥ kūṭastho bhagavān māyā-śakti-rūpaḥ kāraṇopādhiḥ saṃsāra-bījatvenānantyād akṣara ucyate |

kecit tu kṣara-śabdenācetana-vargam uktvā kūṭastho 'kṣara ucyata ity anena jīvam āhuḥ | tan na samyak | kṣetrajñasyaiveha puruṣottamatvena pratipādyatvāt | tasmāt kṣarākṣara-śabdābhyāṃ kārya-kāraṇopādhī ubhāv api jaḍāv evocyete ity eva yuktam ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : yasmād aham eva vedavit tasmāt sarva-vedārtha-niṣkarṣaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa bravīmi śṛṇu ity āha dvāv imāv iti tribhiḥ | loke caturdaśa-bhuvanātmake jaḍa-prapañce imau dvau puruṣau cetanau staḥ | kau tāv ata āha kṣaraṃ sva-svarūpāt kṣarati vicyuto bhavatīti kṣaro jīvaḥ | sva-svarūpān na kṣaratīty akṣara brahmaiva | etad vai tad akṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti | iti śruteḥ | akṣaraṃ brahma paramam iti smṛteś ca akṣara-śabdo brahma-vācaka eva dṛṣṭaḥ | kṣarākṣarayor arthaṃ punar viśadayati sarvāṇi bhūtāni eko jīva eva anādy-avidyayā svarūpa-vicyutaḥ san karma-paratantraḥ samaṣṭy-ātmako brahmādi-sthāvarāntāni bhūtāni bhavatīty arthaḥ | jātyā vā ekavacanam | dvitīya-puruṣo 'kṣaras tu kūṭastha ekenaiva svarūpeṇavicyutimatā sarva-kāla-vyāpī | ekarūpatayā tu yaḥ kāla-vyāpī sa kūṭasthaḥ ity amaraḥ ||16||

baladevaḥ : bādarāyaṇātmanā nirṇītaṃ vedārthaṃ saṅkṣipyāha dvāv iti | lokyate tattvam anena iti vyutpatter loke vede | dvau puruṣau prathitau imāv iti pramāṇa-siddhatā sūcyate | tau kāv ity āha kṣaraś ceti | śarīra-kṣaraṇāt kṣaro 'nekāvastho baddho 'cit-saṃsargaika-dharma-sambandhād ekatvena nirdiṣṭaḥ | akṣaras tad-abhāvād ekāvastho mukto 'cid-viyogaika-dharma-sambandhād ekatvena nirdiṣṭaḥ | kṣarākṣarau sphuṭayati sarvāṇi brahmādi-stambāntāni bhūtāni kṣaraḥ | kūtasthaḥ sadiakāvastho muktas tv akṣaraḥ | ekatva-nirdeśaḥ prāg-ukta-yukter bodhyaḥ | bahavo jñāna-tapasā ity ādeḥ | idaṃ jñānam upāśritya ity ādeś ca bahutva-saṅkhyākaḥ saḥ ||16||

BhG 15.17

śrīdharaḥ : yad artham etau lakṣitau tam āha uttama iti | etābhyāṃ kṣarāksarābhyām anyo vilakṣaṇas tu uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ | vailakṣaṇyam evāha paramaś cāsāv ātmā cety udāhṛtaḥ uktaḥ śrutibhiḥ | ātmatvena kṣarād acetanād vilakṣaṇaḥ | paramatvenākṣarāc cetanād bhoktur vilakṣaṇa ity arthaḥ | paramātmatvaṃ darśayati yo loka-trayam iti | ya īśvara īśana-śīlo 'vyayaś ca nirvikāra eva san loka-trayaṃ kṛsnam āviśya bibharti pālayati ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ vilakṣaṇaḥ kṣarākṣaropādhi-dvaya-doṣeṇāspṛṣṭo nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvaḥ uttama iti | uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ puruṣas tv anyonya evātyanta-vilakṣaṇa ābhyāṃ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ jaḍa-rāśibhyām ubhaya-bhāsakas tṛtīyaś cetana-rāśir ity arthaḥ | paramātmety udāhṛto 'nna-maya-prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-jñāna-mayānanda-mayebhyaḥ pañcabhyo 'vidyā-kalpitātmabhyaḥ paramaḥ prakṛṣṭo 'kalpito brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhety ukta ātmā ca sarva-bhūtānāṃ pratyak-cetana ity ataḥ paramātmety uktao vedānteṣu | yaḥ paramātmā loka-trayam bhūr-bhuvaḥ-svar-ākhyaṃ sarvaṃ jagad iti yāvat | āviśya svakīyayā māyā-śaktyādhiṣṭhāya bibharti sattā-sphūrti-pradānena dhārayati poṣayati ca | kīdṛśaḥ ? avyayaḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnya īśvaraḥ sarvasya niyantā nārāyaṇaḥ sa uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ paramātmety udāhṛta ity anvayaḥ | sa uttamaḥ puruṣa iti śruteḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : jñānibhir upāsyaṃ brahmoktvā yogibhir upāsyaṃ paramātmānam āha uttama iti | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-vaiśiṣṭhyād dyotakaḥ | jñānibhyaś cādhiko yogīty upāsaka-vaiśiṣṭyād evopāsya-vaiśiṣṭyaṃ ca labhyate | paramātma-tattvam eva darśayati ya īśvara īsana-śīlo 'vyayo nirvikāra eva san loka-trayaṃ kṛtsnam āviśya bibharti dhārayati pālayati ca ||17||

baladevaḥ : yad arthaṃ dvau puruṣau nirūpitau tam āha uttama iti | anyaḥ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ na tu tayor evaikaḥ saṅkalpa iti bhāvaḥ | tatra śruti-sammatim āha paramātmeti | uttamatā-prayojakaṃ dharmam āha yo loketi | na caitaj jagad-vidhāraṇa-pālana-rūpam īśanaṃ baddhasya jīvasya karmāsambhavāt | na ca muktasya jagad-vyāpāra-varjam iti pratiṣedhāc ca ||17||

BhG 15.18

śrīdharaḥ : evam uktaṃ puruṣottamatvam ātmano nāma-nirvacanena darśayati yasmādi it | yasmāt kṣaraṃ jaḍa-vargam atikrānto 'haṃ nityam uktatvāt | akṣarāc cetana-vargād apy uttamaś ca niyantṛtvāt | ato loke vede ca puruṣottama iti prathitaḥ prakhyāto 'smi | tathā ca śrutiḥ - sa eva sarvasyeśānaḥ sarvasyādhipatiḥ sarvam idaṃ praśāstīty ādi ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ yathā-vyākhyāteśvarasya kṣarākṣara-vilakṣaṇasya puruṣottama ity etat prasiddha-nāma-nirvacanenedṛśaḥ parameśvaro 'ham evety ātmānaṃ darśayati bhagavān brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāhaṃ [Gītā 14.27] tad dhāma paramaṃ mama [Gītā 15.6] ityādi prāg-ukta-nija-mahima-nirdhāraṇāya yasmād iti | yasmāt kṣaraṃ kāryatvena vināśinaṃ māyāmayaṃ saṃsāra-vṛklṣam aśvatthākhyam atīto 'tikrānto 'haṃ parameśvaro 'kṣarād api māyākhyād avyākṛtād akṣarāt parataḥ para iti pañcamy-antākṣara-padena pratipāditāt saṃsāra-vṛkṣa-bīja-bhūtāt sarva-kāraṇād api cottama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ | ataḥ kṣarākṣarābhyāṃ puruṣotpādhibhyām adhyāsena puruṣa-pada-vyapadśyābhyām uttamatvād asmi bhavāmi loke vede ca prathitaḥ prakhyātaḥ puruṣottama iti sa uttamaḥ puruṣa iti veda udāhṛta eva loke ca kavi-kāvyādau harir yathaikaḥ puruṣottamaḥ smṛtaḥ ity ādi prasiddham |

viśvanāthaḥ : yogibhir upāsyaṃ paramātmānam uktvā bhaktair upāsyaṃ bhagavantaṃ vadan bhagavattve 'pi svasya kṛṣṇa-svarūpasya puruṣottama iti nāma vyācakṣāṇaḥ sarvotkarṣam āha yasmād iti | kṣaraṃ puruṣaṃ jīvātmānam atītaḥ akṣarāt puruṣāt brahmata uttamād avikārāt paramātmanaḥ puruṣād apy uttamaḥ |

yoginām api sarveṣāṃ mad-gatenāntarātmanā | śraddhāvān bhajate yo māṃ

upāsaka-vaiśiṣṭyād evopāsya-vaiśiṣṭya-lābhāt | ca-kārād bhagavato vaikuṇṭha-nāthādeḥ sakāśād api ete cāṃśa-kalāḥ puṃsaḥ kṛṣṇas tu bhagavān svayam iti sūtokter aham uttamaḥ |

atra yadyapy ekam eva sac-cid-ānanda-svarūpaṃ vastu brahma-paramātma-bhagavat-śabdair ucyate na tu vastutaḥ svarūpataḥ ko 'pi bhedo 'sti svarūpa-dvayābhāvāt (BhP 6.9.35) iti ṣaṣṭha-skandhokteḥ | tad api tat-tad-upāsakānāṃ sādhanataḥ phalataś ca bheda-darśanāt bheda iva vyavahriyate | tathā hi brahma-paramātma-bhagavad-upāsakānāṃ krameṇa tat-tat-prāpti-sādhanaṃ jñānaṃ yogo bhaktiś ca | phalaṃ ca jñāna-yogayor vastuto mokṣa eva, bhaktes tu premavat-pārṣadatvaṃ ca | tatra bhaktyā vinā jñāna-yogābhyāṃ naiṣkarmyam apy acyuta-bhāva-varjitaṃ na śobhate [BhP 1.5.12] iti | pureha bhūman bahavo 'pi yoginaḥ [BhP 10.14.5] ity ādi-darśanāt na mokṣa iti |

brahmopāsakaiḥ paramātmopāsakaiḥ sva-sādhya-phala-siddhy-arthaṃ bhagavato bhaktir avaśyaṃ kartavyaiva | bhagavad-upāsakas tu sva-sādhya-phala-siddhy-arthaṃ na brahmopāsanāpi paramātmopāsanā kriyate | na jñānaṃ na ca vairāgyaṃ prāyaḥ śreyo bhaved iha [BhP 11.20.31] iti, yat karmabhir yat tapasā jñāna-vairāgyataś ca yat [BhP 11.20.32] ity ādau -

sarvaṃ mad-bhakti-yogena mad-bhakto labhate 'ñjasā | svargāpavargaṃ mad-dhāma

ataeva bhagavad-upāsanayā svargāpavarga-premādīni sarva-phalāny eva labdhuṃ śakyante | brahma-paramātmopāsanayā tu na premādīnīty ata eva brahma-paramātmābhyāṃ bhagavad-utkarṣaḥ khalu abhede 'py ucyate | yathā tejastvenābhede 'pi jyotir dīpāgni-puñjeṣu madhye śītādy-ārti-kṣayād dhetor agni-puñja eva śreṣṭha ucyate | tatrāpi bhagavataḥ śrī-kṛṣṇasya tu parama evotkarṣaḥ | yathā agni-puñjād api sūryasya, yena brahmopāsanā-paripākato labhyo nirvāṇa-mokṣaḥ sva-dveṣṭṛbhyo 'py agha-bak-jarāsandhādibhyo mahā-pāpibhyo datta iti | ataeva brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham ity atra yathāvad eva vyākhyātaṃ śrī-svāmi-caraṇaiḥ |

śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādair api --

cid-ānandākāraṃ jalada-ruci-sāraṃ śruti-girāṃ vraja-strīṇāṃ hāraṃ bhava-jaladhi-pāraṃ kṛta-dhiyām | vihantuṃ bhūbhāraṃ vidadhad-avatāraṃ muhur aho tato vāraṃ vāraṃ bhajata kuśalārambha-kṛtinaḥ || iti |

vaṃśī-vvibhūṣita-karān nava-nīradābhāt pītāmbarād aruṇa-bimba-phalādharauṣṭhāt | pūrṇendu-sundara-mukhād aravinda-netrāt kṛṣṇāt paraṃ kim api tattvam ahaṃ na jāne || iti |

ity uktavadbhiḥ kṛṣṇe sarvotkarṣa eva vyavasthāpita ity ataḥ dvāv imau ity ādi śloka-trayasyāsya vyākhyāyām asyām abhyasūyā nāviṣkartavyā | namo 'stu kevala-vidbhyaḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : atha puruṣottama-nāma-nirvacanaṃ svasya tattvam āha yasmād iti uttama utkṛṣṭatamaḥ | loke pauruṣeyāgame lokyate vedārtho 'nena iti nirukteḥ | vede tāvad eṣa samprasādo 'smāc charīrāt samutthāya paraṃ jyotīrūpaṃ sampadya svena rūpeṇābhiniṣpadyate, sa uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ ity ādau prathitaḥ yat paraṃ jyotiḥ samprasādenopasampannaṃ sa uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ paramātmetiy arthaḥ | loke ca -

tair vijñāpita-kāryas tu bhagavān puruṣottamaḥ | avatīrṇo mahā-yogī satyavatyāṃ parāśarāt || [SkandaP] ity ādau prathitaḥ ||18||

BhG 15.19

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūteśvarasya jñātuḥ phalam āha ya iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇāsammūḍho niścita-matiḥ san yo māṃ puruṣottamaṃ jānāti sa sarva-bhāvena sarva-prakāreṇa mām eva bhajati | tataś ca sarvavit sarvajño bhavati ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ nāma-nirvacana-jñāne phalam āha yo mām iti | yo mām īśvaram evaṃ yathokta-nāma-nirvacanenāsaṃmūḍho manuṣya evāyaṃ kaścit kṛṣṇa iti saṃmoha-varjito jānāty ayam īśvara eveti puruṣottamaṃ prāg vyākhyātaṃ sa māṃ bhajati sevate sarvavin māṃ sarvātmānaṃ vettīti sa eva sarvajñaḥ sarva-bhāvena prema-lakṣaṇena bhakti-yogena he bhārata | ato yad uktam -

māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |

yathoktaṃ brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti tad apy upapannataram |

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv etasmiṃs tvayā vyavasthāpite 'py arthe vādino vivadanta eva, tatra vivadantāṃ te man-māyā-mohitāḥ sādhus tu na muhyatīty āha yo mām iti | asammūḍho vādināṃ vādiar aprāpta-saṃmohaḥ | sa eva sarvavid anadhīta-śāstre 'pi sa sarva-śāstrārtha-tattva-jñaḥ | tad-anyaḥ kilādhītādhyāśita-sarva-śāstre 'pi saṃmūḍhaḥ samyaṅ-mūrkha eveti bhāvaḥ | tathā ya evaṃ jānāti sa eva māṃ sarvato-bhāvena bhajati | tad anye bhajann api na māṃ bhajatīty arthaḥ ||19||

baladevaḥ : tātparya-dyotanāya puruṣottamatva-vettuḥ phalam āha yo mām iti | evaṃ mad-ukta-niruktyā na tv aśva-karṇādivat saṃjñā-mātratvena | yo māṃ puruṣottamaṃ jānāty asaṃmūḍhaḥ | prokte puruṣottamatve saṃśaya-śūnyaḥ san, sa śloka-trayasyaivārthaṃ jānan sarva-vit | nikhilasya vedasya tatraiva tātparyāt | puruṣottamatvajño māṃ sarva-bhāvena sarva-prakāreṇa bhajaty upāste | sarva-vedārtha-vettari sarva-bhakty-aṅgānuṣṭhātari ca yo me prasādaḥ sa tasmin bhaved iti me puruṣottamatve sandihānas tv adhīta-sarva-vedo 'py ajñaḥ | sarvathā bhajann apy abhakta iti bhāvaḥ ||19||

BhG 15.20

śrīdharaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharati itīti | ity anena saṃkṣepa-prakāreṇa guhyatamam atirahasyaṃ sampūrṇaṃ śāstram eva mayoktam | na tu punar viṃśati-ślokam adhyāya-mātraṃ he anagha vyasana-śūnya | ata etan mad-uktaṃ śāstraṃ buddhyā buddhimān samyag jñānī syaāt | ṛta-kṛtyaś ca syāt | yo 'pi ko 'pi he bhārata tvaṃ kṛta-kṛtyo 'sīti kiṃ vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ ||20||

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ puruṣottama-yogo nāma pañcadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm adhyāyārthaṃ stuvann upasaṃharati itīti | iti anena prakāreṇa guhyatamaṃ rahasyatamaṃ sampūrṇaṃ śāstram eva saṃkṣepeṇedam asminn adhyāye mayoktaṃ he 'naghāvyasana | etad buddhvānyo 'pi yaḥ kaścid buddhimān ātma-jñānavān syāt kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ kṛtyaṃ yena na punaḥ kṛtyāntaraṃ yasyāsti sa kṛtakṛtyaś ca syāt | viśiṣṭa-janma-prasūtena brāhmaṇena yat kartavyaṃ tat sarvaṃ bhagavat-tattve vidite kṛtaṃ bhavet na tv anyathā kartavyaṃ parisamāpyate kasyacid ity abhiprāyaḥ | he bhārata tvaṃ tu mahākula-prasūtaḥ svayaṃ ca vyasana-rahita iti kula-guṇena

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām puruṣottam-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharati itīti | viṃśatyā ślokair ebhir atirahasyaṃ śāstram eva sampūrṇaṃ mayoktam ||20||

||15||

baladevaḥ : athaitad apātreṣv aprakāśyam iti bhāvenāha itīti | ity evaṃ saṃkṣepa-rūpaṃ puruṣottamatva-nirūpakam idaṃ triślokī-śāstraṃ tubhyaṃ parama-bhaktāya mayoktam | he anagha, tvaāpy apātreṣu naitat prakāśyam iti bhāvaḥ | etad buddhvā buddhimān parokṣa-jñānī syāt | kṛtakṛtyo 'parokṣa-jñānī ceti puruṣottamatva-jñānam abhyarcyate ||20||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye pañcadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||15||

Bhagavadgita 16

BhG 16.1

pūrvādhyāyās tu etad-buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛta-kṛtyaś ca bhāratety uktam | tatra ka etat tattvaṃ budhyate | ko vā na budhyate | ity apekṣāyāṃ tattva-jñāne 'dhikāriṇo 'nadhikāriṇaś ca vivekārthaṃ ṣoḍaśādhyāyasyārambhaḥ | nirūpite hi kāryārthe 'dhikāri-jijñāsā bhavati | tad uktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ --

bhāro yo yena voḍhavyaḥ sa prāg āndolitā yadā | tadā kaṇḍasya voḍheti śakyaṃ kartuṃ nirūpaṇam || iti |

tatrādhikāri-viśeṣaṇa-bhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadam āha abharam iti tribhiḥ | abhayaṃ bhayābhāvaḥ | sattvasya cittasya saṃśuddhiḥ suprasannatā | jñāna-yoga ātma-jñānopāye vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyasya annāder yathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | yajño yathādhikāraṃ darśa-paurṇamāsādiḥ | svādhyāyo brahma-yajñādiḥ | japa-yajño vā | tapa uttarādhyāye vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavam avakratā ||1||

kiṃ cāhiṃseti | ahiṃsā para-pīḍāvarjanam | satyaṃ yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-bhāṣaṇam | akrodhas tāḍitasyāpi citte kṣobhānutpattiḥ | tyāga audāryam | śāntiś cittoparatiḥ | paiśunaṃ parokṣe para-doṣa-prakāśanam | tad-varjanam apaiśunam | bhūteṣu dīneṣu dayā | alolupatam alolupatvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | avarṇa-lopa ārṣaḥ | mārdavaṃ mṛdutvam akrūratā | hrīr akārya-pravṛttau loka-lajjā | acāpalaṃ vyartha-kriyā-rāhityam ||2||

kiṃ ca teja iti | tejaḥ prāgalbhyam | kṣamā paribhavādiṣu utpadyamāneṣu krodha-pratibandhaḥ | dhṛtir duḥkhādibhir avasīdataś cittasya sthirīkaraṇam | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantara-śuddhiḥ | adroho jighāṃsā-rāhityam | ātimānitā ātmany atipūjyatvābhimānaḥ | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā | etāny abhayādīni ṣaḍ-viṃśati-prakārāṇi daivīṃ sampadam abhijātasya bhavanti | deva-yogyāṃ sāttvikīṃ sampadam abhilakṣya tad-ābhimukhyena jātasya | bhāvi-kalyāṇasya puṃso bhavantīty arthaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : anantārādhyāye adhaś ca mūlāny anusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣya-loke [Gītā 15.2] ity atra manuṣya-dehe prāg-bhavīya-karmānusāreṇa vyajyamānā vāsanāḥ saṃsārasyāvāntara-mūlatvenoktās tāś ca daivyāsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo navame 'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tatra veda-bodhita-karmātma-jñānopāyaānuṣṭhāna-pravṛtti-hetuḥ sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā daivī prakṛtir ity ucyate | evaṃ vaidika-niṣedhātikrameṇa svabhāva-siddha-rāga-dveṣānusāri-sarvānartha-hetu-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanāsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛtir ucyate | tatra ca viṣaya-bhoga-prādhānyena rāga-prābalyād āsurītvaṃ hiṃsā-prādhānyena dveṣa-prābalyād rākṣasītvam iti vivekaḥ | samprati tu śāstrānusāreṇa tad-vihita-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā daivī sampat | śāstrātikrameṇa tan-niṣiddha-viṣaya-pravṛtti-hetu-bhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanā rākṣasy āsuryor ekīkaraṇenāsurī sampad iti dvairāśyenaśubhāśubha-vāsanābhedaṃ dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ śubhānām ādānāyāśubhānāṃ hānāya ca pratipādayituṃ ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatrādau śloka-trayenṇādeyāṃ daivīṃ sampadam |

śāstropadiṣṭe 'rthe sandehaṃ vinānuṣṭāna-niṣṭhatvam ekākī sarva-parigraha-śūnyaḥ kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhaya-rāhityaṃ vābhayam | sattvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya śuddhir nirmalatā tasyāḥ samyaktā bhagavat-tattva-sphūrti-yogyatā sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ para-vañcana-māyānṛtādi-parivarjanaṃ vā | parasya vyājena vaśīkaraṇaṃ para-vañcanam | hṛdaye 'nyathā kṛtvā bahir anyathā vyavaharaṇaṃ māyā, anyathādṛṣṭa-kathanam anṛtam ity ādi | jñānaṃ śāstrād ātma-tattvasyāvagamaḥ | cittaikāgratayā tasya svānubhavārūḍhatvaṃ yogaḥ | tayor vyāvasthitiḥ sarvadā tan-niṣṭhatā jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitiḥ | yadā tv abhayaṃ sarva-bhūtābhaya-dāna-saṅkalpa-pālanam | etac cānyeṣām api paramahaṃsa-dharmāṇām upalakṣaṇam | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ śravaṇādi-paripākeṇāntaḥ-karaṇasyāsambhāvanā-viparīta-bhāvanādi-mala-rāhityam | jñānam ātma-sākṣātkāraḥ | yogo mano-nāśa-vāsanā-kṣayānukūlaḥ puruṣa-prayatnas tābhyāṃ viśiṣṭā saṃsāri-vilakṣaṇāvasthitir jīvan-muktir jñāna-yoga-vyavasthitir ity evaṃ vyākhyāyate tadā phala-mūrtaiva daivī sampad iyaṃ draṣṭavyā | bhagavad-bhaktiṃ vināntaḥ-karaṇa-saṃśuddher ayogāt tayā sāpi kathitā |

iti navame daivyāṃ sampadi bhagavad-bhakter uktatvāc ca | bhagavad-bhakter atiśreṣṭhatvād abhayādibhiḥ saha pāṭho na kṛta iti draṣṭavyam |

mahā-bhāgyānāṃ paramahaṃsānāṃ phala-bhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadam uktvā tato nyūnānāṃ gṛhasthādīnāṃ sādhana-bhūtām āha dānaṃ sva-svatvāspadānām annādīnāṃ yathā-śakti śāstroktaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyama ṛtu-kālādy-atirikta-kāle maithunādy-abhāvaḥ | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ nivṛtti-lakṣaṇa-dharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | yajñaś ca śrauto 'gnihotra-darśapaurṇamāsādiḥ | smārto deva-yajñaḥ pitṛ-yajño bhūta-yajño manuṣya-yajña iti caturvidhaḥ | brahma-yajñasya svādhyāya-padena pṛthag-ukteḥ | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇa-dharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | etat trayaṃ gṛhasthasya | svādhyāyo brahma-yajño 'dṛṣṭārtham ṛg-vedādyadhyayana-rūpaḥ | yajña-śabdena pañca-vidha-mahā-yajñokti-sambhave 'py asādhāraṇyena bramacāri-dharmatva-kathanārthaṃ pṛthag-uktiḥ | tapas tri-vidhaṃ śārīrādi saptadaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ vānaprasthasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | evaṃ caturṇām āśramāṇām asādhāraṇān dharmān uktvā caturṇāṃ varṇānām asādhāraṇa-dharmān āha ārjavam avakratvaṃ śraddadhāneṣu śrotṛṣu sva-jñātārthāsaṃgopanam ||1||

prāṇi-vṛtti-cchedo hiṃsā tad-ahetutvam ahiṃsā | satyam anarthānanubandhi yathābhūtārtha-vacanam | parair ākrośe tāḍane vā kṛte sati prāpto yaḥ krodhas tasya tat-kālam upaśamanam akrodhaḥ | dānasya prāg-uktes tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | damasya prāg-ukteḥ śāntir antaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | parasmai parokṣe para-doṣa-prakāśanaṃ paiśunam, tad-abhāvo 'paiśunam | dayā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣv anukampā | aloluptvam alolupatvam indriyāṇāṃ viṣaya-saṃnidhāne 'py avikriyatvam | mārdavaṃ akrūratvam vṛthāpūrvapakṣādi-kāriṣv api śiṣyādiṣv apriya-bhāṣaṇādi-vyatirekeṇa yodhayitṛtvam | hrīr akārya-pravṛtty-ārambhe tat-pratibandhikā loka-lajjā | acāpalam prayojanaṃ vināpi vāk-pāṇy-ādi-vyāpārayitṛtvaṃ cāpalaṃ tad-abhāvaḥ | ārjavādayo 'cāpalāntā brāhmaṇasyāsādharaṇā dharmāḥ ||2||

tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ strī-bālakādibhir mūḍhair anabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā saty api sāmarthye paribhava-hetuṃ prati krodhasyānutpattiḥ | dhṛtir dehendriyeṣv avasādaṃ prāpteṣv api tad-uttambhakaḥ prayana-viśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni śarīraṃ ca nāvasīdanti | etat trayaṃ kṣatriyasyāsādhāraṇam | śaucam ābhyantaram artha-prayogādau māyānṛtādi-rāhityaṃ na tu mṛjjalādi-janitam bāhyam atra grāhyaṃ tasya śarīra-śuddhi-rūpatayā bāhyatvenāntaḥkaraṇa-vāsanātvābhāvāt | tad-vāsanānām eva sāttvikādi-bheda-bhinnānāṃ daivy-āsuryādi-sampad-rūpatvenātra pratipipādāyiṣitatvāt | svādhyāyādivat kenacid rūpeṇa vāsanā-rūpatve tad apy ādeyam eva | drohaḥ para-jighāṃsayā śastra-grahaṇādi tad-abhāvo 'drohaḥ | etad dvayaṃ vaiśyasyāsādhāraṇam | asty arthaṃ mānitātmani pūjyatvātiśaya-bhāvanātimiānitā | tad-abhāvo nātimānitā pūjyeṣu namratā | ayaṃ śūdrasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] ity ādi śrutyā vividiṣaupayikatayā viniyuktā asādhāraṇāḥ sādhāraṇāś ca varṇāśrama-dharmā ihopalakṣyante | ete dharmā bhavanti niṣpadyante daivīṃ śuddha-sattva-mayīṃ sampadaṃ vāsanā-santatiṃ śarīrārambha-kāle puṇya-karmabhir abhivyaktām abhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya taṃ vidyā-karmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrva-prajñā ca [BAU 4.4.2], puṇyaḥ puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ | he bhārateti sambhodayn śuddha-vaṃśodbhavatvena pūtatvāt tvam etādṛśa-dharma-yogyo 'sīti sūcayati ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ :

anantarādhyāye ūrdhva-mūlam adhaḥ-śākham ity ādinā varṇitasya saṃsārāśvattha-vṛkṣasya phalāni na varṇitānīty anusmṛtyāsminn adhyāye tasya dvividhāni mokacāni bandhakāni ca phalāni varṇayiṣyan prathamṃ mokaāny āha abhayam iti tribhiḥ | tyakta-putra-kalatrādika ekākī nirjane vane kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhaya-rāhityam abhayam | sattva-saṃśuddhiś citta-prasādaḥ | jñāna-yoge jñānopāye 'mānitvādau vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyānnāder yathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriya-saṃyamaḥ | yajño deva-pūjā | svādhyāyo veda-pāṭhḥ | ādīni spaṣṭāni | tyāgaḥ putra-kalatrādiṣu yamatā-tyāgaḥ | aloluptvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | etāni ṣaḍ-viṃśatir abhayādīni daivīṃ sāttvikīṃ samapdam abhilakṣya jātasya sāttvikyāḥ sampadaḥ prāpt-vyañjake kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃso bhavanti ||1-3||

baladevaḥ :

pūrvatra aśvattha-mūlāny anusantatāni ity ādinā prācīna-karma-nimittāḥ śubhāśubha-vāsanāḥ saṃsāra-taror avāntara-mūlatvenoktāḥ | etā eva navame daivy āsurī rākṣasī cetei prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo nigaditāḥ | tatra vaidikārthānuṣṭhān ahetuḥ sāttvikī śubha-vāsanā mokṣopāyoginī daivī prakṛtiḥ | saiveha daivī sampat taror upādeyaṃ phalam | svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣānusāriṇī sarvānartha-hetū rājasī tāmasī cāśubha-vāsanā āsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛti-niraya-nipātopayoginī sā | sā cāsura-sampattayor heyaṃ phalam ity etad bodhayituṃ ṣoḍaśasyārambhaḥ |

atra daivīṃ sampadaṃ bhagavān uvāca abhayam ity ādinā trikeṇa | caturṇām āśramāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ ca dharmāḥ kramād iha kathyante | sannyāsināṃ tāvad āha abhayaṃ nirudyamaḥ katham ekākī jiviṣyāmīti bhaya-śūnyatvam | sattva-saṃśuddhiḥ svāśrama-dharmānuṣṭhānena mano-nairmalyam | jñāna-yoge śravaṇādau jñānopāye | vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭheti trayam ||

atha brahmacāriṇām āha svādhyāyo brahma-yajñaḥ śaktimato bhagavataḥ prati-pādako 'yam apauruṣeyo 'kṣara-rāśir ity anusandhāya vedābhyāsa-niṣṭhatety ekam |

atha vānaprasthānām āha tapa iti | tac ca śarīrādi-tribhedam ity aṣṭādaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ bodhyam ity ekam |

atha varṇeṣu viprāṇām āha ārjavaṃ sāralyam | tac ca śraddhālu-śrotṛṣu sva-jñātārthāgopanaṃ jñeyam | ahiṃsā prāṇi-jīvikānucchedakatā | satyam anrthān anubhandi-yathādṛṣṭārtha-viṣayaṃ vākyam | akrodho durjana-kṛte sva-tiraskāre 'bhyuditasya kopasya nirodhaḥ | tyāgo durukter api tatrāprakāśaḥ | śāntir manasaḥ saṃyamaḥ | apaiśunaṃ parokṣe parānartha-kāri-vākyāprakāśanam | bhūteṣu dayā tad-duḥkhāsahiṣṇutā | aloluptvaṃ nirlobhatā | pa-lopaś chāndasaḥ | mārdavaṃ komalatvam sat-pātra-saṅga-vicchedāsahanam | hrīr vikarmaṇi lajjā | acāpalaṃ vyartha-kriyā-viraha iti dvādaśa |

atha kṣatriyāṇām āha tejas tuccha-janānabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā saty api sāmarthey svāsamānaṃ paribhāvakaṃ prati kopānudayaḥ | dhṛtiḥ śarīrendriyeṣv api tad-uttambhakaḥ prayatno yena teṣāṃ nāvasādaḥ syād iti trayam |

atha vaiśyānām āha śaucaṃ vyāpāre vāṇijye māyānṭrādi-rāhityam | adrohaḥ para-jighāṃsayā khaḍgādya-grahaṇam iti dvayam |

atha śūdrānām āha nātimānitā ātmani pūjyatva-bhāvanā-śūnyatā viprādiṣu triṣu namratety ekam iti ṣaḍ-viṃśatiḥ |

ete tatra tatra pradhāna-bhūtā bodhyā anuktānām apy upalakṣaṇārthāḥ | dehārambha-kālonmukhaiḥ sukṛtair vyaktāṃ daivīṃ śubha-vāsanām abhilakṣīkṛtya jātasya puruṣasya bhavanti udayante --puṇyaḥ puṇye karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena iti śruteḥ | devāh khalu pareśānu-vṛtti-śīlās teṣām iyaṃ sampad anayā tat-prāpaka-jñāna-bhakti-sambhavāt saṃsāra-taror upādeyaṃ phalam etat ||1-3||

BhG 16.4

śrīdharaḥ : āsurīṃ sampadam āha dambha iti | dambho dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo dhana-vidyādi-nimittaś cittasyotsekaḥ | abhimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ | krodhaś ca | pāruṣyam eva ca paruṣa-vacanam | yathā kāṇaṃ cakṣuṣmān virūpaṃ rūpavān hīnābhijanam uttamābhijana ity ādi | ajñānaṃ ca aviveka-jñānaṃ mithyā-pratyayaḥ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣayaḥ | abhijātasya pārtha kim abhijātasyeti | āha āsurānāṃ sampad āsurī | tām abhijātasyety arthaḥ ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : ādeyatvena daivīṃ sampadam uktvedānīṃ heyatvenāsurīṃ saṃpadam ekena ślokena saṃkṣipyāha dambha iti | dambho dāarmikatayātmanaḥ khyāpanaṃ tad eva dharma-dhvajitvam | darpo dhana-svajanādi-nimitto mahad-avadhīraṇā-hetur garva-viśeṣaḥ | atimāna ātmany atyanta-pūjyatvātiśayādhyāropaḥ | devāś ca vā asurāś cobhaye prājāpatyāḥ paspṛdhire tato 'surā atimānenaiva kasmin nu vayaṃ juhuyāmeti sveṣv evāsyeṣu juhvataś cerus te 'timānenaiva parāvabhūvus tasmān nātimanyeta parābhavasya hy etan-mukhaṃ yad atimānaḥ iti śatapatha-śruty-uktaḥ | krodhaś ca sva-parāpakāra-vṛtti-hetur abhijvalanātmako 'ntaḥkaraṇa-vṛtti-viśeṣaḥ | pāruṣyam pratyakṣa-rūkṣa-vadana-śīlatvam | ca-kāro 'nuktānāṃ bhāva-bhūtānāṃ cāpalādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | ajñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādi-viṣaya-vivekābhāvaḥ | ca-śabdo 'nuktānām abhāva-bhūtānām adhṛty-ādi-doṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | āsurīm asura-ramaṇa-hetu-bhūtāṃ rajas-tamo-mayīṃ sampadam aśubha-vāsanā-santatiṃ śarīrārambha-kāle pāpa-karmabhir abhivyaktām abhilakṣya jātasya kupuruṣasya dambhādyā ajñānāntā doṣā eva bhavanti na tv abhayādyā guṇā ity arthaḥ | he pārtheti sambodhayan viśuddha-mātṛkatvena tad-ayogyatvaṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : bandhakāni phalāny āha dambhaḥ svasyādharmikatve 'pi dhārmikatva-prakhyāpanam | darpo dhana-vidyādi-hetuko garvo 'bhimāno 'nya-kṛta-sammānanākāṅkṣitatvaṃ kalatra-putrādiṣv āsaktir vā | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | pāruṣyaṃ niṣṭhuratā | ajñānam avivekaḥ | āsurīm ity upalakṣaṇaṃ rākṣasīm api sampadam abhijātasya rājasyāstāmasasyaś ca sampadaḥ prāpti-sūcaka-kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃsa etāni dambhādīni bhavantīty arthaḥ ||4||

baladevaḥ : atha naraka-hetum āsurīṃ sampadam āha dambha ity ekena | dambho dhārmikatva-khyātaye dharmānuṣṭhānam | darpo vidyābhijana-janyo garvaḥ | svasminn abhyarcatva-buddhiḥ | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | pāruṣyam pratyakṣaṃ rukṣa-bhāṣitam | ca-kāraś cāpalādeḥ samuccāyakaḥ | ajñānaṃ kāryākārya-viveka-dhī-śūnyatvam | cakāro 'dhṛtyādeḥ samuccāyakaḥ | ete dehārambha-kālonmukhair duṣkṛtair vyaktām āsurīm aśubha-vāsanām abhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya bhavanti | pāpaḥ pāpena iti śrutiḥ ||4||

BhG 16.5

śrīdharaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ kāryaṃ darśayann āha daivīti | daivī vā sampat tayā yukto mayopadiṣṭe tattva-jñāne 'dhikārī | āsuryā sampadā yuktas tu nityaṃ saṃsārīty arthaḥ | etac chrutvā kim aham atrādhikārī na veti sandeh-vvyākula-cittam arjunam āśvāsayati he pāṇḍava mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | yatas tvaṃ daivīṃ sampad abhijāto 'si ||5||

madhusūdanaḥ : anayoḥ sampadoḥ phala-vibhāgo 'bhidhīyate daivīti | yasya varṇasya yasyāśramasya ca yā vihitā sāttvikī phalābhisandhi-rahitā kriyā sā tasya daivī sampat sā sattva-śuddhi-bhagavad-bhakti-jñāna-yoga-sthiti-paryantā satī saṃsāra-bandhanād vimokṣāya kaivalyāya bhavati | ataḥ saivopādeyā śreyo 'rthibhiḥ | yā tu yasya śāstra-niṣiddhā phalābhisandhi-pūrvā sāhaṅkārā ca rājasī tāmasī kriyā tasya sā sarvāpy āsurī sampat | ato rākṣasī api tad-antar-bhūtaiva | sā nibandhāya niyatāya saṃsāra-bandhāya matā saṃmatā śāstrāṇāṃ tad-anusāriṇāṃ ca | ataḥ sā heyaiva śreyo 'rthibhir ity arthaḥ | tatraivaṃ saty ahaṃ kayā sampadā yukta iti sandihānam arjunam āśvāsayati bhagavān | mā śucaḥ | aham āsuryāṃ sampadā yukta iti śaṅkayā śokam anutāpaṃ mā kārṣīḥ | daivīṃ sampadam abhilakṣya jāto 'si prāg-arjita-kalyāṇo bhāvi-kalyāṇaś ca tvam asi he pāṇḍava pāṇḍu-putreṣv anyeṣv api daivī sampat prasiddhā kiṃ punas tvayīti bhāvaḥ ||5||

viśvanāthaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ kāryaṃ darśayati daivīti | hanta hanta śar-prahārair bandhūn jighaṃsoḥ pāruṣya-krodhādi-mato mamaiveyam āsurī-sampat saṃsāra-bandha-prāpikā dṛśyata iti khidyantam arjunam āśvāsayati mā śucaḥ iti | pāṇḍaveti tava kṣatriya-kulotpannasya saṅgrāme pāruṣya-krodhādyā dharma-śāstre vihitā eva | tad-anyatraiva te hiṃsādyā āsurī sampad iti bhāvaḥ ||5||

baladevaḥ : etayoḥ sampadoḥ phala-bhedam āha daivīty ardhakena sphuṭam | bāṇa-vṛṣṭyā pūjyā droṇādīn jighaṃsoḥ krodha- pāruṣyavato mameyam āsurī sampat narakaṃ janayed iti śocayantaṃ pārtham ālakṣāha mā śuca iti | he pāṇḍaveti kṣatriyasya te yuddhe bāṇa-nikṣepa-pāruṣyādikaṃ vihitatvāt diavy eva sampat tato 'nyatra tv āsurīti mā śucaḥ śokaṃ mā kuru || 5||

BhG 16.6

śrīdharaḥ : āsurī sampat sarvātmanā varjayitavyety etad artham āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayitum āha dvāv iti | dvau dvi-prakārau bhūtānāṃ sargau me sad-vacanāt śṛṇu | āsura rākṣasa-prakṛtyor ekī-karaṇena dvāv ity uktam | ato rākṣasīm āsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritā ity ādinā navādhyāyokta-prakṛti-traividhyenāvirodhaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu bhavatu rākṣasī prakṛtir āsuryām antar-bhūtā śāstra-niṣiddha-kriyonmukhatvena sāmānyāt kāmopabhoga-prādhānya-prāṇi-hiṃsā-prādhānyābhyāṃ kvacid bhedena vyapadeśopapatteḥ, mānuṣī tu prakṛtis tṛtīyā pṛthag asti trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryam ūṣur devā manuṣyā asurāḥ [BAU 5.2.1] iti śruteḥ | ataḥ sāpi heya-koṭāv upādeya-koṭau vā vaktavyety atrāha dvāv iti |

asmin loke sarvasminn api saṃsāra-mārge dvau dvi-prakārāv eva bhūta-sargau manuṣya-sargau bhavataḥ | kau tau daiva āsuraś ca, na tu rākṣaso mānuṣo vādhikaḥ sargo 'stīty arthaḥ | yo yadā manuṣyaḥ śāstra-saṃskāra-prābalyena svabhāva-siddhau rāga-dveṣāv abhibhūya dharma-parāyaṇo bhavati sa tadā devaḥ | yadā tu svabhāva-siddha-rāga-dveṣa-prābalyena śāstra-saṃskāram abhibhūyādharma-parāyaṇo bhavati sa tadāsura iti dvaividhyopapatteḥ | na hi dharmādharmābhyāṃ tṛtīyā koṭir asti | tathā ca śrūyate -- dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāś cāsurāś ca | tataḥ kānīyasā eva devā jyāyasā asurās ta eṣu lokeṣv aspardhanta | te ha devā ūcur hantāsurān yajña udgīthenātyayām eti [BAU 1.3.1] iti | dama-dāna-dayā-vidhi-pare tu vākye trayāḥ prājāpatyā ity ādau dama-dāna-dayā-rahitā manuṣyā asurā eva santaḥ kenacit sādharmyeṇa devā manuṣyā asurā ity upacaryanta iti nādhikyāvakāśaḥ | ekenaiva da ity akṣareṇa prajāpatinā dama-rahitān manuṣyān prati damopadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ | dāna-rahitān prati dānopadeśaḥ, dayā-rahitān prati dayopadeśaḥ, na tu vijātīyā eva devāsura-manuṣyā iha vivakṣitā mauṣyādhikāratvāc chāstrasya | tathā cānta upasaṃharati -- tad etad evaiṣā daivī vāg anuvadati stanayitnur da da da iti dāmyata datta dayadhvamiti | tad etat trayaṃ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayām [BAU 5.2.3] iti | tasmād rākṣasī mānuṣī ca prakṛtir āsuryām evāntarbhavatīti yuktam uktaṃ dvau bhūta-sargāv iti |

tatra daivo bhūta-sargo mayā tvāṃ prati visataraśo vistara-prakāraiḥ proktaḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇe dvitīye bhakta-lakṣaṇe dvādaśe jñāna-lakṣaṇe trayodaśe guṇātīta-lakṣaṇe caturdaśa iha cābhayam ity ādinā | idānīm āsuraṃ bhūta-sargaṃ me mad-vacanair vistaraśaḥ pratipādyamānaṃ tvaṃ śṛṇu hānārtham avadhāraya samyaktayā jñātasya hi parivarjanaṃ śakyate kartum iti | he pārtheti sambandha-sūcanenānupekṣaṇīyatāṃ darśayati ||6||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad api viṣaṇṇam arjunaṃ praty āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayitum āha dvāv iti | vistaraśaḥ prokta ity abhayaḥ sattva-saṃśuddhir ity ādi ||6||

baladevaḥ : tathāpy anivṛtta-śokaṃ tam ālakṣya āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prapañcayati dvāv iti | asmin karmādhikāriṇi manuṣya-loke dvivdhau bhūta-sargau manuṣya-sṛṣṭī bhavataḥ | yadāyaṃ manuṣya-loke śāstrāt svābhāvikau rāga-dveṣau vinirdhūya śāstrīyārthānuṣṭhāyī tadā daivaḥ | yadā śāstram utsṛjya svābhāvika-rāga-dveṣādhīno 'śāstrīyān dharmān ācarati, tadā tv āsuraḥ | na hi dharmādharmābhyām anyā koṭi-sṛtīyāsti | śrutiś caivam āha - dvayā ha prājapatyā devāś cāsurāś ca ity [BAU 1.3.1] ādinā | tatra daivo vistaraśaḥ proktaḥ abhayam ity ādinā | athāsuraṃ śṛṇu vistaraśo vakṣyāmi ||6||

BhG 16.7

śrīdharaḥ : āsurīṃ vistaraśo nirūpayati pravṛttiṃ cety ādi-dvādaśabhiḥ | dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttiṃ cāsura-svabhāvā janā na jānanti | ataḥ śaucam ācāraḥ satyaṃ ca teṣu nāsty eva ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : varjanīyām āsurīṃ sampadaṃ prāṇi-viśeṣaṇatayā tān aham ity ataḥ prāktanair dvādaśabhiḥ ślokair vivṛṇoti pravṛttim iti | pravṛttiṃ pravṛtti-viṣayaṃ dharmaṃ ca-kārāt tat-pratipādakaṃ niṣedha-vākyaṃ cāsura-svabhāvā janā na jānanti | atas teṣu na śaucaṃ dvividhaṃ nāpy ācāro manv-ādibhir uktaḥ | na satyaṃ ca priya-hita-yathārtha-bhāṣaṇaṃ vidyate | śauca-satyayor ācārāntarbhāve 'pi brāhmaṇa-parivrājaka-nyāyena pṛthag-upādānam | aśaucā anācārā anṛta-vādino hy āsurā māyāvinaḥ prasiddhāḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : āsuraṃ sargam āha pravṛttiṃ ceti dvādaśabhiḥ | āsurā janā dharme pravṛttim adharmān nivṛttim ca na jānanti | ca-kārābhyāṃ tayoḥ pratipādake vidhi-niṣedha-vākye ca na jānanti | vedeṣv āsthābhāvād ity uktam | teṣu śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantaraṃ tat-pravṛtty-upayogi na vidyate | nāpy ācāro manvādibhir uktaḥ | na ca satyaṃ prāṇihitānubandhi yathā-dṛṣṭārtha-viṣaya-vākyam iti gṛdhra-gomāyuvat teṣām upadeśādi ||7||

BhG 16.8

śrīdharaḥ : nanu vedoktayor dharmādharmayoḥ pravṛttiṃ nivṛttiṃ ca kathaṃ na viduḥ | kuto vā dharmādharmayor anaṅgīkāre jagataḥ sukha-duḥkhādi-vyavasthā syāt | kathaṃ vā śaucācārādi-viṣayān īśvarājñān ativarteran | īśvarānaṅgīkāre ca kuto jagad-utpattiḥ syāt | ata āha asatyam iti | nāsti satyaṃ veda-purāṇādi-pramāṇaṃ yasmin tādṛśaṃ jagad āhuḥ | vedādīnāṃ prāmāṇyaṃ na manyanta ity arthaḥ | tad uktaṃ trayo vedasya kartāro bhaṇḍa-dhūrta-niśācarā ity ādi || ataeva nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhā vyavasthā-hetur yasya tat | svābhāvikaṃ jagad-vaicitryam āhur ity arthaḥ | ataeva nāsti īśvaraḥ kartā vyavasthāpakaś ca yasya tādṛśaṃ jagad āhuḥ | tarhi kuto 'sya jagata utpattiṃ vadantīti | ata āha aparaspara-sambhūtam iti | aparaś cety aparasparam | aparasparato 'nonyataḥ strī-puruṣayor mithunāt sambhūtaṃ jagat | kim anyat | kāraṇam asya nāsti anyat kiñcit | kintu kāma-haitukam eva | strī-puruṣayor ubhayoḥ kāma eva pravāha-rūpeṇa hetur asyety āhur ity arthaḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu dharmādharmayoḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-viṣayayoḥ pratipādakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇam asti nirdoṣaṃ bhagavad-ājñā-rūpaṃ sarva-loka-prasiddhaṃ tad-upajīvīni ca smṛti-purāṇetihāsādīni santi, tat kathaṃ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-tat-pramāṇādy ajñānam | jñāne vājñollaṅghināṃ śāsitari bhagavati sati kathaṃ tad-ananuṣṭhānena śaucācārādi-rahitatvaṃ duṣṭānāṃ śāsitur bhagavato 'pi loka-veda-prasiddhatvād ata āha asatyam iti | satyam abādhita-tātparya-viṣayaṃ tattvāvedakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇaṃ tad-upajīvi purāṇādi ca nāsti yatra tad asatyaṃ veda-svarūpasya pratyakṣa-siddhatve 'pi tat-prāmāṇyānabhyupagamād viśiṣṭābhāvaḥ | ata eva nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhitā vyavasthā-hetur yasya tad apratiṣṭham | tathā nāsti śubhāśubhayoḥ karmaṇoḥ phala-dāneśvaro niyantā yasya tad anīśvaraṃ ta āsurā jagad āhuḥ | balavat pāpa-pratibandhād vedasya prāmāṇyaṃ te na manyante | tataś ca tad bodhitayor dharmādharmayor īśvarasya cānaṅgīkārād yatheṣṭācaraṇena te puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭā ity arthaḥ |

śāstraika-samadhigamya-dharmādharma-sahāyena prakṛty-adhiṣṭhātrā parameśvareṇa rahitaṃ jagad iṣyate cet kāraṇābhāvāt kathaṃ tad utpattir ity āśaṅkyāha aparaspara-saṃbhūtaṃ kāma-prayuktayoḥ strī-puruṣayor anyonya-saṃyogāt saṃbhūtam jagat kāma-haitukaṃ kāma-hetukam eva kāma-haitukaṃ kāmātiriktaa-kāraṇa-śūnyam |

nanu dharmādy apy asti kāraṇam ? nety āha kim anyat, anyad adṛṣṭaṃ kāraṇaṃ kim asti ? nāsty evety arthaḥ | adṛṣṭāṅgīkāre 'pi kvacid gatvā svabhāve paryavasānāt svābhāvikam eva jagad-vaicitryam astu dṛṣṭe sambhavaty adṛṣṭa-kalpanānavakāśāt | ataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇaṃ nānyad adṛṣṭeśvarādīty āhur iti lokāyatika-dṛṣṭir iyam ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : asurāṇāṃ matam āha asatyaṃ mithyā-bhūtaṃ bhramopalabdham eva jagat te vadnait | apratiṣṭhaṃ pratiṣṭhāśrayas tad-rahitam | na hi kha-puṣpasya kiñcid adhiṣṭhānam astīti bhāvaḥ | anīśvaraṃ mithyābhūtatvād eva īśvara-kartṛkam etan na bhavati | svedajādīnām akasmād eva jātatvāt aparaspara-sambhūtam | anyat kiṃ vaktavyam | kāma-haitukam kāmo vādinām icchaiva hetur yasya tat | mithyābhūtatvād eva ye yathā kalpayituṃ śaknuvanti tathiavaitad iti |

kecit punar evaṃ vyācakṣate asatyaṃ nāsti satyaṃ veda-purāṇādikaṃ pramāṇaṃ yatra tat | tad uktaṃ trayo vedasya kartāro bhaṇḍa-dhūrta-niśācarā ity ādi | apratiṣṭhaṃ nāsti dharmādharma-rūpā pratiṣṭhā vyavasthā yatra tat | dharmādharmāv api bhramopalabdhāv iti bhāvaḥ | anīśvaram īśvaro 'pi bhrameṇopalabhyata iti bhāvaḥ |

nanu strī-puṃsayoḥ paraspara-prayatna-viśeṣād jagad etad utpannaṃ dṛśyata ity api bhrama eva kulālasya ghaṭotpādane jñānam iva mātāpitros tādṛśa-bālotpādane kila nāsti jñānm iti bhāvaḥ | kim anyat kim anyat vaktavyam iti bhāvaḥ | tasmād idaṃ jagat kāma-hetukaṃ kāmena svecchayaiva hetukā hetu-kalpakā yatra tat | yukti-balena ye yat paramāṇu-māyeśvarādikaṃ jalpayituṃ śaknuvanti te tad eva tasya hetuṃ vadantīty arthaḥ ||8||

baladevaḥ : teṣāṃ siddhāntān darśayati tatraika-jīva-vādinām āha asatyam iti | idaṃ jagad asatyaṃ śukti-rajatādivad bhrānti-vijṛmbhitam | apratiṣṭhaṃ kha-puṣpavan nirāśrayam | nāsty eveśvaro janmādi-hetur yasya tat | so 'pi tadvad bhrānti-racita eva | pāramārthike tasmin sthite tan nirmita-jagat tadvad dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāyaṃ na syāt | tasmād asatyaṃ jagat ta eva manyante | ekaiva nirviśeṣo sarva-pramāṇāvedyā cid-bhramād eko jīvas tato 'nyaj jaḍa-jīveśvarātmakaṃ tad-ajñānāt pratibhāṣate | ā-svarūpa-sākṣāt-kārād avisaṃvādi svāpnikam iva hasty-aśva-rathādikam ā-jāgarāt | sati ca svarūpa-sākṣātkāre tad-ajñāna-kalpitaṃ taj-jīvatvena saha nivarteta svāpnika-rathāśādīva suṣuptāv iti |

atha svabhāva-vādināṃ bauddhānām āha aparaspara-sambhūtam iti strī-puruṣa-sambhoga-janyaṃ jagan na bhavati ghaṭotpādane kulālasyeva bālotpādane pitrāder jñānābhāvāt saty apy asakṛt sambhoge santānān utpatteś ca svedajādīnām akasmād utpatteś ca | tasmāt svabhāvād evedaṃ bhavatīti |

atha lokāyatikānām āha kāma-hetukam iti | kim anyad vācym | strī-puruṣayoḥ kāma eva pravāhātmanā hetur asyeti svārthe ṭhañ | athavā jainānām āha kāmaḥ svecchayaiva hetur asyeti | yukti-balena yo yat kalpayituṃ śaknuyāt sa tad eva tasya hetuṃ vadatīty arthaḥ ||8||

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca etām iti | etāṃ lokāyatikānāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ darśanam āśritya naṣṭātmano malīmasa-cittāḥ santo 'lpa-buddhayo duṣṭārtha-mātra-matayaḥ | ateva ugraṃ hiṃsraṃ karma yeṣāṃ te ahitā vairiṇo bhūtvā jagataḥ kṣayāya prabhavanti udbhavantīty arthaḥ ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : iyaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ śāstrīya-dṛṣṭivad iṣṭaivety āśaṅkyāha etām iti | etāṃ prāg-uktāṃ lokāyatika-dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhyālambya naṣṭatmāno bhraṣṭa-para-loka-sādhanā alpa-buddhayo dṛṣṭa-mātroddeśa-pravṛtta-mataya ugra-karmāṇo hiṃsā ahitāḥ śatravo jagataḥ prāṇi-jātasya kṣayāya vyāghra-sarpādi-rūpeṇa prabhavanti utpadyante | tasmād iyaṃ dṛṣṭir atyantādho-gati-hetutayā sarvātmanā śreyo 'rthibhir avaheyaivety arthaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ vādino 'surāḥ kecin naṣṭātmānaḥ kecid alpajñānāḥ kecid ugra-karmāṇaḥ svacchandācārā mahā-nārakino bhavantīty āha | etām ity ekādaśabhiḥ | avaṣṭabhya ālambya ||9||

baladevaḥ : sva-sva-mata-nirṇāyakāni darśanāni ca taiḥ kṛtāni yāny āsthāya jagad-vinaśyatīty āha etām iti jātyaika-vacanam | etāni darśanāny avaṣṭabhyālambyālpa-buddhayo naṣṭātmāno 'dṛṣṭa-dehādi-viviktātma-tattvā ugra-karmāṇo hiṃsā-paiśunya-pāruṣyādi-karma-niṣṭhā jagato 'hitāḥ śatravaś ca santasya kṣayāya prabhavanti parmārthāj jagad-bhraṃśayantīty arthaḥ ||9||

BhG 16.10

śrīdharaḥ : api ca kāmam āśrityeti | duṣpūraṃ purayitum aśakyaṃ kāmam āśritya dambhādibhir yuktāḥ santaḥ kṣudra-devatārādhanādau pravartante | katham | asad-grāhān gṛhītvā anena mantreṇaitāṃ devatām ārādhya mahā-nidhīn sādhayiṣyāma ity ādīn durāgrahān moha-mātreṇa svīkṛtya pravartante | aśuci-vratāḥ aśucīni madya-māṃsādi-viṣayīṇi vratāni yeṣāṃ te ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : te ca yadā kenacit karmaṇā manuṣya-yonim āpadyante, tadā kāmaṃ tat tad dṛṣṭa-viṣayābhilāṣaṃ duṣpūraṃ pūrayitum aśakyaṃ dambhenādhārmikatve 'pi dhārmikatva-khyāpanena mānenāpūjyatve 'pi pūjyatva-khyāpanena madenotkarṣa-rahitatve 'py utkarṣa-viśeṣādhyāropeṇa mahad-avadhīraṇā-hetunānvitā asad-grāhān aśubha-niścayān anena mantreṇemāṃ devatām ārādhya kāminīnām ākarṣaṇaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ, anena mantreṇemāṃ devatām ārādhya mahānidhīn sādhayiṣyāma ity ādi-durāgraha-rūpān mohād avivekād gṛhītvā na tu śāstrāt, aśuci-vratāḥ pravartante yatra kutrāpy avaidike dṛṣṭa-phale kṣudra-devatārādhanādāv iti śeṣaḥ | etādṛśāḥ patanti narake 'śucāv ity agrimeṇānvayaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : asad-grāhān pravartante kumate eva pravṛttā bhavanti | aśucīni śaucācāra-varjitāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te ||10||

baladevaḥ : atha teṣāṃ durvṛttatāṃ durācāratāṃ cāha kāmam iti | duṣpūraṃ kāmaṃ viṣaya-tṛṣṇām āśritya mohān na tu śāstrād asad-grāhān gṛhītvāśuci-vratāḥ santaḥ pravartante | asad-grāhān duṣṭa-nakravad ātma-vināśakān kalpita-devatā-tan-mantra-tad-ārādhana-nimittaka-kāminī-pārthiva-nidhy-ākarṣaṇa-rūpān durāgrahān ity arthaḥ | aśucīni śmaśāna-niṣevaṇa-madya-māṃsa-viṣayāṇi vratāni yeṣāṃ te | dambhenādhariṣṭhatve 'pi dharmiṣṭhatva-khyāpanena mānenāpūjyatve 'pi pūjyatvaṃ khyāpanena madenaānutkṛṣṭatve 'py utkṛṣṭatvāropaṇena cānvitāḥ ||10||

BhG 16.11

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca cintām iti | pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyāstām aparimeyāṃ parimātum aśakyāṃ cintām āśritāḥ | nityaṃ cintāparā ity arthaḥ | kāmopabhoga eva paramo yeṣāṃ te | etāvad iti kāmopabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho nānyad astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ | artha-sañcayān īhantu ity uttareṇānvayaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ - kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārtha iti | caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāmaḥ puruṣa iti ca ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : tān eva punar viśinaṣṭi cintām iti | cintām ātmīya-yoga-kṣemopāyālocanātmikām aparimeyām aparimeya-viṣayatv}at parm}atum aśakyāṃ pralayo maraṇam evānto yasyās tāṃ pralayāntāṃ yāvaj-jīvam anuvartamānām iti yāvat | na kevalam aśuci-vratāḥ pravartante kiṃ tv etādṛśīṃ cintāṃ copāśritā iti samuccayārthaś ca-kāraḥ |

sadānanta-cintā-parā api na kadācit pāralaukika-cintāyutāḥ kiṃ tu kāmopabhoga-paramāḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā dṛṣṭāḥ śabdādayo viṣayās tad-upabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho na dharmādir yeṣāṃ te tathā | pāralaukikam uttamaṃ sukhaṃ kuto na kāmayante tatrāha etāvad dṛṣṭam eva sukhaṃ nānyad etac charīra-viyoge bhogyaṃ sukham asti etat kāyātiriktasya bhoktur abhāvād iti niścitā evaṃ-niścayavantaḥ | tathā ca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ caitanya-viśiṣṭaḥ kāyaḥ puruṣaḥ, kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārthaḥ iti ca ||11||

viśvanāthaḥ : pralayāntāṃ pralayo maraṇaṃ tat-paryantām | etāvad iti indriyāṇi viṣaya-sukhe majjantu nāma kā cintā ity etāvad eva śāstrārtha-tātparyam iti niścitaṃ yeṣāṃ te ||11-15||

baladevaḥ : aparimeyām aparā pralayāntāṃ ca maraṇa-kālāvadhi-sādhya-vastu-viṣayāṃ cintām upāśritaḥ kāmopabhogaḥ samyag-viṣaya-sevaiva paramaḥ pumartho yeṣāṃ te | etāvad eva kāmopabhoga-mātram evaihikam | na tvato 'nyat pāralaukikaṃ sukham astīti kṛta-niścayāḥ ||11||

BhG 16.12

śrīdharaḥ : ataeva āśeti | āśā eva pāśāḥ | teṣāṃ śatair baddhā itas tata ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ | kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ kāma-krodhau param-ayanāśrayo yeṣāṃ te | kāma-bhogārtham anyāyena cauryādinārthānāṃ sañcayān rāśīn īhanta icchanti ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : ta īdṛśā asurāḥ aśakyopāyārtha-viṣayā anavagatopāyārtha-viṣayā vā prārthanā āśāstā eva pāśā iva bandhana-hetutvāt pāśās teṣāṃ śataiḥ samūhair baddhā iva śreyasaḥ pacyāvyetas tata ākṛṣya nīyamānāḥ kāma-krodhau param ayanam āśrayo yesāṃ te kāma-krodha-parāyaṇāḥ strī-vyatikarābhilāṣa-parāniṣṭābhilāṣābhyāṃ sadā parigṛhītā iti yāvat | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante kāma-bhogārthaṃ na tu dharmārtham anyāyena parasva-haraṇādinārtha-saṃcayān dhana-rāśīn | saṃcayān iti bahu-vacanena dhana-prāptāv api tat-tṛṣṇānuvṛtter viṣaya-prāpti-vardhamāna-tṛṣṇatva-rūpo

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : āśeti spaṣṭam | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante anyāyena kūṭa-sākṣyeṇa cauryeṇa ca ||12||

śrīdharaḥ : teṣāṃ manorathaṃ kathayan naraka-prāptim āha idam adya mayeti caturbhiḥ | prāpsye prāpsyāmi | manorathaṃ manasaḥ priyam | spaṣṭam anyat | eteṣāṃ ca trayāṇāṃ ślokānām ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ santo narake patantīti caturthenānvayaḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : teṣām īdṛśīṃ dhana-tṛṣṇānuvṛttiṃ manorājya-kathanena vivṛṇoti idam iti | idaṃ dhanam adyedānīṃ anenopāyena mayā labdham | idaṃ tad anya-manorathaṃ manas-tuṣṭi-karaṃ śīghram eva prāpsye | idaṃ puraiva saṃcitaṃ mama gṛhe 'sti | idam api bahutaraṃ bhaviṣyaty āgāmini saṃvatsare punar dhanam | evaṃ dhana-tṛṣṇākulāḥ patanti narake 'śucāv ity agrimeṇānvayaḥ ||13||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : teṣāṃ dhanāśānuvṛttiṃ manorājyoktyā vivṛṇvan naraka-nipātam āha idam iti caturbhiḥ | idaṃ kṣetraṃ paśu-putrādi mayaivādya sva-dhī-balena labdham | imaṃ manorathaṃ manaḥ-priyam artham aham eva sva-balena prāpsyāmi, svabalenaiva labdham idaṃ dhanaṃ mama sampraty asti | idam iṣyamāṇaṃ dhanam āgāmi-varṣe mad-balenaiva me bhaviṣyati | na tv adṛṣṭa-balena īśvara-prasādena vety arthaḥ | evaṃ dhana-tṛṣṇāṃ prapañcya duṣṭaṃ bhāvaṃ prapañcayati asāv iti | yajña-dattākhyo 'sau śatrur mayātibalinā hataḥ | aparān api śatrūn aham eva haniṣyāmi | teṣāṃ dāra-dhanādi ca neṣyāmīti ca-śabdāt matto na ko 'pi jīved iti bhāvaḥ | nanv īśvarecchām adṛṣṭaṃ ca kecij jaya-hetum āhus tatrāhaaham eveśvaraḥ svatantro yad ahaṃ bhogī svato nikhila-bhoga-sampannaḥ siddho 'smīti | yadi kaścid īśvaraṃ kalpayati | tarhi sa mām eveśvaraṃ kalpayatu na tu matto 'nyam anupalabdher iti bhāvaḥ ||13||

BhG 16.14

śrīdharaḥ : asāv iti | siddhaḥ kṛta-kṛtyaḥ | spaṣṭam anyat ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ lobhaṃ prapañcya tad-abhiprāya-kathanenaiva teṣāṃ krodhaṃ prapañcayati asāv iti | asau devadatta-nāmā mayā hataḥ śatrur atidurjayaḥ | ata idānīm anāyāsena haniṣye ca haniṣyāmi aparān sarvān api śatrūn | na ko 'pi mat-sakāśāj jīviṣyatīty aper arthaḥ | ca-kārān na kevalaṃ haniṣyāmi tān kiṃ tu teṣāṃ dāra-dhanādikam api grahīṣyāmīty abhiprāyaḥ | kutas tavaitādṛśaṃ sāmarthyaṃ tvat-tulyānāṃ tvad-adhikānāṃ vā śatrūṇāṃ sambhavād ity ata āha - īśvaro 'haṃ na kevalaṃ mānuṣo yena mat-tulyo 'dhiko vā kaścit syāt | kim ete kariṣyanti varākāḥ sarvathā nāsti mat-tulyaḥ kaścid ity anenābhiprāyeṇśvaratvaṃ vivṛṇoti | yasmād ahaṃ bhogī sarvair bhogopakaraṇair upetaḥ siddho 'haṃ putra-bhṛtyādibhiḥ sahāyaiḥ saṃpannaḥ svato 'pi balavān atyojasvī sukhī sarvathā nīrogaḥ ||14||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : Nothing.

BhG 16.15

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca āḍhya iti | āḍhyo dhanādi-sampannaḥ | abhijanavān kulīnaḥ | yakṣye yāgādy-anuṣṭhānenāpi dīkṣitāntarebhyaḥ sakāśān mahatīṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ prāpsyāmi | dāsyāmis tāvakebhyaḥ | modiṣye harṣaṃ prāpsyāmi ity evam ajñānena vimohitā mithyābhiniveśaṃ prāpitāḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu dhanena kulena vā kaścit tat-tulyaḥ syād ity ata āha āḍhya iti | āḍhyo dhanī, abhijanavān kulīno 'py aham evāsmi | ataḥ ko 'nyo 'sti sadṛśo mayā na ko 'pīty arthaḥ | yogena dānena vā kaścit tat-tulyaḥ syād ity ata āha -- yakṣye yāgenāpy anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi dhanaṃ stāvakebhyo naṭādibhyaś ca | tataś ca modiṣye harṣaṃ lapsye nartakyādibhiḥ sahety evam ajñānenāvivekena vimohitā vividhaṃ mohaṃ bhrama-paramparāṃ prāpitāḥ ||15||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : nanu sampadā kulena cānye tvat-samā vīkṣyante tat katham īśvaras tvam iti ced āha āḍhyaḥ sampannaḥ svato 'ham asmy abhijanavān kulīnaś ca | na tu kenacin nimittenāto mat-sadṛśo 'nyaḥ ko 'sti | na ko 'pīty aham eveśvaraḥ | ato 'haṃ tv abalenaiva yakṣye divyāṅganānāṃ saṅgatiḥ kariṣye | dāsyāmi | tāsām adharādi khaṇḍayiṣāmy eva mohiṣa ity ajñāna-vimohitāḥ santo narake patantīty agrimeṇānvayaḥ | anekeṣu cira-prayāsa-sādhyeṣu vastuṣ yac cittaṃ tena vibhrāntā vikṣiptā moha-mayena jālena samāvṛtā matsyā iva tato nirgantu-kṣamāḥ | kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktā madhye

BhG 16.16

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūtā yat prāpnuvanti tac chṛṇu aneketi | anekeṣu manoratheṣu pravṛttaṃ cittam anke-cittam | tena vibhrāntā vikṣiptāḥ | tenaiva mohamayena jālena samāvṛtāḥ | matsyā iva sūtramayena jālena yantritāḥ | evaṃ kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktā abhiniviṣṭā santo 'śucau kalmaṣe narake patanti ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : ukta-prakārair anekaiś cittais tat-tad-duṣṭa-saṅkalpair vividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ, yato moha-jāla-samāvṛtāḥ moho hitāhita-vastu-vivekāsāmarthyaṃ tad eva jālam ivāvaraṇātmakatvena bandha-hetutvāt | tena samyag-āvṛtāḥ sarvato veṣṭitā matsyā iva sūtramayena jālena para-vaśī-kṛtā ity arthaḥ | ata eva svāniṣṭa-sādhanesv api kāma-bhogeṣu prasaktāḥ sarvathā tad-eka-parāḥ pratikṣaṇam upacīyamāna-kalmaṣāḥ patanti narake vaitaraṇyādāv aśucau viṇ-mūtra-śleṣmādi-pūrṇe ||16||

baladevaḥ : Nothing.

BhG 16.17

śrīdharaḥ : yaksya iti ca yas teṣāṃ manoratha uktaḥ sa kevalaṃ dambhāhaṅkārādi-pradhāna eva na tu sāttvika ity abhiprāyeṇāha ātmeti dvābhyām | ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ nītāḥ | na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścit | ataeva stabdhā anamrāḥ | dhanena yo manomadaś ca tābhyāṃ samanvitāḥ santas te | nāma-mātreṇa ye yajñās te nāma-yajñāḥ | yad vā dīkṣitaḥ soma-yājīty evam ādi nāma-mātra-prasiddhaye ye yajñās tair yajante | katham | dambhena | na tu śraddhayā | avidhi-pūrvakaṃ ca yathā bhavati tathā ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu teṣām api keṣāṃcid vaidike karmaṇi yāga-dānādau pravṛtti-darśanād ayuktaṃ narake patanam iti nety āha ātma-sambhāvitā iti | sarva-guṇa-viśiṣṭatā vayam ity ātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ prāpitā na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścit | stabdhā anamrāḥ | yato dhana-māna-madānvitā dhana-nimitto yo māna ātmani pūjyatvātiśayādhyāsas tan-nimittaś ca yo madaḥ parasmin gurvādāv apy apūjyatvābhimānas tābhyām anvitās te nāma-yajñaiḥ nāma-mātrair yajñair na tāttvikair dīkṣitāḥ soma-yājīty ādinām amātra-sampādakair vā yajñair avidhi-pūrvakaṃ vihitāṅgeti-kartavyatā-rahitair dambhena dharma-dhvajitayā na tu śraddhayā yajante | atas tat-phala-bhājo na bhavantīty

viśvanāthaḥ : ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ nītā na tu sādhubhiḥ kaiścid ity arthaḥ | ataeva stabdhā anamrāḥ | nāma-mātreṇaiva ye yajñās te nāma-yajñās taiḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ śraiṣṭhyaṃ nītāḥ | na tu śāstrajñaiḥ sadbhiḥ | stabdhāḥ anamrāḥ | dhanena sampadā mānena ca paramahaṃso mahā-śramaṇaḥ śrī-pūjya-pādo mahā-pūjāvid ity evaṃ lakṣaṇena ssat-kāreṇa yo mado garvas tenānvitāḥ | nāma-yajñair nāma-mātreṇa yajñaiḥ pūjā-vidhibhiḥ sva-kalpitā devatā yajante sva-svakānāṃ gṛhiṇām abhyudayāya dambhena dharma-dhvajitvena viśiṣṭā virakta-veśāḥ santa ity arthaḥ | avidhi-pūrvakam aveda-vihitaṃ yathā bhavati tathā ||17||

BhG 16.18

śrīdharaḥ : avidhi-pūrvakatvam eva prapañcayati ahaṅkāram iti | ahaṅkārādīn saṃśritāḥ santaḥ ātma-para-deheṣv ātma-deheṣu para-deheṣu ca cid-aṃśena sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣanto yajante | dambha-yajñeṣu śraddhāyā abhāvād ātmano vṛthaiva pīḍā bhavati | tathā paśv-ādīnām apy avidhinā hiṃsāyāṃ caitanya-droha evāvaśiṣyata iti pradviṣanta ity uktam | abhyasūyakāḥ san-mārga-vartināṃ guṇeṣu doṣāropakāḥ ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : yakṣye dāsyāmīty ādi-saṅkalpena dambhāhaṅkārādi-pradhānena pravṛttānām āsurāṇāṃ bahiraṅga-sādhanam api yāga-dānādikaṃ karma na sidhyati, antaraṅga-sādhanaṃ tu jñāna-vairāgya-bhagavad-bhajanādi teṣāṃ durāpās tam evety āha ahaṅkāram iti | aham abhimāna-rūpo yo 'haṅkāraḥ sa sarva-sādhāraṇaḥ | etais tv āropitair guṇair ātmano mahattvābhimānam ahaṅkāraṃ tathā balaṃ para-paribhava-nimittaṃ śarīra-gata-sāmarthya-viśeṣaṃ darpaṃ parāvadhīraṇā-rūpaṃ guru-nṛpādy-atikrama-kāraṇaṃ citta-doṣa-viśeṣaṃ kāmam iṣṭa-viṣayābhilāṣaṃ krodham aniṣṭa-viṣaya-dveṣam | ca-kārāt para-guṇāsahiṣṇutva-rūpaṃ mātsaryam | evam anyāṃś ca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ |

etādṛśā api patitās tava bhaktyā pūtāḥ santo narake na patiṣyantīti cen nety āha mām īśvaraṃ bhagavantam apara-deheṣu ātmanāṃ teṣām āsurāṇāṃ pareṣāṃ ca tat-putra-bhāryādīnāṃ deheṣu premāspadeṣu tat-tad-buddhi-karma-sākṣitayā santam atipremāspadam api durdaiva-paripākāt pradviṣanta īśvarasya mama śāsanaṃ śruti-smṛti-rūpaṃ tad-uktārthānuṣṭhāna-parāṅmukhatayā tad-ativartanaṃ me pradveṣas taṃ kurvantaḥ | nṛpādy-ājñā-laṅghanam eva hi tat-pradveṣa iti prasiddhaṃ loke |

nanu gurvādayaḥ kathaṃ tān nānuśāsati tatrāha abhyasūyakā gurv-ādīnāṃ vaidika-mārga-sthānāṃ kāruṇyādi-guṇeṣu pratāraṇādi-doṣāropakāḥ | atas te sarva-sādhana-śūnyā naraka eva patantīty arthaḥ |

mām ātma-para-deheṣv ity asyāparā vyākhyā sva-deheṣu para-deheṣu ca cid-aṃśena sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣantāṃ yajante dambha-yajñeṣu śraddhāyā abhāvād dīkṣādinātmano vṛtahiva pīḍā bhavati | tathā paśv-ādīnām apy avidhinā hiṃsayā caitanya-droha-mātram avaśiṣyata iti |

aparā vyākhyā ātma-dehe jīvān āviṣṭe bhagaval-līlā-vigrahe vāsudevādi-samākhye manuṣyatvādi-bhramān māṃ pradviṣantaḥ | tathā para-deheṣu bhakta-deheṣu prahlādādi-samākhyeṣu sarvadāvirbhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣanta iti yojanā | uktaṃ hi navame -

avyaktaṃ vyaktim āpannaṃ manyante mām abuddhayaḥ [Gītā 8.23] iti cānyatra | tathā ca bhajanīye dveṣān na bhaktyā pūtanā teṣāṃ sambhavatīty arthaḥ ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : māṃ paramātmānam amānayanta eva pradviṣantaḥ | yad vā ātma-parāḥ paramātma-parāyaṇāḥ sādhavas teṣāṃ deheṣu sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣantaḥ sādhu-deha-dveṣād eva mad-dveṣa iti bhāvaḥ | abhyasūyakāḥ sādhūnāṃ guṇeṣu doṣāropakāḥ ||18||

baladevaḥ : sarvathā veda-tat-pratipādyeśvarāvamantarāc ta ity āha ahaṅkāram iti | ahaṅkārādīn saṃśritās te ātmanaḥ pareṣāṃ ca deheṣu niyāmakatayā bhartṛtayā cāvasthitaṃ māṃ sarveśvaraṃ mad-viṣayakaṃ vedaṃ ca pradviṣanto 'vajñayākurvanto bhavanti | abhyasūyakāḥ kuṭila-yuktibhir mama vedasya ca guṇeṣu doṣān āropayantaḥ | aham eva svatantraḥ karomīty ahaṅkāraḥ | aham eva parākramīti balam | mat-tulyo na ko 'py astīti darpaḥ | mad-icchaiva sarva-sādhiketi kāmaḥ | mat-pratīpam aham eva haniṣyāmīti krodhaś ca ||18||

BhG 16.19

śrīdharaḥ : teṣāṃ ca kadācid api āsura-svabhāva-pracyutir na bhavatīty āha tān iti dvābhyām | tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krūrān saṃsāreṣu janma-mṛtyu-mārgeṣu tatrāpy āsurīṣv evātikrūrāsu vyāghra-sarpādi-yoniṣu ajasram anavarataṃ kṣipāmi | teṣāṃ pāpa-karmaṇāṃ tādṛśaṃ phalaṃ dadāmīty arthaḥ ||19||

madhusūdanaḥ : teṣāṃ tvat-kṛpayā kadācin nistāraḥ syād iti nety āha tān iti | tān san-mārga-pratipakṣa-bhūtān dviṣataḥ sādhūn mā ca krūrān hiṃsā-parān ato narādhamān atininidtān ajasraṃ santatam aśubhān aśubha-karma-kāriṇo 'haṃ sarva-karma-phala-dāteśvaraḥ saṃsāreṣv eva naraka-saṃsaraṇa-mārgeṣu kṣipāmi pātayāmi | naraka-gatāś cāsurīṣv evātikrūrāsu vyāghra-sarpādi-yoniṣu tat-tat-karma-vāsanānusāreṇa kṣipāmīty anuṣajyate | etādṛśeṣu drohiṣu nāsti mameśvarasya kṛpety arthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ - atha ya iha kapūya-caraṇā abhyāśo ha yat te kapūyāṃ yonim āpadyerañ śva-yoniṃ vā sūkara-yoniṃ vā caṇḍāla-yoniṃ vā [ChāU 5.10.7] iti | kapūya-caraṇāḥ kutsita-karmāṇo 'bhyāśo ha śīghram eva kapūyāṃ kutsitāṃyonim āpadyanta iti śruter arthaḥ | ata eva pūrva-pūrva-karmānusāritvān neśvarasya vaiṣamyaṃ nairghṛṇyaṃ vā | tathā ca pāramarṣaṃ sūtraṃ - vaiṣamya-nairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāt tathā hi darśayati [Vs 2.1.34] iti | evaṃ ca pāpa-karmāṇy eva teṣāṃ kārayati bhagavāṃs teṣu tad-bīja-sattvāt | kāruṇikatve 'pi tāni na nāśayati tan-nāśaka-puṇyopacayābhāvāt purṇyopacayaṃ na kārayati teṣām ayogyatvāt | na hīśvaraḥ pāṣāṇeṣu yavāṅkurān karoti | īśvaratvād ayogyasyāpi yogyatāṃ sampādayituṃ śaknotīti cet, śaknoty eva satya-saṅkalpatvāt yadi saṅkalpayet | na tu saṅkalpayati ājñā-laṅghiṣu svabhakta-drohiṣu durātma-sva-prasannatvāt | ata eva śrūyate - eṣa u hy eva sādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam unninīṣate, eṣa u evāsādhu karma kārayati taṃ yam adho ninīṣate iti | yeṣu prasāda-kāraṇam asty ājñā-pālanādi teṣu prasīdati | yeṣu tu tad-vaiparītyaṃ teṣu na prasīdati sati kāraṇe kāryaṃ kāraṇābhāve kāryābhāva iti kim atra vaiṣamyam | parāt tu tac chruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.39] iti nyāyāc ca | antato gatvā kiṃcid vaiṣamyāpādane mahā-māyatvād adoṣaḥ ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : eṣām āsura-svabhāvān kvacid api vimokṣo na bhavatīty āha tān iti dvābhyām | āsurīṣv eva hiṃsā-tṛṣṇādi-yuktāsu mleccha-vyādha-yoniṣu tat-tat-karmānu-guṇa-phaladaḥ sarveśvaro 'ham ajasraṃ punaḥ punaḥ kṣipāmi ||19||

BhG 16.20

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca āsurīm iti | te ca mām aprāpyaiva iti eva-kāreṇa mat-prāpti-śaṅkāpi kutas teṣām | mat-prāpty-upāyaṃ san-mārgam aprāpya tato 'py adhamāṃ kṛmi-kīṭādi-yoniṃ yāntīty uktam | śeṣaṃ spaṣṭam ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu teṣām api krameṇa bahūnāṃ janmanām ante [Gītā 7.19] śreyo bhaviṣyati nety āha āsurīm iti | ye kadācid āsurīṃ yonim āpannās te janmani janmani prati janma mūḍhās tamo-bahulatvenāvivekinas tatas tasmād api yānty adhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | mām aprāpyeti na mat-prāptau kācid āśaṅkāpy asti | ato mad-upadiṣṭaṃ veda-mārgam aprāpyety arthaḥ | eva-kāras tiryak-sthāvarādiṣu veda-mārga-prāpti-svarūpāyogyatāṃ darśayati | tenātyantatamo-bahulatvena veda-mārga-prāpti-svarūpāyogyā bhūtvā pūrva-pūrva-nikṛṣṭa-yonito nikṛṣṭatamām adhamāṃ yonim uttarottaraṃ gacchantīty arthaḥ | he kaunteyeti nija-sambandha-kathanena tvam ito nistīrṇa iti sūcayati | yasmād ekadāsurīṃ yonim āpannānām uttarottaraṃ nikṛṣṭatara-nikṛṣṭatama-yoni-lābho na tu tat-pratīkāra-sāmarthyam atyanta-tamo-bahulatvāt, tasmād yāvan manuṣya-deha-lābho 'sti tāvan mahatāpi prayatnenāsuryāḥ sampadaḥ parama-kaṣṭatamāyāḥ parihārāya tvarayaiva yathā-śakti daivī sampad anuṣṭheyā śreyo 'rthibhir anyathā tiryag-ādi-deha-prāptau sādhanānuṣṭhānāyogyatvān na kadāpi nistāro 'stīti mahat saṅkaṭam āpadyeteti samudāyārthaḥ | tad uktaṃ -

ihaiva naraka-vyādheś cikitsāṃ na karoti yaḥ | gatvā nirauṣadhaṃ sthānaṃ sa-rujaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati || iti ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : mām aprāpyaiveti na tu māṃ prāpyeti | vaivasvata-manvantararīyāṣṭāviṃśa-caturvyuga-dvāparānte 'vatīrṇaṃ māṃ kṛṣṇaṃ kaṃsādi-rūpās te prāpya pradviṣanto 'pi muktim eva prāpnuvantīti bhakti-jñāna-paripākato labhyām api muktiṃ tādṛśa-pāpibhyo 'py aham apāra-kṛpā-sindhur dadāmi | nibhṛta-marun-mano 'kṣa dṛḍha-yoga-yujo hṛdi yan munaya upāsate tad-arayo 'pi yayuḥ smaraṇāt [BhP 10.87.23] iti śrutayo 'py āhuḥ | ataḥ pūrvoktā mamaiva sarvotkarṣo varīvartīti bhāgavatāmṛta-kārikā yathā -

māṃ kṛṣṇa-rūpiṇaṃ yāvan nāpnuvanti mama dviṣaḥ | tāvad evādhamaṃ yoniṃ prāpnuvantīti hi sphuṭam || iti | [LBhāg 1.5.83]

baladevaḥ : nanu bahu-janmānte teṣāṃ kadācit tvad-anukampayāsurayoner vimuktiḥ syād iti cet tatrāha āsurīm iti | te mūḍhā janmany āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mām aprāpyaiva tato 'py adhamām atinikṛṣṭāṃ śvādi-yoniṃ yānti | mām aprāpyaiva atra eva-kāreṇa mad-anukampāyāḥ sambhāvanāpi nāsti | tal-lābhopāya-yogyā saj-jātir api durlabheti | śrutiś caivam āha - atha kapūya-caraṇā abhyāso ha yat te kapūyāṃ yonim āpadyeran śva-yoniṃ vā śūkara-yoniṃ vā caṇḍāla-yoniṃ vā [ChāU 5.10.7] ity ādikā |

nanv īśvaraḥ satya-saṅkalpatvāday ayogyasyāpi yogyatāṃ śaknuvāt kartum iti cet, śaknuyād eva | yadi saṅkalpayet bījābhāvān na saṅkalpayatīty atas tasyā vaiṣamyam āha sūtrakāraḥ - vaiṣyamya-niarghṛṇye na [Vs 2.1.35] ity ādinā | tataś ca tān aham ity ādi-dvayaṃ sūpapannam | ete nāstikāḥ sarvadā nārakino darśitāḥ | ye tu śāpād asurās tad-anuyāyinaś ca rājanyāḥ pratyakṣe upendra-nṛhari-varāhādau viṣṇau sva-śatru-pakṣatvena vidveṣiṇo 'pi veda-vaidika-karma-parāḥ sarva-niyantāraṃ kāla-śaktikam apratyakṣaṃ sarveśvaraṃ manyante | te tūpendrādibhir nihatāḥ kramāt tyajanty āsurī-yonim | kṛṣṇena nihatās tu vimucyante ceti | na te veda bāhyāḥ ||20||

BhG 16.21

śrīdharaḥ : uktānām āsura-doṣāṇāṃ madhye sakala-doṣa-mūla-bhūtaṃ doṣa-trayaṃ sarvathā varjanīyam ity āha trividham iti | kāmaḥ krodho lobhaś ceti idaṃ trividhaṃ narakasya dvāram | ata evātmano nāśanaṃ nīcayoni-prāpakam | tasmād etat trayaṃ sarvātmanā tyajet ||21||

madhusūdanaḥ : nanv āsurī sampad ananta-bhedavatī kathaṃ puruṣāyuṣeṇāpi parihartuṃ śakyaitetvāśaṅkya tāṃ saṅkṣipyāha trividham iti | idaṃ trividhaṃ tri-prakāraṃ narakasya prāptau dvāraṃ sādhanaṃ sarvasyā āsuryāḥ sampado mūla-bhūtam ātmano nāśanaṃ sarva-puruṣārthāyogyatā-sampādanenātyantādhama-yoni-prāpakam | kiṃ tat ? ity ata āha kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobha iti | prāg vyākhyātam | yasmād etat trayam eva sarvānartha-mūlaṃ tasmād etat trayaṃ tyajet | etat-traya-tyāgenaiva sarvāpy āsurī sampat tyaktā bhavati | etat-traya-tyāgaś cotpannasya vivekena kārya-pratibandhaḥ | tataḥ paraṃ

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evam āsurīḥ samapttīr vistārya proktā itas tataḥ sādhūktam mā śucaḥ sampadaṃ daivīm abhijāto 'si bhārata iti | kiṃ vāsurāṇām etat trikam eva svābhāvikam ity āha trividham iti ||21||

baladevaḥ : nanv āsurīṃ prakṛtiṃ naraka-hetuṃ śrutvā ye manuṣyās tāṃ parihartum icchanti | taiḥ kim anuṣṭheyam iti cet tatrāha trividham iti | etat-traya-parihāre tasyāḥ parihāraḥ syād ity arthaḥ ||21||

BhG 16.22

śrīdharaḥ : tyāge ca viśiṣṭaṃ phalam āha etair iti | tamaso narakasya dvāra-bhūtair etais tribhiḥ kāmādibhir vimukto nara ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ sādhanaṃ tapo-yogādikam ācarati | tataś ca mokṣaṃ prāpnoti ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : etat trayaṃ tyajataḥ kiṃ syād iti tatrāha etair iti | etaiḥ kāma-krodha-lobhais tribhir tamo-dvārair naraka-sādhanair vimukto virahitaḥ puruṣa ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyo yad dhitaṃ veda-bodhitaṃ he kaunteya pūrvaṃ hi kāmādi-pratibaddhaḥ śreyo nācarati yena puruṣārthaḥ sidhyet | aśreyaś cācarati yena nirapayātaḥ syāt | adhunā tat-pratibandha-rahitaḥ sann aśreyo nācarati śreyaś cācarati tata aihikaṃ sukham anubhūya samyag-dhī-dvārā yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam ||16.22||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : tat-tyāge phalam āha etair iti | śreyaḥ svāśrama-karmādi-śreyaḥ-sādhanam | parāṃ gatiṃ muktim ||22||

BhG 16.23

śrīdharaḥ : kāmādi-tyāgaś ca sva-dharmācaraṇaṃ vinā na sambhavatīty āha ya iti | śāstra-vidhiṃ veda-vihitaṃ dharmam utsṛjya yaḥ kāma-cārato yathecchaṃ vartate sa siddhiṃ tattva-jñānaṃ na prāpnoti | na ca parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti ||23||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād aśreyo nācaraṇasya śreya-ācaraṇasya ca śāstram eva nimittaṃ tayoḥ śāstraika-gamyatvāt tasmāt ya iti | śiṣyate 'nuśiṣyate 'pūrvo 'rtho bodhyate 'neneti śāstraṃ vedas tad-upajīvi-smṛti-purāṇādi ca | tat-sambandhī vidhi-liṅ-ādi-śabdaḥ kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-pravartanānvartanātmakaḥ kartavyākartavya-jñāna-hetur vidhi-niṣedhākhyas taṃ śāstra-vidhim vidhi-niṣedhātiriktam api brahma-pratipādakaṃ śāstram astīti sūcayituṃ vidhi-śabdaḥ | utsṛjyāśraddhayā parityajya kāma-kārataḥ svecchā-mātreṇa vartate vihitam api nācarati niṣiddham apy ācarati yaḥ sa siddhim puruṣārtha-prāpti-yogyatām antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhiṃ

baladevaḥ : kāmādi-tyāgaḥ sva-dharmād vinā na bhavet | sva-dharmaś ca śāstrād vinā na sidhyed ataḥ śāstram evāstheyaṃ sudhiyety āha ya iti | kāma-cārataḥ svācchandyena yo vartate vihitam api na karoti | niṣiddham api karotīty arthaḥ | sa siddhiṃ pumarthopāya-bhūtāṃ hṛd-viśuddhiṃ naivāpnoti | sukham upaśamātmakaṃ ca parāṃ gatiṃ muktiṃ kuto vāpnuyāt ||23||

BhG 16.24

śrīdharaḥ : phalitam āha tasmād iti | idaṃ kāryam idam akāryam ity asyāṃ vyavasthāyāṃ te tava śāstraṃ śruti-smṛti-purāṇādikam eva pramāṇam | ataḥ śāstra-vidhānoktaṃ karma jñātvā iha karmādhikāre vartmāno yathā 'dhikāraṃ karma kartum arhasi tan-mūlatvāt sattva-śuddhi-samyag jñāna-muktīnām ity arthaḥ ||24||

iti śrīśrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : yasmād evam tasmād iti | yasmāc chāstra-vimukhatayā kāmādhīna-pravṛttir aihika-pāratrika-sarva-puruṣārtha-yogyas tasmāt te tava śreyo 'rthinaḥ kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kiṃ kāryaṃ kim akāryam iti viṣaye śāstraṃ veda-tad-upajīvi-smṛti-purāṇādikam eva pramāṇaṃ bodhakaṃ nānyat svotprekṣā-buddha-vākyādīty abhiprāyaḥ | evaṃ ceha karmādhikāra-bhūmau śāstra-vidhānena kuryān na kuryād ity evaṃ-pravartanānivartanā-rūpeṇa vaidika-liṅ-ādi-padenoktaṃ karma-vihitaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca jñātvā niṣiddhaṃ varjayan vihitaṃ kṣatriyasya yuddhādi-karma tvaṃ kartum arhasi sattva-śuddhi-paryantam ity arthaḥ | tad evam asminn adhyāye sarvasyā āsuryāḥ sampado mūla-bhūtān sarvāśreyaḥ-prāpakān sarva-śreyaḥ-pratibandhakān mahā-doṣān kāma-krodha-lobhān apahāya śreyo 'rthinā śraddadhānatayā śāstra-pravaṇena tad-upadiṣṭārthānuṣṭhāna-pareṇa bhavativyam iti saṃpad-dvaya-vibhāga-pradarśana-mukhena nirdhāritam ||24||

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām daivāsura-sampad-vibhāga-yogo nāma ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām | gītāsu ṣoḍaśo 'dhyāyaḥ saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām | ||16|||

baladevaḥ : yasmāc chāstra-vimukhatayā kāmādy-adhīnā pravṛttiḥ pumarthād vibhraṃśayati | tasmāt tava kāryākārya-vyavasthitau kiṃ kartavyaṃ kim akartavyam ity asmin viṣaye nirdoṣam apauruṣeyaṃ veda-rūpaṃ śāstram eva pramāṇam | na tu bhramādi-doṣavatā puruṣeṇotprekṣitaṃ vākyam | ataḥ śāstra-vidhānena kuryān na kuryād iti pravartanā-nivartanātmakena liṅ-tavyādi-padenoktam | karma vihitaṃ niṣiddhaṃ ca jñātvā niṣiddhaṃ tat parityajan iha karma-bhūmau vihita-karmāgni-hotrādi yuddhādi ca kartum arhasi loka-saṅgrahāya ||24||

Bhagavadgita 17

BhG 17.1

pūrvādhyāyānte yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-cārataḥ | na sa siddhim avāpnoti [Gītā 16.24] ity anena śāstrokta-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-cāreṇa vartamānasya jñāne 'dhikāro nāstīty uktam | tatra śāstram utsṛjya kāma-cāraṃ vinā śraddayā vartamānānāṃ kim adhikāro 'sti nāsti veti bubhutsayā 'rjuna uvāca ya iti | atra ca śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajanta ity anena śāstrārthaṃ buddhyā tam ullaṅghya vartamāno na gṛhyate | teṣāṃ śraddhayā yajanānupatteḥ | āstikya-buddhir hi śraddhā | na cāsau śāstra-viruddhe 'rthe śāstra-jñānavatāṃ sambhavati | tān evādhikṛtya trividhā bhavati śraddheti | yajante sāttvikā devān ity ādy uttarānupapatteś ca | ato nātra śāstrollaṅghino gṛhyante | api tu kleśa-buddhy-ālasyād vā śāstrārtha-jñāne prayatnam akṛtvā kevalam ācāra-paramparā-vaśena śraddhayā kvacid devatārādhanādau pravartamānā gṛhyante | ato 'yam arthaḥ ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya duḥkha-buddhyālasya-dvārā anādṛtya kevalam ācāra-prāmāṇyena śraddhayā 'nvitāḥ santo yajante teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā | kā sthitiḥ | ka āśrayaḥ | tām eva viśeṣeṇa pṛcchati kiṃ sattvam | āho kiṃ vā rajaḥ | athavā tama iti | teṣāṃ tādṛśī deva-pūjādi-pravṛttiḥ kiṃ sattva-saṃśritā | rajaḥ-saṃśritā vā | tamaḥ-saṃśritā vety arthaḥ | śraddhāyāḥ sattva-saṃśritā tarhi teṣām api sāttvikatvād yathoktātma-jñāne 'dhikāraḥ syāt | anyathā neti praśna-tātparyārthaḥ ||1||

madhusūdanaḥ : trividhāḥ karmānuṣṭhātāro bhavanti | kecic chāstra-vidhiṃ jñātvāpy aśraddhayā tam utsṛjya kāma-kāra-mātreṇa yat kiṃcid anutiṣṭhanti te sarva-puruṣārthāyogyatvād asurāḥ | kecit tu śāstra-vidhiṃ jñātvā śraddadhānatayā tad-anusāreṇaiva niṣiddhaṃ varjayanto vihitam anutiṣṭhanti te sarva-puruṣārtha-yogyatvād devā iti pūrvādhyāyānte siddham | ye tu śāstrīyaṃ vidhim ālasyādi-vaśād upekṣya śraddadhānatayaiva vṛddha-vyavahāra-mātreṇa niṣiddhaṃ varjayanto vihitam anutiṣṭhanti | te śāstrīya-vidhy-upekṣā-lakṣaṇenānsura-sādharmyeṇa śraddhā-pūrvakānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇena ca deva-sādharmyeṇānvitāḥ kim asureṣv antarbhavanti kiṃ vā deveṣv ity ubhaya-dharma-darśanād eka-koṭi-niścāyakādarśanāc ca sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca ya iti |

ye pūrvādhyāye ta nirṇītā na devavac chāstrānusāriṇaḥ kintu śāstra-vidhiṃ śruti-smṛti-codanām utsṛjyālasyādi-vaśād anādṛtya nāsuravad aśraddadhānāḥ kiṃ tu vṛddha-vyavahārānusāreṇa śraddhayānvitā yajante deva-pūjādikaṃ kurvanti teṣāṃ tu śāstra-vidhy-upekṣā-śraddhābhyāṃ pūrva-niścita-devāsura-vilakṣaṇānāṃ niṣṭhā kā kīdṛśī teṣāṃ śāstra-vidhy-anapekṣā śraddhā-pūrvikā ca sā yajanādi-kriyā-vyavasthitiḥ | he kṛṣṇa bhaktāvakarṣaṇa ! kiṃ sattvaṃ sāttvikī | tathā sati sāttvikatvāt te devāḥ | āho iti pakṣāntare | kiṃ rajas tamo rājasī tāmsī ca | tathā sati rājasa-tāmasatvād asurās te sattvam ity ekā koṭiḥ | rajas tama ity aparā koṭir iti vibhāga-jñāpanāyāho-śabdaḥ ||17.1||

iti tvayoktam | tatrāham idaṃ jijñāsa ity āha ya iti | ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-cārato vartante kintu kāma-bhoga-rahitā eva śraddhayānvitāḥ santo yajante taop-yajña-jñāna-yajña-japa-yajñādikaṃ kurvanti | teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā sthitiḥ kim ālambanam ity arthaḥ | tat kiṃ sattvam | āho svit rajaḥ | athavā tamas tad brūhīty arthaḥ ||1||

vedam adhītya tad-vidhinā tad-arthānutiṣṭhantaḥ śāstrīya-śraddhā-yuktā devāḥ | vedam avajñāya yathecchā-cāriṇo veda-bāhyās tv āsurā iti pūrvasminn adhyāye tvayoktam | atheyaṃ me jijñāsā ye śāstreti | ye janāḥ pāṭhato 'rthataś ca durgamaṃ vedaṃ viditvālasyādinā tad-vidhim utsṛjya lokācāra-jātayā śraddhayānvitāḥ santo devādīn yajante, teṣāṃ śāstra-vidhy-upekṣā-śraddhābhyāṃ pūrva-nirṇīta-daivāsura-vilakṣaṇānāṃ kā niṣṭhā | sattvaṃ saṃśrayā teṣāṃ sthitir athavā rajas tamaḥ saṃśrayeti koṭi-dvayāvabodhāyāho-śabdo madhye niveśitaḥ ||1||

BhG 17.2

śrīdharaḥ : atrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca trividheti | ayam arthaḥ śāstra-tattva-jñānataḥ pravartamānānāṃ parameśvara-pūjā-viṣayā sāttvikī ekavidhaiva bhavati śraddhā | lokācāra-mātreṇa tu pravartamānānāṃ dehināṃ yā śraddhā sā tu sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī ceti trividhā bhavati | tatra hetuḥ svabhāvajā | svabhāvaḥ pūrva-karma-saṃskāraḥ | tasmāj jātā | svabhāvam anyathā kartuṃ samarthaṃ śāstrotthaṃ viveka-jñānam | tat tu teṣāṃ nāsti | ataḥ kevalaṃ pūrva-svabhāvena bhavantī śraddhā trividhā bhavati | tām imāṃ trividhāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇv iti | tad uktaṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir

madhusūdanaḥ : ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya śraddhayā yajante te śraddhā-bhedād bhidyante | tatra ye sāttvikyā śraddhayānvitās te devāḥ śāstrokta-sādhane 'dhikriyante tat-phalena cayujyante | ye tu rājasyā tāmasyā ca śraddhayānvitās te 'surā na śāstrīya-sādhane 'dhikriyante na vā tat-phalena yujyanta iti vivekenārjunasya sandeham apaninīṣuḥ śraddhā-bhedaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca tri-vidheti | yathā śraddhayānvitāḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajante sā dehināṃ svabhāvajā, janmāntara-kṛto dharmādharmādi-śubhāśubha-saṃskāra idānīntana-janmārambhakaḥ svabhāvaḥ | sa tri-vidhaḥ sāttviko rājasas tāmasaś ceti | tena janitā śraddhā tri-vidhā bhavati sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī ca | kāraṇānurūpatvāt kāryasya | yā tv ārabdhe janmani śāstra-saṃskāra-mātrajā viduṣāṃ sā kāraṇaika-rūpatvād eka-rūpā sāttviky eva | na rājasī tāmasī ceti prathama-ca-kārārthaḥ | śāstra-nirapekṣā tu prāṇi-mātra-sādhāraṇī svabhāva-jā | saiva svabhāva-traividhyāt trividhety eva-kārārthaḥ | ukta-vidhā-traya-samuccayārthaś caramaś ca-kāraḥ | yataḥ prāg-bhavīya-vāsanākhya-svabhāvasyābhibhāvakaṃ śāstrīyaṃ viveka-vijñānam anādṛta-śāstrāṇāṃ dehināṃ nāsti atas teṣāṃ svabhāva-vaśāt tridhā bhavantīṃ tāṃ śraddhāṃ śṛṇu | śrutvā ca devāsura-bhāvaṃ svayam evāvadhārayety arthaḥ ||2||

viśvanāthaḥ : bho arjuna prathamaṃ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya yajatāṃ niṣṭhāṃ śṛṇu | paścāt śāstra-vidhi-tyāgināṃ niṣṭhāṃ te vakṣyāmīty āha trividheti | svabhāvaḥ prācīna-saṃskāra-viśeṣas tasmāj jātā śraddhā | sā ca trividhā ||2||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca trividheti | ālasyāt kleśāc ca śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya ye śraddhayā devādīn yajante dehinaḥ | sā teṣāṃ svabhāvajā bodhyā prāktanaḥ śubhāśubha-saṃskāraḥ svabhāvas tasmāj jātety arthaḥ | anādi-triguṇa-prakṛti-saṃsṛṣṭānāṃ dehinām anādito 'nāvṛttasya saṃsārasya sāttvikatvādinā traividhyāt taj-jāta-śraddhāpi trividhety āha sāttvikītyādi | svabhāvam anyathayituṃ samarthā khalu sad-upadiṣṭa-śāstra-janyā viveka-saṃvit sā teṣāṃ nāsty ataḥ svabhāvajā śraddhā trividhā bhavati | tādṛk-śāstra-janyā śraddhā tv anyaiva yathā tad-ukti-vidhinaiva tad-arthānuṣṭhānam ||2||

BhG 17.3

śrīdharaḥ : nanu ca śraddhā sāttviky eva sattva-kāryatvena tvayaiva śrī-bhāgavate uddhavaṃ prati nirdiṣṭatvāt | yathoktaṃ -

ity etāḥ sattvasya vṛttayaḥ | iti |

atha kathaṃ tasyās traividhyam ucyate | satyam | tathāpi rajas-tamo-yukta-puruṣāśrayatvena rajas-tamo-miśritatvena sattvasya traividhyāc chraddhāyāpi traividhyaṃ ghaṭate ity āhasattvānurūpeti | sattvānurūpā sattva-tāratamyānusāriṇī sarvasya vivekino 'vivekino lokasya śraddhā vikriata ity arthaḥ | tad evāha yo yac chraddhaḥ yādṛśī śraddhā yasya | sa eva saḥ | tādṛśa-śraddhā-yukta eva saḥ | yaḥ pūrvaṃ sattvotkarṣeṇa sāttvika-śraddhayā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ sa punas tādṛśa-sva-saṃskāreṇa sāttvika-śraddhayāyukta eva bhavati | yas tu rajasa utkarṣeṇa rājasa-śraddhayā yuktaḥ sa punas tādṛśa eva bhavati | yas tu tamasa utkarṣeṇa tāmasa-śraddhayā yuktaḥ sa punas tādṛśa eva bhavati | lokācāra-mātreṇa pravartamāneṣv evaṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-śraddhā-vyavasthā | śāstra-janita-viveka-jñāna-yuktānāṃ tu svabhāva-vijayena sāttvikī ekaiva śraddheti prakaraṇārthaḥ ||3||

madhusūdanaḥ : prāg-bhavīyāntaḥ-karaṇa-gata-vāsanā-rūpa-nimitta-kāraṇa-vaicitryeṇa śraddhā-vaicitryam uktvā tad-upādāna-kāraṇāntaḥ-karaṇa-vaicitryeṇāpi tad-vaicitryam āha sattveti | sattvaṃ prakāśa-śīlatvāt sattva-pradhāna-triguṇāpañcīkṛta-pañca-mahā-bhūtārabdham antaḥ-karaṇam | tac ca kvacid udrikta-sattvam eva yathā devānām | kvacid rajasābhibhūta-sattvaṃ yathā yakṣādīnām | kvacit tamasābhibhūta-sattvaṃ yathā preta-bhūtādīnām | manuṣyāṇāṃ tu prāyeṇa vyāmiśram eva | tac ca śāstrīya-viveka-jñānenodbhūta-sattvaṃ rajas-tamasī abhibhūya kriyate | śāstrīya-viveka-vijñāna-śūnyasya tu sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya sattvānurūpā śraddhā sattva-vaicitryād vicitrā bhavati, sattva-pradhāne 'ntaḥ-karaṇe sāttvikī | rajaḥ-pradhāne tasmin rājasī tamaḥ-pradhāne tu tasmiṃs tāmasīti | he bhārata mahā-kula-prasūta jñāna-nirateti vā śuddha-sāttvikatvaṃ dyotayati | yat tvayā pṛṣṭaṃ teṣāṃ niṣṭā keti tatrottaraṃ śṛṇu | ayaṃ śāstrīya-jñāna-śūnyaḥ karmādhikṛtaḥ puruṣas triguṇāntaḥ-karaṇa-sampiṇḍitaḥ śraddhā-mayaḥ prācuryeṇāsmin śraddhā prakṛteti tat-prastuta-vacane mayaṭ | ananya-mayo yajña itivat | ato yo yac-chradho yā sāttvikī rājasī tāmasī vā śraddhā yasya sa eva śraddhānurūpa eva sa sāttviko rājasas tāmaso vā | śraddhayaiva niṣṭhā vyākhyātety abhiprāyaḥ ||3||

viśvanāthaḥ : sattvam antaḥkaraṇaṃ trividhaṃ sāttvikaṃ rājasaṃ tāmasaṃ ca | tad-anurūpā sāttvikāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ sāttviky eva śraddhā | rājasāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ rājasy eva | tāmasāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ tāmasy evety arthaḥ | yac-chraddho yasmin yajanīye deve 'sure rākṣase vā śraddhāvān yo bhavati | sa sa eva bhavati tat tac chabdenaiva vyapadiśyata ity arthaḥ ||3||

baladevaḥ : yadyapi śraddhā sattva-guṇa-vṛttis tathāpy antaḥ-karaṇa-dharmasya svabhāvasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya ca dharmiṇas traividhyāt tad-uditāyās tasyās traividhyaṃ siddhyed iti bhāvenāha sattvānurūpeti | sattvam antaḥkaraṇaṃ triguṇātmakaṃ tad-anurūpā sarvasya prāṇijātasya śraddhā bhavati | sattva-pradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya śraddhā sāttvikī | rajaḥ-pradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya tu rājasī | tamaḥpradhānāntaḥkaraṇasya tu śraddhā tāmasīti | ato 'yaṃ pūjya-pūjaka-rūpo laukikaḥ puruṣaḥ śraddhāmayas trividha-śraddhā-pracuro yaḥ puruṣo yac-chraddho yasmin pūjye devādau yakṣādau pretādau ca śraddhāvān bhavati | sa pūjako 'pi sa eva tat-tac-chabdena

śrīdharaḥ : sāttvikādi-bhedam eva kārya-bhedena prapañcayati yajanta iti | sāttvikā janāḥ sattva-prakṛtīn devān eva yajante pūjayanti | rājasās tu rajaḥ-prakṛtīn yakṣān rakṣasāṃś ca yajante | etebhyo 'nye vilakṣaṇās tāmasā janās tāmasān eva pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca yajante | sattvādi-prakṛtīnāṃ tat-tad-devādīnāṃ pūjā-rucibhis tat-tat-pūjakānāṃ sāttvikāditvaṃ jñātavyam ity arthaḥ ||4||

madhusūdanaḥ : śraddhā jñātā satī niṣṭhāṃ jñāpayiṣyati | kenopāyena sā jñāyatām ity apekṣite deva-pūjādikārya-liṅgenānumeyety āha yajanta iti | janāḥ śāstrīya-viveka-hīnā ye svābhāvikyā śraddhayā devān vasu-rudrādīn sāttvikān yajante te 'nye sāttvikā jñeyāḥ | ye ca yakṣān kuverādīn rakṣāṃsi ca rākṣasān nirṛti-prabhṛtīn rājasān yajante te 'nye rājasā jñeyāḥ | ye ca pretān viprādayaḥ svadharmāt pracyutā deha-pātād ūrdhvaṃ vāyavīyaṃ deham āpannā ulkāmukha-kaṭa-pūtanādi-saṃjñāḥ pretā bhavantīti manūktān piśāca-viśeṣān vā bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca sapta-mātṛkādīṃś ca tāmasān yajante te 'nye tāmasā jñeyāḥ | anya iti padaṃ triṣv api vailakṣaṇya-dyotanāya sambadhyate ||4||

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam arthaṃ spaṣṭayati sāttvikāntaḥ-karaṇāḥ sāttvikyā śraddhayā sāttvika-śāstra-vidhinā sāttvikān devān eva yajante | deveṣv eva śraddhāvattvād devā evocyante | evaṃ rājasā rājasāntaḥ-karaṇā ity ādi vivaritavyam ||4||

baladevaḥ : kārya-bhedena sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ prapañcayati yajanta iti | śāstrīya-viveka-saṃvid-vihīnā ye janāḥ svabhāva-jayā śraddhayā devān sāttvikān vasu-rudrādīn yajante te 'nye rājasāḥ | ye pretān bhūta-gaṇāṃś ca tāmasā yajante te 'nye tāmasāḥ | dvijāḥ svadharma-vibhraṣṭā deha-pātottara-labdha-vāyavīya-dehā ulkāmukha-kaṭa-pūtanādi-saṃjñāḥ pretā manūktāḥ piśāca-viśeṣā veti vyākhyātāraś cāt sapta-mātṛkādayaḥ | evam ālasyāt tyakta-veda-vidhīnāṃ svabhāvān sāttvikādyā nirūpitāḥ | ete ca balavad vaidika-sat-prasaṅgāt svabhāvān vijitya kadācid vede 'py adhikṛto bhavantīti bodhyam ||4||

BhG 17.5-6

śrīdharaḥ : rājasa-tāmaseṣv api punar viśeṣāntaram āha aśāstra-vihitam iti dvābhyām | śāstra-vidhim ajānanto 'pi kecit prācīna-puṇya-saṃskāreṇa uttamāḥ sāttvikā eva bhavanti | kecin madhyamā rājasā bhavanti | adhamās tu tāmasā bhavanti | ye punar atyantaṃ manda-bhāgyās te gatānugatyā pāṣaṇḍa-saṅgena ca tad-ācārānuvartinaḥ santo 'śāstra-vihitaṃ ghoraṃ bhūta-bhayaṅkaraṃ tapas tapyante kurvanti | tatra hetavaḥ dambhāhaṅkārābhyāṃ saṃyuktāḥ | tathā kāmo 'bhilāṣaḥ | rāga āsaktiḥ | balam āgrahaḥ | etair anvitāḥ santaḥ | tān āsura-niścayān vidvīty uttareṇānvayaḥ ||5||

kiṃ ca karśayanta iti | śarīra-sthaṃ prārambhakatvena dehe sthitaṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthivy-ādīnāṃ grāmaṃ samūhaṃ karśayanto vṛthaiva upavāsādibhiḥ kṛśaṃ kurvanto 'cetaso 'vivekinaḥ | māṃ cāntaryāmitayāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ deha-madhye sthitaṃ mad-ājñā-laṅghanenaiva karśayantaḥ | evaṃ ye tapaś caranti tān āsura-niścayān | āsuro 'tikrūro niścayo yeṣāṃ tān viddhi ||6||

madhusūdanaḥ : evam anādṛta-śāstrāṇāṃ sattvādi-niṣṭhā kāryato nirṇītā | tatra kecid rājasa-tāmasā api prāg-bhavīya-puṇya-paripākāt sāttvikā bhūtvā śāstrīya-sādhane 'dhikriyante | ye tu durāgraheṇa durdaiva-paripāka-prāpta-durjana-saṅgādi-doṣeṇa ca rājasa-tāmasatāṃ na muñcanti te śāstrīya-mārgād bhraṣṭā asan-mārgānusaraṇeneha loke paratra ca duḥkha-bhāgina evety āha dvābhyām |

aśāstra-vihitaṃ śāstreṇa vedena pratyakṣeṇānumitena vā na vihitam aśāstreṇa buddhādy-āgamena bodhitaṃ vā ghoraṃ parasyātmanaḥ pīḍā-karaṃ tapas tapta-śilā-rohaṇādi tapyante kurvanti ye janāḥ | dambho dhārmikatva-khyāpanam ahaṃkāro 'ham eva śreṣṭha iti durabhimānas tābhyāṃ samyag yuktāḥ, yogasya samyaktvam anāyāsena viyoga-jananā-sāmarthyaṃ kāme kāmyamāna-viṣaye yo rātgas tan-nimittaṃ balam atygra-duḥkha-sahana-sāmarthyaṃ tenānvitāḥ | kāmo viṣaye 'bhilāṣaḥ | rāgaḥ sadā-tad-abhiniviṣṭatva-rūpo 'bhiṣvaṅgaḥ | balam avaśyam idaṃ sādhayiṣyāmīty āgrahaḥ | tair anvitā iti vā | ata eva balad-duḥkha-darśane 'py anivartamānāḥ, karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvanto vṛthopavāsādinā śarīra-sthaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātākāreṇa pariṇataṃ pṛthivyādi-bhūta-samudāyam acetaso viveka-śūnyā māṃ cāntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ bhoktṛ-rūpeṇa sthitaṃ bhogyasya śarīrasya kṛśīkaraṇena kṛśīkurvanta eva | māma antaryāmitvena śarīrāntaḥ-sthitaṃ buddhi-tad-vṛtti-sākṣi-bhūtam īśvaram ājñā-laṅghanena karśayanta iti vā | tān aihika-sarva-bhoga-vimukhān paratra cādhama-gati-bhāginaḥ sarva-puruṣārtha-bhraṣṭān āsura-niścayān āsuro viparyāsa-rūpo vedārtha-virodhī niścayo yeṣāṃ tān manuṣyatvena pratīyamānān apy asura-kārya-kāritvād asurān viddhi jānīhi pariharaṇāya | niścayasyāsuratvāt tat-pūrvikāṇāṃ sarvāsām antaḥ-karaṇa-vṛttīnām āsuratvam | asuratva-jāti-rahitānāṃ ca manuṣyāṇāṃ karmaṇaivāsuratvāt tān asurān viddhīti sākṣān noktam iti ca draṣṭavyam ||5-6||

viśvanāthaḥ : yas tvayā pṛṣṭhaṃ ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya kāma-bhoga-rahitāḥ śraddhayā yajante teṣāṃ kā niṣṭhā iti | tasyottaram adhunā śṛṇv ity āha aśāstreti dvābhyām | ghoraṃ prāṇi-bhayaṅkaraṃ tapas tapyante kurvantīty-upalakṣaṇam idaṃ japa-yāgādikam apy aśāstrīyaṃ kurvanti | kāmācaraṇa-rāhityaṃ śraddhānvitatvaṃ ca svata eva labhyate | dambhāhaṅkāra-saṃyuktā iti | dambhāhaṅkārābhyāṃ vinā śāstra-vidhy-ullaṅghanānupapatteḥ | kāmaḥ svasyājarāmaratva-rājyādy-abhilāṣo rāgas tapasy āsaktir balaṃ hiraṇyakaśipu-prabhṛtīnām iva tapaḥ-karaṇa-sāmarthyam | tair anvitāḥ śarīra-stham ayambhakatvena deha-sthitam | bhūtānāṃ pṛthivyādīnāṃ grāmaṃ samūhaṃ karśayantaḥ kṛśī-kurvanto māṃ ca mad-aṃśa-bhūtaṃ jīvaṃ ca duḥkhayantaḥ | āsūya-niścayān asurāṇām eva niṣṭhāyāṃ sthitām ity arthaḥ ||5-6||

baladevaḥ : veda-bāhyānāṃ kadācid api durgater nistāro neti pūrvādhyāyoktaṃ dṛḍhayann āha aśāstreti dvābhyām | aśāstreṇa veda-viruddhena svāgamena vihitaṃ ghoraṃ para-pīḍakaṃ tapo ye tapyante kurvanti kāma-rāgo viṣaya-spṛhā balaṃ ca mayā śakyam etat siddhaiḥ kartum iti durāgrahaḥ śarīrastham ārambhakatayā śarīraṃ sthitaṃ bhūta-grāmaṃ pṛthivyādi-saṅghātaṃ karṣayanto vṛthopavāsādinā kṛśaṃ kurvanto 'ntaḥ-śarīra-sthaṃ śarīra-madhya-gatāntaryāmiṇaṃ māṃ cāvajñayā karṣayanto 'cetasaḥ śāstrīya-viveka-saṃvid-vihīnās tān veda-bāhyān āsura-niścayān niścayenāsurān viddhīti pūrvoktānāṃ teṣāṃ durgatir avarjanīyaiveti bhāvaḥ | svabhāvajayā śraddhayā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pretādīn yajatāṃ balavad-vaidika-sad-anugrahe sati śāstrīya-śraddhayāsura-bhāva-vināśaḥ syād eva | devān yajatāṃ tu vastutaḥ sāttvikatvāt tad-anugrahe sati śāstrīyā sulabheti sthitam ||5-6||

BhG 17.7

śrīdharaḥ : āhārādi-bhedād api sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ darśayitum āha āhāras tv ity ādi-trayodaśabhiḥ | sarvasyāpi janasya ya āhāro 'nnādi sa tu yathāyathaṃ trividhaḥ priyo bhavati | tathā yajña-tapo-dānāni ca trividhāni bhavanti teṣāṃ vakṣyamānaṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu | etac ca rājasa-tāmasāhāra-yajñādi-parityāgena sāttvikāhāra-yajñādi-sevayā sattva-vṛddhau yatna-kartavya ity etad arthaṃ kathyate ||7||

madhusūdanaḥ : ye sāttvikās te devā ye tu rājasās tāmasāś ca te viparyastatvād asurā iti sthite sāttvikānām ādānāya rājasa-tāmasānāṃ hānāya cāhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhyam āha āhāra iti | na kevalaṃ śraddhaiva trividhā | āhāro 'pi sarvasya priyas trividha eva bhavati sarvasya triguṇātmakatvena caturthyāṃ vidhāyā asaṃbhavāt | yathā dṛṣṭārtha āhāras trividhas tathā yajña-tapo-dānānya-dṛṣṭārthāny api trividhāni | tatra yajñaṃ vyākhyāsyāmo dravya-devatā-tyāgaḥ iti kalpa-kārair devatoddeśena dravya-tyāgo yajña iti niruktaḥ | sa ca yajatinā juhotinā ca coditatvena yāgo homaś ceti dvividha uttiṣṭhad-dhomā vaṣaṭ-kāra-prayogāntā yājyāpuro 'nuvākyāvanto yajataya upaviṣṭa-homaḥ svāhā-kāra-prayogāntā yājyāpuro 'nuvākyārahitā juhotaya iti kalpa-kārair vyākhyāto yajña-śabdenoktaḥ | tapaḥ kāyendriya-śoṣaṇaṃ kṛcchra-cāndrāyaṇādi | dānaṃ parasvatvāpatti-phalakaḥ sva-svatva-tyāgaḥ | teṣām āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ sāttvika-rājasa-tāmasa-bhedaṃ mayā vyākhyāyamānam imaṃ śṛṇu ||7||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ ye śāstra-vidhi-tyāginaḥ kāma-cāreṇa vartante pūrvādhyāyoktā ye cāsminn adhyāye āsura-śāstra-vidhinā yakṣa-rakṣaḥ-pretādīn yajante, ye cāśāstrīyaṃ tapa-ādikaṃ kurvanti te sarve āsura-sarga-madhya-gatā eva bhavantīti prakaraṇārthaḥ | tathāpy āhārādīnāṃ vakṣyamāṇānāṃ traividhyāt tadvatāṃ yathā-yogaṃ daivam āsuraṃ ca sargaṃ svayam eva vivicya jānīty āha āhāras tv ity ādi trayodaśabhiḥ ||7||

baladevaḥ : evaṃ sthite tad-āhārādīnām api traividhyam āha āhāras tv iti | śraddhāvat sarvasya priyo 'nnādir āhāro 'pi trividho bhavati | evaṃ yajñādīni ca trividhāni | teṣām āhārādīnāṃ caturṇām ||7||

BhG 17.8

śrīdharaḥ : tatrāhāra-traividhyam āha āyur iti tribhiḥ | āyur jīvitam | sattvam utsāhaḥ | balaṃ śaktiḥ | ārogyaṃ roga-rāhityam | sukhaṃ citta-prasādaḥ | prītir abhiruciḥ | āyur-ādīnāṃ vivardhanāḥ viśeṣeṇa vṛddhi-karāḥ | te ca rasyā rasavantaḥ | snigdhāḥ sneha-yuktāḥ | sthirā dehe sārāṃśena cira-kālyāvasthāyinaḥ | hṛdyā dṛṣṭi-mātrād eva hṛdayaṅgamāḥ | evambhūtā āhārā bhakṣya-bhojyādayaḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ ||8||

madhusūdanaḥ : āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ bhedaḥ pañcadaśabhir vyākhyāyate | tatrāhāra-bheda āyur iti tribhiḥ | āyuś cirañjīvanaṃ sattvaṃ citta-dhairyaṃ balavati duḥkhe 'pi nirvikāratvāpādakaṃ, balaṃ śarīra-sāmarthyaṃ svocite kārye śramābhāva-prayojakam | ārogyaṃ vyādhy-abhāvaḥ | sukhaṃ bhojanānantarāhlādas tṛptiḥ | prītir bhojana-kāle 'nabhiruci-rāhityam icchautkaṭyaṃ teṣāṃ vivardhanā | viśeṣeṇa vṛddhi-hetavaḥ | rasyā āsvādyā madhura-rasa-pradhānāḥ | snigdhāḥ sahajenāgantukena vā snehena yuktāḥ | sthirā rasādy-aṃśena śarīre cira-kāla-sthāyinaḥ | hṛdyā hṛdayaṅgamā durgandhāśucitvādi-dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-doṣa-śūnyāḥ | āhārāś carvya-coṣya-lehya-peyāḥ sāttvikānāṃ priyāḥ | etair liṅgaiḥ sāttvika jñeyāḥ sāttvikatvam abhilaṣadbhiś caita ādeyā ity arthaḥ ||8||

viśvanāthaḥ : sāttvikāhāravatām āyur vardhata iti prasiddhaḥ | sattvam utsāhaḥ | rasyā iti kevala guḍādīnāṃ rasyatve 'pi rūkṣatvam ata āha snigdhā iti | dugdha-phenādīnāṃ rasyatva-snigdhatve 'pi asthairyam ata āha sthirā iti | panasa-phalādīnāṃ rasyatve snigdhatva-sthiratve 'pi hṛd-udarādy-ahitatvam ata āha hṛdyā hṛd-udara-hitā iti | tena sa-gavya-śarkarā-śāli-godhūmānnādaya eva rasyatvādi-catuṣṭaya-guṇavattvāt sāttvika-loka-priyā jñeyās teṣāṃ priyatve saty eva sāttvikatvaṃ ca jñeyam | kiṃ ca guṇa-catuṣṭayavattve 'pi apāvitrye sati sāttvika-priyatādarśanād atra pavitrā ity api viśeṣaṇaṃ deyam | tāmasa-priyeṣv amedhya-pada-darśanāt ||8||

baladevaḥ : tatra sāttvikāhāram āha āyuri iti | āyuś cira-jīvitam | sattvam citta-dhairyam | balaṃ deha-sāmarthyaṃ | sukhaṃ tṛptiḥ | prītir abhiruciḥ | etāsāṃ vivardhanāḥ ramyatvādi-guṇavantaḥ sa-gavya-śarkarāḥ śāli-godhūmādayaḥ sāttvikānāṃ priyās tair upādeyā ity arthaḥ | ramyā iti nīrasānāṃ caṇakādīnāṃ | snigdhā iti rukṣāṇāṃ guḍādīnāṃ | sthirā ity asthirāṇāṃ dugdha-phenādīnāṃ | hṛdyety ahṛdyānāṃ panasa-phalādīnāṃ ca vyāvṛttiḥ | kṣud-udarādy-ahitatvam ahṛdyatvam | atra pavitrā iti jñeyam | tāmasa-priyeṣv amedhya-pada-darśanāt ||8||

BhG 17.9

śrīdharaḥ : tathā kaṭv iti | ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | tenāti-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlo 'tilavaṇo 'tyuṣṇaś ca prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī saṛṣapādiḥ | atikaṭv-ādaya āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ priyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikaṃ hṛdaya-santāpādi | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ | etān pradadāti prayacchantīti tathā ||9||

madhusūdanaḥ : ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api yojanīyaḥ | kaṭus tiktaḥ | kaṭu-rasasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenoktatvāt | tatrātikaṭur nimbādiḥ | atyamlātilavaṇātyuṣṇāḥ prasiddhaḥ | ati-tīkṣṇo maricādiḥ | atirūkṣaḥ sneha-śūnyaḥ kaṅgu-kodravādiḥ | atividāhī santāpako rājikādiḥ | duḥkhaṃ tāt-kālikīṃ pīḍām | śokaṃ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayaṃ rogaṃ ca dhātu-vaiṣamya-dvārā pradadatīti tathā-vidhā āhārā rājasasyeṣṭāḥ | etair liṅgaiḥ rājasā jñeyāḥ sāttvikaiś caita upekṣaṇīyā ity arthaḥ ||9||

viśvanāthaḥ : ati-śabdaḥ kaṭv-ādiṣu saptasv api sambadhyate | ati-kaṭur nimbādiḥ | aty-amlavaṇoṣṇaḥ prasiddha eva | atitīkṣṇo mūlikā-viṣādir marīcy-ādyā vā | atirūkṣo hiṅgu-kodravādiḥ | vidāhī dāhakaro bhṛṣṭa-caṇakādiḥ | ete duḥkhādi-pradāḥ | tatra duḥkhaṃ tātkāliko rasanākaṇṭhādi-santāpaḥ | śokaḥ paścād-bhāvi-daurmanasyam | āmayo rogaḥ ||9||

baladevaḥ : rājasāhāram āha kaṭv iti | saptasv ati-śabdo yojyaḥ | ati-kaṭur iti tikto nimbādir na ca maricādis tasya tīkṣṇa-śabdenokter atyamlo 'tilavaṇo 'tyuṣṇaś ca | khyāto 'titīkṣṇo marīcy-ādir atirukṣaḥ kaṅgukādir atidāhī rājikādiḥ | ete rājasasyeṣṭāḥ, sāttvikānāṃ tu heyāḥ | duḥkhaṃ tātkālikaṃ jihvā kaṇṭhādi-śoṣaṇajam | śoko daurmanasyaṃ pāścātyam āmayo rudhira-kopaḥ |

BhG 17.10

śrīdharaḥ : tathā yāta-yāmam iti | yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmam | śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gatarasaṃ niṣpīḍita-sāram | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam anya-bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalañjy-ādi | evambhūtaṃ bhojanaṃ tāmasasya priyam ||10||

madhusūdanaḥ : yātayāmam ardha-pakvaṃ nirvīryasya gata-rasa-padenoktatvād iti bhāṣyam | gata-rasaṃ virasatāṃ prāptaṃ śuṣkam | yāta-yāmaṃ pakvaṃ sat praharādi-vyavahita-modanādi śaityaṃ prāptam | gata-rasaṃ uddhṛta-sāram mathita-dugdhādīty anye | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ pakvaṃ sad rātry-antaritam | cena tat-kālonmāda-karaṃ dhattūrādi samuccīyate | yad atiprasiddhaṃ duṣṭatvenocchiṣṭam bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam ayajñārham aśuci māṃsādi | api ceti vaidyaka-śāstroktam apathyaṃ samuccīyate | etādṛśaṃ yad bhojanaṃ bhojyaṃ tat tāmasasya priyaṃ sāttvikair atidūrād upekṣaṇīyam ity arthaḥ | etādṛśa-bhojanasya duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradatvam atiprasiddham iti kaṇṭhato noktam |

atra ca krameṇa rasyādi-vargaḥ sāttvikaḥ | kaṭv-ādi-vargo rājasaḥ | yāta-yāmādi-vargas tāmasa ity uktam āhāra-varga-trayam | tatra sāttvika-varga-virodhitvam itara-varga-dvaye draṣṭavyam | tathā hy atikaṭutvādikaṃ rasyatva-virodhitvāt sthiratva-virodhinī | atyuṣṇatvādikaṃ hṛdyatva-virodhi | āmaya-pradatvam āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-virodhi | duḥkha-śokaa-pradatvaṃ sukha-prīti-virodhi | evaṃ sāttvika-varga-virodhitvaṃ rājasa-varge spaṣṭam | tathā tāmasa-varge 'pi gata-rasatva-yātayāmatva-paryuṣitatvāni yathā-sambhavaṃ rasyatva-snighdhatva-sthiratva-virodhīni | pūtitvocchiṣṭatvāmedhyatvāni hṛdyatva-virodhīni | āyuḥ-sattvādi-virodhitvaṃ tu spaṣṭam eva | rājasa-varge dṛṣṭa-virodha-mātraṃ tāmasa-varge tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-virodha ity atiśayaḥ ||10||

viśvanāthaḥ : yāto yāmaḥ praharo yasya pakvasyaudanādes tad yāta-yāmaṃ śaityāvasthāṃ prāptam ity arthaḥ | gata-rasaṃ gata-svābhāvika-rasaṃ niṣpīḍita-rasam pakvāmratva-gaṣṭy-ādikaṃ vā | pūti durgandham | paryūṣitaṃ dināntara-pakvam | ucchiṣṭam gurvādibhyo 'nyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam | amedhyam abhakṣyaṃ kalajñādi | tataś caivaṃ paryālocya sva-hitaiṣibhiḥ sāttvika āhāraḥ sevya iti bhāvaḥ | vaiṣṇavais tu so 'pi bhagavad-aniveditas tyājya eva | bhagavan-niveditam annādikaṃ tu nirguṇa-bhakta-loka-priyam iti śrī-bhāgavatāj jñeyam ||10||

baladevaḥ : tāmasāhāram āha yāteti | yāto 'tikrānto yāmaḥ praharo yasya rāddhasyānnādes tad yātayāmam | gata-rasaṃ vairasyavat | pūtiḥ durgandham | paryuṣitaṃ pūrve 'hni rāddham ucchiṣṭaṃ guror anyeṣāṃ bhuktāvaśiṣṭam amedhyam apavitraṃ kalañjādi | īdṛg-bhojanaṃ tāmasānāṃ priyaṃ sāttvikānāṃ tv atidūrato heyam ||10||

BhG 17.11

śrīdharaḥ : yajño 'pi trividhaḥ | tatra sāttvikaṃ yajñam āha aphalākāṅkṣibhir iti | phalākāṅkṣā-rahitaiḥ puruṣair vidhinādiṣṭa āvaśyakatayā vihito yo yajña ijyate 'nuṣṭhīyate sa sāttviko yajñaḥ | katham ijyate | yaṣṭavyam eveti | yajñānuṣṭhānam eva kāryam | nānyat phalaṃ sādhanīyam ity evaṃ manaḥ samādhāyaikāgraṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||11||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ krama-prāptaṃ trividhaṃ yajñam āha aphaleti tribhiḥ | agnihotra-darśapūrṇamāsa-cāturmāsya-paśu-bandha-jyotiṣṭomādir yajño dvividhaḥ kāmyo nityaś ca | phala-saṃyogena coditaḥ kāmyaḥ sarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇaiva mukhya-kalpenānuṣṭheyaḥ | phala-saṃyogaṃ vinā jīvanādi-nimitta-saṃyogena coditaḥ sarvāṅgopasaṃhārāsambhave pratinidhy-ādy-upādānenāmukhya-kalpenāpy anuṣṭheyo nityaḥ | tatra sarvāṅgopasaṃhārāsambhave 'pi pratinidhim upādāyāvaśyaṃ yaṣṭavyam eva pratyavāya-parihārāyāyāvaśyaka-jīvanādi-nimittena coditatvād iti manaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : atha yajñasya traividhyam āha aphalākāṅkṣibhir iti | phalākāṅkṣā-rāhitye kathaṃ yajñe pravṛttir ata āha -- yaṣṭavyam eveti | svānuṣṭheyatvena śāstroktatvād avaśya-kartavyam etad iti manaḥ samādhāya ||11||

baladevaḥ : atha yajña-traividhyam āha aphaleti tribhiḥ | aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalecchā-śūnyair yo yajña ijyate kriyate vidhi-dṛṣṭo vidhi-vākyāj jātaḥ sa sāttvikaḥ | nanu phalecchāṃ vinā tatra kathaṃ pravṛttis tatrāha yaṣṭavyam eveti | māṃ prati vedenoktatvāt tat yajanam eva kāryaṃ, na tu tena phalaṃ sādhyam iti manaḥ samādhāyaikāgraṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ ||11||

BhG 17.12

śrīdharaḥ : rājasaṃ yajñam āha abhisandhāyeti | phalam abhisandhāyoddiśya tu yad ijyate yajñaḥ kriyate | dambhārthaṃ ca sva-mahattva-khyāpanārthaṃ ca | taṃ yajñaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi ||12||

madhusūdanaḥ : phalaṃ kāmyaṃ svargādi abhisandhāyoddiśya na tv antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhiḥ | tur nitya-prayoga-vailakṣaṇya-sūcanārthaḥ | dambho loke dhārmikatva-khyāpanaṃ tad-artham | api caiveti vikalpa-samuccayābhyāṃ traividhya-sūcanārtham | pāralaukikaṃ phalam abhisandhāyaivādambhārthatve 'pi pāralaukika-phalānabhisandhāne 'pi dambhārtham eveti vikalpena dvau pakṣau | pāralaukika-phalārtham apy aihalaukika-dambhārtham apīti samuccayenaikaḥ pakṣaḥ | evaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-phalābhisandhināntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhim anuddiśya yad ijyate yathā-śāstraṃ yo yajño 'nuṣṭhīyate taṃ yajñaṃ rājasaṃ viddhi hānāya | he bharata-śreṣṭheti yogyatva-sūcanam ||12||

BhG 17.13

śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ yajñam āha vidhi-hīnam iti | vidhi-hīnaṃ śāstrokta-vidhi-śūnyam asṛṣṭānnaṃ brāhmaṇādibhyo na sṛṣṭaṃ na niṣpāditam annaṃ yasmiṃs tam | mantrair hīnaṃ | yathokta-dakṣiṇā-rahitaṃ śraddhā-śūnyaṃ ca yajñaṃ tāmasaṃ paricakṣate kathayanti śiṣṭāḥ ||13||

madhusūdanaḥ : yathā-śāstra-bodhita-viparītam anna-dāna-hīnaṃ svarato varṇataś ca mantra-hīnaṃ yathokta-dakṣiṇā-hīnam ṛtvig-dveṣādinā śraddhā-rahitaṃ tāmasaṃ yajñaṃ paricakṣate śiṣṭāḥ | vidhi-hīnatvādy-ekaika-viśeṣaṇaḥ pañca-vidhaḥ sarva-viśeṣaṇa-samuccayena caika-vidha iti ṣaṭ | dvi-tri-catur-viśeṣaṇa-samuccayena ca bahavo bhedās tāmasa-yajñasya jñeyāḥ | rājase yajñe 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-abhāve 'pi phalotpādakam apūrvam asti yathā-śāstram anuṣṭhānāt | tāmase tv ayathā-śāstrānuṣṭhānān na kim apy apūrvam astīty atiśayaḥ ||13||

śrīdharaḥ : tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ darśayituṃ prathamaṃ tāvat śārīrādi-bhedena tasya traividhyam āha devety ādi tribhiḥ | tatra śārīram āha deveti | prājñā guru-vyaktiriktā anye 'pi tattva-vidaḥ | deva-brāhmaṇādi-pūjanaṃ śaucādikaṃ ca śārīraṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ tapa ucyate ||14||

madhusūdanaḥ : krama-prāptasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ kathayituṃ śārīra-vācika-mānasa-bhedena tasya travidhyam āha tribhiḥ deveti | devā brahma-viṣṇu-śiva-sūryāgni-durgādayaḥ | dvijā dvijottamā brāhmaṇāḥ | guravaḥ pitṛ-mātr-ācāryādayaḥ | prājñāḥ paṇḍitāḥ vidita-veda-tad-upakaraṇārthāḥ | teṣāṃ pūjanaṃ praṇāma-śuśrūṣādi yathā-śāstraṃ | śaucaṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ śarīra-śodhanam | ārjavam akauṭilyaṃ bhāva-saṃśuddhi-śabdena mānase tapasi vakṣyati | śārīraṃ tv ārjavaṃ vihita-pratiṣiddhayor eka-rūpa-pravṛtti-nivṛtti-śālitvam | brahmacaryaṃ niṣiddha-maithuna-nivṛttiḥ | ahiṃsā-śāstrīya-prāṇi-pīḍanābhāvaḥ | ca-kārād asteyāparigrahāv api | śārīraṃ śarīra-pradhānaiḥ kartrādibhiḥ sādhyaṃ na tu kevalena śarīreṇa | pañcaite tasya hetava iti hi vakṣyati | itthaṃ śārīraṃ tapa ucyate ||14||

baladevaḥ : krama-prāptasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedaṃ vaktuṃ tasyādau śārīrādi-bhāvena traividhyam āha deveti tribhiḥ | devā vasu-rudrādayo dvijā brāhmaṇa-śreṣṭhā guravo mātṛ-pitṛ-deśikāḥ prājñā vidita-veda-vedāṅgāḥ pare 'tra teṣāṃ pūjanam | śaucaṃ dvividham uktam | ārjavaṃ vihita-niṣiddhayor aikya-rūpyeṇa pravṛtti-nivṛttatvam | brahmacaryaṃ vihita-maithunaṃ ca | etac chārīraṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||14||

BhG 17.15

śrīdharaḥ : vācikaṃ tapa āha anudvegakaram iti | udvegaṃ bhayaṃ na karotīty anudvegakaraṃ vākyam | satyaṃ śrotuḥ priyam | hitaṃ ca pariṇāme sukha-karam | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ vedābhyāsaś ca vāṅ-mayaṃ vācā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||15||

madhusūdanaḥ : anudvega-karaṃ na kasyacid duḥkha-karaṃ, satyaṃ pramāṇa-mūlam abādhitārtham | priyaṃ śrotus tat-kāla-śruti-sukhaṃ hitaṃ pariṇāme sukha-karam | ca-kāro viśeṣaṇānāṃ samucchayārthaḥ | anudvega-karatvādi-viśeṣaṇa-catuṣṭayena viśiṣṭaṃ na tv ekenāpi viśeṣaṇena nyūnam | yad vākyaṃ yathā śānto bhava vatsa svādhyāyaṃ yogaṃ cānutiṣṭha tathā te śreyo bhaviṣyatīty ādi tad vāṅ-mayaṃ vācikaṃ tapaḥ śārīravat | svādhyāyābhyasanaṃ ca yathā-vidhi vedābhyāsaś ca vāṅ-mayaṃ tapa ucyate | eva-kāraḥ

baladevaḥ : anudvegakaram udvegaṃ bhayaṃ kasyāpi yan na karoti | satyaṃ pramāṇikam | śrotuḥ priyam | pariṇāme hitaṃ ca | etad-viśeṣaṇa-catuṣṭayavad-vākyaṃ tathā svādhyāyasya vedābhyasanaṃ ca vāṅ-mayaṃ vācā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||15||

BhG 17.16

śrīdharaḥ : mānasaṃ tapa āha manaḥ-prasāda iti | manasaḥ prasādaḥ svacchatā | saumatvam akrūratā | maunaṃ muner bhāvaḥ | mananam ity arthaḥ | ātmano manaso vinigraho viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhāraḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhir vyavahāre māyā-rāhityam | ity etan mānasaṃ tapaḥ ||16||

madhusūdanaḥ : manasaḥ prasādaḥ svacchatā viṣaya-cintā-vyākulatva-rāhityam | saumyatvaṃ saumasyaṃ sarva-loka-hitaiṣitvaṃ pratiṣiddhācintanaṃ ca | maunaṃ muni-bhāva ekāgratayātma-cintanaṃ nididhyāsanākhyaṃ vāk-saṃyama-hetur manaḥ-saṃyamo maunam iti bhāṣyam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano manaso viśeṣeṇa sarva-vṛtti-nigraho nirodha-samādhir asamprajñātaḥ | bhāvasya hṛdayasya śuddhiḥ kāma-krodha-lobhādi-mala-nivṛttiḥ | punar aśuddhy-utpāda-rāhityena samyaktvena viśiṣṭā sā bhāva-śuddhiḥ | paraiḥ saha vyavahāra-kāle māyā-rāhityaṃ seti bhāṣyam | ity etad evaṃ-prakāraṃ tapo mānasam ucyate ||16||

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.

baladevaḥ : manasaḥ prasādaḥ vaimalyaṃ viṣaya-smṛty-avaiyagryam | saumatvam akrauryam sarva-sukhecchrutvam | maunam ātma- mananam | ātmano manaso vinigraho viṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhāraḥ | bhāva-saṃśuddhir vyavahāre niṣkapaṭatā | ity etan mānasā nirvartyaṃ tapaḥ ||16||

BhG 17.17

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manobhir nirvartyaṃ trividhaṃ tapo darśitam | tasya trividhasyāpi tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam āha śraddhayetyādi-tribhiḥ | tat trividham api tapaḥ parayā śreṣṭhayā śraddhayā phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narais taptaṃ sāttvikaṃ kathayanti ||17||

madhusūdanaḥ : śārīra-vācika-mānasa-bhedena trividhasyoktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikādi-bhedena traividhyam idānīṃ darśayati śraddhayeti tribhiḥ | tat-pūrvoktaṃ trividhaṃ śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ca tapaḥ śraddhayāstikya-buddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayāprāmāṇya-śaṅkākalaṅka-śūnyayā phalābhisandhi-śūnyair yuktaiḥ samāhitaiḥ siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikārair narair adhikāribhis taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikaṃ paricakṣate śiṣṭāḥ ||17||

baladevaḥ : uktasya tapasaḥ sāttvikāditayā traividhyam āha śraddhayeti-tribhiḥ | tad uktaṃ trividhaṃ tapaḥ phalākāṅkṣā-śūnyair yuktair ekāgra-cittair narair parayā śraddhayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ sāttvikam ||17||

BhG 17.18

śrīdharaḥ : rājasam āha sat-kāreti | sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayam iti tāpaso 'yam ity ādi vāk-pūjā | mānaḥ pratutthānābhivādanādir daihikī pūjā | pūjārtha-lābhādiḥ | etad-arthaṃ dambhena ca yat tapaḥ kriyate | ataeva calam aniyatam | adhruvaṃ ca kṣaṇikam | yad evambhūtaṃ tapas tad iha rājasaṃ proktam ||18||

madhusūdanaḥ : satkāraḥ sādhur ayaṃ tapasvī brāhmaṇa ity evam avivekibhiḥ kriyamāṇā stutiḥ | mānaḥ pratyutthānābhivādanādiḥ | pūjā pāda-prakṣālanārcana-dhana-dānādiḥ | tad-arthaṃ dambhenaiva ca kevalaṃ dharma-dhvajitvenaiva ca na tv āstikya-buddhyā yat tapaḥ kriyate tad rājasaṃ proktaṃ śiṣṭaiḥ | ihāsminn eva loke phaladaṃ na pāralaukikaṃ calam atyalpa-kāla-sthāyi-phalam | adhruvaṃ phala-janakatā-niyama-śūnyam ||18||

viśvanāthaḥ : sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayam ity anyaḥ kartavyā vāk-pūjā | mānaḥ pratutthānābhivādanādibhir anyaiḥ kartavyā daihikī pūjā | pūjā anyair dīyamānair dhanādibhir bhāvinī vā mānasī pūjā tad artham | dambhena ca yat kriyate tad rājasaṃ tapaḥ | calam kiñcit-kālikam | adhruvam aniyata-satkārādi-phalakam ||18||

baladevaḥ : sat-kāraḥ sādhur ayaṃ tapasvīti stutiḥ | mānaḥ pratutthānādir ādaraḥ | pūjā caraṇa-prakṣālana-dhan-dānadis tad-arthaṃ yat tapo dambhena ca kriyate tad rājasaṃ proktam | calaṃ kiñcit-kālikam | adhruvam aniyata-satkārādi-phalakam ||18||

BhG 17.19

śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ tapa āha mūḍheti | mūḍha-grāheṇāviveka-kṛtena durāgraheṇātmanā pīḍayā yat tapaḥ kriyate | parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā anyasya vināśārtham abhicāra-rūpaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtaṃ kathitam ||19||

viśvanāthaḥ : mūḍha-grāheṇa mauḍhya-grahaṇena | parasyotsādanārthaṃ vināśārtham ||19||

BhG 17.20

śrīdharaḥ : pūrvaṃ pratijñātam eva dānasya traividhyam āha dātavyam iti | dātavyam evety evaṃ niścayena yad dānaṃ dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakāra-samarthāya | deśe kurukṣetrādau kāle grahaṇādau | pātre ceti deśa-kāla-sāhacaryāt saptamī prayuktā | pātre pātra-bhūtāya tapaḥ-śrutādi-sampannāya brāhmaṇāyety arthaḥ | yad vā pātra iti tṛj-antam | rakṣakāyety arthaḥ | caturthy evaiṣā | sa hi sarvasmād āpad-gaṇād dātāraṃ pātīti pātā | tasmai yad evambhūtaṃ dānaṃ tat sāttvikam ||20||

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ krama-prāptasya dānasya traividhyaṃ darśayati dātavyam iti tribhiḥ | dātavyam eva śāstra-condanā-vaśād ity evaṃ niścayena na tu phalābhisandhinā yad dānaṃ tulā-puruṣādi dīyate 'nupakāriṇe pratyupakārājanakāya | deśe puṇye kurukṣetrādau kāle ca puṇye sūryoparāgādau | pātre ceti caturthy-arthe saptamī | kīdṛśāyānupakāriṇe dīyate pātrāya ca vidyā-tapo-yuktāya | pātra rakṣakāyeti vā | vidyā-tapobhyām ātmano dātuś ca pālana-kṣama eva pratigṛhṇīyād iti śāstrāt | tad evaṃ-bhūtaṃ dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ smṛtam ||20||

viśvanāthaḥ : dātavyam ity evaṃ niścayena | na tu phalābhisandhinā yad dānam ||20||

baladevaḥ : atha dānasya traividhyam āha dātavyam iti | niścayena yad dānam anupakāriṇe pātre vidyā-tapobhyāṃ dātū rakṣakāya brāhmaṇāya yad dīyate tad dānaṃ sāttvikam | anupakāriṇe pratyupakāram anuddiśyety arthaḥ | deśe tīrthe kāle ca saṅkrānty-ādau ||20||

BhG 17.21

śrīdharaḥ : rājasaṃ dānam āha yad iti | kālāntare 'yaṃ māṃ pratyupakariṣyatīty evam arthaṃ phalaṃ vā svargādikam uddiśya yat punar dānaṃ dīyate parikliṣṭaṃ citta-kleśa-yuktaṃ yathā bhavati evambhūtaṃ tad dānaṃ rājasam udāhṛtam ||21||

viśvanāthaḥ : para-kliṣṭaṃ katham etāvad vyayitam iti paścāt-tāpa-yuktam | yad vā ditsāyāṃ abhāve 'pi gurv-ādyājñānrodha-vaśād eva dattam | parikliṣṭam akalyāṇa-dravya-karmakam ||21||

baladevaḥ : yat tu pratupakārārthaṃ dṛṣṭa-phalārthaṃ phalaṃ vā svargādikam adṛṣṭam uddiśyānusandhāya dīyate tad dānaṃ rājasam | parikliṣṭaṃ katham etāvad vyayitavyam iti paścāt-tāpa-yuktaṃ yathā syāt tathā guru-vākyānurodhād vā yad dīyate tad rājasam ||21||

BhG 17.22

śrīdharaḥ : tāmasaṃ dānam āha adeśeti | adeśe 'śuci-sthāne | akāle aśaucādi-samaye | apātrebhyo viṭa-naṭa-nartakādibhyaḥ | yad dānaṃ dīyate deśa-kāla-pātra-sampattāv apy asat-kṛtaṃ pāda-prakṣālanādi-satkāra-śūnyam | avajñātaṃ pātra-tiraskāra-yuktam | evambhūtaṃ dānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||

madhusūdanaḥ : adeśe svato durjana-saṃsargād vā pāpa-hetāv aśuci-sthāne | akāle puṇya-hetutvenāprasiddhe yasmin kasmiṃścit | aśauca-kāle vā | apātrebhyaś ca vidyā-tapo-rahitebhyo naṭa-viṭādibhyo yad dānaṃ dīyate deśa-kāla-pātra-sampattāv api asat-kṛtaṃ priya-bhāṣaṇa-pāda-prakṣālana-pūjādi-satkāra-śūnyam avajñānaṃ pātra-paribhava-yuktaṃ ca tad dānaṃ tāmasam udāhṛtam ||22||

baladevaḥ : adeśe 'śuci-sthāne | akāle 'śuci-samaye | yad apātrebhyo naṭādibhyo dīyate, deśādi-sampattāv api yad asatkṛtaṃ caraṇa-prakṣālanādi-satkāra-śūnyam avajñātaṃ tūṅkārādy-anādara-bhāṣaṇopetaṃ ca yad dānaṃ tat tāmasam ||22||

BhG 17.23-24

śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ vicāryamāṇe sarvam api yajña-tapo-dānādi rājasa-tāmasa-prāyam eveti vyartho yajñādi-prayāsa ity āśaṅkya tathāvidhasyāpi sāttvikatvopapādanāt prakāraṃ darśayitum āha om iti | oṃ tat sad iti trividho brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano nirdeśo nāma-vyapadeśaḥ smṛtaḥ śiṣṭaiḥ | tatra tāvad om iti brahma ity ādi śruti-prasiddher om iti brahmaṇo nāma | jagat-kāraṇatvenāti-prasiddhatvād aviduṣāṃ parokṣatvāc ca tac-chabdo 'pi brahmaṇo nāma | paramārtha-sattva-sādhutva-praśastatvādibhiḥ sac-chabdo 'pi brahmaṇo nāma | sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt ity ādi śruteḥ | ayaṃ trividho 'pi nāma nirdeśena brāhmaṇāś ca vedāś ca yajñāś purā sṛṣṭy-ādau vihitā vidhātrā nirmitāḥ | saguṇī-kṛtā iti vā | yathā yasyāyaṃ trividho nirdeśas tena paramātmanā brāhmaṇādayaḥ pavitratamāḥ sṛṣṭāḥ | tasmāt tasyāyaṃ trividho nirdeśo 'tipraśasta ity arthaḥ ||23||

idānīṃ pratyekam oṅkārādīnāṃ prāśastyaṃ darśayiṣyann oṅkārasya tad evāha tasmād iti | yasmād evaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ praśastas tasmād om ity udāhṛtya uccārya kṛtā veda-vādināṃ yajñādyāḥ śāstroktāḥ kriyāḥ satataṃ sarvadā aṅga-vaikalye 'pi prakarṣeṇa vartante | saguṇā bhavantīty arthaḥ ||24||

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam āhāra-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhya-kathanena sāttvikāni tāny ādeyāni rājasa-tāmasāni tu parihartavyānīty uktam | tatrāhārasya dṛṣṭārthatvena nāsty aṅga-vaiguṇyena phalābhāva-śaṅkā | yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ tv adṛṣṭārthānām aṅga-vaiguṇyād apūrvānutpattau phalābhāvaḥ syād iti sāttvikānī̀am api teṣām ānarthakyaṃ prāptaṃ pramāda-bahulatvād anuṣṭhātṝṇām atas tad-vaiguṇya-parihārārya oṃ tat sad iti bhagavan-nāmoccāraṇa-rūpaṃ sāmānya-prāyaścittaṃ parama-kāruṇikatayopadiśati bhagavān om iti | oṃ tat sad ity evaṃ-rūpo brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano nirdeśo nirdiśyate 'neneti nirdeśaḥ pratipādaka-śabdo nāmeti yāvat | trividhas tisro vidhā avayavā yasya sa trividhaḥ smṛto vedānta-vidbhiḥ | eka-vacanāt try-avayavam ekaṃ nāma praṇavavat | yasmāt pūrvair maharṣibhir ayaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ smṛtas tasmād idānīntanair api smartavya iti vidhir atra kalpyate | vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathama-bhakṣa ity ādiṣv iva vacanāni tv apūrvatvād iti nyāyāt | yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyā-saṃyogāc cāsya tad avaiguṇyam eva phalaṃ ##ṣṭāśva-dagdha-ratha-vat-parasparākāṅkṣayā kalpyate |

iti smṛtes tathaiva śiṣṭācārāc ca | brahmaṇo nirdeśaḥ stūyate karma-vaiguṇya-parihāra-sāmarthya-kathanāya | brāhmaṇā iti traivarṇikopalakṣaṇam | brāhmaṇādyāḥ kartāro vedāḥ karaṇāni yajñāḥ karmāṇi tena brahmaṇo nirdeśena karaṇa-bhūtena purā vihitāḥ prajāpatinā | tasmād yajñādi-sṛṣṭi-hetutvena tad-vaiguṇya-parihāra-samartho mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ nirdeśa ity arthaḥ ||23||

idānīm a-kāra-u-kāra-ma-kāra-vyākhyānena tat-samudāyoṃkāra-vyākhyānavad oṃkāra-tac-chabda-sac-chabda-vyākhyānena tat-samudāya-rūpaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśaṃ stuty-atiśayāya vyākhyātum ārabhate caturbhiḥ | tatra prathamam oṃkāraṃ vyācaṣṭe tasmād iti | yasmād om iti brahma ity ādiṣu śrutiṣv om iti brahmaṇo nāma prasiddhaṃ tasmād om ity udāhṛtyoṃkāroccāraṇānantaraṃ vidhānoktā vidhi-śāstra-bodhitā brahma-vādināṃ veda-vādināṃ yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ satataṃ pravartante prakṛṣṭatayā vaiguṇya-rāhityena vartante | yasyaikāvayavoccāraṇād apy avaiguṇyaṃ kiṃ punas tasya sarvasyoccāraṇād iti stuty-atiśayaḥ ||24||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad evaṃ tapo-yajñādīnāṃ traividhyaṃ sāmānyato manuṣya-mātram adhikṛtyoktam | tatra ye sāttvikeṣv api madhye brahma-vādinas teṣāṃ tu brahma-nirdeśa-pūrvakā eva yajñādayo bhavantīty āha oṃ tat sad ity evaṃ brahmaṇo nirdeśo nāmnā vyapadeśaḥ smṛtaḥ | śiṣṭair deśitaḥ | tatra om iti sarva-śrutiṣu prasiddham eva brahmaṇo nāma | jagat-kāraṇatvenātiprasiddher atan-nirasanena ca prasiddhes tad iti ca | sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt iti śruteḥ sad iti ca | yasmāt oṃ tat sat śabda-vācyena brahmaṇaiva brāhmaṇā vedā yajñāś ca vihitāḥ kṛtās tasmāt om iti brahmaṇo nāmodāhṛtyoccārya vartamānānāṃ brahma-vādināṃ

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ tapo-yajña-tapo-dānānāṃ traividhya-kathanena sāttvikānāṃ teṣām upadeyatvaṃ, rājasādīnāṃ heyatvaṃ ca darśitam | atha sāttvikādhikāriṇāṃ yajñādīni viṣṇu-nāma-pūrvakāṇy evabhavantīty ucyate om iti | om ity ādikas trividho brahmaṇo viṣṇor nirdeśo nāma-dheyaṃ śiṣṭaiḥ smṛtaḥ | om ity etad brahmaṇo nediṣṭaṃ nāma iti śruteḥ | om ity ekaṃ nāma | tat tvam asi iti śruteḥ tad iti dvitīyaṃ nāma | sad eva saumya iti śruteḥ sad iti tṛtīyaṃ nāma | upalakṣaṇam idam | viṣṇv-ādi-nāmnāṃ tena trividhena nirdeśena brāhmaṇā vedā yajñāś ca purā caturmukhena vihitāḥ prakaṭitās tasmān mahā-prabhāvo 'yaṃ nirdeśas tat-pūrvakāṇāṃ yajñādīnāṃ nāṅga-vaiguṇyam | tena phala-vaiguṇyaṃ ca neti ||23||

yasmād evaṃ tasmād om iti nirdeśam udāhṛtyoccāryānuṣṭhitā brahma-vādināṃ sāttvikānāṃ trai-varṇikānāṃ yajñādyāḥ kriyāḥ pravartante | aṅga-vaikalye 'pi sāṅgatāṃ bhajantīti ||24||

BhG 17.25

śrīdharaḥ : dvitīyaṃ nāma prastautīti tad iti tad ity udāhṛtya iti pūrvasyānuṣaṅgaḥ | tad ity udāhṛtyoccārya śuddha-cittair mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ puruṣaiḥ phalābhisandhim akṛtvā yajñādyāḥ kriyāḥ kriyante | ataś citta-śodhana-dvāreṇa phala-saṅkalpa-tyajanena mumukṣutva-sampādakatvāt tac-chabda-nirdeśaḥ praśasta ity arthaḥ ||25||

madhusūdanaḥ : dvitīyaṃ tac-chabdaṃ vyācaṣṭe tad iti | tattvam asi ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ tad iti brahmaṇo nāmodāhṛtya phalam anabhisandhāyāntaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhy-arthaṃ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyā dāna-kriyāś ca vividhā mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ kriyante tasmād atipraśastam etat ||25||

viśvanāthaḥ : tad ity udāhṛtyeti pūrvasyānuṣaṅgaḥ | anabhisandhāya phalābhisandhim akṛtvā ||25||

baladevaḥ : tad iti nirdeśam udāhṛtya phalam anabhisandhāya yajñādī-kriyā mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhis taiḥ kriyante anuṣṭhīyante | niṣkāmatayā mumukṣā-sampādanān mahā-prabhāvas tac-chabdaḥ ||26||

BhG 17.26-27

śrīdharaḥ : sac-chabdasya prāśastyam āha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve 'stitve | deva-dattasya putrādikam astīty asminn arthe | sādhu-bhāve ca sādhutve | deva-dattasya putrādi śreṣī̀oham ity asminn arthe | sad ity etat padaṃ prayujyate | praśaste māṅgalike vivāhādi-karmaṇi ca sad idaṃ karmeti sac-chabdo yujyate prayujyate | saṅgacchata iti vā ||26||

kiṃ ca yajña iti | yajñādiṣu ca yā sthitis tātparyenāvasthānaṃ tad api sad ity ucyate | yasya cedaṃ nāma-trayaṃ sa eva paramātmā arthaḥ phalaṃ yasya tat-tad-arthaṃ karma-pūjopahāra-gṛhāṅgana-parimārjanopalepana-raṅga-māṅgalikādi-kriyā tat-siddhaye yad anyat karma kriyata udyāna-śāli-kṣetra-dhanārjanādi-viṣayaṃ tat karma tad-arthīyam | tac cātivyavahitam api sad ity evābhidhīyate | yasmād evam ati-praśastam etan nāma-trayaṃ tasmād etat sarva-karma-sādguṇyārthaṃ kīrayed iti tātparyārthaḥ | atra cārthavādānupapattyā vidhiḥ kalpyate | vidheyaṃ stūyate vastv iti nyāyāt | apare tu pravartante vidhinoktāḥ kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ ity ādi vartamānopadeśaḥ samidhā yajatīty ādivad vidhitayā pariṇamanīya ity āhuḥ | tat tu sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve cety ādiṣu prāptārthatvān na saṅgacchata iti pūrvokta-krameṇa vidhi-kalpanaiva jyāyasī ||27||

madhusūdanaḥ : tṛtīyaṃ sac-cabdaṃ vyācaṣṭe sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad eva somyedam agra āsīt ity ādi-śruti-prasiddhaṃ sad ity etad brahmaṇo nāma sad-bhāve 'vidyamānatva-śaṅkāyāṃ vidyamānatve sādhu-bhāve cāsādhutva-śaṅkāyāṃ sādhutve caprayujyate śiṣṭaiḥ | tasmād vaiguṇya-parihāreṇa yajñādeḥ sādhutvaṃ tat-phalasya ca vidyamānatvaṃ kartuṃ kṣamam etad ity arthaḥ | tathā sad-bhāva-sādhu-bhāvayor iva praśaste 'pratibandhenāśu-sukha-janake māṅgalike karmaṇi vivāhādau sac-chabdo he pārtha yujyate prayujyate | tasmād apratibandhenāśu-phala-janakatvaṃ vaiguṇya-parihāreṇa yajñādeḥ samartham etan nāmeti praśastataram etad ity arthaḥ ||26||

yajñe tapasi dāne ca yā sthitis tat-paratayāvasthitir niṣṭhā sāpi sad ity ucyate vidvadbhiḥ | karma caiva tad-arthīyaṃ teṣu yajña-dāna-tapo-rūpeṣv artheṣu bhavaṃ tad-anukūlam eva ca karma tad-arthīyaṃ bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇaṃ karma vā tad-arthīyaṃ sad ity evābhidhīyate | tasmāt sad iti nāma karma-vaiguṇyāpanodana-samarthaṃ praśastataram | yasyaikaiko 'vayavo 'py etādṛśaḥ kiṃ vaktavyaṃ tat-samudāyasya oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśasya māhātmyam iti saṃpiṇḍitārthaḥ ||27||

viśvanāthaḥ : brahma-vācakaḥ sac-chabdaḥ praśasteṣv api vartate | tasmāt praśasta-mātre karmaṇi prākṛte 'prākṛte 'pi sac-chabdaḥ prayoktavya ity āśayenāha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve brahmatve sādhu-bhāve brahma-vāditve prayujyate saṅgacchata ity arthaḥ | yajñādau sthitir yajñādi-tātparyeṇāvasthānam ity arthaḥ | tad-arthīyaṃ karma brahmacaryopayogi yat karma bhagavan-mandira-mārjanādikam tad api ||26-27||

baladevaḥ : sad iti nirdeśaḥ praśasteṣv arthāntareṣu vartate tasmāt praśaste karma-mātre sa prayojya iti bhāvenāha sad-bhāva iti dvābhyām | sad-bhāve brahma-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca brahma-jñatve 'bhidhāyakatayā sac-chabdaḥ prayujyate sad eva saumya ity ādau | satāṃ prasaṅgāt ity ādau ca | tathā praśaste upanayana-vivāhādike ca māṅgalike karmaṇi sac-chabdo yujyate saṅgacchate | yajñādau yā teṣāṃ sthitis tātparyeṇāvasthitis tad api sad ity ucyate | yasyedaṃ nāma-trayaṃ tad-arthīyaṃ karma ca tan-mandira-nirmāṇa-tad-vimārjanādi sad ity abhidhīyate | atra trividho 'yaṃ nirdeśaḥ smartavya iti vidhiḥ kalpyate | vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathamaṃ bhakṣyaḥ ity ādāv iva vacanāni tv apūrvatvād iti nyāyād yajña-dānādi-saṃyogāc cāsya tad-vaiguṇyam eva phalam |

pramādāt kurvatāṃ karma pracyavetādhvareṣu yat | smaraṇād eva tad viṣṇoḥ sampūrṇaṃ syād iti śrutiḥ || iti smaraṇāc ca ||26-27||

BhG 17.28

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sarva-karmasu śraddhayaiva praṛtty-artham aśraddhayā kṛtaṃ sarvaṃ nindati aśraddhayeti | aśraddhayā hutaṃ havanam | dattaṃ dānam | tapas taptaṃ nirvartitam | yac cānyad api kṛtaṃ karma | tat sarvam asad ity ucyate yatas tat pretya lokāntare na phalati viguṇatvāt | no iha na ca asmin loke phalati ayaśaskatvāt |

iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ

madhusūdanaḥ : yady ālasyādinā śāstrīyaṃ vidhim utsṛjya śraddadhānatayaiva vṛddha-vyavahāra-mātreṇa yajña-tapo-dānādi kurvatāṃ pramādād vaiguṇyaṃ prāpta oṃ tat sad iti brahma-nirdeśena tat-parihāras tarhy aśraddadhānatayā śāstrīyaṃ vidhim utsṛjya kāma-kāreṇa yat kiṃcid yajñādi kurvatām asurāṇām api tenaiva vaiguṇya-parihāraḥ syād iti kṛtaṃ śraddhayā sāttvikatva-hetu-bhūtayety ata āha aśraddhayeti | aśraddhayā yad dhutaṃ havanaṃ kṛtam agnau dattaṃ yad brāhmaṇebhyo yat tapas taptaṃ yac cānyat karma kṛtaṃ stuti-namaskārādi tat sarvam aśraddhayā kṛtam asad asādhv ity ucyate | ata eva oṃ tat sad iti nirdeśena na tasya sādhu-bhāvaḥ śakyate kartuṃ sarvathā tad-ayogyatvāc chilāyā ivāṅkuraḥ |

tat kasmād asad ity ucyate śṛṇu he pārtha | co hetau | yasmāt tad-aśraddhākṛtaṃ na pretya para-loke phalati viguṇatvenāpūrvājanakatvāt | no iha nāpīha loke yaśaḥ sādhubhir ninditatvāt | ata aihikāmuṣmika-phala-vikalatvād aśraddhā-kṛtasya sāttvikyā śraddhayaiva sāttvikaṃ yajñādi kuryād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhaye | tādṛśasyaiva śraddhā-pūrvakasya sāttvikasya yajñāder daivād vaiguṇya-śaṅkāyāṃ brahmaṇo nāma-nirdeśena sādguṇyaṃ sampādanīyam iti paramārthaḥ | śraddhā-pūrvakam asāttvikam api yajñādi viguṇaṃ brahmaṇo nāma-nirdeśena sāttvikaṃ sa-guṇaṃ ca sampāditaṃ bhavatīti bhāṣyam |

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām śraddhā-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||17||

viśvanāthaḥ : sat karma śrutam | tathāsat karma kim ity apekṣāyām āha aśraddayeti | hutaṃ havanam | dattaṃ dānam | tapas taptaṃ kṛtam | yad anyac cāpi karma kṛtaṃ tat sarvam asad iti hutam apy ahutam eva | dattam apy adattam eva | tapo 'py ataptam eva kṛtam apy akṛtam eva | yatas tat na pretya na para-loke phalati nāpīha-loke phalati ||28||

||17||

baladevaḥ : atha sāttvikyā śraddhayā sarveṣu karmasu pravartitavyam | tayā vinā sarvaṃ vyartham iti nindati aśraddhayeti | hutaṃ homo | dattaṃ dānam | taptam anuṣṭhitaṃ yac cānyad api stuti-praṇaty-ādi-karma kṛtaṃ, tat sarvam asan nindyam ity ucyate | kuta ity atrāha na ceti | hetau ca-śabdo yato 'śraddhayā kṛtaṃ, tat pretya para-loke na phalati viguṇāt tasmāt pūrvānutpatter nāpīha loke kīrtiḥ sadbhir ninditatvāt ||28||

iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye saptadaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||17||

Bhagavadgita 18

BhG 18.1

Śrīdhara :

atra ca -

sarva-karmāṇi manasā

sannyāsa-yoga-yuktātmā (Gītā 9.28)

ity ādiṣu karma-sannyāsa upadiṣṭaḥ | tathā -

ity ādiṣu ca phala-mātra-tyāgena karmānuṣṭhānam upadiṣṭam | na ca paraspara-viruddhaṃ sarvajñaḥ parama-kāruṇiko bhagavān upadiśet | ataḥ karma-sannyāsasya tad-anuṣṭhānasya cāvirodha-prakāraṃ bubhutsur arjuna uvāca sannyāsasyeti | bho hṛṣīkeśa sarvendriya-niyāmaka | he keśī-nisūdana keśī-nāmno mahato hayākṛteḥ daityasya yuddhe mukhaṃ vyādāya bhakṣayitum āgacchato atyantaṃ vyātte mukhe vāma-bāhuṃ praveśya tat-kṣaṇam eva vivṛddhena tenaiva bāhunā karkaṭikā-phalavat taṃ vidārya nisūditavān | ataeva he mahābāho iti sambodhanam | sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag vivekena veditum icchāmi ||1||

Viśvanātha :

anantarādhyāye -

ity atra bhagavad-vākye mokṣa-kāṅkṣi-śabdena sannyāsina eva ucyante | anye vā yady anya eva te, tarhi - sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān iti (Gītā 12.11) tvad-uktānāṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgināṃ teṣāṃ sa tyāgaḥ kaḥ | sannyāsināṃ ca ko sa sannyāsa iti vivekato jijñāsur āha sannyāsasyeti | pṛthag iti yadi sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdau bhinnārthau tadā sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag veditum icchāmi | yadi tv ekārthau tāv api tvan-mate anya-mate vā tayor aikyārtham arthād ekārthatvam iti pṛthag veditum icchāmi | he hṛṣīkeśeti mad-buddheḥ pravartakatvāt tvam eva imaṃ sandeha-mukhāpayasi | keśi-nisūdana iti taṃ ca sandehaṃ tvam eva keśinam iva vidārayasīti bhāvaḥ | mahābāho iti tvaṃ mahā-bāhu-balānvito 'haṃ kiñcid bāhubalānvita ity etad aṃśenaiva mayā saha sakhyaṃ tava | na tu sārvajñyādibhir aṃśair atas tvad-datta-kiñcit-sakhya-bhāvād eva praśne mama niḥśaṅkateti bhāvaḥ ||1||

Baladeva :

sarva-karmāṇi manasā sannyasyāste sukhaṃ vaśī | (Gītā 5.13) ity ādau sannyāsa-śabdena kim uktam -- tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ (Gītā 4.20) ityādau tyāga-śabdena ca kim uktaṃ bhagavatā tatra sandihāno 'rjunaḥ pṛcchati sannyāsasyeti | sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdau śaila-taru-śabdāv iva vijātīyārthau kiṃ vā kuru-pāṇḍava-śabdāv iva sajātīyārthau | yady ādyas tarhi sannyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthag-veditum icchāmi | yadyantas tarhi tatrāvāntaropādhi-mātraṃ bhedakaṃ bhāvi, tac ca veditum icchāmi | he mahābāho kṛṣṇa hṛṣīkeśeti dhī-vṛtti-prerakatvāt tvam eva mat-sandeham utpādayasi | keśi-nisūdaneti tvaṃ mat-sandehaṃ keśinam iva vināśayeti ||1||

BhG 18.2

Śrīdhara : tatrottaraṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca - kāmyānām iti | kāmyānāṃ putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajetety evam ādi kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ parityāgaṃ sannyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ | samyak-phalaiḥsaha sarva-karmaṇām api nyāsaṃ sannyāsaṃ paṇḍitā vidur jānantīty arthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nitya-naimittikānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phala-mātra-tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā nipuṇāḥ | na tu svarūpataḥ karma-tyāgam |

nanu nitya-naimittikānāṃ phalāśravaṇād avidyamānasya phalasya kathaṃ tyāgaḥ syāt | nahi bandhyāyāḥ putra-tyāgaḥ sambhavanti |

ucyate yadyapi svarga-kāmaḥ paśukāma ity ādivad aharahaḥ sandhyām upāsīta yāvaj-jīvam agnihotraṃ juhotīty ādiṣu phala-viśeṣo na śrūyate tathāpy apuruṣārthe vyāpāre prekṣāvantaṃ pravartayitum aśaknuvan vidhir viśvajitā yajetety ādiṣv iva sāmānyataḥ kim api phalam ākṣipaty eva | na cātīva-gurum ataḥ śraddhayā sva-siddhir eva vidheḥ prayojanam iti mantavyam | puruṣa-pravṛtty-anupapatter duṣparaharatvāt | śrūyate ca nityādiṣv api phalam - sarva ete puṇya-lokā bhavatīti | karmaṇā pitṛ-loka iti | dharmeṇa pāpam apanudanti ity evam ādiṣu | tasmād yuktam uktaṃ sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇā iti |

nanu phala-tyāgena punar pai niṣphaleṣu karmasu pravṛttir eva na syāt | tan na, sarveṣām api karmaṇāṃ saṃyoga-pṛthaktvena vividiṣārthatayā viniyogāt | tathā ca śrutiḥ - tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakeneti | tataś ca śruti-padoktaṃ sarvaṃ phalaṃ bandhakatvena tyaktvā vividiṣārthaṃ sarva-karmānuṣṭhānaṃ ghaṭata eva | vividiṣā ca nityānitya-vastu-vivekena nivṛtta-dehādy-abhimānatayā buddheḥ pratyak-pravaṇatā | tāvat paryantaṃ ca sattva-śuddhy-arthaṃ jñānāviruddhaṃ yathocitam avaśyakaṃ karma kurvatas tat-phala-tyāga eva karma-tyāgo nāma | na svarūpeṇa | tathā ca śrutiḥ kurvann eveha karmāṇi jijīviṣec chatāṃ samāḥ (Īśo 2) iti | tataḥ parantu sarva-karma-nivṛttiḥ svata eva bhavati | tad uktaṃ naiṣkarmya-siddhau -

uktaṃ ca bhagavatā - yas tv ātma-ratir eva syād ity ādi | vaśiṣṭhena coktam -

na karmāṇi tyajed yogī karmabhis tyajyate hy asau | karmaṇo mūla-bhūtasya saṅkalpasyaiva nāśataḥ || iti |

jñāna-niṣṭhā-vikṣepakatvam ālakṣya tyajed vā | tad uktaṃ śrī-bhāgavate -

jñāna-niṣṭho virakto vā mad-bhakto vānapekṣakaḥ | saliṅgānāśramāṃs tyaktvā

Viśvanātha : prathamaṃ prācyaṃ matam āśritya sannyāsa-tyāga-śabdayor bhinna-jātīyārthatvam āha kāmyānām iti | putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajeta ity evaṃ kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇaiva tyāgaṃ sannyāsaṃ vidur na tu nityānām api sandhyopāstādīnām iti bhāvaḥ | sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānām api karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ karmaṇā pitṛlokaḥ iti | dharmeṇa pāpam upanudati ity ādyāḥ śrutayaḥ pratipādayanty eva ity atas tyāge phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ sarva-karma-karaṇam | sannyāse tu phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ nitya-karma-karaṇam | kāmya-karmaṇāṃ tu svarūpeṇaiva tyāga

Baladeva : evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān uvāca kāmyānām iti | putra-kāmo yajeta svarga-kāmo yajeta ity evaṃ kāmopanibandhena vihitānāṃ putreṣṭi-jyotiṣṭomādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇatyāgaṃ kavayaḥ paṇḍitāḥ sannyāsaṃ vidur na tu nityānām agnihotrādīnām ity arthaḥ | teṣu vicakṣaṇās tu sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ phala-tyāgam eva, na tu svarūpatas tyāgaṃ sannyāsa-lakṣaṇaṃ tyāgaṃ prāhuḥ | nitya-karmaṇāṃ ca phalam asti - karmaṇāṃ pitṛ-loko dharmeṇa pāpam apanudati ity ādi śravaṇāt | yadyapi aharahaḥ sandhyām upāsīta, yāvaj-jīvanam agnihotraṃ juhoti ity ādau, putra-kāmo yajeta ity ādāv iva phala-viśeṣo na śrutayas tathāpi viśvajitā yajeta ity ādāv iva vidhiḥ kiñcit phalam ākṣiped eva | itarathā puruṣa-pravṛtty-anupapatter duṣpariharatāpattiḥ | tathā ca kāmya-karmaṇāṃ svarūpatas tyāgo, nitya-karmaṇāṃ tu phala-tyāgaḥ sannyāsa-śabdārthaḥ | sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phalecchāṃ tyaktvānuṣṭhānaṃ khalu tyāga-śabdārthaḥ | pūrvokta-rītyā jñānodaya-phalasya sattvād apravṛtter duṣpariharatvaṃ pratyuktam ||2||

BhG 18.3

Śrīdhara : aviduṣaḥ phala-tyāga-mātram eva tyāga-śabdārthaḥ | na karma-tyāga iti | etad eva matāntara-nirāsena dṛḍhīkartuṃ mata-bhedaṃ darśayati tyājyam iti | doṣavad dhiṃsādi-doṣakatvena kevalaṃ bandhakam iti hetoḥ sarveṣām api karma tyājyam iti eke sāṅkhyāḥ prāhur manīṣiṇa iti | asyāyaṃ bhāvaḥ - mā hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtānīti niṣedhaḥ puruṣasyānartha-hetur hiṃsā ity āha | agnīṣomīyaṃ paśum ālabhetety ādi-prākaraṇiko vidhis tu hiṃsāyāḥ kratūpakārakatvam āha | ato bhinna-viṣayakatvena sāmānya-viśeṣa-nyāyāgocaratvād vādhyavādhakatā nāsti | dravya-sādhyeṣu ca sarveṣv api karmasu hiṃsādeḥ sambhavāt sarvam api karma tyājyam eveti | tad uktaṃ - dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy aviśuddhi-kṣayātiśaya-yukta iti | asyārthaḥ guru-pāṭhād anuśrūyata iti anuśravo vedaḥ | tad bodhita upāyo jyotiṣṭhomādir ānuśravikaḥ | tatrāviśuddhir hiṃsā | tathā kṣayo vināśaḥ | agnihotra-jyotiṣṭhomādi-janyeṣu svargeṣu tāratamyaṃ ca vartate | parotkarṣas tu sarvān duḥkhīkaroti |

apare tu mīmāṃsakā yajñādikaṃ karma na tyājyam iti prāhuḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ kratv-arthāpi satīyaṃ hiṃsā puruṣeṇa kartavyā | sā cānyoddeśenāpi kṛtā puruṣasya pratyavāya-hetur eva | yathā hi vidhir vidheyasya tad-uddeśyenānuṣṭhānaṃ vidhatte | tādarthya-lakṣaṇatvāc cheṣatvasya | na tv evaṃ niṣedho niṣedhasya tādarthyam apekṣate prāpti-mātrāpekṣitatvāt | anyathājñāna-pramādādi-kṛte doṣābhāva-prasaṅgāt | tad evaṃ samāna-viṣayakatvena sāmānya-śāstrasya viśeṣeṇa bādhān nāsti doṣavattvam | ato nityaṃ yajñādi-karma na tyājyam iti | anena vidhi-niṣedhayoḥ

Viśvanātha : tyāge punar api mata-bhedam upakṣipati tyājyam iti | doṣavat hiṃsādi-doṣavattvāt karma svarūpata eva tyājyām ity eke sāṅkhyāḥ | pare mīmāṃsakā yajñādikaṃ karma śāstre vihitatvān na tyājyam ity āhuḥ ||3||

Baladeva : tyāge punar api mata-bhedam āha tyājyam iti | eke manīṣiṇo doṣavat na hiṃsyāt sarva-bhūtānīti śruti-nidarśinaḥ kāpilāḥ karma-doṣavat paśu-hiṃsādi-doṣa-yuktaṃ bhavaty atas tyājyaṃ svarūpato heyam ity āhuḥ | agnīṣomīyaṃ paśum ālabheteti śrutis tu hiṃsāyāḥ kratv-aṅgatvam āha tv anartha-hetutvaṃ tasyā nivārayati | tathā ca dravya-sādhyatvena hiṃsāyāḥ sambhavāt | sarvaṃ karma tyājyam iti | apare jaiminīyās tu yajñādikarma na tyājyaṃ tasya veda-vihitatvena nirdoṣatvād ity āhuḥ - yadyapi hiṃsānugrahātmakaṃ karma tathāpi tasya vedena dharmatvābhidhānān na doṣavattvam ataḥ kāryam evety arthaḥ | na hiṃsyāt iti sāmānyato niṣedhas tu krator anyatra tasyāḥ pāpatām āheti na kiñcid avadyam ||3||